148 lines
13 KiB
XML
148 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3789152" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aa97d560-1969-4b79-93bb-2614b7835c0e" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163750209" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3789152" approvalRequired="5103" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="74" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="5027" approvalRequired_for_treatments="2" checkinTime="1587982132140" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert" docDate="2010" docId="03B2F2569FC7A4CDE6A7FE17FC65AAAF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2163.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 38 (38)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@2c1f1b55" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Erebidae Leach 1815" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="236" masterDocId="FF8B8A2E9F2CA426E62BFFD7FFC6AF1B" masterDocTitle="An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada" masterLastPageNumber="549" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" updateTime="1643558428782" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pohl, Greg</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Northern Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton ,, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Anweiler, Gary</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Alberta Strickland Entomology Museum ,, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schmidt, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kondla, Norbert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Calgary ,, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2010-03-05</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>38</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>38</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>549</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.38.383</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">aa97d560-1969-4b79-93bb-2614b7835c0e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576629</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3789152" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163750209" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3789152" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B2F2569FC7A4CDE6A7FE17FC65AAAF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B2F2569FC7A4CDE6A7FE17FC65AAAF" lastPageNumber="236" pageId="235" pageNumber="236">
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<subSubSection box="[140,587,448,475]" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="235.[140,1108,448,862]" box="[140,587,448,475]" pageId="235" pageNumber="236">
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<heading box="[140,587,448,475]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" reason="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,587,448,475]" italics="true" pageId="235" pageNumber="236">
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60.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[184,297,448,475]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
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- quadrifine noctuoids
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="235" pageNumber="236" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="235.[140,1108,448,862]" pageId="235" pageNumber="236">
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As currently defined, this is a very large assemblage of noctuoid moths, with an enormous diversity in size, facies, ecology and biology. Although relatively well-supported as a natural group by molecular and morphological data, the phylogeny within this group is still in its infancy – many relationships within the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[804,903,589,615]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
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are still poorly resolved, to say nothing of tropical groups that still await discovery and/or phylogenetic placement. There are however also several strongly supported groups now included within the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[266,368,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
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, such as the
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<taxonomicName authority=", Arctiinae, and Herminiinae. The" authorityName="Arctiinae, and Herminiinae. The" box="[514,1052,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Lymantriinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lymantriinae, Arctiinae, and Herminiinae. The</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
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as currently defined may well be split into a number of families in the future. It is diffi cult to draw generalizations on such a hyper-diverse group, and brief introductory sections are limited to subfamilies here. As it is currently constituted,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[984,1083,800,826]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
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is represented by 124 species in AB.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="235.[140,1108,907,1460]" box="[140,548,907,931]" pageId="235" pageNumber="236">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,548,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="235" pageNumber="236">
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60.1.
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<taxonomicName box="[201,356,907,931]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Lymantriinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lymantriinae</taxonomicName>
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– tussock moths
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="235.[140,1108,907,1460]" pageId="235" pageNumber="236">
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Mostly medium-sized (
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<quantity box="[406,537,941,968]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" unit="mm" value="55.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="30.0">30–80 mm</quantity>
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wingspan) moths with robust bodies. Wing pattern and color is usually drab, and several genera have wingless (
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<taxonomicName box="[882,958,977,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Orgyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[882,958,977,1003]" italics="true" pageId="235" pageNumber="236">Orgyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) or flightless (
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<taxonomicName box="[149,279,1011,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Gynaephora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[149,279,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="235" pageNumber="236">Gynaephora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, some
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[362,476,1012,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Lymantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[362,476,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="235" pageNumber="236">Lymantria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) females. Th e subfamily
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<taxonomicName box="[765,916,1011,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lymantriinae">Lymantriinae</taxonomicName>
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is thought to be closely related to the
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<taxonomicName box="[377,480,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Arctiinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="235" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arctiinae</taxonomicName>
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(both groups have hairy larvae),
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lafontaine & Fibiger" authorityYear="2006" box="[850,967,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Aganainae">Aganainae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="235" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Herminiinae">Herminiinae</taxonomicName>
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. Like the
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<taxonomicName box="[325,431,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Arctiinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="235" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arctiinae</taxonomicName>
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, the most recent systematic arrangement of the Noctuoidea places the
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<taxonomicName box="[259,410,1117,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lymantriinae">Lymantriinae</taxonomicName>
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as a subfamily of the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[663,762,1117,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
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rather than as a separate family (Lafontaine and Schmidt in press). Larvae are predominantly arboreal, feeding on both deciduous and coniferous woody plants. Many species are host generalists, and a relatively high proportion of this subfamily are forest pests, most notably the Gypsy Moth (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jul" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[220,406,1258,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Lymantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
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<emphasis box="[220,406,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="235" pageNumber="236">Lymantria dispar</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), the Satin Moth (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="L Jul M B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[614,780,1258,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Leucoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salicis">
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<emphasis box="[614,780,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="235" pageNumber="236">Leucoma salicis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and the Douglas-fir Tussock Moth (
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="McDunnough" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[221,451,1293,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Orgyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudotsugata">
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<emphasis box="[221,451,1293,1320]" italics="true" pageId="235" pageNumber="236">Orgyia pseudotsugata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="235.[140,1108,907,1460]" pageId="235" pageNumber="236">
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Approximately 2500 species of
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<taxonomicName box="[538,689,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lymantriinae">Lymantriinae</taxonomicName>
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are known worldwide, with diversity centered in the Old World tropics: only about 200 species are known from the New World. Th irty-two species occur in North America, nine of which are reported from AB.
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<bibRefCitation author="Ferguson DC" box="[191,378,1434,1460]" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" refId="ref243925" refString="Ferguson DC (1978) Noctuoidea: Lymantriidae. Fasc. 22.2. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) Th e moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 110 pp. + plates, index." type="book" year="1978">Ferguson (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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treated all of the North American
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<taxonomicName box="[772,927,1434,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="235" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lymantriinae">Lymantriinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |