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<mods:title id="7EE7EFEEC1C52D734144644717DF6C4B">New data on geometroid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometroidea: Uraniidae and Geometridae) from Sakhalin and Moneron islands with notes on their taxonomy distribution and ecology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FD6738FABFDFD4CB4B439ACCDD8EC532">Titova, Olga L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C6E7E47C011A9FCA10AFB64BF01DA04A">Sakhalin Territory Department of Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, Sakhalinskaya oblast, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia.</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C3276533CA15FFB0FF67FC2BFDBEFC2F" box="[151,572,967,994]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8236B8CA15FFB0FF67FC2BFDBEFC2F" blockId="18.[151,572,967,1031]" box="[151,572,967,994]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D0CA81D4CA15FFB0FF67FC2BFDBEFC2F" bold="true" box="[151,572,967,994]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA15FFB0FF67FC2BFDBEFC2F" ID-CoL="96BPJ" authority="(Oberthur)" baseAuthorityName="Oberthur" box="[151,572,967,994]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eulithis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achatinellaria">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FF67FC2BFDBEFC2F" bold="true" box="[151,572,967,994]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FF67FC2BFE2BFC2F" bold="true" box="[151,425,967,994]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Eulithis achatinellaria</emphasis>
(Oberthür)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3276533CA15FFB0FF67FC00FF7BFBCA" box="[151,249,1004,1031]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8236B8CA15FFB0FF67FC00FF7BFBCA" blockId="18.[151,572,967,1031]" box="[151,249,1004,1031]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
(
<figureCitation id="13062A3DCA15FFB0FF6FFC00FF73FBCA" box="[159,241,1004,1031]" captionStart="FIGURES 2257" captionStartId="14.[151,264,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1435,237,1723]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 2257. Larentiinae and Sterrhinae from Sakhalin. 22—Leptostegna tenerata, ♀, Sokhonda mount.; 23—Tyloptera bella, ♂, Sokhonda mount.; 24—Acasis exviretata, ♀, Yasnomorskoe; 25—A. viretata, ♀, Yasnomorskoe; 26—Trichopteryx carpinata, ♀, Novoaleksandrovsk; 27—T. fastuosa, ♀, S Kholmsk; 2829—T. hemana, S Kholmsk: 28—♂, 29—♀; 30—T. terranea, ♂, Novoaleksandrovsk; 31—Xanthorhoe hortensiaria, ♂, S Kholmsk; 32—Photoscotosia atrostrigata, ♀, S Kholmsk (a—upper side; b—underside); 33—Idiotephria evanescens, ♂, S Kholmsk; 34—Pennithera comis, ♀, S Kholmsk; 35—Eulithis achatinellaria, ♂, Krasnaya Tym; 36—E. testata, ♂, Sakhalin, Okhinskii district, 40 km S of Neftegorsk, near Nutovo mountain, ~ 52º37ʹ N 143º07ʹ E, 30.VIII.2000, A.V. Propletkin legit.; 37—Gandaritis evanescens, ♂, Sokhonda mount.; 38—G. pyraliata, ♂, S Kholmsk; 39—G. whitelyi, ♂, Sokhonda mount.; 40—Ecliptopera capitata capitulata, ♀, Yasnomorskoe; 41—E. pryeri, ♂, S Kholmsk; 42—E. silaceata leuca, ♂, Yasnomorskoe; 43—Dysstroma citrata, ♂, S Kholmsk; 44—Lampropteryx minna, ♀, S Kholmsk; 45—Operophtera peninsularis, ♂, Leonidovo; 46—Laciniodes denigrata, ♂, Yasnomorskoe; 47—Hydrelia shioyana, ♀, Kholmsk; 48—Venusia phasma, ♂, S Kholmsk; 49—V. semistrigata, ♀, S Kholmsk; 50—Perizoma alchemillata, ♂, S Kholmsk; 51—Gymnoscelis esakii, ♂, S Kholmsk, photo in nature by O.L. Titova; 52—Pasiphila chloerata, ♂, Yasnomorskoe; 53—Eupithecia absinthiata, ♂, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk; 54—Idaea foedata, ♀, Razdolnoe; 55—I. imbecilla, ♂, Yasnomorskoe; 56—I. pallidata, ♂, Tymovskoe; 57—Timandra rectistrigaria, ♂, Zhitnitsa river. Scale—10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10211084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10211084/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3276533CA15FFB0FF67FBDCFCB1FB85" box="[151,819,1072,1097]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8236B8CA15FFB0FF67FBDCFCB1FB85" blockId="18.[151,819,1072,1097]" box="[151,819,1072,1097]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2D1196CA15FFB0FF67FBDCFCB1FB85" box="[151,819,1072,1097]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA15FFB0FF67FBDCFEFEFB85" ID-CoL="96BPJ" baseAuthorityName="Oberthur" box="[151,380,1072,1096]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eulithis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achatinellaria">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FF67FBDCFEFEFB85" box="[151,380,1072,1096]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Eulithis achatinellaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0A9C10A9CA15FFB0FE79FBDCFD3EFB85" author="Beljaev, E. A. &amp; Mironov, V. G." box="[393,700,1072,1097]" page="264" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B49CA15FFB0FE79FBDCFD3EFB85" author="Beljaev, E. A. &amp; Mironov, V. G." box="[393,700,1072,1097]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="235 - 281" refId="ref24431" refString="Beljaev, E. A. &amp; Mironov, V. G. (2019) Geometridae. In: Sinev, S. Yu. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Russia. 2 nd Edition. Zoological Institute RAS, St. Petersburg, pp. 235 - 281. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="2019">Beljaev &amp; Mironov 2019: 264</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<collectingRegion id="49F9F85ACA15FFB0FD3AFBDCFCABFB85" box="[714,809,1072,1096]" country="Russia" name="Sakhalin" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sakhalin</collectingRegion>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3276533CA15FFB0FF67FB9AFA0BFB5C" box="[151,1417,1142,1171]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8236B8CA15FFB0FF67FB9AFA0BFB5C" blockId="18.[151,1437,1142,2033]" box="[151,1417,1142,1171]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FF67FB9AFE03FB5D" bold="true" box="[151,385,1142,1168]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material examined.</emphasis>
1 ♂, Krasnaya Tym,
<date id="FF831078CA15FFB0FD81FB9BFC84FB5C" box="[625,774,1143,1169]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2001-08-23">23.VIII.2001</date>
; 1 ♂, Slavy,
<date id="FF831078CA15FFB0FC66FB9BFBA9FB5C" box="[918,1067,1143,1169]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2001-08-22">22.VIII.2001</date>
;
<specimenCount id="9D3BFD31CA15FFB0FBC7FB9BFBE3FB5C" box="[1079,1121,1143,1169]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Vestochka,
<date id="FF831078CA15FFB0FB1FFB9BFA07FB5C" box="[1263,1413,1143,1169]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2001-08-31">31.VIII.2001</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3276533CA15FFB0FF37FB76FACEFAEC" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8236B8CA15FFB0FF37FB76FACEFAEC" blockId="18.[151,1437,1142,2033]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FF37FB76FEE3FB79" bold="true" box="[199,353,1178,1204]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F32A7628CA15FFB0FE98FB77FE31FB78" box="[360,435,1179,1205]" name="Russia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Russia</collectingCountry>
(S RFE: S and central
<collectingRegion id="49F9F85ACA15FFB0FD46FB77FC99FB78" box="[694,795,1179,1205]" country="Russia" name="Sakhalin" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sakhalin</collectingRegion>
, S Kurils—Kunashir and Shikotan, S Khabarovskii Krai, S Amurskaya Oblast, Primorskii Krai; S Yakutia, S and W Siberia),
<collectingCountry id="F32A7628CA15FFB0FC6AFB53FC58FB14" box="[922,986,1215,1241]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49F9F85ACA15FFB0FC19FB53FBDCFB14" box="[1001,1118,1215,1241]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32A7628CA15FFB0FB82FB53FA80FB14" box="[1138,1282,1215,1241]" name="North Korea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">North Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32A7628CA15FFB0FAFEFB53FA1EFB14" box="[1294,1436,1215,1241]" name="South Korea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">South Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49F9F85ACA15FFB0FF6FFB0FFF50FB30" box="[159,210,1251,1277]" country="South Korea" name="Jeju" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Jeju</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32A7628CA15FFB0FF16FB0FFEABFB30" box="[230,297,1251,1277]" name="China" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">China</collectingCountry>
(NE, N, Western Plateau),
<collectingCountry id="F32A7628CA15FFB0FD90FB0FFD53FB30" box="[608,721,1251,1277]" name="Mongolia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
. In
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B49CA15FFB0FD0BFB0FFC62FB30" author="Beljaev, E. A." box="[763,992,1251,1277]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref24314" refString="Beljaev, E. A. (2016) Sem. Geometridae - Pyadenitsy [Family Geometridae - Geometrid Moths]. In: Lelej, A. S. (Ed.), Annotated catalogue of the insects of Russian Far East. Vol. 2. Lepidoptera. Dalnuaka, Vladivostok, pp. 518 - 666. [in Russian]" type="book" year="2016">Beljaev (2016: 416)</bibRefCitation>
, the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA15FFB0FB4FFB0FFAFDFB30" box="[1215,1407,1251,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eulithis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achatinellaria">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FB4FFB0FFAFDFB30" box="[1215,1407,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E. achatinellaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in “Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima, Yakushima, Okinawa” is given erroneously as a result of a misprint.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3276533CA15FFB1FF37FAC7FB79FE44" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8236B8CA15FFB0FF37FAC7FAB4FA40" blockId="18.[151,1437,1142,2033]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FF37FAC7FEB9FA88" bold="true" box="[199,315,1323,1349]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Remarks.</emphasis>
The new localities significantly expand the general distribution range of
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA15FFB0FB45FAC7FAFBFA88" box="[1205,1401,1323,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eulithis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achatinellaria">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FB45FAC7FAFBFA88" box="[1205,1401,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E. achatinellaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the northeast. The known host plants of the larvae of this species in Yakutia are
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA15FFB0FBA3FAA3FB09FAA4" box="[1107,1163,1359,1385]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FBA3FAA3FB09FAA4" box="[1107,1163,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Salix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA15FFB0FB6EFAA3FA9AFAA4" box="[1182,1304,1359,1385]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Salicaceae</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA15FFB0FAAEFAA3FA1EFAA4" box="[1374,1436,1359,1385]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Grossulariaceae" genus="Ribes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FAAEFAA3FA1EFAA4" box="[1374,1436,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ribes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA15FFB0FF6FFA9FFED4FA40" box="[159,342,1395,1421]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Grossulariaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Grossulariaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B49CA15FFB0FE9BFA9FFDB1FA40" author="Burnasheva, A. P." box="[363,563,1395,1421]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="67 - 76" refId="ref24860" refString="Burnasheva, A. P. (2011) Trophic relationships of geometrid moths (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) in the Central and South-Western Yakutia. Proceedings of the Russian Entomological Society, St Petersburg, 90, 67 - 76. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2011">Burnasheva 2011</bibRefCitation>
); probably, they are polyphagous on low deciduous trees and shrubs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236B8CA15FFB0FF37FA7BFE57F8D4" blockId="18.[151,1437,1142,2033]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Until now, some authors consider
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA15FFB0FDADFA7BFCA2FA7C" box="[605,800,1431,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eulithis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achatinellaria">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FDADFA7BFCA2FA7C" box="[605,800,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E. achatinellaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA15FFB0FBFDFA7BFA83FA7C" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[1037,1281,1431,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eulithis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testata">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FBFDFA7BFBFEFA7D" box="[1037,1148,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E. testata</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
(from recent major publications—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B49CA15FFB0FE77FA57FD34FA18" author="Nakajima, H. &amp; Yazaki, K." box="[391,694,1467,1493]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="248 - 316" refId="ref28288" refString="Nakajima, H. &amp; Yazaki, K. (2011) Larentiinae. In: Kishida, Y. (Ed.), The Standard of Moths in Japan I. Callidulidae, Epicopeiidae, Drepanidae, Uraniidae, Geometridae, Lasiocampidae, Bombycidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae. Gakken Education Publishing, Tokyo, pp. 68 - 84, 248 - 316." type="journal article" year="2011">Nakajima &amp; Yazaki 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B49CA15FFB0FD37FA57FBA3FA18" author="Hausmann, A. &amp; Viidalepp, J." box="[711,1057,1467,1493]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref25838" refString="Hausmann, A. &amp; Viidalepp, J. (2012) Larentiinae I. In: Hausmann, A. (Ed.), The Geometrid moths of Europe. Vol. 3. Apollo Books, Vester Skernige, pp. 1 - 743." type="book" year="2012">Hausmann &amp; Viidalepp 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B49CA15FFB0FBC0FA57FB76FA18" author="Kim, S. - S. &amp; Choi, S. - W. &amp; Sohn, J. - C. &amp; Kim, T. &amp; Lee, B. - W." box="[1072,1268,1467,1493]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref26434" refString="Kim, S. - S., Choi, S. - W., Sohn, J. - C., Kim, T. &amp; Lee, B. - W. (2016) The Geometrid moths of Korea (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Junghaengsa, Seoul, 499 pp." type="book" year="2016">
Kim
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FB9EFA57FB2EFA18" box="[1134,1196,1467,1493]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
), although the clear morphological differences of these species were shown by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B49CA15FFB0FC7FFA33FBD1FA34" author="Djakonov, A. M." box="[911,1107,1503,1529]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref25268" refString="Djakonov, A. M. (1926) Zur Kentniss der Geometriden Fauna des Minussinsk - Bezirks (Sibirien Ienissej Gouv.) Jahrbuch des Martjanov'schen Staatsmuseums in Minussinsk, Sibirien, 4 (1), 1 - 78. [in Russin and German]" type="journal article" year="1926">Djakonov (1926)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B49CA15FFB0FB61FA33FAD4FA34" author="Viidalepp, J." box="[1169,1366,1503,1529]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="74 - 82" refId="ref30477" refString="Viidalepp, J. (1987) K faune pyadenits Evenkiyskogo avtonomnogo okruga i zony BAM [On the fauna of the moths of the Evenk Autonomous Okrug and the BAM zone]. In: Rozhkov, A. S. (Ed.), Nasekomyye zony BAM [Insects of the BAM zone]. Nauka, Novosibirsk, pp. 74 - 82. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1987">Viidalepp (1987)</bibRefCitation>
. Both species are present in
<collectingRegion id="49F9F85ACA15FFB0FE7CF9EFFE70F9D0" box="[396,498,1539,1565]" country="Russia" name="Sakhalin" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sakhalin</collectingRegion>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA15FFB0FE0DF9EFFD39F9D0" box="[509,699,1539,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eulithis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achatinellaria">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FE0DF9EFFD39F9D0" box="[509,699,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E. achatinellaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known to the north up to Tymovskii District, whereas boreal
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA15FFB0FA74F9EFFF60F98D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eulithis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testata">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FA74F9EFFF60F98D" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E. testata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—immediately northward of the latter, in Noglinskii and Okhinskii Districts (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B49CA15FFB0FBA2F9CBFB6CF98C" author="Beljaev, E. A." box="[1106,1262,1575,1601]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref24133" refString="Beljaev, E. A. (2001) New data on Geometridae (Lepidoptera) from Sakhalin Island. Far Eastern Entomologist, 106, 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="2001">Beljaev 2001</bibRefCitation>
), and along the cool Sea of Okhotsk shore—on southward to Dolinskii district near the Starodubskoye village (
<geoCoordinate id="EE09507FCA15FFB0FB25F9A7FABAF9A8" box="[1237,1336,1611,1637]" degrees="47" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="47.4">47°24 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE09507FCA15FFB0FAB5F9A0FF28F944" degrees="142" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="142.81667">142°49 E</geoCoordinate>
, “Sakayehama”:
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B49CA15FFB0FE9AF983FDA9F944" author="Matsumura, S." box="[362,555,1646,1673]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="83 - 196" refId="ref28032" refString="Matsumura, S. (1925) An enumeration of the butterflies and moths from Saghalien, with descriptions of new species and subspecies. Journal of the College of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University, 15, 83 - 196, pls. 8 - 11." type="journal article" year="1925">Matsumura 1925</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA15FFB0FDA3F983FC78F944" authority="Matsumura" authorityName="Matsumura" box="[595,1018,1647,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lygris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="testata" subSpecies="karafutonis">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FDA3F983FCF3F944" box="[595,881,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Lygris testata karafutonis</emphasis>
Matsumura
</taxonomicName>
; current taxonomic status of the latter see in
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B49CA15FFB0FF2DF97FFE2EF960" author="Beljaev, E. A." box="[221,428,1683,1709]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref24314" refString="Beljaev, E. A. (2016) Sem. Geometridae - Pyadenitsy [Family Geometridae - Geometrid Moths]. In: Lelej, A. S. (Ed.), Annotated catalogue of the insects of Russian Far East. Vol. 2. Lepidoptera. Dalnuaka, Vladivostok, pp. 518 - 666. [in Russian]" type="book" year="2016">Beljaev 2016: 613</bibRefCitation>
), and in the extreme south-east of
<collectingRegion id="49F9F85ACA15FFB0FCD9F97FFC09F960" box="[809,907,1683,1709]" country="Russia" name="Sakhalin" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sakhalin</collectingRegion>
in the Korsakov urban district near Muravyovo village (
<geoCoordinate id="EE09507FCA15FFB0FF05F954FEE3F91C" box="[245,353,1719,1747]" degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="46.5">46°30 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE09507FCA15FFB0FE9FF954FE66F91C" box="[367,484,1719,1747]" degrees="143" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="143.3">143°18 E</geoCoordinate>
, “Muravjovo”:
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B49CA15FFB0FD6AF95BFCB9F91C" author="Kurina, O." box="[666,827,1719,1745]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="3023174521" refId="ref27012" refString="Kurina, O. (2022 c) Eulithis testata (Linnaeus, 1761), GBIF occurrence 3023174521. In: Estonian University of Life Sciences Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Entomological Collection. Estonian University of Life Sciences. Occurrence dataset accessed via GBIF. org. Available from: https: // www. gbif. org / occurrence / 3023174521 (assessed 4 February 2022) https: // doi. org / 10.15468 / qn 6223" type="book chapter" year="2022">Kurina 2022c</bibRefCitation>
). Preferred habitats of the both species are different:
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA15FFB0FF67F937FE86F939" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[151,260,1755,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lygris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testata">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FF67F937FE86F939" box="[151,260,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E. testata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
usually inhabits the cool mesophytic and hygrophytic habitats, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA15FFB0FBBDF937FA8CF938" box="[1101,1294,1755,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eulithis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achatinellaria">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FBBDF937FA8CF938" box="[1101,1294,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E. achatinellaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
chooses the thermo-xerophytic biotopes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236B8CA15FFB1FF37F8CFFB8CFE8C" blockId="18.[151,1437,1142,2033]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,151,393]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Genetic data in the BOLD also support the separate status of
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA15FFB0FC88F8CFFBB4F8F0" box="[888,1078,1827,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eulithis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achatinellaria">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FC88F8CFFBB4F8F0" box="[888,1078,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E. achatinellaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In this data base, judging from the photos of the moths, this species is represented as American &quot;
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA15FFB0FC68F8ABFB11F8AC" box="[920,1171,1863,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eulithis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diversilineata">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FC68F8ABFB11F8AC" box="[920,1171,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Eulithis diversilineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; from Primorskii Krai (BIN ID: ABZ0682, sample ID: BC ZSM Lep 62730, also as &quot;
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA15FFB0FC9FF887FB98F849" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[879,1050,1899,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eulithis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testata">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FC9FF887FB98F849" box="[879,1050,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Eulithis testata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;, sequence ID: GWOTG454-12), and as &quot;
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA15FFB0FF03F863FE1FF865" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[243,413,1935,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eulithis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testata">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FF03F863FE1FF865" box="[243,413,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Eulithis testata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; from
<collectingCountry id="F32A7628CA15FFB0FE1FF863FDBFF864" box="[495,573,1935,1961]" name="Russia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Russia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F9F85ACA15FFB0FDB8F863FD02F864" box="[584,640,1935,1961]" country="Russia" name="Altay" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Altai</collectingRegion>
(BIN ID: ABZ0682, sequence ID: LEALT335-16, LEALT336-16 and GWOTG453-12). These samples together with the samples of
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA15FFB0FC84F85FFBB4F800" box="[884,1078,1971,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eulithis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achatinellaria">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA15FFB0FC84F85FFBB4F800" box="[884,1078,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E. achatinellaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
transferred from the GenBank (BOLD sample ID: GBMNF21807-22, GBMNF21808-22, GBMNF21809-22 and GBMNF21810-22) form a separate cluster, opposed to the European samples. Corresponding GBIF occurrences are given in
<tableCitation id="C6BF0303CA14FFB1FB25FF7BFAA8FF7C" box="[1237,1322,151,177]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="30.[150,238,523,549]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="TABLE 2. Reidentification of some specimens in BOLD and GBIF databases." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF426630CA19FFBCFF66FDE7FC5FFDE8" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" tableUuid="DF426630CA19FFBCFF66FDE7FC5FFDE8">Table 2</tableCitation>
. Although pairwise distances between
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA14FFB1FE22FF57FDBFFF19" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[466,573,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eulithis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testata">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA14FFB1FE22FF57FDBFFF19" box="[466,573,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">E. testata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA14FFB1FD85FF57FCB6FF18" box="[629,820,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eulithis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achatinellaria">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA14FFB1FD85FF57FCB6FF18" box="[629,820,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">E. achatinellaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are less than 2%, both taxa are distributed in different areas, which are partly overlapped in Siberia and RFE, what supports their specific taxonomic rank. Generally, all GBIF records of “
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA14FFB1FEAFFEEFFD85FED1" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[351,519,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eulithis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testata">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA14FFB1FEAFFEEFFD85FED1" box="[351,519,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Eulithis testata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” from
<collectingCountry id="F32A7628CA14FFB1FDA6FEEFFD18FED0" box="[598,666,259,285]" name="South Korea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Korea</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F32A7628CA14FFB1FD3EFEEFFC8CFED0" box="[718,782,259,285]" name="Japan" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Japan</collectingCountry>
should be associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D3BCA14FFB1FBC6FEEFFB71FED0" box="[1078,1267,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eulithis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achatinellaria">
<emphasis id="B949EAAACA14FFB1FBC6FEEFFB71FED0" box="[1078,1267,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">E. achatinellaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas those from Russian territory, at least eastwards from the Uras, should be reexamined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236B8CA14FFB1FF37FEA7FB79FE44" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,393]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
For easier identification, we give here a key to these species by appearance with some modifications in comparison with their distinguishing characters provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B49CA14FFB1FCB0FE83FB82FE44" author="Djakonov, A. M." box="[832,1024,367,393]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref25268" refString="Djakonov, A. M. (1926) Zur Kentniss der Geometriden Fauna des Minussinsk - Bezirks (Sibirien Ienissej Gouv.) Jahrbuch des Martjanov'schen Staatsmuseums in Minussinsk, Sibirien, 4 (1), 1 - 78. [in Russin and German]" type="journal article" year="1926">Djakonov (1926)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B49CA14FFB1FBC6FE83FB75FE44" author="Viidalepp, J." box="[1078,1271,367,393]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="74 - 82" refId="ref30477" refString="Viidalepp, J. (1987) K faune pyadenits Evenkiyskogo avtonomnogo okruga i zony BAM [On the fauna of the moths of the Evenk Autonomous Okrug and the BAM zone]. In: Rozhkov, A. S. (Ed.), Nasekomyye zony BAM [Insects of the BAM zone]. Nauka, Novosibirsk, pp. 74 - 82. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1987">Viidalepp (1987)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>