184 lines
19 KiB
XML
184 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="E6A03095D80E9E3D861467B73E9655F1" ID-DOI="10.24823/EJB.2022.405" ID-ISSN="1747-0036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10524193" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1704824771392" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ardi, W. H. & Thomas, D. C." docDate="2022" docId="03FFFE04FFB5FFCFFF9416779C23FC3E" docLanguage="en" docName="EdinbJBot.79.405.1-50.pdf" docOrigin="Edinburgh Journal of Botany 79 (405)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/ejb.2022.405" docStyle="DocumentStyle:73DE8CF451BB5BCBD336E07A8276E690.4:EdinbJBot.2021-.journal_article" docStyleId="73DE8CF451BB5BCBD336E07A8276E690" docStyleName="EdinbJBot.2021-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Begonia (sect. Petermannia) insularum Irmsch." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FFC6867CFFA3FFD7FFED133F9D07FFE7" masterDocTitle="SYNOPSIS OF BEGONIA (BEGONIACEAE) FROM THE NORTHERN ARM OF SULAWESI AND SANGIHE ISLAND, INDONESIA, INCLUDING THREE NEW SPECIES" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1705518042240" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="74A05028CFB24A35C43BC0B36E3837F8">
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<mods:title id="E7A53D7C5E323907FFD260A5F4E1FE08">SYNOPSIS OF BEGONIA (BEGONIACEAE) FROM THE NORTHERN ARM OF SULAWESI AND SANGIHE ISLAND, INDONESIA, INCLUDING THREE NEW SPECIES</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5C58294D5CF31C30DF035E75AA82F94E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DBF2FE0904146F17C9F912F81B8CCA0D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5F813F8F2CE811EF2CF175F1258ABC28">Ardi, W. H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4439F28137A5BF9806916079DA43705F">Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat 16911, Indonesia. E-mail: wisn 005 @ brin. go. id.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="44E952F52F451E618C5E9968AEE150BD" type="email">wisn005@brin.go.id</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C0833F9AF32FC6D4F1DF931B75250B3E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="53D6561218DABB1C6C4C5DB829C741F0">Thomas, D. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="171A8CDAE829AA7C6A5AF80F8E752EA3">Research and Conservation, Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="522A226B6297555DEF2A0A5FA71946EA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="31ECD914AF92F60CCD345BF00A64A22B">Edinburgh Journal of Botany</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="83F5CEB39541443DB8E0A629D0A75F2C">
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<mods:date id="18F45184B5A7A9B07E375F06B312FE1F">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C002E3A7FF1F34BBE9DCD84D4577D2D1">2022-08-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F7730A98C58123A09109234DC0D3AEBB">79</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="27B53963F1CC7B85235FB68E9411753D" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="F4E2935F74230A28424FD8AB653F0846">405</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="282B005C4EC65187EDD437FFE23236C1">http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/ejb.2022.405</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="EEE4734E6AAF617E71A129CD926D4642" type="DOI">10.24823/EJB.2022.405</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="10D107709F9FC43C813C9771F00E1941" type="ISSN">1747-0036</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FFFE04FFB5FFCFFF9416779C23FC3E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10524593" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10524593" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FFFE04FFB5FFCFFF9416779C23FC3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFFE04FFB5FFCFFF9416779C23FC3E" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="C34C1C99FFB5FFC1FF9416779949FA86" box="[121,1102,1352,1377]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFB5FFC1FF9416779949FA86" blockId="22.[121,1102,1352,1377]" box="[121,1102,1352,1377]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="D0A1F87EFFB5FFC1FF9416779949FA86" box="[121,1102,1352,1377]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B9229300FFB5FFC1FF9416779D89FA86" bold="true" box="[121,142,1352,1377]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">9.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C563491FFB5FFC1FF7816779F72FA86" ID-CoL="87YNY" authority="Irmsch." authorityName="Irmsch." box="[149,629,1352,1377]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="22" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" section="Petermannia" species="insularum">
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<emphasis id="B9229300FFB5FFC1FF7816779C6DFA86" bold="true" box="[149,362,1352,1377]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Begonia insularum</emphasis>
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Irmsch. [§
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<emphasis id="B9229300FFB5FFC1FE0716779F72FA86" box="[490,629,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Petermannia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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],
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<bibCitation id="5E7C477EFFB5FFC1FD6A16779EF7FA86" box="[647,1008,1352,1377]" journal="Bot. Jahrb. Syst." page="353" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" score="144.29617767960897" volume="50" year="1913">Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50: 353 (1913)</bibCitation>
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||
. –
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||
<typeStatus id="54EDF1B0FFB5FFC1FBFC1677994DFA86" box="[1041,1098,1352,1377]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type</typeStatus>
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||
:
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C1C99FFB5FFCFFF7516519C23FC3E" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFB5FFC1FF751651992FFA60" blockId="22.[152,1064,1390,1452]" box="[152,1064,1390,1415]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<materialsCitation id="3B3E454FFFB5FFC1FF7516519923FA60" box="[152,1060,1390,1415]" collectorName="Warburg, O." country="Indonesia" location="Sangir island" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="F3410F82FFB5FFC1FF7516519C0FFA60" box="[152,264,1390,1415]" name="Indonesia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="499281F0FFB5FFC1FEFF16519C7EFA60" box="[274,377,1390,1415]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="8E8919C9FFB5FFC1FE6F16519F11FA60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FFFE04FFB5FFCFFF9416779C23FC3E:8E8919C9FFB5FFC1FE6F16519F11FA60" box="[386,534,1390,1415]" country="Indonesia" name="Sangir island" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Sangir island</location>
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,
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<emphasis id="B9229300FFB5FFC1FDCD16519F98FA60" box="[544,671,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
<collectorName id="26A32AC4FFB5FFC1FDCD16519F98FA60" box="[544,671,1390,1415]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Warburg, O.</collectorName>
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</emphasis>
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||
16107 (
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<typeStatus id="54EDF1B0FFB5FFC1FD1416519E5AFA60" box="[761,861,1390,1415]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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B [B100238023])
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFB5FFC1FF7516AC9DFCFA4B" blockId="22.[152,1064,1390,1452]" box="[152,251,1427,1452]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
<emphasis id="B9229300FFB5FFC1FF7516AC9DFCFA4B" bold="true" box="[152,251,1427,1452]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
<figureCitation id="136D5397FFB5FFC1FF7516AC9DF3FA4B" box="[152,244,1427,1452]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="23.[121,185,1639,1661]" captionTargetBox="[124,1162,265,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-29@23.[124,1162,265,1614]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 7. Begonia insularum in its natural habitat, Sangihe Island. A, Habit; B, infructescence and male inflorescence. Photographs: Ullie Rachmawaty." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10524211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10524211/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 7</figureCitation>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFB5FFC1FF9416F89922FA07" blockId="22.[121,1061,1479,1504]" box="[121,1061,1479,1504]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B9229300FFB5FFC1FF9416F89DF0FA07" box="[121,247,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Distribution</emphasis>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="F3410F82FFB5FFC1FEE816F89C71FA07" box="[261,374,1479,1504]" name="Indonesia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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: endemic to
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<collectingRegion id="499281F0FFB5FFC1FDE816F89F6BFA07" box="[517,620,1479,1504]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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, Sangihe (Sangir)
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<collectingCountry id="F3410F82FFB5FFC1FCDA16F89E7CFA07" box="[823,891,1479,1504]" name="Iceland" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Island</collectingCountry>
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(see
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<figureCitation id="136D5397FFB5FFC1FC5716F89911FA07" box="[954,1046,1479,1504]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[121,185,1573,1595]" captionTargetBox="[121,1164,265,1554]" captionTargetId="figure-9@7.[121,1164,265,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution maps of Begonia species occurring on the northern arm of Sulawesi. Distribution points are from georeferenced collections from major herbarium collections (B, BO, E, K, KRB, L, SING), the Begonia Resource Centre (Hughes et al., 2015–) and the Sulawesi Begonia Data Portal (Thomas et al., 2013, continuously updated)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10524197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10524197/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
<emphasis id="B9229300FFB5FFC1FC5716F89911FA07" bold="true" box="[954,1046,1479,1504]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 2</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFB5FFC1FF9416C39DE0F9DD" blockId="22.[121,1096,1532,1594]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B9229300FFB5FFC1FF9416C39DCEF9F2" box="[121,201,1532,1557]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Habitat</emphasis>
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. Transition of upland to hill rain forest with palms or secondary forest at
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<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFB5FFC1FBED16C3994FF9F2" box="[1024,1096,1532,1557]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
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elevation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFB5FFCFFF9415699F80FDCF" blockId="22.[121,1102,1622,1684]" lastBlockId="24.[121,1162,266,552]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B9229300FFB5FFC1FF9415699F1CF988" box="[121,539,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Proposed IUCN conservation category</emphasis>
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. Vulnerable (VUD2). This species is known from only two collections, both of which have no exact locality information. Despite the legal protection of some areas on Sangihe (Sangir)
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<collectingCountry id="F3410F82FFBBFFCFFD6C12359FC2FEC4" box="[641,709,266,291]" name="Iceland" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Island</collectingCountry>
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due to being part of Sanger Gunung Api Uwu National Park, there are clear signs of anthropogenic disturbance, including habitation and nutmeg plantations, around the island. All available
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<taxonomicName id="4C563491FFBBFFCFFD1D126B9E4EFE8A" box="[752,841,340,365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9229300FFBBFFCFFD1D126B9E4EFE8A" box="[752,841,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Begonia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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specimens from A, B, BM, BO, CEB, E, K, L and SING have been consulted, and therefore it must be assumed, at least until more intensive collecting on Sulawesi may reveal otherwise, that this species has a very restricted range. Therefore, this species is probably ‘prone to the effects of human activities or stochastic events within a very short time period in an uncertain future’ (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC732E3FFBBFFCFFBC212D59F7FFDCF" author="IUCN Standards & Petitions Subcommittee" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref26226" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. 2019. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Downloadable from http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf" type="book" year="2019">IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF291F9AFFB4FFC0FF9415589F54F979" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10524211" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10524211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10524211/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[121,185,1639,1661]" targetBox="[124,1162,265,1614]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFB4FFC0FF9415589F54F979" blockId="23.[121,1142,1639,1694]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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||
<emphasis id="B9229300FFB4FFC0FF9415589DD5F99A" bold="true" box="[121,210,1639,1661]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C563491FFB4FFC0FF3415589C97F99A" box="[217,400,1639,1661]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularum">
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||
<emphasis id="B9229300FFB4FFC0FF3415589C97F99A" box="[217,400,1639,1661]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Begonia insularum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in its natural habitat, Sangihe Island. A, Habit; B, infructescence and male inflorescence. Photographs: Ullie Rachmawaty.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFBBFFCFFF94117E9C76FD9E" blockId="24.[121,1154,577,633]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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||
<emphasis id="B9229300FFBBFFCFFF94117E9CA1FDB0" box="[121,422,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Additional specimen examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
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<materialsCitation id="3B3E454FFFBBFFCFFE5E117E9C6AFD9E" collectingDate="1998-11-05" collectorName="D. Hicks & Anius" country="Indonesia" location="Sangihe Island" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3410F82FFBBFFCFFE5E117E9F1FFDB0" box="[435,536,577,599]" name="Indonesia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">INDONESIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499281F0FFBBFFCFFDC9117E9F86FDB0" box="[548,641,577,599]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9229300FFBBFFCFFD67117E9E73FDB0" bold="true" box="[650,884,577,599]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Sangihe Talaud Islands</emphasis>
|
||
:
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||
<location id="8E8919C9FFBBFFCFFC6D117E9910FDB0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FFFE04FFB5FFCFFF9416779C23FC3E:8E8919C9FFBBFFCFFC6D117E9910FDB0" box="[896,1047,577,599]" country="Indonesia" name="Sangihe Island" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Sangihe Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE869D2FFBBFFCFFBF2117E9979FDB0" box="[1055,1150,577,599]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1998-11-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAC903AFFBBFFCFFBF2117E9979FDB0" box="[1055,1150,577,599]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1998-11-05">5 xi 1998</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
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||
<emphasis id="B9229300FFBBFFCFFF94115C9C1DFD9E" box="[121,282,611,633]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<collectorName id="26A32AC4FFBBFFCFFF94115C9DCEFD9E" box="[121,201,611,633]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">D. Hicks</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26A32AC4FFBBFFCFFF0E115C9C1DFD9E" box="[227,282,611,633]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Anius</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
135 (K)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFBBFFCFFF9411AA9C23FC3E" blockId="24.[121,1164,661,985]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C563491FFBBFFCFFF9411AA9C41FD49" box="[121,326,661,686]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9229300FFBBFFCFFF9411AA9C41FD49" box="[121,326,661,686]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Begonia insularum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to Sangihe (Sangir)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3410F82FFBBFFCFFD4011AA9FF2FD49" box="[685,757,661,686]" name="Iceland" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It is one of the most poorly known species in Sulawesi, being known from only a few specimen records and observations. Recently, the species was documented during a field survey by a colleague from Bogor Botanic Gardens (Ully Rachmawaty); however, no herbarium vouchers were made.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C563491FFBBFFCFFBF5103A9DE1FCA4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9229300FFBBFFCFFBF5103A9DE1FCA4" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Begonia insularum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C563491FFBBFFCFFE9A10159F99FCA4" authority="Dryand. ex Sm." authorityName="Sm." box="[375,670,810,835]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isoptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9229300FFBBFFCFFE9A10159CEBFCA4" box="[375,492,810,835]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">B. isoptera</emphasis>
|
||
Dryand. ex Sm.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3410F82FFBBFFCFFCAC10159E9EFCA4" box="[833,921,810,835]" name="Malaysia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Malesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Java and Sumatra), but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C563491FFBBFFCFFF49106F9C29FC8E" box="[164,302,848,873]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9229300FFBBFFCFFF49106F9C29FC8E" box="[164,302,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">B. insularum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from that species by several characters, including fewer stamens (25 vs 40 stamens), 5-tepalled female flowers (vs 3-tepalled female flowers) and fruit wings with a rounded base and truncate apex (vs fruit wings with cuneate base and truncate apex).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |