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<document id="29FCD3A5E1EBC25B9A84833108A50CE5" ID-CLB-Dataset="299622" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.11513175" ID-GBIF-Dataset="df93398d-58f3-42f9-a866-efb0cd2debcd" ID-ISSN="0068-547X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11513175" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1717720859923" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Griswold, Charles E." docDate="2022" docId="03B487984B6AFFBF2892949FE09AF4B9" docLanguage="en" docName="ProcCalifAcadSci.67.14.329-355.pdf" docOrigin="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 67 (14)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B.2:ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B" docStyleName="ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Phyxelididae Lehtinen 1967" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="332" masterDocId="FF8DFFE04B68FFBB29449062E261F56A" masterDocTitle="The Lace Web Spider Genus Vytfutia Deeleman-Reinhold (Araneae, Phyxelididae) in the Indo-Pacific Region" masterLastPageNumber="355" masterPageNumber="329" pageNumber="331" updateTime="1720490751199" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="61B7086FEE4A544DCD172BE1AB55BBAF">The Lace Web Spider Genus Vytfutia Deeleman-Reinhold (Araneae, Phyxelididae) in the Indo-Pacific Region</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03B487984B6AFFBF2892949FE09AF4B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513013" ID-GBIF-Taxon="234981474" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11513013" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B487984B6AFFBF2892949FE09AF4B9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487984B6AFFBF2892949FE09AF4B9" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="332" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">
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<paragraph id="8BA2368E4B6AFFB92892949FE15BF07D" blockId="2.[470,826,1277,1303]" box="[470,826,1277,1303]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">
<heading id="D0EA81E24B6AFFB92892949FE15BF07D" bold="true" box="[470,826,1277,1303]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" reason="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6AFFB92892949FE15BF07D" ID-CoL="625KV" authority="Lehtinen, 1967" authorityName="Lehtinen" authorityYear="1967" box="[470,826,1277,1303]" class="Arachnida" family="Phyxelididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B969EA9C4B6AFFB92892949FE15BF07D" bold="true" box="[470,826,1277,1303]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">
Phyxelididae
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B7F4B6AFFB92B3B949FE15BF07D" author="LEHTINEN, P. T." box="[639,826,1277,1303]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" pagination="199 - 468" refId="ref12339" refString="LEHTINEN, P. T. 1967. Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4: 199 - 468." type="journal article" year="1967">Lehtinen, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0D11A04B6AFFB9285F9558E185F006" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6AFFB9285F9558E3C5F025" ID-CoL="698" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1870" box="[283,420,1338,1359]" class="Arachnida" family="Amaurobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Amaurobiidae</taxonomicName>
Phyxelidinae
<treatmentCitation id="0ABC109F4B6AFFB92B6B9558E094F025" author="LEHTINEN, P. T." box="[559,757,1338,1359]" page="328" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B7F4B6AFFB92B6B9558E094F025" author="LEHTINEN, P. T." box="[559,757,1338,1359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" pagination="199 - 468" refId="ref12339" refString="LEHTINEN, P. T. 1967. Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4: 199 - 468." type="journal article" year="1967">Lehtinen, 1967: 328</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B7F4B6AFFB92BBB9558E1F9F025" author="GRISWOLD, C. E." box="[767,920,1338,1359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" pagination="1 - 206" refId="ref11937" refString="GRISWOLD, C. E. 1990. A revision and phylogenetic analysis of the spider subfamily Phyxelidinae (Araneae, Amaurobiidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 196: 1 - 206." type="journal article" year="1990">Griswold, 1990</bibRefCitation>
. Elevated from subfamily of
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6AFFB928A59535E00BF006" ID-CoL="698" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1870" box="[481,618,1367,1388]" class="Arachnida" family="Amaurobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Amaurobiidae</taxonomicName>
to family and placed as sister group of
</treatmentCitationGroup>
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0D11A04B6AFFB929BC9516E678F0E3" box="[248,1049,1396,1417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6AFFB929BC9516E312F0E3" ID-CoL="626PB" authorityName="Lehtinen" authorityYear="1967" box="[248,371,1396,1417]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Titanoecidae</taxonomicName>
by Griswold
<emphasis id="B969EA9C4B6AFFB928BC9516E043F0E3" box="[504,546,1396,1417]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">et al</emphasis>
., 1999: 59. Discussion in
<treatmentCitation id="0ABC109F4B6AFFB92A649516E674F0E3" author="GRISWOLD, C. E. &amp; RAMIREZ, M. J. &amp; CODDINGTON, J. A. &amp; AND PLATNICK, N. I." box="[800,1045,1396,1417]" page="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B7F4B6AFFB92A649516E674F0E3" author="GRISWOLD, C. E. &amp; RAMIREZ, M. J. &amp; CODDINGTON, J. A. &amp; AND PLATNICK, N. I." box="[800,1045,1396,1417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" pagination="1 - 324" refId="ref12029" refString="GRISWOLD, C. E., RAMIREZ, M. J., CODDINGTON, J. A. AND PLATNICK, N. I. 2005. Atlas of phylogenetic data for entelegyne spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae: Entelegynae) with comments on their phylogeny. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, ser. 4, 56 (Suppl. II): 1 - 324." type="journal article" year="2005">
Griswold
<emphasis id="B969EA9C4B6AFFB92AC59516E1D3F0E3" box="[897,946,1396,1417]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">et al.</emphasis>
, 2005: 35
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30765054B6AFFB829EF95C7E3ECF49E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="332" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA2368E4B6AFFB929EF95C7E2ACF337" blockId="2.[123,1174,1445,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">
<emphasis id="B969EA9C4B6AFFB929EF95C7E343F0D6" bold="true" box="[171,290,1445,1468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Entelegyne, cribellate spiders with thorn-like setae located probasally on both the female and male palpal femora (
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6AFFB928A095A7E053F0B6" box="[484,562,1477,1500]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="16.[155,167,1044,1063]" captionTargetBox="[121,1174,217,1025]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[120,1176,216,1026]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, CASENT9023842, female, morphology photos. 1. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing chelicerae and palps. 2. PME, dorsal, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 3. ALE and PLE, lateral, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 4. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing AER, clypeus and chilum. 5. Trochanter I. 6. Trochanter IV. 7. Posterior margin of carapace and pedicel, dorsal. 8. Left metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistrum. 9. Left palp, prolateral, arrows to probasal thorns. 10. Left leg I, prolateral. 11. Left leg IV, retrolateral. Scale bars, 1, 8, 9, 10, 11 = 0.5 mm, 2, 3, 4 = 0.25 mm, 5, 6, 7 = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513179/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6AFFB92B0595A7E0EBF0B6" box="[577,650,1477,1500]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="24.[155,167,765,784]" captionTargetBox="[120,1173,216,746]" captionTargetId="figure-19@24.[120,1176,216,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 50–55. Vytfutia halandrefana new species, Berenty, CASENT9012420, female legs and palps, SEM. 50. Metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistrum. 51. Metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistral setae. 52. Tarsus IV, apical, showing STC and ITC. 53. Palpal femur, anterolateral, showing thorns (arrow). 54. Palpal femur, anterolateral thorn, close up. 55. Tarsus IV, retrolateral showing STC and ITC. Scale bars: 50, 300 µm; 51, 20 µm, 52, 55, 50 µm, 53, 200 µm, 54, 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513205/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">53, 54</figureCitation>
), a calamistrum that originates medially on the female metatarsus
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE4B4B6AFFB9280C9587E305F096" box="[328,356,1509,1532]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">IV</collectionCode>
(
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6AFFB928309587E3A3F096" box="[372,450,1509,1532]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="16.[155,167,1044,1063]" captionTargetBox="[121,1174,217,1025]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[120,1176,216,1026]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, CASENT9023842, female, morphology photos. 1. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing chelicerae and palps. 2. PME, dorsal, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 3. ALE and PLE, lateral, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 4. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing AER, clypeus and chilum. 5. Trochanter I. 6. Trochanter IV. 7. Posterior margin of carapace and pedicel, dorsal. 8. Left metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistrum. 9. Left palp, prolateral, arrows to probasal thorns. 10. Left leg I, prolateral. 11. Left leg IV, retrolateral. Scale bars, 1, 8, 9, 10, 11 = 0.5 mm, 2, 3, 4 = 0.25 mm, 5, 6, 7 = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513179/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6AFFB928949587E38FF096" box="[464,494,1509,1532]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="24.[155,167,765,784]" captionTargetBox="[120,1173,216,746]" captionTargetId="figure-19@24.[120,1176,216,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 50–55. Vytfutia halandrefana new species, Berenty, CASENT9012420, female legs and palps, SEM. 50. Metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistrum. 51. Metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistral setae. 52. Tarsus IV, apical, showing STC and ITC. 53. Palpal femur, anterolateral, showing thorns (arrow). 54. Palpal femur, anterolateral thorn, close up. 55. Tarsus IV, retrolateral showing STC and ITC. Scale bars: 50, 300 µm; 51, 20 µm, 52, 55, 50 µm, 53, 200 µm, 54, 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513205/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">50</figureCitation>
),
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paracribellar spigots that encircle the spinneret margin anteriorly and that are crowded together such that the bases are laterally flattened (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B7F4B6AFFB92AA99667E2D2F357" author="GRISWOLD, C. E. &amp; RAMIREZ, M. J. &amp; CODDINGTON, J. A. &amp; AND PLATNICK, N. I." pageId="2" pageNumber="331" pagination="1 - 324" refId="ref12029" refString="GRISWOLD, C. E., RAMIREZ, M. J., CODDINGTON, J. A. AND PLATNICK, N. I. 2005. Atlas of phylogenetic data for entelegyne spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae: Entelegynae) with comments on their phylogeny. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, ser. 4, 56 (Suppl. II): 1 - 324." type="journal article" year="2005">
Griswold
<emphasis id="B969EA9C4B6AFFB92D1D9667E6F7F376" box="[1113,1174,1541,1564]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">et al.,</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 46C) and male metatarsus I modified with apparent clasping structures (
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6AFFB92D4E9644E6F0F357" box="[1034,1169,1574,1597]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="19.[155,167,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1100]" captionTargetId="figure-24@19.[120,1176,216,1100]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 26–30. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Holotype male, Mt. Kinabalu, CASENT9023842, habitus photos. 26. Carapace, dorsal. 27. Dorsal. 28. Ventral. 29. Cephalothorax, ventral. 30. Lateral. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513191/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Figs. 27, 28</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6AFFB9293F9624E2A3F337" box="[123,194,1606,1629]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="25.[155,167,1487,1506]" captionTargetBox="[153,1147,252,1446]" captionTargetId="figure-24@25.[120,1176,216,1475]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 56–61. Vytfutia spp., male leg I with clasping modification of metatarsus. 56, 58, 61. Dorsal. 57, 59, 60. Retrolateral. 56, 57. Vytfutia bedel Deeleman-Reinhold, 1986, Holotype male from Gunung Leuser, border of National Park at Bohorok in primary rainforest, N. Sumatra, Indonesia, left. 58, 59. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Holotype male from the wall of a building at 1550m elevation on Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah-Borneo, Malaysia, CASENT9023842, right. 60, 61. Vytfutia pallens Deeleman-Reinhold, 1989, male paratype from Niah Cave, Sarawak, Malaysia, right. Scale bar = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513207/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">56–61</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2368E4B6AFFB829EF9604E3ECF49E" blockId="2.[123,1174,1445,1725]" lastBlockId="3.[123,1175,220,1725]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="332" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">
<emphasis id="B969EA9C4B6AFFB929EF9604E306F317" bold="true" box="[171,359,1638,1661]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Synapomophies:</emphasis>
Synapomorphies for the family implied by the phylogenetic analysis of
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B7F4B6AFFB9293F96E4E0D7F3F7" author="GRISWOLD, C. E. &amp; RAMIREZ, M. J. &amp; CODDINGTON, J. A. &amp; AND PLATNICK, N. I." box="[123,694,1670,1693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" pagination="1 - 324" refId="ref12029" refString="GRISWOLD, C. E., RAMIREZ, M. J., CODDINGTON, J. A. AND PLATNICK, N. I. 2005. Atlas of phylogenetic data for entelegyne spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae: Entelegynae) with comments on their phylogeny. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, ser. 4, 56 (Suppl. II): 1 - 324." type="journal article" year="2005">Griswold, Ramírez, Coddington and Platnick (2005)</bibRefCitation>
were thorn-like setae located probasally on both the female and male palpal femora, a calamistrum that originates medially on the female metatarsus
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE4B4B6BFFB829B090BEE371F599" box="[244,272,220,243]" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">IV</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE4B4B6BFFB8285F90BEE331F599" box="[283,336,220,243]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9hjz-r0xi" name="Peabody Essex Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">PMS</collectionCode>
paracribellar spigots that encircle the spinneret margin anteriorly and that are crowded together such that the bases are laterally flattened, and male metatarsus I modified with apparent clasping structures. In their analysis (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B7F4B6BFFB82BC2917EE11AF459" author="GRISWOLD, C. E. &amp; RAMIREZ, M. J. &amp; CODDINGTON, J. A. &amp; AND PLATNICK, N. I." box="[646,891,284,307]" pageId="3" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 324" refId="ref12029" refString="GRISWOLD, C. E., RAMIREZ, M. J., CODDINGTON, J. A. AND PLATNICK, N. I. 2005. Atlas of phylogenetic data for entelegyne spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae: Entelegynae) with comments on their phylogeny. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, ser. 4, 56 (Suppl. II): 1 - 324." type="journal article" year="2005">
Griswold
<emphasis id="B969EA9C4B6BFFB82BB2917EE156F459" box="[758,823,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">et al.,</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
), further synapomorphies united the tribes Phyxelidini and Vidoleini: a bilaterally divided chilum and branched median tracheae. Other potential synapomorphies uniting Phyxelidini and Vidoleini include epiandrous spigots separated into two bunches (Griswold et el., 2005, figs. 160A, B) and a conspicuous, enlarged, dark seta arising laterally from the tip of the PLS (
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB82BB391FFE127F4DE" box="[759,838,413,436]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="16.[155,167,1550,1569]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,1223,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-157@16.[120,1176,1223,1537]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 12–14. Spinnerets of female Phyxelididae. 12, 13. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, CASENT9023842. 14. Ambohima ranohira Griswold, Wood and Carmichael, 2012, Ranohira, Madagascar, CASENT9019986. 12, 14. Ventral. 13. Lateral. Arrow and inset in 14 to stout, curved apicodorsal seta, which occurs in Phyxelidini and Vidoleini but not in Vytfutiini. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513181/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6BFFB82A1C91FFE1CBF4DE" authorityName="Deeleman-Reinhold" authorityYear="1986" box="[856,938,413,436]" class="Arachnida" family="Phyxelididae" genus="Vytfutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969EA9C4B6BFFB82A1C91FFE1CBF4DE" box="[856,938,413,436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Vytfutia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have an entire chilum (
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB829C791DFE2A2F4BE" box="[131,195,445,468]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="16.[155,167,1044,1063]" captionTargetBox="[121,1174,217,1025]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[120,1176,216,1026]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, CASENT9023842, female, morphology photos. 1. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing chelicerae and palps. 2. PME, dorsal, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 3. ALE and PLE, lateral, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 4. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing AER, clypeus and chilum. 5. Trochanter I. 6. Trochanter IV. 7. Posterior margin of carapace and pedicel, dorsal. 8. Left metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistrum. 9. Left palp, prolateral, arrows to probasal thorns. 10. Left leg I, prolateral. 11. Left leg IV, retrolateral. Scale bars, 1, 8, 9, 10, 11 = 0.5 mm, 2, 3, 4 = 0.25 mm, 5, 6, 7 = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513179/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) and lack epiandrous spigots and also lack enlarged, dark seta arising laterally from the tip of the PLS (
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB829B991BFE3E1F49E" box="[253,384,477,500]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="16.[155,167,1550,1569]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,1223,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-157@16.[120,1176,1223,1537]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 12–14. Spinnerets of female Phyxelididae. 12, 13. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, CASENT9023842. 14. Ambohima ranohira Griswold, Wood and Carmichael, 2012, Ranohira, Madagascar, CASENT9019986. 12, 14. Ventral. 13. Lateral. Arrow and inset in 14 to stout, curved apicodorsal seta, which occurs in Phyxelidini and Vidoleini but not in Vytfutiini. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513181/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Figs. 12, 13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30765054B6BFFBF29EF919CE09AF4B9" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="333" pageId="3" pageNumber="332" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA2368E4B6BFFBF29EF919CE09AF4B9" blockId="3.[123,1175,220,1725]" lastBlockId="4.[123,1174,220,467]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="333" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">
<emphasis id="B969EA9C4B6BFFB829EF919CE383F77F" bold="true" box="[171,482,510,533]" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">
Description: (
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6BFFB82801919CE3BAF77F" authorityName="Lehtinen" authorityYear="1967" box="[325,475,510,533]" class="Arachnida" family="Phyxelididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phyxelididae</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
Eight eyes in two nearly straight rows (
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB82ACD919CE18BF77F" box="[905,1002,510,533]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="16.[155,167,1044,1063]" captionTargetBox="[121,1174,217,1025]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[120,1176,216,1026]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, CASENT9023842, female, morphology photos. 1. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing chelicerae and palps. 2. PME, dorsal, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 3. ALE and PLE, lateral, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 4. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing AER, clypeus and chilum. 5. Trochanter I. 6. Trochanter IV. 7. Posterior margin of carapace and pedicel, dorsal. 8. Left metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistrum. 9. Left palp, prolateral, arrows to probasal thorns. 10. Left leg I, prolateral. 11. Left leg IV, retrolateral. Scale bars, 1, 8, 9, 10, 11 = 0.5 mm, 2, 3, 4 = 0.25 mm, 5, 6, 7 = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513179/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Figs. 1-4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB82AB2919CE672F77F" box="[1014,1043,510,533]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="19.[155,167,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1100]" captionTargetId="figure-24@19.[120,1176,216,1100]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 26–30. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Holotype male, Mt. Kinabalu, CASENT9023842, habitus photos. 26. Carapace, dorsal. 27. Dorsal. 28. Ventral. 29. Cephalothorax, ventral. 30. Lateral. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513191/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">26</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB82D59919CE65AF77F" box="[1053,1083,510,533]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="20.[155,167,1187,1206]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1170]" captionTargetId="figure-19@20.[120,1176,216,1170]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 31–35. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, CASENT9023842, female, habitus photos. 31. Dorsal. 32. Ventral. 33. Cephalothorax, ventral. 34. Cephalothorax, dorsal. 35. Cephalothorax, lateral. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513193/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">34</figureCitation>
), canoeshaped tapeta (
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB8285F927CE33DF75F" box="[283,348,542,565]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="16.[155,167,1044,1063]" captionTargetBox="[121,1174,217,1025]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[120,1176,216,1026]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, CASENT9023842, female, morphology photos. 1. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing chelicerae and palps. 2. PME, dorsal, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 3. ALE and PLE, lateral, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 4. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing AER, clypeus and chilum. 5. Trochanter I. 6. Trochanter IV. 7. Posterior margin of carapace and pedicel, dorsal. 8. Left metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistrum. 9. Left palp, prolateral, arrows to probasal thorns. 10. Left leg I, prolateral. 11. Left leg IV, retrolateral. Scale bars, 1, 8, 9, 10, 11 = 0.5 mm, 2, 3, 4 = 0.25 mm, 5, 6, 7 = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513179/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), chilum entire (
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6BFFB82B4A927CE018F75F" box="[526,633,542,565]" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Vytfutiini">Vytfutiini</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB82BC0927CE0A2F75F" box="[644,707,542,565]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="16.[155,167,1044,1063]" captionTargetBox="[121,1174,217,1025]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[120,1176,216,1026]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, CASENT9023842, female, morphology photos. 1. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing chelicerae and palps. 2. PME, dorsal, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 3. ALE and PLE, lateral, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 4. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing AER, clypeus and chilum. 5. Trochanter I. 6. Trochanter IV. 7. Posterior margin of carapace and pedicel, dorsal. 8. Left metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistrum. 9. Left palp, prolateral, arrows to probasal thorns. 10. Left leg I, prolateral. 11. Left leg IV, retrolateral. Scale bars, 1, 8, 9, 10, 11 = 0.5 mm, 2, 3, 4 = 0.25 mm, 5, 6, 7 = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513179/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) or divided (Phyxelidini, Vidoleini); endite with apical serrula; sternum shield-shaped, posteriorly blunt to pointed (
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB82ACD925CE182F73F" box="[905,995,574,597]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="18.[155,167,1051,1070]" captionTargetBox="[216,1080,216,1035]" captionTargetId="figure-19@18.[216,1080,216,1035]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Vytfutia halandrefana new species, female, Berenty, Madagascar, CASENT9012513, habitus photos. 20. Dorsal. 21. Ventral. 22. Left metatarsus-tarsus IV and apex of abdomen with spinnerets, ventral. 23. Epigynal region, dorsal. Scale bars 20–22 = 0.5 mm, 23 = 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513185/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Figs. 21</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB82AB4925CE66CF73F" box="[1008,1037,574,597]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="19.[155,167,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1100]" captionTargetId="figure-24@19.[120,1176,216,1100]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 26–30. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Holotype male, Mt. Kinabalu, CASENT9023842, habitus photos. 26. Carapace, dorsal. 27. Dorsal. 28. Ventral. 29. Cephalothorax, ventral. 30. Lateral. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513191/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">29</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB82D5D925CE656F73F" box="[1049,1079,574,597]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="20.[155,167,1187,1206]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1170]" captionTargetId="figure-19@20.[120,1176,216,1170]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 31–35. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, CASENT9023842, female, habitus photos. 31. Dorsal. 32. Ventral. 33. Cephalothorax, ventral. 34. Cephalothorax, dorsal. 35. Cephalothorax, lateral. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513193/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">32</figureCitation>
), labium free (
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB829F3923CE375F71F" box="[183,276,606,629]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="19.[155,167,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1100]" captionTargetId="figure-24@19.[120,1176,216,1100]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 26–30. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Holotype male, Mt. Kinabalu, CASENT9023842, habitus photos. 26. Carapace, dorsal. 27. Dorsal. 28. Ventral. 29. Cephalothorax, ventral. 30. Lateral. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513191/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Figs. 29</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB82867923CE320F71F" box="[291,321,606,629]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="20.[155,167,1187,1206]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1170]" captionTargetId="figure-19@20.[120,1176,216,1170]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 31–35. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, CASENT9023842, female, habitus photos. 31. Dorsal. 32. Ventral. 33. Cephalothorax, ventral. 34. Cephalothorax, dorsal. 35. Cephalothorax, lateral. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513193/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">33</figureCitation>
); tarsal trichobothria absent, with only a single, subapical trichobothrium on metatarsi, multiple dorsal trichobothria on tibiae, trichobothria with transverse ridges, tarsal organ capsulate with round orifice; setae plumose (
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB82B1992FDE169F7DC" box="[605,776,671,694]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="24.[155,167,765,784]" captionTargetBox="[120,1173,216,746]" captionTargetId="figure-19@24.[120,1176,216,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 50–55. Vytfutia halandrefana new species, Berenty, CASENT9012420, female legs and palps, SEM. 50. Metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistrum. 51. Metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistral setae. 52. Tarsus IV, apical, showing STC and ITC. 53. Palpal femur, anterolateral, showing thorns (arrow). 54. Palpal femur, anterolateral thorn, close up. 55. Tarsus IV, retrolateral showing STC and ITC. Scale bars: 50, 300 µm; 51, 20 µm, 52, 55, 50 µm, 53, 200 µm, 54, 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513205/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Figs. 52, 53, 55</figureCitation>
), rarely (
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6BFFB82A2892FDE1A4F7DC" authorityName="Lehtinen" authorityYear="1967" box="[876,965,671,694]" class="Arachnida" family="Phyxelididae" genus="Malaika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969EA9C4B6BFFB82A2892FDE1A4F7DC" box="[876,965,671,694]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Malaika</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) also with feathery scales; palpal femora of both sexes with probasal thorns comprising enlarged setal bases and/or thickened setae (
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB8287692BDE3E0F79C" box="[306,385,735,758]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="16.[155,167,1044,1063]" captionTargetBox="[121,1174,217,1025]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[120,1176,216,1026]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, CASENT9023842, female, morphology photos. 1. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing chelicerae and palps. 2. PME, dorsal, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 3. ALE and PLE, lateral, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 4. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing AER, clypeus and chilum. 5. Trochanter I. 6. Trochanter IV. 7. Posterior margin of carapace and pedicel, dorsal. 8. Left metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistrum. 9. Left palp, prolateral, arrows to probasal thorns. 10. Left leg I, prolateral. 11. Left leg IV, retrolateral. Scale bars, 1, 8, 9, 10, 11 = 0.5 mm, 2, 3, 4 = 0.25 mm, 5, 6, 7 = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513179/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB828CB92BDE3B9F79C" box="[399,472,735,758]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="24.[155,167,765,784]" captionTargetBox="[120,1173,216,746]" captionTargetId="figure-19@24.[120,1176,216,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 50–55. Vytfutia halandrefana new species, Berenty, CASENT9012420, female legs and palps, SEM. 50. Metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistrum. 51. Metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistral setae. 52. Tarsus IV, apical, showing STC and ITC. 53. Palpal femur, anterolateral, showing thorns (arrow). 54. Palpal femur, anterolateral thorn, close up. 55. Tarsus IV, retrolateral showing STC and ITC. Scale bars: 50, 300 µm; 51, 20 µm, 52, 55, 50 µm, 53, 200 µm, 54, 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513205/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">53, 54</figureCitation>
); femora to metatarsi of legs with spines (
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB82AEA92BDE650F79C" box="[942,1073,735,758]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="16.[155,167,1044,1063]" captionTargetBox="[121,1174,217,1025]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[120,1176,216,1026]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, CASENT9023842, female, morphology photos. 1. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing chelicerae and palps. 2. PME, dorsal, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 3. ALE and PLE, lateral, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 4. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing AER, clypeus and chilum. 5. Trochanter I. 6. Trochanter IV. 7. Posterior margin of carapace and pedicel, dorsal. 8. Left metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistrum. 9. Left palp, prolateral, arrows to probasal thorns. 10. Left leg I, prolateral. 11. Left leg IV, retrolateral. Scale bars, 1, 8, 9, 10, 11 = 0.5 mm, 2, 3, 4 = 0.25 mm, 5, 6, 7 = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513179/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Figs. 10, 11</figureCitation>
) in most species (
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6BFFB8299F929DE3A6F67C" authority="Griswold, 2022" authorityName="Griswold" authorityYear="2022" box="[219,455,767,790]" class="Arachnida" family="Phyxelididae" genus="Vytfutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halandrefana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EA9C4B6BFFB8299F929DE3A6F67C" box="[219,455,767,790]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Vytfutia halandrefana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A57E74B6BFFB82895929DE046F67C" box="[465,551,767,790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="332" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
have reduced spination); trochanters shorter than coxae (
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB829C79342E2BEF65D" box="[131,223,800,823]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="18.[155,167,1051,1070]" captionTargetBox="[216,1080,216,1035]" captionTargetId="figure-19@18.[216,1080,216,1035]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Vytfutia halandrefana new species, female, Berenty, Madagascar, CASENT9012513, habitus photos. 20. Dorsal. 21. Ventral. 22. Left metatarsus-tarsus IV and apex of abdomen with spinnerets, ventral. 23. Epigynal region, dorsal. Scale bars 20–22 = 0.5 mm, 23 = 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513185/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Figs. 21</figureCitation>
), trochanters unnotched or with very weak concavity (
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB82A7E9342E1C7F65D" box="[826,934,800,823]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="16.[155,167,1044,1063]" captionTargetBox="[121,1174,217,1025]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[120,1176,216,1026]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, CASENT9023842, female, morphology photos. 1. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing chelicerae and palps. 2. PME, dorsal, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 3. ALE and PLE, lateral, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 4. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing AER, clypeus and chilum. 5. Trochanter I. 6. Trochanter IV. 7. Posterior margin of carapace and pedicel, dorsal. 8. Left metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistrum. 9. Left palp, prolateral, arrows to probasal thorns. 10. Left leg I, prolateral. 11. Left leg IV, retrolateral. Scale bars, 1, 8, 9, 10, 11 = 0.5 mm, 2, 3, 4 = 0.25 mm, 5, 6, 7 = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513179/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Figs. 5, 6</figureCitation>
), autospasy at coxa – trochanter joint; males of most species with metatarsus I modified (
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB82A1F9322E181F63D" box="[859,992,832,855]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="19.[155,167,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1100]" captionTargetId="figure-24@19.[120,1176,216,1100]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 26–30. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Holotype male, Mt. Kinabalu, CASENT9023842, habitus photos. 26. Carapace, dorsal. 27. Dorsal. 28. Ventral. 29. Cephalothorax, ventral. 30. Lateral. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513191/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Figs. 27, 28</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB82AA89322E653F63D" box="[1004,1074,832,855]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="25.[155,167,1487,1506]" captionTargetBox="[153,1147,252,1446]" captionTargetId="figure-24@25.[120,1176,216,1475]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 56–61. Vytfutia spp., male leg I with clasping modification of metatarsus. 56, 58, 61. Dorsal. 57, 59, 60. Retrolateral. 56, 57. Vytfutia bedel Deeleman-Reinhold, 1986, Holotype male from Gunung Leuser, border of National Park at Bohorok in primary rainforest, N. Sumatra, Indonesia, left. 58, 59. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Holotype male from the wall of a building at 1550m elevation on Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah-Borneo, Malaysia, CASENT9023842, right. 60, 61. Vytfutia pallens Deeleman-Reinhold, 1989, male paratype from Niah Cave, Sarawak, Malaysia, right. Scale bar = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513207/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">56–61</figureCitation>
), median concavity typically retrolateral in African and Eurasian genera, but prolateral in Malagasy clade (
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6BFFB829C093E2E299F6FD" box="[132,248,896,919]" class="Arachnida" family="Phyxelididae" genus="Ambohima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969EA9C4B6BFFB829C093E2E299F6FD" box="[132,248,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Ambohima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6BFFB8284293E2E3EAF6FD" authorityName="Griswold, Wood &amp; Carmichael" authorityYear="2012" box="[262,395,896,919]" class="Arachnida" family="Phyxelididae" genus="Manampoka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969EA9C4B6BFFB8284293E2E3EAF6FD" box="[262,395,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Manampoka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6BFFB8288793E2E04AF6FD" authorityName="Griswold, Wood &amp; Carmichael" authorityYear="2012" box="[451,555,896,919]" class="Arachnida" family="Phyxelididae" genus="Rahavavy" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969EA9C4B6BFFB8288793E2E04AF6FD" box="[451,555,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Rahavavy</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), only leg I modified in most genera, legs I and II modified in
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6BFFB8298F93C3E35EF6D2" box="[203,319,929,952]" class="Arachnida" family="Phyxelididae" genus="Ambohima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969EA9C4B6BFFB8298F93C3E35EF6D2" box="[203,319,929,952]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Ambohima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6BFFB8283193C3E398F6D2" authorityName="Griswold, Wood &amp; Carmichael" authorityYear="2012" box="[373,505,929,952]" class="Arachnida" family="Phyxelididae" genus="Manampoka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969EA9C4B6BFFB8283193C3E398F6D2" box="[373,505,929,952]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Manampoka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; leg tarsi with three claws, serrate accessory setae, claw tufts and scopulae absent (
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB8282293A3E38CF6B2" box="[358,493,961,984]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="24.[155,167,765,784]" captionTargetBox="[120,1173,216,746]" captionTargetId="figure-19@24.[120,1176,216,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 50–55. Vytfutia halandrefana new species, Berenty, CASENT9012420, female legs and palps, SEM. 50. Metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistrum. 51. Metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistral setae. 52. Tarsus IV, apical, showing STC and ITC. 53. Palpal femur, anterolateral, showing thorns (arrow). 54. Palpal femur, anterolateral thorn, close up. 55. Tarsus IV, retrolateral showing STC and ITC. Scale bars: 50, 300 µm; 51, 20 µm, 52, 55, 50 µm, 53, 200 µm, 54, 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513205/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Figs. 52, 55</figureCitation>
); female palp with toothed claw (
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB82A2593A3E1C5F6B2" box="[865,932,961,984]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="16.[155,167,1044,1063]" captionTargetBox="[121,1174,217,1025]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[120,1176,216,1026]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, CASENT9023842, female, morphology photos. 1. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing chelicerae and palps. 2. PME, dorsal, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 3. ALE and PLE, lateral, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 4. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing AER, clypeus and chilum. 5. Trochanter I. 6. Trochanter IV. 7. Posterior margin of carapace and pedicel, dorsal. 8. Left metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistrum. 9. Left palp, prolateral, arrows to probasal thorns. 10. Left leg I, prolateral. 11. Left leg IV, retrolateral. Scale bars, 1, 8, 9, 10, 11 = 0.5 mm, 2, 3, 4 = 0.25 mm, 5, 6, 7 = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513179/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
); metatarsi
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE4B4B6BFFB82D6293A3E620F6B2" box="[1062,1089,961,984]" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">III</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE4B4B6BFFB82D3E93A3E6F7F6B2" box="[1146,1174,961,984]" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">IV</collectionCode>
apical preening combs present (Vidoleini) or absent (Phyxelidini,
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6BFFB82A0C9383E1D5F692" box="[840,948,993,1016]" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Vytfutiini">Vytfutiini</taxonomicName>
); calamistrum linear, originating near middle of metatarsus
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE4B4B6BFFB82B4B9463E04AF172" box="[527,555,1025,1048]" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">IV</collectionCode>
(
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB82B7D9463E0E5F172" box="[569,644,1025,1048]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="16.[155,167,1044,1063]" captionTargetBox="[121,1174,217,1025]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[120,1176,216,1026]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, CASENT9023842, female, morphology photos. 1. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing chelicerae and palps. 2. PME, dorsal, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 3. ALE and PLE, lateral, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 4. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing AER, clypeus and chilum. 5. Trochanter I. 6. Trochanter IV. 7. Posterior margin of carapace and pedicel, dorsal. 8. Left metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistrum. 9. Left palp, prolateral, arrows to probasal thorns. 10. Left leg I, prolateral. 11. Left leg IV, retrolateral. Scale bars, 1, 8, 9, 10, 11 = 0.5 mm, 2, 3, 4 = 0.25 mm, 5, 6, 7 = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513179/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB82BCB9463E0CCF172" box="[655,685,1025,1048]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="24.[155,167,765,784]" captionTargetBox="[120,1173,216,746]" captionTargetId="figure-19@24.[120,1176,216,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 50–55. Vytfutia halandrefana new species, Berenty, CASENT9012420, female legs and palps, SEM. 50. Metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistrum. 51. Metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistral setae. 52. Tarsus IV, apical, showing STC and ITC. 53. Palpal femur, anterolateral, showing thorns (arrow). 54. Palpal femur, anterolateral thorn, close up. 55. Tarsus IV, retrolateral showing STC and ITC. Scale bars: 50, 300 µm; 51, 20 µm, 52, 55, 50 µm, 53, 200 µm, 54, 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513205/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">50</figureCitation>
), calamistral setae with multiple rows of teeth or smooth (
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB829B19443E325F152" box="[245,324,1057,1080]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="24.[155,167,765,784]" captionTargetBox="[120,1173,216,746]" captionTargetId="figure-19@24.[120,1176,216,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 50–55. Vytfutia halandrefana new species, Berenty, CASENT9012420, female legs and palps, SEM. 50. Metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistrum. 51. Metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistral setae. 52. Tarsus IV, apical, showing STC and ITC. 53. Palpal femur, anterolateral, showing thorns (arrow). 54. Palpal femur, anterolateral thorn, close up. 55. Tarsus IV, retrolateral showing STC and ITC. Scale bars: 50, 300 µm; 51, 20 µm, 52, 55, 50 µm, 53, 200 µm, 54, 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513205/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
); lateral tracheae simple, medians simple (
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6BFFB82A4E9443E114F152" box="[778,885,1057,1080]" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Vytfutiini">Vytfutiini</taxonomicName>
, some Phyxelidini) or with few to many branches (Phyxelidini, Vidoleini); pedicel with lorum transversely divided (
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB82D019420E6E9F133" box="[1093,1160,1090,1113]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="16.[155,167,1044,1063]" captionTargetBox="[121,1174,217,1025]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[120,1176,216,1026]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, CASENT9023842, female, morphology photos. 1. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing chelicerae and palps. 2. PME, dorsal, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 3. ALE and PLE, lateral, showing canoe-shaped tapeta. 4. Cephalothorax, anterior, showing AER, clypeus and chilum. 5. Trochanter I. 6. Trochanter IV. 7. Posterior margin of carapace and pedicel, dorsal. 8. Left metatarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistrum. 9. Left palp, prolateral, arrows to probasal thorns. 10. Left leg I, prolateral. 11. Left leg IV, retrolateral. Scale bars, 1, 8, 9, 10, 11 = 0.5 mm, 2, 3, 4 = 0.25 mm, 5, 6, 7 = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513179/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
), epiandrous spigots grouped into two lateral bunches (Phyxelidini, Vidoleini) or absent (
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6BFFB82D599400E6EBF113" box="[1053,1162,1122,1145]" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Vytfutiini">Vytfutiini</taxonomicName>
); cribellum divided (Figs. 1213) with two fields of uniformly distributed strobilate cribellate spigots; spinnerets described in
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B7F4B6BFFB8283094C0E035F1D3" author="GRISWOLD, C. E. &amp; RAMIREZ, M. J. &amp; CODDINGTON, J. A. &amp; AND PLATNICK, N. I." box="[372,596,1186,1209]" pageId="3" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 324" refId="ref12029" refString="GRISWOLD, C. E., RAMIREZ, M. J., CODDINGTON, J. A. AND PLATNICK, N. I. 2005. Atlas of phylogenetic data for entelegyne spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae: Entelegynae) with comments on their phylogeny. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, ser. 4, 56 (Suppl. II): 1 - 324." type="journal article" year="2005">
Griswold
<emphasis id="B969EA9C4B6BFFB8289994C0E079F1D3" box="[477,536,1186,1209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">et al.,</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
(figs. 46-50) female ALS with one (
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6BFFB82A9E94C0E625F1D3" box="[986,1092,1186,1209]" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Vytfutiini">Vytfutiini</taxonomicName>
) or two (Phxelidini and Vidoliini) MAP spigots at the inner edge and field
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE4B4B6BFFB82A0594A1E138F1B0" box="[833,857,1219,1242]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">PI</collectionCode>
spigots with round base margins, these interspersed with tartipores; female
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE4B4B6BFFB82B289481E0C0F190" box="[620,673,1251,1274]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9hjz-r0xi" name="Peabody Essex Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">PMS</collectionCode>
with numerous (12—30) PC spigots encircling anterior margin, PC spigot bases elongate, pressed together and flattened, each PC spigot surmounted by a single strobilate shaft, spigot cuticle ridged; one large mAP spigot with nubbin and tartipore posteriad to this, posteriorly several
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE4B4B6BFFB82BD49521E0D4F030" box="[656,693,1347,1370]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12582" name="Amherst College, Beneski Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="332" type="University or college">AC</collectionCode>
and one to four
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE4B4B6BFFB82A2C9521E1EDF030" box="[872,908,1347,1370]" country="France" name="Centre des Yersinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">CY</collectionCode>
spigots; male
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE4B4B6BFFB82D6D9521E63FF030" box="[1065,1118,1347,1370]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9hjz-r0xi" name="Peabody Essex Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">PMS</collectionCode>
with PC spigots replaced by encircling row of nubbins, large median tartipore and nubbin that replaces mAP spigot; female PLS with domed apical segment, with stout, curved seta apicolaterally (Phxelidini and Vidoleini), absent from
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6BFFB82B4595C6E00AF0D1" box="[513,619,1444,1467]" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Vytfutiini">Vytfutiini</taxonomicName>
; with apical MS spigot, MS flanking PC or
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE4B4B6BFFB82D3495C6E6F4F0D1" box="[1136,1173,1444,1467]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12582" name="Amherst College, Beneski Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="332" type="University or college">AC</collectionCode>
spigots present or absent, field of several
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE4B4B6BFFB82B7595A6E037F0B1" box="[561,598,1476,1499]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12582" name="Amherst College, Beneski Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="332" type="University or college">AC</collectionCode>
and 2 or more mesal
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE4B4B6BFFB82A7F95A6E13EF0B1" box="[827,863,1476,1499]" country="France" name="Centre des Yersinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">CY</collectionCode>
spigots; males lack
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE4B4B6BFFB82D7295A6E63BF0B1" box="[1078,1114,1476,1499]" country="France" name="Centre des Yersinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">CY</collectionCode>
spigots, MS spigot replaced by large nubbin; anal tubercle small, simple, with slender setae (
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB82D7C9587E6E9F096" box="[1080,1160,1509,1532]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="16.[155,167,1550,1569]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,1223,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-157@16.[120,1176,1223,1537]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 12–14. Spinnerets of female Phyxelididae. 12, 13. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, CASENT9023842. 14. Ambohima ranohira Griswold, Wood and Carmichael, 2012, Ranohira, Madagascar, CASENT9019986. 12, 14. Ventral. 13. Lateral. Arrow and inset in 14 to stout, curved apicodorsal seta, which occurs in Phyxelidini and Vidoleini but not in Vytfutiini. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513181/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
); male palpal tibia with dorsoapical process (D or
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE4B4B6BFFB82BC19667E0DDF376" box="[645,700,1541,1564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">DTA</collectionCode>
) (
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB82B959667E14AF376" box="[721,811,1541,1564]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="17.[155,167,1265,1284]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-126@17.[120,1176,216,1249]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 15–19. Vytfutia bedel Deeleman-Reinhold, 1986, genitalia-drawings, Holotype male and paratype female collected from Gunung Leuser, border of National Park at Bohorok in primary rainforest, N. Sumatra, Indonesia. 15–17. Male left palp. 15. Tibia and tarsus, ventral. 16. Tibia, dorsal. 17. Tibia and tarsus, retrolateral. 18, 19. Female genitalia. 18. Epigynum, ventral. 19. Vulva, dorsal. C = conductor; D = Dorsal tibial apophysis; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; RL = retrolateral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513183/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Figs. 16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB82A729667E132F376" box="[822,851,1541,1564]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="21.[155,167,1160,1179]" captionTargetBox="[120,1172,217,1122]" captionTargetId="figure-24@21.[120,1176,216,1144]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 36–40. Vytfutia labalaba new species, genitalia-drawings, Holotype male and paratype female collected on the wall of a building at 1550 m elevation on Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah-Borneo, Malaysia, CASENT9023842. 36–38. Male left palp, tibia and tarsus. 36. Ventral. 37. Retrolateral. 38. Dorsal. 39, 40. Female genitalia. 39. Epigynum, ventral. 40. Vulva, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513197/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">38</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB82A1B9667E11CF376" box="[863,893,1541,1564]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="23.[155,167,1021,1040]" captionTargetBox="[120,1164,216,976]" captionTargetId="figure-24@23.[120,1176,216,1004]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 45–49. Vytfutia pallens Deeleman-Reinhold, 1989, genitalia-drawings, male and female paratypes from Niah Cave, Sarawak, Malaysia. 45–47. Male left palp, tibia and tarsus. 45. Ventral. 46. Retrolateral. 47. Dorsal. 48. 49. Female genitalia. 48. Epigynum, ventral. 49. Vulva, dorsal. C: conductor, D: dorsal tibial apophysis, MA: median apophysis, PC: paracymbium, RL: retrolateral lobe of tibial apex. Grey arrow to tibial apical spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513203/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">47</figureCitation>
), sclerotized (Phyxelidini,
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6BFFB8293F9647E282F356" box="[123,227,1573,1596]" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Vytfutiini">Vytfutiini</taxonomicName>
) or partly sclerotized and partly hyaline (Vidoleini), additional RTA present in
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6BFFB82D019647E6F6F356" authorityName="Deeleman-Reinhold" authorityYear="1986" box="[1093,1175,1573,1596]" class="Arachnida" family="Phyxelididae" genus="Vytfutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969EA9C4B6BFFB82D019647E6F6F356" box="[1093,1175,1573,1596]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Vytfutia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB829C79627E2BFF336" box="[131,222,1605,1628]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="17.[155,167,1265,1284]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-126@17.[120,1176,216,1249]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 15–19. Vytfutia bedel Deeleman-Reinhold, 1986, genitalia-drawings, Holotype male and paratype female collected from Gunung Leuser, border of National Park at Bohorok in primary rainforest, N. Sumatra, Indonesia. 15–17. Male left palp. 15. Tibia and tarsus, ventral. 16. Tibia, dorsal. 17. Tibia and tarsus, retrolateral. 18, 19. Female genitalia. 18. Epigynum, ventral. 19. Vulva, dorsal. C = conductor; D = Dorsal tibial apophysis; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; RL = retrolateral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513183/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Figs. 17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB829A89627E368F336" box="[236,265,1605,1628]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="21.[155,167,1160,1179]" captionTargetBox="[120,1172,217,1122]" captionTargetId="figure-24@21.[120,1176,216,1144]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 36–40. Vytfutia labalaba new species, genitalia-drawings, Holotype male and paratype female collected on the wall of a building at 1550 m elevation on Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah-Borneo, Malaysia, CASENT9023842. 36–38. Male left palp, tibia and tarsus. 36. Ventral. 37. Retrolateral. 38. Dorsal. 39, 40. Female genitalia. 39. Epigynum, ventral. 40. Vulva, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513197/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">37</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6BFFB828529627E355F336" box="[278,308,1605,1628]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="23.[155,167,1021,1040]" captionTargetBox="[120,1164,216,976]" captionTargetId="figure-24@23.[120,1176,216,1004]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 45–49. Vytfutia pallens Deeleman-Reinhold, 1989, genitalia-drawings, male and female paratypes from Niah Cave, Sarawak, Malaysia. 45–47. Male left palp, tibia and tarsus. 45. Ventral. 46. Retrolateral. 47. Dorsal. 48. 49. Female genitalia. 48. Epigynum, ventral. 49. Vulva, dorsal. C: conductor, D: dorsal tibial apophysis, MA: median apophysis, PC: paracymbium, RL: retrolateral lobe of tibial apex. Grey arrow to tibial apical spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513203/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">46</figureCitation>
); cymbium without trichobothria or chemosensory scopulae; male palpal bulbs diverse,
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6BFFB8299D9604E35EF317" box="[217,319,1638,1661]" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Vytfutiini">Vytfutiini</taxonomicName>
and Phyxelidini with conductor (C) and median apophysis (MA), the latter lacking in
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6BFFB829A996E4E3B1F3F7" authority=", Vidoleini" authorityName="Vidoleini" box="[237,464,1670,1693]" class="Arachnida" family="Phyxelididae" genus="Ambohima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969EA9C4B6BFFB829A996E4E301F3F7" box="[237,352,1670,1693]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Ambohima</emphasis>
, Vidoleini
</taxonomicName>
with three to five conical tegular processes of dubious homology; female epigyna simple, without teeth, with median (
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE4B4B6BFFB82BEB96C4E0BBF3D7" box="[687,730,1702,1725]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">ML</collectionCode>
) and lateral (LL) lobes separate or fused (
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6CFFBF29C690BEE28CF599" box="[130,237,220,243]" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Vytfutiini">Vytfutiini</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6CFFBF29BC90BEE330F599" box="[248,337,220,243]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="17.[155,167,1265,1284]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-126@17.[120,1176,216,1249]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 15–19. Vytfutia bedel Deeleman-Reinhold, 1986, genitalia-drawings, Holotype male and paratype female collected from Gunung Leuser, border of National Park at Bohorok in primary rainforest, N. Sumatra, Indonesia. 15–17. Male left palp. 15. Tibia and tarsus, ventral. 16. Tibia, dorsal. 17. Tibia and tarsus, retrolateral. 18, 19. Female genitalia. 18. Epigynum, ventral. 19. Vulva, dorsal. C = conductor; D = Dorsal tibial apophysis; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; RL = retrolateral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513183/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="333">Figs. 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6CFFBF281990BEE31BF599" box="[349,378,220,243]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="18.[155,167,1051,1070]" captionTargetBox="[216,1080,216,1035]" captionTargetId="figure-19@18.[216,1080,216,1035]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Vytfutia halandrefana new species, female, Berenty, Madagascar, CASENT9012513, habitus photos. 20. Dorsal. 21. Ventral. 22. Left metatarsus-tarsus IV and apex of abdomen with spinnerets, ventral. 23. Epigynal region, dorsal. Scale bars 20–22 = 0.5 mm, 23 = 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513185/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="333">23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6CFFBF28C190BEE3C3F599" box="[389,418,220,243]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="18.[155,167,1684,1703]" captionTargetBox="[224,1059,1157,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-120@18.[215,1081,1140,1672]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 24, 25. Vytfutia halandrefana new species, female genitalia drawings, Tsingy de Bemaraha, Madagascar, CASENT9008848. 24. Epigynum, ventral. 25. Vulva, left half, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513187/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="333">24</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6CFFBF28EA90BEE3AAF599" box="[430,459,220,243]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="21.[155,167,1160,1179]" captionTargetBox="[120,1172,217,1122]" captionTargetId="figure-24@21.[120,1176,216,1144]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 36–40. Vytfutia labalaba new species, genitalia-drawings, Holotype male and paratype female collected on the wall of a building at 1550 m elevation on Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah-Borneo, Malaysia, CASENT9023842. 36–38. Male left palp, tibia and tarsus. 36. Ventral. 37. Retrolateral. 38. Dorsal. 39, 40. Female genitalia. 39. Epigynum, ventral. 40. Vulva, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513197/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="333">39</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6CFFBF289390BEE395F599" box="[471,500,220,243]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="22.[155,167,1009,1028]" captionTargetBox="[134,1160,233,982]" captionTargetId="figure-19@22.[120,1176,216,992]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 41–44. Vytfutia labalaba new species, Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, CASENT9023842, female genitalia, scanning electron micrographs (SEM). 41. Epigynum, ventral. 42. Vulva, dorsal. 43. Bennet’s gland pore (BG), left. 44. Pores of spermathecal head (HS), left. Scale bars, 41 = 100µm, 42 = 30µm, 43, 44 = 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513199/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="333">41</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6CFFBF28BB90BEE07CF599" box="[511,541,220,243]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="23.[155,167,1021,1040]" captionTargetBox="[120,1164,216,976]" captionTargetId="figure-24@23.[120,1176,216,1004]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 45–49. Vytfutia pallens Deeleman-Reinhold, 1989, genitalia-drawings, male and female paratypes from Niah Cave, Sarawak, Malaysia. 45–47. Male left palp, tibia and tarsus. 45. Ventral. 46. Retrolateral. 47. Dorsal. 48. 49. Female genitalia. 48. Epigynum, ventral. 49. Vulva, dorsal. C: conductor, D: dorsal tibial apophysis, MA: median apophysis, PC: paracymbium, RL: retrolateral lobe of tibial apex. Grey arrow to tibial apical spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513203/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="333">48</figureCitation>
); vulva entelegyne, of various conformations, fertilization ducts (
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE4B4B6CFFBF2987909EE289F479" box="[195,232,252,275]" pageId="4" pageNumber="333">FD</collectionCode>
) located posterioriorly (
<figureCitation id="13262A0B4B6CFFBF28B4909EE020F479" box="[496,577,252,275]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="17.[155,167,1265,1284]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-126@17.[120,1176,216,1249]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 15–19. Vytfutia bedel Deeleman-Reinhold, 1986, genitalia-drawings, Holotype male and paratype female collected from Gunung Leuser, border of National Park at Bohorok in primary rainforest, N. Sumatra, Indonesia. 15–17. Male left palp. 15. Tibia and tarsus, ventral. 16. Tibia, dorsal. 17. Tibia and tarsus, retrolateral. 18, 19. Female genitalia. 18. Epigynum, ventral. 19. Vulva, dorsal. C = conductor; D = Dorsal tibial apophysis; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; RL = retrolateral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11513183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11513183/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="333">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
); webs cribellate, may be substrate limited and radiate from retreat (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B7F4B6CFFBF284F917EE396F459" author="GRISWOLD, C. E. &amp; RAMIREZ, M. J. &amp; CODDINGTON, J. A. &amp; AND PLATNICK, N. I." box="[267,503,284,307]" pageId="4" pageNumber="333" pagination="1 - 324" refId="ref12029" refString="GRISWOLD, C. E., RAMIREZ, M. J., CODDINGTON, J. A. AND PLATNICK, N. I. 2005. Atlas of phylogenetic data for entelegyne spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae: Entelegynae) with comments on their phylogeny. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, ser. 4, 56 (Suppl. II): 1 - 324." type="journal article" year="2005">
Griswold
<emphasis id="B969EA9C4B6CFFBF283E917EE3D9F459" box="[378,440,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="333">et al.,</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 202 A, B, E, F), or form aerial sheets (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B7F4B6CFFBF2AA7917EE311F439" author="GRISWOLD, C. E. &amp; WOOD, H. M. &amp; AND CARMICHAEL, A. D." pageId="4" pageNumber="333" pagination="728 - 810" refId="ref12101" refString="GRISWOLD, C. E., WOOD, H. M. AND CARMICHAEL, A. D. 2012. The lace web spiders (Araneae, Phyxelididae) of Madagascar: phylogeny, biogeography and taxonomy. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 164 (4): 728 - 810. &lt;doi: 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2011.00779. x&gt;" type="journal article" year="2012">Griswold, Wood and Carmichael, 2012</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 2 A), spiders walk on or hang beneath webs (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B7F4B6CFFBF2AF4915EE35AF419" author="GRISWOLD, C. E. &amp; WOOD, H. M. &amp; AND CARMICHAEL, A. D." pageId="4" pageNumber="333" pagination="728 - 810" refId="ref12101" refString="GRISWOLD, C. E., WOOD, H. M. AND CARMICHAEL, A. D. 2012. The lace web spiders (Araneae, Phyxelididae) of Madagascar: phylogeny, biogeography and taxonomy. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 164 (4): 728 - 810. &lt;doi: 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2011.00779. x&gt;" type="journal article" year="2012">Griswold, Wood and Carmichael, 2012</bibRefCitation>
, figs 2 B, 5), cribellate silk carding
<typeStatus id="54A6882C4B6CFFBF2BFD913EE086F419" box="[697,743,348,371]" pageId="4" pageNumber="333">type</typeStatus>
II form (carding leg braced with mobile leg
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE4B4B6CFFBF29E5911EE2A1F4F9" box="[161,192,380,403]" pageId="4" pageNumber="333">IV</collectionCode>
), at least Phyxelidini wrap prey after bite with slow alternating movements of legs
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE4B4B6CFFBF2D6D911EE627F4F9" box="[1065,1094,380,403]" pageId="4" pageNumber="333">IV</collectionCode>
; cribellate band (studied in
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D0D4B6CFFBF282791FEE3AFF4D9" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" box="[355,462,412,435]" class="Arachnida" family="Phyxelididae" genus="Phyxelida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969EA9C4B6CFFBF282791FEE3AFF4D9" box="[355,462,412,435]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="333">Phyxelida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) entire, cribellar fibrils cylindrical with nodules, axial fibers and reserve warp present (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B7F4B6CFFBF282391DEE02EF4B9" author="GRISWOLD, C. E. &amp; RAMIREZ, M. J. &amp; CODDINGTON, J. A. &amp; AND PLATNICK, N. I." box="[359,591,444,467]" pageId="4" pageNumber="333" pagination="1 - 324" refId="ref12029" refString="GRISWOLD, C. E., RAMIREZ, M. J., CODDINGTON, J. A. AND PLATNICK, N. I. 2005. Atlas of phylogenetic data for entelegyne spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae: Entelegynae) with comments on their phylogeny. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, ser. 4, 56 (Suppl. II): 1 - 324." type="journal article" year="2005">
Griswold
<emphasis id="B969EA9C4B6CFFBF289091DEE070F4B9" box="[468,529,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="333">et al.,</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 121A–C).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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