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<mods:title id="D9D9EBF1737AA86A14DC23684DE682A7">Enigmas from the past: MIntoshs (1885) annelidicolous copepods from the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03AFBB1AFFADFF920D8FFAF8FAF5F83B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6071944" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124997058" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6071944" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AFBB1AFFADFF920D8FFAF8FAF5F83B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AFBB1AFFADFF920D8FFAF8FAF5F83B" lastPageNumber="365" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
<subSubSection id="C31C5987FFADFF920D8FFAF8FAF5F83B" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFADFF920D8FFAF8FC76FADA" blockId="10.[151,912,1340,1366]" box="[151,912,1340,1366]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
<heading id="D0F1BD60FFADFF920D8FFAF8FC76FADA" bold="true" box="[151,912,1340,1366]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFADFF920D8FFAF8FC76FADA" bold="true" box="[151,912,1340,1366]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFADFF920D8FFAF8FE7CFADA" box="[151,410,1340,1366]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Clausiidae" genus="Praxillinicola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kroyeri">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFADFF920D8FFAF8FE7CFADA" bold="true" box="[151,410,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">Praxillinicola kroyeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Type of a new family Praxillinicolidae
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFADFF920D8FFA46FAF5F83B" blockId="10.[151,1437,1410,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">
MIntosh (1885) established the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFADFF920F48FA46FD0AFA17" box="[592,748,1410,1435]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Clausiidae" genus="Praxillinicola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFADFF920F48FA46FD0AFA17" box="[592,748,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">Praxillinicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for a new species found attached to the maldanid
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFADFF92083CFA46FE3CFA33" authority="M'Intosh, 1885" authorityName="M'Intosh" authorityYear="1885" class="Polychaeta" family="Maldanidae" genus="Praxillella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="abyssorum">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFADFF92083CFA46FEF6FA33" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">Praxillella abyssorum</emphasis>
(MIntosh, 1885)
</taxonomicName>
in the Antarctic Ocean. Having been collected at
<quantity id="4CFEA7E9FFADFF92090AFA62FB89FA32" box="[1042,1135,1446,1471]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.51" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="3510.0">3,510 m</quantity>
depth it constitutes one of the deepest records of a copepod associated with a polychaete host (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFADFF920ECBFA0EFB22FA6F" author="Conradi" box="[979,1220,1482,1507]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" refString="Conradi, M., Bandera, M. E., Marin, I. &amp; Martin, D. (2015) Polychaete-parasitizing copepods from the deep-sea Kuril - Kamchatka Trench (Pacific Ocean), with the description of a new Ophelicola species and comments on the currently known annelidicolous copepods. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 111, 147 - 165. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2014.08.018" type="journal article" year="2015">
Conradi
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFADFF920924FA08FB9CFA6F" box="[1084,1146,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). MIntosh (1885) recognized a superficial similarity in body form between
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFADFF920E32FA2AFB3EF98B" authority="M'Intosh, 1885" authorityName="M'Intosh" authorityYear="1885" box="[810,1240,1518,1543]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Clausiidae" genus="Praxillinicola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kroyeri">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFADFF920E32FA2AFBF9F98B" box="[810,1055,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">Praxillinicola kroyeri</emphasis>
MIntosh, 1885
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFADFF92080BFA2AFE4DF9A7" authority="Levinsen, 1878" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1878" class="Maxillopoda" family="Clausiidae" genus="Rhodinicola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFADFF92080BFA2AFF1FF9A7" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">Rhodinicola elongata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFADFF920DE7F9D6FE4DF9A7" author="Levinsen" box="[255,427,1554,1579]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" refString="Levinsen, G. M. R. (1878) Om nogle parasitiske Krebsdyr, der snylte hos Annelider. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening i Kjobenhavn, 1877 - 1878, 351 - 380, plate 6." type="journal volume" year="1878">Levinsen, 1878</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(he had no access to the description of the closely related and possibly congeneric
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFADFF92085DF9D0FE00F9C3" authority="Nordmann, 1864" authorityName="Nordmann" authorityYear="1864" class="Copepoda" family="Clausiidae" genus="Donusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clymenicola">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFADFF92085DF9D0FEF8F9C3" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">Donusa clymenicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFADFF920C3CF9F2FE00F9C3" author="Nordmann" box="[292,486,1590,1615]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" refString="Nordmann, A. von. (1864) Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis parasitischer Copepoden. Bulletin de la Societe des Naturalistes de Moscou, 37 (4), 461 - 520, plates V - VIII." type="journal article" year="1864">Nordmann, 1864</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Since
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFADFF920F25F9F3FD58F9C3" box="[573,702,1590,1615]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Clausiidae" genus="Rhodinicola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFADFF920F25F9F3FD58F9C3" box="[573,702,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">R. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had previously been included in the
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFADFF92094EF9F2FB2AF9C3" box="[1110,1228,1590,1615]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Clausiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Clausiidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFADFF9209C3F9F2FA71F9C3" author="Giesbrecht" box="[1243,1431,1590,1615]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" refString="Giesbrecht, W. (1895) Mitteilungen uber Copepoden. 10 und 11. 10. Uber Miracia minor Th. Scott. 11. Uber Seridium rugosum, einen neuen Anneliden-Parasiten. Mittheilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel, 12, 217 - 226, plate 9." type="journal article" year="1895">Giesbrecht 1895</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFADFF920D8FF99EFE66F9FF" author="Wilson" box="[151,384,1626,1651]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" refString="Wilson, M. S. &amp; Illg, P. L. (1955) The family Clausiidae (Copepoda, Cyclopoida). Proceedings of the biological Society of Washington, 68, 129 - 142." type="journal article" year="1955">Wilson &amp; Illg 1955</bibRefCitation>
) this misleading assertion led
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFADFF920FF5F99EFC5BF9FF" author="Southward" box="[749,957,1626,1651]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" refString="Southward, E. C. (1964) On three new cyclopoid copepods associated with deep-water polychaetes in the north-east Atlantic. Crustaceana, 6, 207 - 219. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854064 X 00605" type="journal article" year="1964">Southward (1964)</bibRefCitation>
to assign
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFADFF920924F998FB4AF9FF" box="[1084,1196,1626,1651]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Clausiidae" genus="Praxillinicola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kroyeri">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFADFF920924F998FB4AF9FF" box="[1084,1196,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">P. kroyeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the same family.
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFADFF920D8FF9BAFE68F91B" box="[151,398,1662,1687]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Clausiidae" genus="Rhodinicola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFADFF920D8FF9BAFE68F91B" box="[151,398,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">Rhodinicola elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFADFF920F6EF9BAFC00F91B" authority="Tauber, 1879" authorityName="Tauber" authorityYear="1879" box="[630,998,1662,1687]" class="Polychaeta" family="Maldanidae" genus="Rhodine" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilior">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFADFF920F6EF9BAFCA5F91B" box="[630,835,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">Rhodine gracilior</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFADFF920E57F9BAFC00F91B" author="Tauber" box="[847,998,1662,1687]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" refString="Tauber, P. (1879) Annulata Danica. En Kritisk Revision af de i Danmark Fundne Annulata Chaetognatha, Gephyrea, Balanoglossi, Discophoreae, Oligochaeta, Gymnocopa og Polychaeta. Reitzel, Kopenhagen, 143 pp." type="book" year="1879">Tauber, 1879</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFADFF92093FF9BBFAB9F91B" authority="Malmgren, 1865" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1865" box="[1063,1375,1662,1687]" class="Polychaeta" family="Maldanidae" genus="Rhodine" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="loveni">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFADFF92093FF9BBFB69F91B" box="[1063,1167,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">R. loveni</emphasis>
Malmgren, 1865
</taxonomicName>
, also maldanid polychaete hosts, but differs substantially (as MIntosh admitted himself) in the morphology of the appendages and the reduced abdominal tagma.
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFADFF920FA0F902FC88F953" box="[696,878,1734,1759]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" refString="O'Reilly, M. G. (1995) A new genus of copepod (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida) commensal with the maldanid polychaete Rhodine gracilior, with a review of the family Clausiidae. Journal of natural History, 29, 47 - 64. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939500770031" type="journal article">OReilly (1995)</bibRefCitation>
claimed that
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFADFF920915F902FB4FF953" box="[1037,1193,1734,1759]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Clausiidae" genus="Praxillinicola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFADFF920915F902FB4FF953" box="[1037,1193,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">Praxillinicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a caterpillar-like (eruciform) 9-segmented body with only the most rudimentary appendages present. On these grounds he excluded the genus from the nereicoliform group of families (
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFADFF920FFAF8CBFCC6F8AA" box="[738,800,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFADFF920E30F8CAFC0EF8AB" author="Gooding" box="[808,1000,1806,1831]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" refString="Gooding, R. U. (1963) External morphology and classification of marine poecilostome copepods belonging to the families Clausidiidae, Clausiidae, Nereicolidae, Eunicicolidae, Synaptiphilidae, Catiniidae, Anomopsyllidae, and Echiurophilidae. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, iv + 247 pp, 26 plates, 2 tables. [plates and tables unpaginated]" type="book" year="1963">Gooding (1963))</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFADFF920EEBF8CAFAFDF8AB" author="Boxshall" box="[1011,1307,1806,1831]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" refString="Boxshall, G. A. &amp; Halsey, H. S. (2004) An Introduction to Copepod Diversity. The Ray Society, London, xv + 966 pp." type="book" year="2004">Boxshall &amp; Halsey (2004)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFADFF920D8FF8F6FED5F8C7" box="[151,307,1842,1867]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Clausiidae" genus="Praxillinicola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFADFF920D8FF8F6FED5F8C7" box="[151,307,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">Praxillinicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inadequately characterized and treated it as a
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFADFF920E52F8F0FBC5F8C7" box="[842,1059,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">genus inquirendum</emphasis>
in the
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFADFF92096FF8F6FB17F8C7" box="[1143,1265,1842,1867]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Clausiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Clausiidae</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFADFF9209E6F8F6FF07F8E3" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" refString="Conradi, M., Bandera, M. E., Marin, I. &amp; Martin, D. (2015) Polychaete-parasitizing copepods from the deep-sea Kuril - Kamchatka Trench (Pacific Ocean), with the description of a new Ophelicola species and comments on the currently known annelidicolous copepods. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 111, 147 - 165. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2014.08.018" type="journal article">
Conradi
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFADFF920879F8F0FA7AF8C7" box="[1377,1436,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
also listed
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFADFF920C7FF893FE33F8E3" box="[359,469,1878,1903]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Clausiidae" genus="Praxillinicola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kroyeri">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFADFF920C7FF893FE33F8E3" box="[359,469,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">P. kroyeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a member of the
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFADFF920FDFF892FCA7F8E3" box="[711,833,1878,1903]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Clausiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Clausiidae</taxonomicName>
. Redescription of the
<typeStatus id="54BDB4AEFFADFF920927F892FB47F8E3" box="[1087,1185,1878,1903]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
below revealed some unique characteristics showing that
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFADFF920F56F8BEFD0CF81F" box="[590,746,1914,1939]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Clausiidae" genus="Praxillinicola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="10" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFADFF920F56F8BEFD0CF81F" box="[590,746,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">Praxillinicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot be included in any of the currently recognized poecilostome cyclopoid families. Consequently, it is here fixed as the
<typeStatus id="54BDB4AEFFADFF920EBFF85BFC31F83B" box="[935,983,1951,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="365">type</typeStatus>
of a new monotypic family.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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