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<document id="71DA53C407D3A2CB083B811C9C6A803B" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.215310" ID-GBIF-Dataset="25d6b50e-bd40-40a7-8301-b53ed155bc4a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="215310" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460560684099" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Magalhães, Wagner F. &amp; Bailey-Brock, Julie H." docDate="2012" docId="03913362FF82FF8699BEFF5D9F004995" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03581p052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3581" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Capitella singularis Fauvel 1932, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FFA84B1AFF8FFF899929FFCA9A454D0A" masterDocTitle="Capitellidae Grube, 1862 (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Hawaiian Islands with description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1698320276911" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="4FF230B9BD1449E2443EE5A651AF9721">Capitellidae Grube, 1862 (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Hawaiian Islands with description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B99FAF16E2A639A8FDEF967D154FDA35">Magalhães, Wagner F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4BE805D1E4664A0FB65F47481F28810E">Bailey-Brock, Julie H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="3F0B6E1C8D62DDB03E59C557EE77F930">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="552F24359269536595799543DC6E5E55">3581</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03913362FF82FF8699BEFF5D9F004995" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6175600" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119556900" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6175600" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03913362FF82FF8699BEFF5D9F004995" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03913362FF82FF8699BEFF5D9F004995" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="C322D1FFFF82FF8499BEFF5D9BB24DD9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B878274FF82FF8499BEFF5D988F4DBB" blockId="13.[151,714,151,211]" box="[151,714,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="D0CF3518FF82FF8499BEFF5D988F4DBB" bold="true" box="[151,714,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B94C5E66FF82FF8499BEFF5D988F4DBB" bold="true" box="[151,714,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C38F9F7FF82FF8499BEFF5D98794DBB" ID-CoL="5X9KG" authority="Fauvel, 1932" authorityName="Fauvel" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,572,151,177]" class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Capitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="singularis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94C5E66FF82FF8499BEFF5D9BC14DBB" bold="true" box="[151,388,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Capitella singularis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9FF85FF82FF8498BAFF5D98714DBB" author="Fauvel" box="[403,564,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Fauvel, P. (1932) Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 12 (1), 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1932">Fauvel, 1932</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27FE31DFF82FF849B6DFF5D988F4DBB" box="[580,714,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B878274FF82FF8499BEFF709BB24DD9" blockId="13.[151,714,151,211]" box="[151,503,186,211]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<figureCitation id="13039EF1FF82FF8499BEFF709B454DD8" box="[151,256,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1661,1684]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,251,1605]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,251,1606]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Capitella singularis comb. nov.: A, MGSP of anterior end; B, MGSP of abdominal segments showing staining on parapodial tori and presence of branchial filaments. Capitella giardi: C, preserved specimen with brown pigmentation on anterior end and abdominal parapodial tori; D, MGSP of anterior end in lateral view; E, MGSP of anterior end in dorsal view; F, MGSP of posterior end and pygidium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215313/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figures 3</figureCitation>
A–B, 9 A–D, 10 A–F
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C322D1FFFF82FF8499BEFEC89EC84C3D" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B878274FF82FF8499BEFEC899054C12" blockId="13.[151,1165,258,311]" box="[151,832,258,280]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB28A55AFF82FF8499BEFEC899054C12" box="[151,832,258,280]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C38F9F7FF82FF8499BEFEC8983C4C12" ID-CoL="N6MP" authority="Fauvel, 1932: 197" authorityName="Fauvel" authorityPageNumber="197" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,633,258,280]" class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Branchiocapitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="singularis">
<emphasis id="B94C5E66FF82FF8499BEFEC89BFC4C12" box="[151,441,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Branchiocapitella singularis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A99A465FF82FF849896FEC8983C4C12" author="Fauvel" box="[447,633,258,280]" page="197" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1932">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9FF85FF82FF849896FEC898024C12" author="Fauvel" box="[447,583,258,280]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Fauvel, P. (1932) Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 12 (1), 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1932">Fauvel, 1932</bibRefCitation>
: 197
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. VII, figs. 9–14.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B878274FF82FF8499BEFEEB9EC84C3D" blockId="13.[151,1165,258,311]" box="[151,1165,289,311]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB28A55AFF82FF8499BEFEEB9EC84C3D" box="[151,1165,289,311]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B94C5E66FF82FF8499BEFEEB9B934C3D" box="[151,470,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C38F9F7FF82FF8499BEFEEB9BFD4C3D" ID-CoL="N6MP" box="[151,440,289,311]" class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Branchiocapitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="singularis">Branchiocapitella singularis</taxonomicName>
.—
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A99A465FF82FF8498FFFEEB98C34C3D" author="Fauvel" box="[470,646,289,311]" page="371" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1953">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9FF85FF82FF8498FFFEEB98124C3D" author="Fauvel" box="[470,599,289,311]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Fauvel, P. (1953) The Fauna of India, including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and Malaya. Annelida, Polychaeta. The Indian Press, Ltd, Allahabad. xii and 507 pp." type="book" year="1953">Fauvel 1953</bibRefCitation>
: 371
</treatmentCitation>
–372, fig. 193a–f.
<treatmentCitation id="0A99A465FF82FF849A6BFEEB99A14C3D" author="Pillai" box="[834,996,289,311]" page="157" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9FF85FF82FF849A6BFEEB99F14C3D" author="Pillai" box="[834,948,289,311]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Pillai, T. G. (1965) Annelida Polychaeta from the Philippines and Indonesia. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Sciences), 5 (2), 112 - 177." type="journal article" year="1965">Pillai 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 157
</treatmentCitation>
–160, fig. 19a–f.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C322D1FFFF82FF8499BEFEA999F14C95" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B878274FF82FF8499BEFEA999F14C95" blockId="13.[151,1436,355,561]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B94C5E66FF82FF8499BEFEA998674C76" bold="true" box="[151,546,355,380]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Material examined. Oahu Island</emphasis>
: Mamala Bay, underneath threadfin mariculture cages, Sta. UR3, 21°17ʹ17.7ʺ N, 158°00ʹ26.5ʺ W,
<quantity id="4CC02F91FF82FF849853FE4D9B8F4C95" box="[378,458,391,415]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.02" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="40.2">40.2 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF86A4B4FF82FF8498FFFE4D98004C95" box="[470,581,391,415]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2004-02">Feb. 2004</date>
(2, 1 on stub; 1,
<collectionCode id="ED291AB1FF82FF849A2AFE4299144C95" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[771,849,392,415]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BPBM</collectionCode>
R3581).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C322D1FFFF82FF8699EEFE6199F44FAD" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B878274FF82FF8499EEFE619F624F3B" blockId="13.[151,1436,355,561]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B94C5E66FF82FF8499EEFE619B1C4CCE" bold="true" box="[199,345,427,452]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description.</emphasis>
Two complete specimens 20 and
<quantity id="4CC02F91FF82FF849BFCFE6699604CCE" box="[725,805,428,452]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CC02F91FF82FF849A45FE6699874CCE" box="[876,962,428,452]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
wide for about 120–130 chaetigers. Third specimen largest one but lacking posterior-most segments,
<quantity id="4CC02F91FF82FF849A0EFE0599334CED" box="[807,886,463,487]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CC02F91FF82FF849A93FE059E554CED" box="[954,1040,463,487]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
wide for about 91 chaetigers. Body elongate, wider on mid-thoracic chaetigers, gradually narrowing before pygidium; rounded dorsally and with shallow ventral groove beginning after chaetigers 7–8. Color in alcohol pale yellow or brownish orange.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF47D2FCFF82FF8499BEF8CB99694A3C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215319/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[151,1436,613,1772]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8B878274FF82FF8499BEF8CB99694A3C" blockId="13.[151,1436,1793,1846]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B94C5E66FF82FF8499BEF8CB9B514A1D" bold="true" box="[151,276,1793,1816]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C38F9F7FF82FF849835F8CB9BA24A1D" box="[284,487,1793,1815]" class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Capitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="singularis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94C5E66FF82FF849835F8CB9BA24A1D" box="[284,487,1793,1815]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Capitella singularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27FE31DFF82FF8498C6F8CB98204A1D" box="[495,613,1793,1815]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: A, anterior end, lateral view; B, end of thoracic region in dorsal view showing genital spines; C, branchial tufts; D, posterior end in lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B878274FF82FF8499EEF8979AB44AEB" blockId="13.[151,1436,1885,2017]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Prostomium conical, as long as wide, with rounded tip (
<figureCitation id="13039EF1FF82FF849A7AF89799D84A7F" box="[851,925,1885,1909]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1793,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,613,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,613,1772]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Capitella singularis comb. nov.: A, anterior end, lateral view; B, end of thoracic region in dorsal view showing genital spines; C, branchial tufts; D, posterior end in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215319/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 9</figureCitation>
A, 10A, B); nuchal organs and eyespots not observed. Peristomium distinct from prostomium as a complete ring, dorsally as wide as chaetiger 1 but shortens ventrally surrounding mouth (
<figureCitation id="13039EF1FF82FF8498D9F86F987F4AB7" box="[496,570,1957,1981]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1793,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,613,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,613,1772]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Capitella singularis comb. nov.: A, anterior end, lateral view; B, end of thoracic region in dorsal view showing genital spines; C, branchial tufts; D, posterior end in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215319/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 9</figureCitation>
A, 10A, B). Proboscis partially everted in largest specimen and apparently smooth.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF47D2FCFF81FF8799BEF9C49E214B80" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215320/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[151,1435,176,1528]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8B878274FF81FF8799BEF9C49E214B80" blockId="14.[151,1436,1550,1674]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B94C5E66FF81FF8799BEF9C49B644B2E" bold="true" box="[151,289,1550,1573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
SEM of
<taxonomicName id="4C38F9F7FF81FF8798ABF9C5980B4B2F" box="[386,590,1551,1573]" class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Capitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="singularis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94C5E66FF81FF8798ABF9C5980B4B2F" box="[386,590,1551,1573]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Capitella singularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27FE31DFF81FF879B7FF9C598894B2F" box="[598,716,1551,1573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: A, anterior end and thoracic region in dorso-lateral view; B, anterior end, lateral view showing distinction between prostomium, persitomium and chaetiger 1; C, anterior multi-annulated abdominal segments; D, posterior abdominal segments showing beginning of branchiae with a single filament; E, posterior abdominal segment with well-developed branchial tufts; F, detail of an abdominal hooded hook.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B878274FF81FF8799EEF9719B374AF9" blockId="14.[151,1436,1723,2035]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Thorax with 10 segments, one achaetous peristomium and nine chaetigers. Anterior thoracic segments biannulate, after chaetiger 4 segments may appear tessellated with sub–annulations (
<figureCitation id="13039EF1FF81FF879D67F9159ED04BFD" box="[1102,1173,1759,1783]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1793,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,613,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,613,1772]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Capitella singularis comb. nov.: A, anterior end, lateral view; B, end of thoracic region in dorsal view showing genital spines; C, branchial tufts; D, posterior end in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215319/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 9</figureCitation>
A, 10A); first chaetiger biramous, chaetigers 1–7 with 12 short bilimbate capillaries per fascicle. Males with chaetigers 8–9 enlarged, muscular with notopodia replaced by embedded genital hooks (
<figureCitation id="13039EF1FF81FF879AADF8ED99894A35" box="[900,972,1831,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1793,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,613,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,613,1772]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Capitella singularis comb. nov.: A, anterior end, lateral view; B, end of thoracic region in dorsal view showing genital spines; C, branchial tufts; D, posterior end in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215319/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
B); hooks overlapping each other, from chaetiger 8 directed posteriorly and chaetiger 9 directed anteriorly. Neuropodia of chaetiger 8 with five hooded hooks, neuropodia of chaetiger 9 with 10 similar hooks. Abdominal segments multiannulated, more strongly after chaetiger 14 (
<figureCitation id="13039EF1FF81FF879810F8599BD54AA1" box="[313,400,1939,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1550,1573]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,176,1528]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,165,1529]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. SEM of Capitella singularis comb. nov.: A, anterior end and thoracic region in dorso-lateral view; B, anterior end, lateral view showing distinction between prostomium, persitomium and chaetiger 1; C, anterior multi-annulated abdominal segments; D, posterior abdominal segments showing beginning of branchiae with a single filament; E, posterior abdominal segment with well-developed branchial tufts; F, detail of an abdominal hooded hook." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215320/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
C); noto- and neuropodia with well separated glandular tori pads (
<figureCitation id="13039EF1FF81FF879D89F8599EB34AA1" box="[1184,1270,1939,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1550,1573]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,176,1528]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,165,1529]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. SEM of Capitella singularis comb. nov.: A, anterior end and thoracic region in dorso-lateral view; B, anterior end, lateral view showing distinction between prostomium, persitomium and chaetiger 1; C, anterior multi-annulated abdominal segments; D, posterior abdominal segments showing beginning of branchiae with a single filament; E, posterior abdominal segment with well-developed branchial tufts; F, detail of an abdominal hooded hook." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215320/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
D); abdominal chaetae with hooded hooks throughout, anteriorly 12 hooks, reduced to 4–6 posteriorly. Lateral organs and genital pores not observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B878274FF80FF8699EEFF5D9B804C16" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Genital spines with different configuration in two large specimens; one specimen apparently without exposed spines on chaetiger 8 (but with groove) and two robust embedded spines on chaetiger 9, directed anteriorly; largest specimen with two sets of 3–4 spines on chaetiger 8 facing next chaetiger and two robust spines on chaetiger 9 facing anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="13039EF1FF80FF869849FECE9BE64C16" box="[352,419,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1793,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,613,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,613,1772]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Capitella singularis comb. nov.: A, anterior end, lateral view; B, end of thoracic region in dorsal view showing genital spines; C, branchial tufts; D, posterior end in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215319/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B878274FF80FF8699EEFEE29E294C8D" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Noto- and neuropodial hooks similar; hoods short, not extending beyond main fang. Hooks with moderate anterior shaft, slight node and multiple teeth, with two rows of teeth in frontal view (4–6 teeth in basal and
<quantity id="4CC02F91FF80FF869C7CFE869FD94C6E" box="[1365,1436,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.905" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="1.778" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="in" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8 in</quantity>
superior row), although superior row may not be seen with light microscopy (
<figureCitation id="13039EF1FF80FF869AD5FEA59E084C8D" box="[1020,1101,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1550,1573]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,176,1528]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,165,1529]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. SEM of Capitella singularis comb. nov.: A, anterior end and thoracic region in dorso-lateral view; B, anterior end, lateral view showing distinction between prostomium, persitomium and chaetiger 1; C, anterior multi-annulated abdominal segments; D, posterior abdominal segments showing beginning of branchiae with a single filament; E, posterior abdominal segment with well-developed branchial tufts; F, detail of an abdominal hooded hook." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215320/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B878274FF80FF8699EEFE5E98714CFE" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Branchiae present after chaetiger 30, present throughout posterior end of body; 1–4 digitiform branchial filaments arising below neuropodial lobes (
<figureCitation id="13039EF1FF80FF869BBFFE7D98A84CC5" box="[662,749,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1550,1573]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,176,1528]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,165,1529]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. SEM of Capitella singularis comb. nov.: A, anterior end and thoracic region in dorso-lateral view; B, anterior end, lateral view showing distinction between prostomium, persitomium and chaetiger 1; C, anterior multi-annulated abdominal segments; D, posterior abdominal segments showing beginning of branchiae with a single filament; E, posterior abdominal segment with well-developed branchial tufts; F, detail of an abdominal hooded hook." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215320/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
D); number of filaments increasing posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="13039EF1FF80FF869C0CFE7D9F3E4CC5" box="[1317,1403,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1550,1573]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,176,1528]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,165,1529]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. SEM of Capitella singularis comb. nov.: A, anterior end and thoracic region in dorso-lateral view; B, anterior end, lateral view showing distinction between prostomium, persitomium and chaetiger 1; C, anterior multi-annulated abdominal segments; D, posterior abdominal segments showing beginning of branchiae with a single filament; E, posterior abdominal segment with well-developed branchial tufts; F, detail of an abdominal hooded hook." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215320/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
E). Pygidium simple with terminal anus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B878274FF80FF8699EEFDCA99F44FAD" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B94C5E66FF80FF8699EEFDCA987D4F12" bold="true" box="[199,568,511,536]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Methyl green staining pattern.</emphasis>
All specimens male, with same staining reaction. Anterior end and thoracic region staining light green; second half of segments from chaetiger 5–9 with dark speckles (
<figureCitation id="13039EF1FF80FF869D92FDEE9F454F36" box="[1211,1280,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1661,1684]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,251,1605]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,251,1606]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Capitella singularis comb. nov.: A, MGSP of anterior end; B, MGSP of abdominal segments showing staining on parapodial tori and presence of branchial filaments. Capitella giardi: C, preserved specimen with brown pigmentation on anterior end and abdominal parapodial tori; D, MGSP of anterior end in lateral view; E, MGSP of anterior end in dorsal view; F, MGSP of posterior end and pygidium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215313/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A). Abdomen stained darker than thorax; anterior five segments with two rings formed on second half of segments by staining of pre- and post-chaetal tori; posteriorly, stain only retained on pre- and post-chaetal region, with a light green band circling dorsum and no stain ventrally (
<figureCitation id="13039EF1FF80FF869B66FD4598D74FAD" box="[591,658,655,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1661,1684]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,251,1605]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,251,1606]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Capitella singularis comb. nov.: A, MGSP of anterior end; B, MGSP of abdominal segments showing staining on parapodial tori and presence of branchial filaments. Capitella giardi: C, preserved specimen with brown pigmentation on anterior end and abdominal parapodial tori; D, MGSP of anterior end in lateral view; E, MGSP of anterior end in dorsal view; F, MGSP of posterior end and pygidium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215313/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B). Pygidium not stained.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C322D1FFFF80FF8699EEFD799B914FE5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B878274FF80FF8699EEFD799B914FE5" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B94C5E66FF80FF8699EEFD799B254FC6" bold="true" box="[199,352,691,716]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution.</emphasis>
Indian Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9FF85FF80FF869B3CFD7E98EC4FC6" author="Fauvel" box="[533,681,692,716]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Fauvel, P. (1932) Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 12 (1), 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1932">Fauvel 1932</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32FC2E4FF80FF869BE9FD7E99684FC6" box="[704,813,692,716]" name="Indonesia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9FF85FF80FF869A16FD7E99FA4FC6" author="Pillai" box="[831,959,692,716]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Pillai, T. G. (1965) Annelida Polychaeta from the Philippines and Indonesia. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Sciences), 5 (2), 112 - 177." type="journal article" year="1965">Pillai 1965</bibRefCitation>
) and newly recorded from Hawaii in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C322D1FFFF80FF8699EEFD369F004995" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B878274FF80FF8699EEFD369FD34EAE" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B94C5E66FF80FF8699EEFD369B7E4E1E" bold="true" box="[199,315,764,788]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</emphasis>
The specimens from Oahu, Hawaii agree well with the original description but differ in that the branchial filaments are positioned ventrally and not dorsally as stated and illustrated in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9FF85FF80FF869D81FCD59F014E3D" author="Fauvel" box="[1192,1348,799,823]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Fauvel, P. (1932) Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 12 (1), 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1932">Fauvel (1932</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9FF85FF80FF869C7DFCD59FD54E3D" author="Fauvel" box="[1364,1424,799,823]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Fauvel, P. (1953) The Fauna of India, including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and Malaya. Annelida, Polychaeta. The Indian Press, Ltd, Allahabad. xii and 507 pp." type="book" year="1953">1953</bibRefCitation>
). However, preserved specimens usually have the abdomen deformed in a way that is difficult to ascertain noto- and neuropodial orientations.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9FF85FF80FF8698E8FCAD98114E75" author="Pillai" box="[449,596,871,895]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Pillai, T. G. (1965) Annelida Polychaeta from the Philippines and Indonesia. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Sciences), 5 (2), 112 - 177." type="journal article" year="1965">Pillai (1965)</bibRefCitation>
reports specimens with ventral branchiae and points out that Fauvel’s drawing was upside down. Examination of the
<typeStatus id="54833CD6FF80FF869B8BFC4699414EAE" box="[674,772,908,932]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is necessary to verify if the branchiae are dorsal or ventral.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B878274FF80FF8699EEFC659F004995" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
The peristomium of
<taxonomicName id="4C38F9F7FF80FF86989AFC7A98D14EC2" box="[435,660,944,968]" class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Capitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="singularis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94C5E66FF80FF86989AFC7A98D14EC2" box="[435,660,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Capitella singularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27FE31DFF80FF869BB4FC6599584ECD" box="[669,797,943,967]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, forms a complete ring (assumed to be fused in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9FF85FF80FF869C63FC7A9AA44EE6" author="Warren" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Warren, L. M. (1976) A review of the genus Capitella (Polychaeta Capitellidae). Journal of Zoology, 180, 195 - 205." type="journal article" year="1976">Warren (1976)</bibRefCitation>
but specimens examined herein and drawings in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9FF85FF80FF869A23FC1E99ED4EE6" author="Fauvel" box="[778,936,980,1004]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Fauvel, P. (1932) Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 12 (1), 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1932">Fauvel (1932)</bibRefCitation>
show otherwise), as opposed to being partly or completely fused with the prostomium as in other
<taxonomicName id="4C38F9F7FF80FF869A3CFC329938491A" box="[789,893,1016,1040]" class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Capitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94C5E66FF80FF869A3CFC329938491A" box="[789,893,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Capitella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C38F9F7FF80FF869DA5FC329F11491A" box="[1164,1364,1016,1040]" class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Capitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minima">
<emphasis id="B94C5E66FF80FF869DA5FC329F11491A" box="[1164,1364,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Capitella minima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The anterior thoracic chaetigers may be multiannulated in
<taxonomicName id="4C38F9F7FF80FF869BDEFBD799CD493E" box="[759,904,1052,1076]" class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Capitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="singularis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94C5E66FF80FF869BDEFBD799CD493E" box="[759,904,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. singularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27FE31DFF80FF869AB9FBD69E48493E" box="[912,1037,1052,1076]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and seem to be always biannulated in other
<taxonomicName id="4C38F9F7FF80FF8699DDFB8A9B194952" box="[244,348,1088,1112]" class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Capitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94C5E66FF80FF8699DDFB8A9B194952" box="[244,348,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Capitella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9FF85FF80FF8698EBFBF5981C495D" author="Fauvel" box="[450,601,1087,1111]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Fauvel, P. (1932) Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 12 (1), 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1932">Fauvel (1932</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9FF85FF80FF869B4CFBF598DB495D" author="Fauvel" box="[613,670,1087,1111]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Fauvel, P. (1953) The Fauna of India, including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and Malaya. Annelida, Polychaeta. The Indian Press, Ltd, Allahabad. xii and 507 pp." type="book" year="1953">1953</bibRefCitation>
) states that the thorax has only seven chaetigers, not considering the modified segments as being thoracic. Female individuals were not described in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9FF85FF80FF869D3FFBAE9EE84976" author="Fauvel" box="[1046,1197,1124,1148]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Fauvel, P. (1932) Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 12 (1), 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1932">Fauvel (1932</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9FF85FF80FF869D90FBAE9EB74976" author="Fauvel" box="[1209,1266,1124,1148]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Fauvel, P. (1953) The Fauna of India, including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and Malaya. Annelida, Polychaeta. The Indian Press, Ltd, Allahabad. xii and 507 pp." type="book" year="1953">1953</bibRefCitation>
) nor were they found in the Hawaiian material; therefore, hermaphroditism may occur in
<taxonomicName id="4C38F9F7FF80FF869AFDFB429E2049AA" box="[980,1125,1160,1184]" class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Capitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="singularis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94C5E66FF80FF869AFDFB429E2049AA" box="[980,1125,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. singularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27FE31DFF80FF869D45FB4D9EAD49AA" box="[1132,1256,1159,1184]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
as well.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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