269 lines
24 KiB
XML
269 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac006" ID-GBIF-Dataset="88107fae-d856-4c21-ab22-3f906abe8d30" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7037718" ID-ZooBank="A02EF0F4-008F-4974-9C87-9D738CD1B6E8" checkinTime="1661767601125" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Carle, Danielle Božena De, Gajda, Łukasz, Bielecki, Aleksander, Cios, Stanisław, Cichocka, Joanna M., Golden, Heidi E., Gryska, Andrew D., Sokolov, Sergey, Shedko, Marina Borisowna, Knudsen, Rune, Utevsky, Serge, Świątek, Piotr & Tessler, Michael" docDate="2022" docId="03835D2CFFDDFFDFD5B8DD9015A13D5A" docLanguage="en" docName="zlac006.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.6:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Paracanthobdella livanowi" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="162" masterDocId="FFBA2554FFD1FFD1D529D948110D3A34" masterDocTitle="Recent evolution of ancient Arctic leech relatives: systematics of Acanthobdellida" masterLastPageNumber="168" masterPageNumber="149" pageNumber="161" updateTime="1661949068638" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Recent evolution of ancient Arctic leech relatives: systematics of Acanthobdellida</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Carle, Danielle Božena De</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gajda, Łukasz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bielecki, Aleksander</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cios, Stanisław</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cichocka, Joanna M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Golden, Heidi E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gryska, Andrew D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sokolov, Sergey</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Shedko, Marina Borisowna</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Knudsen, Rune</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Utevsky, Serge</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Świątek, Piotr</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Tessler, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>196</mods:number>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac006</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">88107fae-d856-4c21-ab22-3f906abe8d30</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="199901916" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03835D2CFFDDFFDFD5B8DD9015A13D5A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03835D2CFFDDFFDFD5B8DD9015A13D5A" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
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<subSubSection box="[145,732,1240,1262]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[145,732,1240,1262]" box="[145,732,1240,1262]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
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<heading box="[145,732,1240,1262]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" reason="2">
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<emphasis box="[145,234,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Species:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="(Epstein, 1966)" baseAuthorityName="Epstein" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[247,732,1240,1262]" family="Acanthobdellidae" genus="Paracanthobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acanthobdellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="livanowi">
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<emphasis box="[247,552,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Paracanthobdella livanowi</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Epstein VM" box="[567,724,1240,1262]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="955 - 958" refId="ref12511" refString="Epstein VM. 1966. Acanthobdella livanowi sp. n. - a new species of the ancient leeches (Archihirudinea) from Kamchatka. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 168: 955 - 958." type="journal article" year="1966">Epstein, 1966</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[248,658,1322,1347]" box="[248,658,1322,1347]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">NOTES ON OUR TAXONOMIC SCHEME</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="12.[145,762,1362,1906]" lastBlockId="12.[809,1426,1302,1907]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
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Here, we present a taxonomic scheme for hookfaced fish worms (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Livanow" authorityYear="1905" box="[384,597,1393,1415]" class="Clitellata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acanthobdellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Annelida" rank="order">Acanthobdellida</taxonomicName>
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). Despite its historical significance, we do not retain the family
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<taxonomicName box="[145,396,1454,1476]" family="Paracanthobdellidae" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" rank="family">Paracanthobdellidae</taxonomicName>
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for
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Epstein" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[450,585,1454,1476]" genus="Paracanthobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="livanowi">
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<emphasis box="[450,585,1454,1476]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">P. livanowi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, because both morphological and molecular analyses suggest that the two acanthobdellidan species share many characteristics. Initially,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Livanow" authorityYear="1905" box="[478,701,1546,1568]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthobdellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acanthobdellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Acanthobdellidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[145,389,1577,1599]" family="Paracanthobdellidae" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" rank="family">Paracanthobdellidae</taxonomicName>
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were differentiated based on a few morphological differences that were viewed as taxonomically important (
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<bibRefCitation author="Epstein VM" box="[446,603,1638,1660]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="340 - 372" refId="ref12546" refString="Epstein VM. 1987. Tip KOLCHATYE CHEVRI - Annelida [Phylum RINGED WORMS - Annelida]. In: Bauer ON, ed. Opredelitel parazitov presnovodnykh ryb fauny SSSR [Identification key to parasites of the freshwater fishes of the fauna of the USSR]. Leningrad: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskii Institut, Izdatelstvo Nauka, 340 - 372." type="book chapter" year="1987">Epstein, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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). Specifically, members of
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<taxonomicName box="[285,521,1669,1691]" family="Paracanthobdellidae" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" rank="family">Paracanthobdellidae</taxonomicName>
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were said to possess a primitive prostomium and well-developed anterior sucker. Although the two-family system seemed well supported at the time, we have found that the prostomium of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Epstein" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[331,461,1792,1814]" genus="Paracanthobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="livanowi">
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<emphasis box="[331,461,1792,1814]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">P. livanowi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is not more conspicuous or developed than the anterior region of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1851" box="[624,754,1822,1844]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthobdellidae" genus="Acanthobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acanthobdellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="peledina">
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<emphasis box="[624,754,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">A. peledina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Moreover, the area between rows of chaetae in the cephalic extremity of the latter can be deepened such that it resembles a shallow sucker. It should also be noted that juvenile individuals of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Epstein" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[1297,1424,1333,1355]" genus="Paracanthobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="livanowi">
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<emphasis box="[1297,1424,1333,1355]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">P. livanowi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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do not bear well-developed anterior suckers; this character is only common to large-bodied individuals of the species. The sum of this evidence suggests that the morphological differences between the two acanthobdellidan species, although pronounced, are not sufficient to warrant two families. We therefore classify both
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1851" box="[972,1146,1547,1568]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthobdellidae" genus="Acanthobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acanthobdellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[972,1146,1547,1568]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Acanthobdella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Epstein" authorityYear="1987" box="[1211,1425,1547,1568]" genus="Paracanthobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1211,1425,1547,1568]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Paracanthobdella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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under the single family
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Livanow" authorityYear="1905" box="[1080,1281,1578,1600]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthobdellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acanthobdellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Acanthobdellidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="12.[809,1426,1302,1907]" lastBlockId="13.[163,780,1539,1899]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
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We establish a new suborder
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<taxonomicName box="[1162,1397,1609,1631]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Acanthobdelliformes">Acanthobdelliformes</taxonomicName>
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to match better the taxonomy erected for Hirudinea in prior work (
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<bibRefCitation author="Tessler M & de Carle D & Voiklis ML & Gresham OA & Neumann JS & Cios S & Siddall ME" box="[882,1109,1670,1692]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="129 - 134" refId="ref13976" refString="Tessler M, de Carle D, Voiklis ML, Gresham OA, Neumann JS, Cios S, Siddall ME. 2018 a. Worms that suck: phylogenetic analysis of Hirudinea solidifies the position of Acanthobdellida and necessitates the dissolution of Rhynchobdellida. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 127: 129 - 134." type="journal article" year="2018">
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Tessler
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<emphasis box="[971,1027,1670,1692]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2018a
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</bibRefCitation>
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), which divided Hirudinida (leeches) into five suborders (Americobdelliformes, Erpobdelliformes, Hirudiniformes, Glossiphoniiformes and Oceanobdelliformes).
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<taxonomicName box="[1136,1393,1762,1784]" class="Clitellata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acanthobdellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Annelida" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Acanthobdelliformes">Acanthobdelliformes</taxonomicName>
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is defined by the presence of chaetae on each of five contiguous segments in the anterior body region, and 31 segments (mid-body ones are quadrannulate with annulus a3 being subdivided) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Sawyer RT" box="[1257,1418,1885,1907]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" refId="ref13825" refString="Sawyer RT. 1986. Leech biology and behaviour. Wotton-under- Edge: Clarendon Press." type="book" year="1986">Sawyer, 1986</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Purschke G & Westheide W & Rohde D & Brinkhurst RO" box="[163,407,1539,1561]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="91 - 101" refId="ref13704" refString="Purschke G, Westheide W, Rohde D, Brinkhurst RO. 1993. Morphological reinvestigation and phylogenetic relationship of Acanthobdella peledina (Annelida, Clitellata). Zoomorphology 113: 91 - 101." type="journal article" year="1993">
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Purschke
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<emphasis box="[279,337,1539,1561]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
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, 1993
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Bielecki A & Cichocka JM & Jelen I & Swiatek P & Plachno BJ & Pikula D" box="[421,649,1539,1561]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="528 - 539" refId="ref12087" refString="Bielecki A, Cichocka JM, Jelen I, Swiatek P, Plachno BJ, Pikula D. 2014. New data about the functional morphology of the chaetiferous leech-like annelids Acanthobdella peledina (Grube, 1851) and Paracanthobdella livanowi (Epshtein, 1966) (Clitellata, Acanthobdellida). Journal of Morphology 275: 528 - 539." type="journal article" year="2014">
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Bielecki
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<emphasis box="[522,580,1539,1561]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Although previous studies have reported different numbers of segments for each acanthobdellidan species (e.g. 29 for
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1851" box="[243,416,1631,1652]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthobdellidae" genus="Acanthobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acanthobdellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[243,416,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">Acanthobdella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and 30 for
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Epstein" authorityYear="1987" box="[560,772,1631,1652]" genus="Paracanthobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[560,772,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">Paracanthobdella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bielecki A & Cichocka JM & Jelen I & Swiatek P & Plachno BJ & Pikula D" box="[163,391,1662,1684]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="528 - 539" refId="ref12087" refString="Bielecki A, Cichocka JM, Jelen I, Swiatek P, Plachno BJ, Pikula D. 2014. New data about the functional morphology of the chaetiferous leech-like annelids Acanthobdella peledina (Grube, 1851) and Paracanthobdella livanowi (Epshtein, 1966) (Clitellata, Acanthobdellida). Journal of Morphology 275: 528 - 539." type="journal article" year="2014">
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Bielecki
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<emphasis box="[264,322,1662,1684]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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), this discrepancy is attributable to presumed differences in the number of segments that comprise the posterior sucker, which should be substantiated by a careful morphological analysis in the future.
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</paragraph>
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||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7037738" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7037738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7037738/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" startId="13.[164,244,1385,1407]" targetBox="[243,1363,195,1345]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[163,1444,1385,1495]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[164,270,1385,1407]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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Scanning electron micrographs of the anterior body region. A, B, small specimens of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1851" box="[1191,1443,1385,1407]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthobdellidae" genus="Acanthobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acanthobdellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="peledina">
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<emphasis box="[1191,1443,1385,1407]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">Acanthobdella peledina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(5 mm; Sweden; A) and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Epstein" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[406,683,1414,1436]" genus="Paracanthobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="livanowi">
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<emphasis box="[406,683,1414,1436]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">Paracanthobdella livanowi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(3.5 mm; B). C, D, large specimens of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1851" box="[1071,1185,1414,1436]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthobdellidae" genus="Acanthobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acanthobdellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="peledina">
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<emphasis box="[1071,1185,1414,1436]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">A. peledina</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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(12 mm; Norway; C) and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Epstein" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[163,275,1444,1466]" genus="Paracanthobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="livanowi">
|
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<emphasis box="[163,275,1444,1466]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">P. livanowi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(11 mm; Kamchatka; D). In the large
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Epstein" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[664,777,1444,1466]" genus="Paracanthobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="livanowi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[664,777,1444,1466]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">P. livanowi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen, body segmentation and chaetae in the anterior sucker are barely visible. Arrow, mouth opening; Arabic numerals 1–5 indicate rows of chaetae; d, deepening between pairs of chaetae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[163,780,1539,1899]" lastBlockId="13.[827,1444,1539,1899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">
|
||
The higher taxonomy (class through order) follows our prior classification scheme (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tessler M & de Carle D & Voiklis ML & Gresham OA & Neumann JS & Cios S & Siddall ME" box="[533,764,1846,1868]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="129 - 134" refId="ref13976" refString="Tessler M, de Carle D, Voiklis ML, Gresham OA, Neumann JS, Cios S, Siddall ME. 2018 a. Worms that suck: phylogenetic analysis of Hirudinea solidifies the position of Acanthobdellida and necessitates the dissolution of Rhynchobdellida. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 127: 129 - 134." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Tessler
|
||
<emphasis box="[624,681,1846,1868]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2018a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Others have constructed alternative schemes, but we feel ours to be internally more consistent and phylogenetically appropriate. Alternative classifications include subclass
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Livanow, 1905" authorityName="Livanow" authorityYear="1905" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" rank="subClass" subClass="Acanthobdellidea">Acanthobdellidea Livanow, 1905</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Archihirudinea Lukin, 1956 is an equivalent synonym) and subclass
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Epstein, 1987)" baseAuthorityName="Epstein" baseAuthorityYear="1987" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" rank="subClass" subClass="Acanthobdelliones">
|
||
Acanthobdelliones (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Epstein VM" box="[835,994,1693,1715]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="340 - 372" refId="ref12546" refString="Epstein VM. 1987. Tip KOLCHATYE CHEVRI - Annelida [Phylum RINGED WORMS - Annelida]. In: Bauer ON, ed. Opredelitel parazitov presnovodnykh ryb fauny SSSR [Identification key to parasites of the freshwater fishes of the fauna of the USSR]. Leningrad: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskii Institut, Izdatelstvo Nauka, 340 - 372." type="book chapter" year="1987">Epstein, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[827,1444,1539,1899]" lastBlockId="14.[809,1425,1757,1902]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">
|
||
It is important to note that the two acanthobdellidan species were originally in the same genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Epstein VM" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="955 - 958" refId="ref12511" refString="Epstein VM. 1966. Acanthobdella livanowi sp. n. - a new species of the ancient leeches (Archihirudinea) from Kamchatka. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 168: 955 - 958." type="journal article" year="1966">Epstein, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, in the late 1980s,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Epstein" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[1253,1387,1785,1806]" genus="Paracanthobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="livanowi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1253,1387,1785,1806]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">P. livanowi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was given its own genus and even family (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Epstein VM" box="[1269,1428,1815,1837]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="340 - 372" refId="ref12546" refString="Epstein VM. 1987. Tip KOLCHATYE CHEVRI - Annelida [Phylum RINGED WORMS - Annelida]. In: Bauer ON, ed. Opredelitel parazitov presnovodnykh ryb fauny SSSR [Identification key to parasites of the freshwater fishes of the fauna of the USSR]. Leningrad: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskii Institut, Izdatelstvo Nauka, 340 - 372." type="book chapter" year="1987">Epstein, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Ultimately, the decision to classify a monophyletic lineage of two species into one vs. two genera and/or families is subjective. We have decided to retain the genus-level classification proposed by Dr Epstein (rather than lump them) to honour his contributions to the study of Hirudinea and accentuate the differentiation of the anterior sucker, chaetae and internal anatomy that separates these species. This is also in concordance with the suggestions in the most recent, broad morphological comparison paper (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bielecki A & Cichocka JM & Jelen I & Swiatek P & Plachno BJ & Pikula D" box="[818,1064,1849,1871]" pageId="14" pageNumber="163" pagination="528 - 539" refId="ref12087" refString="Bielecki A, Cichocka JM, Jelen I, Swiatek P, Plachno BJ, Pikula D. 2014. New data about the functional morphology of the chaetiferous leech-like annelids Acanthobdella peledina (Grube, 1851) and Paracanthobdella livanowi (Epshtein, 1966) (Clitellata, Acanthobdellida). Journal of Morphology 275: 528 - 539." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Bielecki
|
||
<emphasis box="[926,989,1849,1871]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="163">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); see
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1138,1229,1849,1871]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[163,227,196,217]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of important morphological features, distribution, ecology and COI distances between Acanthobdellida species" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF55BCB2FFD2FFD2D58AD98C10933AC3" pageId="14" pageNumber="163" tableUuid="DF55BCB2FFD2FFD2D58AD98C10933AC3">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
for some of the differences between these species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |