167 lines
15 KiB
XML
167 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3789202" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aa97d560-1969-4b79-93bb-2614b7835c0e" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163750207" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3789202" approvalRequired="5103" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="74" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="5027" approvalRequired_for_treatments="2" checkinTime="1587982132140" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert" docDate="2010" docId="03B2F2569FD7A4DAE6A7FE17FD81AFFF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2163.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 38 (38)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@2c1f1b55" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Nolidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="252" lastPageNumber="252" masterDocId="FF8B8A2E9F2CA426E62BFFD7FFC6AF1B" masterDocTitle="An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada" masterLastPageNumber="549" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" updateTime="1643558428782" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pohl, Greg</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Northern Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton ,, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Anweiler, Gary</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Alberta Strickland Entomology Museum ,, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schmidt, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kondla, Norbert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Calgary ,, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2010-03-05</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>38</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>38</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>549</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.38.383</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">aa97d560-1969-4b79-93bb-2614b7835c0e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576629</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3789202" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163750207" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3789202" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B2F2569FD7A4DAE6A7FE17FD81AFFF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B2F2569FD7A4DAE6A7FE17FD81AFFF" lastPageId="252" lastPageNumber="252" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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<subSubSection box="[140,286,448,475]" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="251.[140,1108,448,1108]" box="[140,286,448,475]" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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<heading box="[140,286,448,475]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" reason="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,286,448,475]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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62.
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<taxonomicName box="[184,286,448,475]" class="Insecta" family="Nolidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nolidae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="252" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="251.[140,1108,448,1108]" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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The North American nolids are small (
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<quantity box="[573,700,483,510]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">15–25 mm</quantity>
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wingspan), mostly drab moths with variously shaped wings, although some topical groups are large and colorful, and very unlike temperate region species (see for example
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<bibRefCitation author="Holloway JD" box="[685,864,554,580]" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" refId="ref249688" refString="Holloway JD (2003) Th e moths of Borneo: Family Nolidae. 1 - 279, 611 figs., 10 color plates. Kuala Lumpur: Southdene Sdn. Bhd." type="book" year="2003">Holloway 2003</bibRefCitation>
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). Th is group has been variously assigned to its own family or treated as a subfamily within the
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<taxonomicName box="[989,1107,589,615]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
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or the former
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<taxonomicName authority="(Kitching and Rawlins 1999)" baseAuthorityName="Kitching and Rawlins" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[309,762,624,650]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Arctiidae (Kitching and Rawlins 1999)</taxonomicName>
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due to uncertain affinities of several unique structural traits. Recent molecular data shows that there is no support for including them within either the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[558,657,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName box="[695,813,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
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(Zahiri et al. in press), although a re-evaluation of morphological traits suggests they may be closer to the trifid
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<taxonomicName authority="(Fibiger et al. 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Fibiger" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[140,489,765,792]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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Noctuidae (
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<bibRefCitation author="Fibiger M & Ronkay L & Steiner A & Zilli A" box="[271,481,765,792]" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" refId="ref245008" refString="Fibiger M, Ronkay L, Steiner A, Zilli A (2009) Noctuidae Europaeae. Vol. 11, Pantheinae, Dilobinae, Acronictinae, Eustrotiinae, Nolinae, Bagisarinae, Acontiinae, Metoponiinae, Heliothinae, and Bryophilinae. Entomological Press, SorO, 504 pp." type="book" year="2009">Fibiger et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, a position not refuted by the molecular evidence. They are well-defined as a group by a number of unique structural traits, including a boatshaped, double walled cocoon with a vertical exit slit.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="251.[140,1108,448,1108]" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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Approximately 1400 species of
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<taxonomicName box="[544,634,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Nolidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nolidae</taxonomicName>
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are known worldwide. Th ey are most diverse in the Paleotropics. Th ere are currently 40 species in 10 genera in North America, excluding a number of undescribed species (BCS, unpubl. data); four species occur in AB. The genera
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<taxonomicName box="[363,455,976,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Nolidae" genus="Nycteola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[363,455,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Nycteola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Fletcher DS" box="[472,637,976,1003]" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" pagination="51 - 53" refId="ref245138" refString="Fletcher DS (1959) Notes on North American species of Nycteola (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 67: 51 - 53." type="journal article" year="1959">Fletcher 1959</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Rindge FH" box="[652,804,976,1003]" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" pagination="203 - 206" refId="ref264222" refString="Rindge FH (1961) A synopsis of the genus Nycteola from North America, including a new species from Arizona (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 69: 203 - 206." type="journal article" year="1961">Rindge 1961</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<taxonomicName authority="(Brou 2004)" baseAuthorityName="Brou" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[874,1107,976,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Nolidae" genus="Baileya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[874,953,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Baileya</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Brou VA Jr" box="[971,1099,976,1002]" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" pagination="94 - 99" refId="ref238161" refString="Brou VA Jr (2004) Two new species of Baileya Grote (Nolidae: Risobinae) from the southeastern United States. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 58: 94 - 99." type="journal article" year="2004">Brou 2004</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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have been revised. A few species are pests of cotton and sorghum. Adults of the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1852" box="[140,260,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Nolidae" genus="Arcyophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[140,260,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Arcyophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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feed on the tears of livestock and have been implicated in the transmission of viruses and infections.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="251.[140,1108,1154,1355]" box="[140,290,1154,1178]" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,290,1154,1178]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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62.1
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bruand" authorityYear="1846" box="[197,290,1154,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nolinae">Nolinae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="251.[140,1108,1154,1355]" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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Most nolines are small moths (̴
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<quantity box="[509,591,1188,1214]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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wingspan), often with patches of raised scales on the forewings, bearing superficial resemblance to some lichen moth (
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<taxonomicName authority=": Lithosiini" authorityName="Lithosiini" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Arctiinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arctiinae: Lithosiini</taxonomicName>
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) lineages. Larvae of some genera have the unusual behaviour of stacking cast head capsules on top of the current head capsule. Of the 20 species in North America, only one occurs in AB.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="251.[140,1094,1402,1459]" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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1721 R
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<taxonomicName authority="(Grote, 1873) L Jun" authorityName="L Jun" baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[291,870,1402,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Nolidae" genus="Nola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cilicoides">
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<emphasis box="[291,418,1402,1423]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Nola cilicoides</emphasis>
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(Grote, 1873) L Jun
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</taxonomicName>
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– L Aug – B g L:
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<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[347,499,1437,1459]" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
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C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="251.[140,1108,1506,1707]" box="[140,371,1506,1530]" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,371,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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62.2
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1859" box="[197,371,1506,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Nolidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chloephorinae">Chloephorinae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="251.[140,1108,1506,1707]" lastBlockId="252.[140,1108,167,228]" lastPageId="252" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
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This subfamily includes a structurally and phylogenetically diverse number of nolid groups, loosely defined by the presence of tymbal (sound-producing) organs at the base of the abdomen. In North America the subfamily is however represented only by the tribe
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1894" box="[242,391,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Nolidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sarrothripini">Sarrothripini</taxonomicName>
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, of which the genus
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<taxonomicName box="[621,713,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Nolidae" genus="Nycteola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[621,713,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Nycteola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is typical. Recent molecular results show that the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1894" box="[302,448,1680,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Nolidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sarrothripini">Sarrothripini</taxonomicName>
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likely did not derive from within the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1859" box="[881,1050,1680,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Nolidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chloephorinae">Chloephorinae</taxonomicName>
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(Za- hiri et al. in press), and the classification within the nolids will undoubtedly change. Only two
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<taxonomicName box="[256,348,202,228]" class="Insecta" family="Nolidae" genus="Nycteola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[256,348,202,228]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">Nycteola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species occur in AB.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |