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<document id="59D1AF4924A60C81E11AC1AFC6CECC0B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5005.1.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5141077" ID-ZooBank="88FB3CE1-BA6A-417A-BC25-F1AA2AE68DCE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1627458037830" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fitzgerald, Scott J." docDate="2021" docId="038087FF7D56FFE3FF47EDCBFBCEFF07" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5005.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5005 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Plecia marginata Edwards 1920" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FFB9FF877D51FFE9FFD0ED5CFFC1FB32" masterDocTitle="New species of Neotropical Plecia Wiedemann (Diptera: Bibionidae) and delineation of the americana-, nigra-, and xyele- species-groups" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1699025191039" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="663EA548F96B4DB6A91835369774166E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="12DD5458298EC1632BE9C4531B48614A">
<mods:title id="C9194BF1C351BE92003A3373F88B27B1">New species of Neotropical Plecia Wiedemann (Diptera: Bibionidae) and delineation of the americana-, nigra-, and xyele- species-groups</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="04E662070E7D6E877963C6DAC5689F68">Fitzgerald, Scott J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="402B42AED0FD87452DA8CD4CADB3CBC8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C2C24B03F8B285E131EF175E9B914A4B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="76E47F102745FBF86F19F0F8CDB1FE73">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="E29C15E222C4616EC79021A49C266050" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="D6B56E9E445808FB47E3E0F6DCC2E5FE">2021-07-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CEF9B3FF5A7935BBC3BA0E09AFE9BFBE">5005</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BC7D247663A7372C3525EDE0896AAE87">1</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9BF00A5024767560C8EB99A03605B494" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5005.1.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BD5EFAF63A4B8276ABC5D81F84449398" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8025591AFBBBEC5CB1F8A99C981102E1" type="Zenodo-Dep">5141077</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="25CAAE1C6C3705FD10E9B61387E65508" type="ZooBank">88FB3CE1-BA6A-417A-BC25-F1AA2AE68DCE</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038087FF7D56FFE3FF47EDCBFBCEFF07" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5151049" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5151049" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087FF7D56FFE3FF47EDCBFBCEFF07" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087FF7D56FFE3FF47EDCBFBCEFF07" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
<subSubSection id="C33365627D56FFEEFF47EDCBFDE9FB83" box="[151,552,151,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9636E97D56FFEEFF47EDCBFDE9FB83" blockId="7.[151,552,151,213]" box="[151,552,151,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="D0DE81857D56FFEEFF47EDCBFDE9FB83" bold="true" box="[151,552,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D56FFEEFF47EDCBFDE9FB83" ID-CoL="4K2LH" authority="Edwards, 1920" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,552,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D56FFEEFF47EDCBFDE9FB83" bold="true" box="[151,552,151,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D56FFEEFF47EDCBFEA6FB83" bold="true" box="[151,359,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Plecia marginata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B187D56FFEEFEBEEDCBFDE9FB83" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[366,552,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="147 - 149" refId="ref9639" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1920) Dipteres Nematoceres. Mission du Service Geographique de L'Armee pur la mesure d'un Arc de Meridien Equatorial en Amerique du sud sous le controle scientifique de l'academie des sciences 1899 - 1906, 10 (2), 147 - 149." type="journal article" year="1920">Edwards, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33365627D56FFEEFF47EDE7FEEFFBE7" box="[151,302,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9636E97D56FFEEFF47EDE7FEEFFBE7" blockId="7.[151,552,151,213]" box="[151,302,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
(
<figureCitation id="13122A6C7D56FFEEFF4FEDE7FEE7FBE7" box="[159,294,187,213]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 10–12" captionStart-1="FIGURE 13" captionStart-2="FIGURES 14–17" captionStartId-0="7.[151,264,1757,1781]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1750,1774]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,264,1720,1744]" captionTargetBox-0="[193,1397,561,1732]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1427,923,1726]" captionTargetBox-2="[166,1419,601,1693]" captionTargetId-0="figure-145@7.[190,1398,561,1733]" captionTargetId-1="figure-413@8.[160,1428,921,1727]" captionTargetId-2="figure-229@9.[163,1423,597,1697]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionText-0="FIGURES 10–12. P. marginata Edwards, female. 10. Habitus. 11. Thorax, dorsal. 12. Wing. Scale bars = ca. 1.0 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 13. P. marginata Edwards, male, dorsal. Scale bar = ca. 1.0 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 14–17. P. marginata Edwards, male terminalia. 14. Dorsal. 15. Ventral. 16. Posterior. 17. Posterolateral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; ea, ejaculatory apodeme; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; llgc, lateral lobe of gonocoxite; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141085" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141087" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141089" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5141085/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5141087/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5141089/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Figs. 10–17</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33365627D56FFEEFF47EC5FFA5DFABB" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9636E97D56FFEEFF47EC5FFC4BFA73" blockId="7.[151,1436,259,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D56FFEEFF47EC5FFE83FA2F" bold="true" box="[151,322,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Type Material</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B413CB47D56FFEEFE82EC5FFAD0FA2F" box="[338,1297,259,288]" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Dr. G. Rivet" country="Ecuador" location="Equateur" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D56FFEEFE82EC5FFDD6FA2F" bold="true" box="[338,535,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
<typeStatus id="5492884B7D56FFEEFE82EC5FFE7EFA2F" box="[338,447,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female
</emphasis>
: “Museum Paris,
<collectingCountry id="F33E76797D56FFEEFD36EC59FC8CFA12" box="[742,845,261,288]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Équateur</collectingCountry>
, Tulcan,
<collectorName id="26DC533F7D56FFEEFC65EC58FB84FA2F" box="[949,1093,259,286]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Dr. G. Rivet</collectorName>
, 1901.” (
<collectionCode id="ED38AE2C7D56FFEEFB7DEC5FFAC8FA2F" box="[1197,1289,259,285]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">MNHN</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B413CB47D56FFEEFACDEC5FFC44FA73" collectionCode="MNHN, BMNH" country="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D56FFEEFACDEC5FFA54FA2F" bold="true" box="[1309,1429,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
<typeStatus id="5492884B7D56FFEEFACDEC5FFA54FA2F" box="[1309,1429,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: topotypic,
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD607D56FFEEFEDFEC7BFEBAFA73" box="[271,379,295,321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(1
<collectionCode id="ED38AE2C7D56FFEEFE70EC74FE39FA70" box="[416,504,296,322]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">MNHN</collectionCode>
, 1
<collectionCode id="ED38AE2C7D56FFEEFDC9EC74FDB0FA70" box="[537,625,296,322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">BMNH</collectionCode>
), (all examined in 1998)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636E97D56FFEEFF17EC17FA5DFABB" blockId="7.[151,1436,259,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D56FFEEFF17EC17FDEBFA57" bold="true" box="[199,554,331,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Additional material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B413CB47D56FFEEFDE7EC17FA59FABB" collectingDate="1970-09-15" collectionCode="USNM, R" collectorName="J. F. G. Clarke &amp; R. E. Dietz &amp; E. Dietz" country="Colombia" elevation="3570" location="Lake San Rafael" municipality="Paramo de Parace" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Cauca">
<collectingCountry id="F33E76797D56FFEEFDE7EC17FD10FA57" box="[567,721,331,357]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
: “
<collectingRegion id="49EDF80B7D56FFEEFD34EC17FCEEFA57" box="[740,815,331,357]" country="Colombia" name="Cauca" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Cauca</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2AC937D56FFEEFCE9EC10FBC3FA54" box="[825,1026,331,358]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Paramo de Parace</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EF660327D56FFEEFBDBEC17FB04FA57" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087FF7D56FFE3FF47EDCBFBCEFF07:8EF660327D56FFEEFBDBEC17FB04FA57" box="[1035,1221,331,357]" country="Colombia" municipality="Paramo de Parace" name="Lake San Rafael" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Cauca">Lake San Rafael</location>
,
<quantity id="4CD19B0C7D56FFEEFB1EEC17FAE5FA54" box="[1230,1316,331,358]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.57" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="3570.0">
<elevation id="0004D1DA7D56FFEEFB1EEC17FAE5FA54" box="[1230,1316,331,358]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.57" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="3570.0">3570 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 29.I.59,
<collectorName id="26DC533F7D56FFEEFA5AEC10FEE4FABB" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">J. F. G. Clarke</collectorName>
,”
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD607D56FFEEFEEAEC33FE5AFABB" box="[314,411,367,393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED38AE2C7D56FFEEFE7AEC33FDC0FABB" box="[426,513,367,393]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
); “Valle Tenerife, paramo at 12,000’,
<collectorName id="26DC533F7D56FFEEFC76EC2CFBDFFABB" box="[934,1054,367,394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
<collectionCode id="ED38AE2C7D56FFEEFC76EC2CFC7DFAB8" box="[934,956,368,394]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">R</collectionCode>
.E. Dietz
</collectorName>
,
<date id="FF9710297D56FFEEFBFAEC33FB09FABB" box="[1066,1224,367,394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" value="1970-09-15">
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9C17D56FFEEFBFAEC33FB09FABB" box="[1066,1224,367,394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" value="1970-09-15">15 Sept. 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
,”
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD607D56FFEEFB0FEC33FAEBFABB" box="[1247,1322,367,393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED38AE2C7D56FFEEFAE9EC33FA51FABB" box="[1337,1424,367,393]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33365627D56FFE1FF17ECCFFC0DF8B3" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9636E97D56FFEEFF17ECCFFC00F92B" blockId="7.[151,1436,259,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D56FFEEFF17ECCFFE84FA9F" bold="true" box="[199,325,403,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Discussion</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B187D56FFEEFE82ECCFFDC5FA9F" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[338,516,403,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="147 - 149" refId="ref9639" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1920) Dipteres Nematoceres. Mission du Service Geographique de L'Armee pur la mesure d'un Arc de Meridien Equatorial en Amerique du sud sous le controle scientifique de l'academie des sciences 1899 - 1906, 10 (2), 147 - 149." type="journal article" year="1920">Edwards (1920)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D56FFEEFDABECCFFCFCFA9F" box="[635,829,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D56FFEEFDABECCFFCFCFA9F" box="[635,829,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Plecia marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD607D56FFEEFCAEECCFFBC9FA9F" box="[894,1032,403,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="female">three female</specimenCount>
specimens collected on the northern border of
<collectingCountry id="F33E76797D56FFEEFEDAECEBFEA6FAE3" box="[266,359,439,465]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
at high elevation (“
<collectingCountry id="F33E76797D56FFEEFD99ECE5FD74FAE6" box="[585,693,441,468]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Équateur</collectingCountry>
. Tulcan, alt.:
<quantity id="4CD19B0C7D56FFEEFC81ECEBFC67FAE3" box="[849,934,439,465]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="3200.0">3200m</quantity>
”). Since then, no additional specimens have been reported and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B187D56FFEEFEBDEC87FDC7FAC4" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[365,518,475,502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="367 - 547" refId="ref10022" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1945) Revision of Nearctic Bibionidae, including Neotropical Plecia and Penthetria (Diptera). Kansas University Science Bulletin, 30, 367 - 547." type="journal article" year="1945">Hardy’s 1945</bibRefCitation>
revision of the New World
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D56FFEEFC9AEC87FC53FAC7" box="[842,914,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D56FFEEFC9AEC87FC53FAC7" box="[842,914,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Plecia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
simply provides an English translation of the original description and states that “the writer has not seen this species.”
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5666617D56FFEEFF47EB81FA82FDC7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141085" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5141085" box="[151,1347,1757,1781]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5141085/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" startId="7.[151,264,1757,1781]" targetBox="[193,1397,561,1732]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8B9636E97D56FFEEFF47EB81FA82FDC7" blockId="7.[151,1347,1757,1781]" box="[151,1347,1757,1781]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D56FFEEFF47EB81FE95FDC7" bold="true" box="[151,340,1757,1781]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">FIGURES 10–12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D56FFEEFE8AEB82FDFCFDC7" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards" box="[346,573,1757,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D56FFEEFE8AEB82FE1DFDC7" box="[346,476,1758,1781]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">P. marginata</emphasis>
Edwards
</taxonomicName>
, female. 10. Habitus. 11. Thorax, dorsal. 12. Wing. Scale bars = ca. 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9636E97D56FFE1FF17EA7FFBAEFBCB" blockId="7.[151,1437,1827,2034]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,897]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
Species concepts in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D56FFEEFDF2EA7FFDABFC0F" box="[546,618,1827,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D56FFEEFDF2EA7FFDABFC0F" box="[546,618,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Plecia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rely heavily on characters of the male terminalia and many females are unknown, unassociated with males, or undescribed, making most unassociated females unidentifiable. However, the female of
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D56FFEEFED6EA30FE55FCB7" box="[262,404,1900,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D56FFEEFED6EA30FE55FCB7" box="[262,404,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">P. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has several features that make it somewhat distinctive. Firstly, is its’ very large size;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B187D56FFEEFAEAEA37FF23FC98" author="Edwards, F. W." pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="147 - 149" refId="ref9639" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1920) Dipteres Nematoceres. Mission du Service Geographique de L'Armee pur la mesure d'un Arc de Meridien Equatorial en Amerique du sud sous le controle scientifique de l'academie des sciences 1899 - 1906, 10 (2), 147 - 149." type="journal article" year="1920">Edwards (1920)</bibRefCitation>
states that the female wing is
<quantity id="4CD19B0C7D56FFEEFD93EACCFD7CFC98" box="[579,701,1936,1962]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="11.0">11–13 mm</quantity>
(the present author’s measurements of the wings of the types is 10.5–12.0 mm), making it one of the largest species of New World
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D56FFEEFC42EAEFFC1BFCFF" box="[914,986,1971,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D56FFEEFC42EAEFFC1BFCFF" box="[914,986,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Plecia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Secondly, is the dull black mesonotum with a narrow but continuous orange border; this color combination is very unusual and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B187D56FFEEFBBBEA8BFAC3FCC0" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[1131,1282,2007,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="367 - 547" refId="ref10022" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1945) Revision of Nearctic Bibionidae, including Neotropical Plecia and Penthetria (Diptera). Kansas University Science Bulletin, 30, 367 - 547." type="journal article" year="1945">Hardy (1945)</bibRefCitation>
notes that the species “should be easily recognized by the orange border on the mesonotum and the reddish pleurae and abdomen.” During a visit to MNHN and BMNH in
<date id="FF9710297D59FFE1FDB0EDE7FD68FBE7" box="[608,681,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" value="1998-01">1998 I</date>
had the opportunity to study the
<typeStatus id="5492884B7D59FFE1FBF2EDE7FB45FBE7" box="[1058,1156,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(redescribed below) and
<typeStatus id="5492884B7D59FFE1FF47ED83FEC3FBCB" box="[151,258,223,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D59FFE1FEF8ED83FE76FBCA" box="[296,439,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D59FFE1FEF8ED83FE76FBCA" box="[296,439,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">P. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and confirm both its large size and unique color combination.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636E97D59FFE1FF17EC5FFB37F9B7" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
<materialsCitation id="3B413CB47D59FFE1FF17EC5FFB33F9B7" collectionCode="USNM" country="Colombia" county="Colombian" location="The" municipality="The" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="R2, R4" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1">
During routine determinations of unsorted material from
<collectionCode id="ED38AE2C7D59FFE1FCE9EC5FFC4CFA2F" box="[825,909,259,285]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD607D59FFE1FC46EC5FFBFBFA2F" box="[918,1082,259,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD607D59FFE1FB96EC5FFB6AFA2F" box="[1094,1195,259,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD607D59FFE1FB0EEC5FFA98FA2C" box="[1246,1369,259,286]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
) from two high elevation (páramo) sites in
<collectingCountry id="F33E76797D59FFE1FDE7EC7BFD64FA73" box="[567,677,295,321]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Colombia</collectingCountry>
were discovered that fit the description of this species.
<location id="8EF660327D59FFE1FACDEC7BFA88FA73" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087FF7D56FFE3FF47EDCBFBCEFF07:8EF660327D59FFE1FACDEC7BFA88FA73" box="[1309,1353,295,321]" country="Colombia" county="Colombian" municipality="The" name="The" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">The</location>
female (
<figureCitation id="13122A6C7D59FFE1FF4FEC17FEE6FA57" box="[159,295,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–12" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[193,1397,561,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[190,1398,561,1733]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 10–12. P. marginata Edwards, female. 10. Habitus. 11. Thorax, dorsal. 12. Wing. Scale bars = ca. 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5141085/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Figs. 10–12</figureCitation>
), collected about
<quantity id="4CD19B0C7D59FFE1FE3CEC17FD80FA57" box="[492,577,331,357]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" unit="km" value="204.0">204 km</quantity>
northwest of the
<typeStatus id="5492884B7D59FFE1FCD4EC17FCF5FA57" box="[772,820,331,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
locality, matches the original description and my notes on the
<typeStatus id="5492884B7D59FFE1FF34EC33FED5FABB" box="[228,276,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
series very well except that the abdomen is brown rather than reddish-brown and the wings are longer; wing length of this female is
<quantity id="4CD19B0C7D59FFE1FE0BECCEFD80FA9F" box="[475,577,402,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="14.5">14.5 mm</quantity>
, which is very large for this genus (nearly the known upper limit for the New World species).
<location id="8EF660327D59FFE1FE9AECEBFEB7FAE3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087FF7D56FFE3FF47EDCBFBCEFF07:8EF660327D59FFE1FE9AECEBFEB7FAE3" box="[330,374,439,465]" country="Colombia" county="Colombian" municipality="The" name="The" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">The</location>
male specimen (
<figureCitation id="13122A6C7D59FFE1FDE2ECEBFD43FAE3" box="[562,642,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1750,1774]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,923,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-413@8.[160,1428,921,1727]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 13. P. marginata Edwards, male, dorsal. Scale bar = ca. 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5141087/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) (exact locality difficult to discern from label data) largely matches the female in structure and color except vein
<specimenCode id="DB8F9E927D59FFE1FDB8EC87FD43FAC9" box="[616,642,475,507]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
R
<subScript id="17AD34AC7D59FFE1FDAAECB1FD43FAC9" attach="left" box="[634,642,493,507]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">2</subScript>
</specimenCode>
+3 shorter and more divergent from
<specimenCode id="DB8F9E927D59FFE1FBDEEC87FBE8FAC9" box="[1038,1065,475,507]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
R
<subScript id="17AD34AC7D59FFE1FBF0ECB1FBE8FAC9" attach="left" box="[1056,1065,493,507]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">4</subScript>
</specimenCode>
+5 and the dark central area of the mesonotum is more brownish-black in color and subtly divided into broad stripes.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2AC937D59FFE1FBEFECA3FBAAF92B" box="[1087,1131,511,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">The</collectingMunicipality>
male is also smaller (wing 11.0 mm) than the
<collectingCounty id="62F74E657D59FFE1FEB6EF7FFE23F90F" box="[358,482,547,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Colombian</collectingCounty>
female but falls within the wing length range of the
<typeStatus id="5492884B7D59FFE1FBF3EF7FFB92F90F" box="[1059,1107,547,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
series and, in any case, males are usually smaller than females. Additionally, the male terminalia do not match any other known species suggesting it is either a new species or belongs to a species (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D59FFE1FD23EF37FC42F9B6" box="[755,899,619,644]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D59FFE1FD23EF37FC42F9B6" box="[755,899,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">P. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) for which the male is unknown
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636E97D59FFE1FF17EFD3FC0DF8B3" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
Based on the original description, as well as my notes from study of the
<typeStatus id="5492884B7D59FFE1FC3FEFD3FBDEF99B" box="[1007,1055,655,681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
series, the female from
<collectingCountry id="F33E76797D59FFE1FAFEEFD3FA5DF99B" box="[1326,1436,655,681]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Colombia</collectingCountry>
appears to be conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D59FFE1FE39EFEFFDB6F9FE" box="[489,631,691,716]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D59FFE1FE39EFEFFDB6F9FE" box="[489,631,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">P. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Whether the male and female specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F33E76797D59FFE1FB51EFEFFB2EF9FF" box="[1153,1263,691,717]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Colombia</collectingCountry>
are conspecific with each other cannot be confirmed, but the unique color combination and otherwise largely matching descriptions suggests they are conspecific; they differ most in the length and angle of R
<subScript id="17AD34AC7D59FFE1FC06EE51FC31F829" attach="left" box="[982,1008,781,795]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">2+3</subScript>
(shorter and more divergent from R
<subScript id="17AD34AC7D59FFE1FA53EE51FA5CF829" attach="left" box="[1411,1437,781,795]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
4+
<quantity id="4CD19B0C7D59FFE1FA45EE51FA5CF829" box="[1429,1437,781,795]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" unit="in" value="5.0">5</quantity>
</subScript>
in male), though this may just be intraspecific variation as this vein shows considerable intraspecific variation in the similar bibionid genus
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D59FFE1FE4BEE1FFD20F86F" authority="(Fitzgerald 2021)" baseAuthorityName="Fitzgerald" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[411,737,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D59FFE1FE4BEE1FFDD0F86F" box="[411,529,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Penthetria</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B187D59FFE1FDF1EE1FFD19F86F" author="Fitzgerald, S. J." box="[545,728,835,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="451 - 500" refId="ref9880" refString="Fitzgerald, S. J. (2021) Penthetria Meigen (Diptera: Bibionidae): Revision of New World species and world catalog. Zootaxa, 4926 (4), 451 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4926.4.1" type="journal article" year="2021">Fitzgerald 2021</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Based on these considerations, the male is tentatively treated here as
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D59FFE1FF3DEE3BFEBDF8B2" box="[237,380,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D59FFE1FF3DEE3BFEBDF8B2" box="[237,380,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">P. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and used to provide the first description of the male.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5666617D59FFE1FF47EB8AFC49FDDC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141087" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5141087" box="[151,904,1750,1775]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5141087/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" startId="8.[151,250,1750,1774]" targetBox="[162,1427,923,1726]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8B9636E97D59FFE1FF47EB8AFC49FDDC" blockId="8.[151,904,1750,1775]" box="[151,904,1750,1775]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D59FFE1FF47EB8AFEE1FDDC" bold="true" box="[151,288,1750,1774]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D59FFE1FEF6EB8BFDC4FDDD" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards" box="[294,517,1751,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D59FFE1FEF6EB8BFEFBFDDC" box="[294,314,1751,1774]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">P.</emphasis>
marginata Edwards
</taxonomicName>
, male, dorsal. Scale bar = ca. 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33365627D59FFE3FF17EA41FD9BF86C" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9636E97D59FFE0FF17EA41FCFBF90F" blockId="8.[151,1436,1821,2028]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D59FFE1FF17EA41FEACFC05" bold="true" box="[199,365,1821,1847]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Redescription</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B413CB47D59FFE0FEADEA41FCF7F90F" collectionCode="MNHN, BMNH" country="Colombia" county="Nine" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="30" location="Female" municipality="Clypeus" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="R2, R4" specimenCount="4" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="8EF660327D59FFE1FEADEA41FE0EFC05" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087FF7D56FFE3FF47EDCBFBCEFF07:8EF660327D59FFE1FEADEA41FE0EFC05" box="[381,463,1821,1847]" country="Colombia" county="Nine" municipality="Clypeus" name="Female" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Female</location>
(redescription based largely on notes from examination of
<typeStatus id="5492884B7D59FFE1FBA6EA41FB19FC05" box="[1142,1240,1821,1847]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="5492884B7D59FFE1FAC2EA41FABCFC05" box="[1298,1405,1821,1847]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in 1998 with additions, based on female from
<collectingCountry id="F33E76797D59FFE1FD5FEA1DFCC1FC69" box="[655,768,1857,1883]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, given in braces {}):
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D59FFE1FC2BEA1DFBB7FC69" box="[1019,1142,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Coloration</emphasis>
. Head black.
<location id="8EF660327D59FFE1FAC8EA1DFAABFC69" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087FF7D56FFE3FF47EDCBFBCEFF07:8EF660327D59FFE1FAC8EA1DFAABFC69" box="[1304,1386,1857,1883]" country="Colombia" county="Nine" municipality="Clypeus" name="Pedicel" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Pedicel</location>
and base of first antennal segment orange, remaining segments brown {to dark brown}.
<location id="8EF660327D59FFE1FB85EA39FB6AFC4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087FF7D56FFE3FF47EDCBFBCEFF07:8EF660327D59FFE1FB85EA39FB6AFC4D" box="[1109,1195,1893,1919]" country="Colombia" county="Nine" municipality="Clypeus" name="Scutum" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Scutum</location>
primarily matte dark brown to black with thin grey pruinosity.
<location id="8EF660327D59FFE1FDA4EAD5FD02FC91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087FF7D56FFE3FF47EDCBFBCEFF07:8EF660327D59FFE1FDA4EAD5FD02FC91" box="[628,707,1929,1955]" country="Colombia" county="Nine" municipality="Clypeus" name="Lateral" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Lateral</location>
margins of scutum narrowly orange, humeral ridge orange, and scutellum orange with thin brown median stripe.
<location id="8EF660327D59FFE1FD17EAF1FCEAFCF5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087FF7D56FFE3FF47EDCBFBCEFF07:8EF660327D59FFE1FD17EAF1FCEAFCF5" box="[711,811,1965,1991]" country="Colombia" county="Nine" municipality="Clypeus" name="Thoracic" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Thoracic</location>
pleurae brown tinged with orange (becoming more orange ventrally), {postnotum orange}.
<location id="8EF660327D59FFE1FD97EA8DFDBCFCD9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087FF7D56FFE3FF47EDCBFBCEFF07:8EF660327D59FFE1FD97EA8DFDBCFCD9" box="[583,637,2001,2027]" country="Colombia" county="Nine" municipality="Clypeus" name="Legs" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Legs</location>
yellow-brown with apices of femora, tibiae and basal tarsal segments brown, distal tarsomeres entirely brown.
<location id="8EF660327D58FFE0FDBDEDCBFD72FB83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087FF7D56FFE3FF47EDCBFBCEFF07:8EF660327D58FFE0FDBDEDCBFD72FB83" box="[621,691,151,177]" country="Colombia" county="Nine" municipality="Clypeus" name="Halter" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Halter</location>
with base of stem orange, apical ½ of stem and knob brown {to very light brown}.
<location id="8EF660327D58FFE0FEBAEDE7FE66FBE7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087FF7D56FFE3FF47EDCBFBCEFF07:8EF660327D58FFE0FEBAEDE7FE66FBE7" box="[362,423,187,213]" country="Colombia" county="Nine" municipality="Clypeus" name="Wing" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Wing</location>
hyaline {to very slightly greyish}, veins light brown {to orangish}, anteriors more strongly pigmented.
<location id="8EF660327D58FFE0FECDED83FEADFBCB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087FF7D56FFE3FF47EDCBFBCEFF07:8EF660327D58FFE0FECDED83FEADFBCB" box="[285,364,223,249]" country="Colombia" county="Nine" municipality="Clypeus" name="Stigma" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Stigma</location>
light brown {to brown}.
<location id="8EF660327D58FFE0FD43ED83FCC0FBCB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087FF7D56FFE3FF47EDCBFBCEFF07:8EF660327D58FFE0FD43ED83FCC0FBCB" box="[659,769,223,249]" country="Colombia" county="Nine" municipality="Clypeus" name="Abdomen" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Abdomen</location>
orange-brown {to dark brown}.
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D58FFE0FBADED83FB7BFBCB" box="[1149,1210,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Head</emphasis>
. Rather wide, three ocelli and tubercle present.
<location id="8EF660327D58FFE0FE19EC5FFDDEFA2F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087FF7D56FFE3FF47EDCBFBCEFF07:8EF660327D58FFE0FE19EC5FFDDEFA2F" box="[457,543,259,285]" country="Colombia" county="Nine" municipality="Clypeus" name="Median" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Median</location>
line of frons somewhat carinate with two small round tubercles; ridge extending about half-way from antennal base to ocellar tubercle.
<location id="8EF660327D58FFE0FD29EC7BFC8EFA73" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087FF7D56FFE3FF47EDCBFBCEFF07:8EF660327D58FFE0FD29EC7BFC8EFA73" box="[761,847,295,321]" country="Colombia" county="Nine" municipality="Clypeus" name="Median" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Median</location>
ridge of frons strongly developed in one of the
<typeStatus id="5492884B7D58FFE0FAB3EC7BFF13FA57" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED38AE2C7D58FFE0FF32EC17FEFFFA57" box="[226,318,331,357]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">MNHN</collectionCode>
).
<location id="8EF660327D58FFE0FE81EC17FE47FA57" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087FF7D56FFE3FF47EDCBFBCEFF07:8EF660327D58FFE0FE81EC17FE47FA57" box="[337,390,331,357]" country="Colombia" county="Nine" municipality="Clypeus" name="Face" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Face</location>
scarcely developed; produced about width of one flagellomere length beyond antennal base.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2AC937D58FFE0FF47EC33FF32FABB" box="[151,243,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Clypeus</collectingMunicipality>
+ proboscis black, broad, short, {about as long as long axis of eye}.
<collectingCounty id="62F74E657D58FFE0FC35EC33FBDAFABB" box="[997,1051,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Nine</collectingCounty>
flagellomeres, apical flagellomere minute nipple-like.
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D58FFE0FEA5ECCFFE07FA9F" box="[373,454,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Thorax</emphasis>
. Katepisternum with a patch of setae.
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D58FFE0FCAAECCFFC6EFA9E" box="[890,943,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Legs</emphasis>
. Hind tibia slender, hind basitarsus slender, long, about eight times as long as wide (twelve times as long as wide in
<collectionCode id="ED38AE2C7D58FFE0FC61ECEBFBC4FAE3" box="[945,1029,439,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">BMNH</collectionCode>
<typeStatus id="5492884B7D58FFE0FBDBECEBFBB0FAE3" box="[1035,1137,439,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
). Legs with short dark hair.
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D58FFE0FF47EC87FF10FAC6" box="[151,209,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Wing</emphasis>
. Wings seem disproportionally long for the body size. Wing 10.5–12.0 mm, {
<quantity id="4CD19B0C7D58FFE0FBE9EC86FB6BFAC7" box="[1081,1194,474,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="14.5">14.5 mm</quantity>
}.
<specimenCode id="DB8F9E927D58FFE0FB6DEC87FB19FAC9" box="[1213,1240,475,507]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
R
<subScript id="17AD34AC7D58FFE0FB00ECB1FB19FAC9" attach="left" box="[1232,1240,493,507]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">2</subScript>
</specimenCode>
+3 1/3 length
<specimenCode id="DB8F9E927D58FFE0FAB9EC87FA44FAC9" box="[1385,1413,475,507]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
R
<subScript id="17AD34AC7D58FFE0FAACECB1FA44FAC9" attach="left" box="[1404,1413,493,507]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">4</subScript>
</specimenCode>
+5, r-m ¼ length stem of M fork. {Venation typical for the genus (
<figureCitation id="13122A6C7D58FFE0FC98ECA3FC5FF92B" box="[840,926,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–12" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[193,1397,561,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[190,1398,561,1733]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 10–12. P. marginata Edwards, female. 10. Habitus. 11. Thorax, dorsal. 12. Wing. Scale bars = ca. 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5141085/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
)}. Terminalia. Tergite nine much broader than long, with a short triangular median point on posterior edge
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5666617D58FFE0FF47EBE4FEF0FC2A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141089" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5141089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5141089/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" startId="9.[151,264,1720,1744]" targetBox="[166,1419,601,1693]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8B9636E97D58FFE0FF47EBE4FEF0FC2A" blockId="9.[151,1436,1720,1816]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D58FFE0FF47EBE4FE94FDE2" bold="true" box="[151,341,1720,1744]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">FIGURES 14–17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D58FFE0FE8CEBE5FD80FDE2" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards" box="[348,577,1720,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D58FFE0FE8CEBE5FE1EFDE2" box="[348,479,1721,1744]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">P. marginata</emphasis>
Edwards
</taxonomicName>
, male terminalia. 14. Dorsal. 15. Ventral. 16. Posterior. 17. Posterolateral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; ea, ejaculatory apodeme; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; llgc, lateral lobe of gonocoxite; t9, tergite nine.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9636E97D58FFE3FF17EA1AFD9BF86C" blockId="9.[151,1437,1862,2033]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,1077]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D58FFE0FF17EA1AFE90FC52" bold="true" box="[199,337,1862,1888]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Description</emphasis>
. Male.
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D58FFE0FE77EA1AFDE3FC52" box="[423,546,1862,1888]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Coloration</emphasis>
. Head black. Apex of pedicel and very base of first antennal segment orangish, remaining segments dark brown. Scutum matte orange in ground color with three broad, matte, light brown stripes which are nearly contiguous with each other; very thinly separated by orange tint along dorsocentral grooves and median stripe medially longitudinally subdivided by thin orange line in median groove. Scutum with, lateral areas, humeral ridge, area just posterior to humeral ridge, scutellum, and area just anterior to scutellum orange. Thoracic pleurae largely orange except light brown dorsally. Legs yellowish with extreme apices of femora, tibiae (very subtly so) and basal tarsal segments light brown, distal tarsomeres entirely brown. Legs with dark hairs. Halter with base of stem orange, apical ½ of stem and knob brown. Wing hyaline to very light greyish, veins light brown, anteriors more strongly pigmented. Pterostigma light brown. Abdomen dark brown with pale hairs.
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5BFFE3FB1BEC5FFAC9FA2F" box="[1227,1288,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Head</emphasis>
. Three ocelli and tubercle present. Eye holoptic. Face not produced. Clypeus rectangular, about twice as long as wide. Clypeus + proboscis black, broad, short. Antennae with eight or nine flagellomeres (difficult to count as antennae are strongly shriveled), apical flagellomere minute nipple-like (at least on one antenna). Palps with four or five segmented (shriveled and hard to determine).
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5BFFE3FDF0ECCFFDB0FA9F" box="[544,625,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Thorax</emphasis>
. Mesonotum largely bare with short, very sparse, pale setae near subtle median and deeper dorsocentral grooves as well as laterally. Katepisternum with patch of dorsal setae.
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5BFFE3FACEECEBFA92FAE2" box="[1310,1363,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Legs</emphasis>
. Long and slender, hind tibia and basitarsus nearly parallel-sided. Hind basitarsus about eight times as long as wide.
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5BFFE3FA8CEC87FA57FAC6" box="[1372,1430,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Wing</emphasis>
. 11.0 mm. R
<subScript id="17AD34AC7D5BFFE3FECCEF4DFEF4F92D" attach="left" box="[284,309,529,543]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">2+3</subScript>
1/4 length R
<subScript id="17AD34AC7D5BFFE3FE18EF4DFE23F92D" attach="left" box="[456,482,529,543]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">4+5</subScript>
. Venation typical for the genus (
<figureCitation id="13122A6C7D5BFFE3FC82ECA3FC67F92B" box="[850,934,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1750,1774]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,923,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-413@8.[160,1428,921,1727]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 13. P. marginata Edwards, male, dorsal. Scale bar = ca. 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5141087/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5BFFE3FC6BECA3FBE4F92B" box="[955,1061,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Terminalia (
<figureCitation id="13122A6C7D5BFFE3FB6CECA3FA84F92B" box="[1212,1349,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–17" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1720,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1419,601,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-229@9.[163,1423,597,1697]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 14–17. P. marginata Edwards, male terminalia. 14. Dorsal. 15. Ventral. 16. Posterior. 17. Posterolateral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; ea, ejaculatory apodeme; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; llgc, lateral lobe of gonocoxite; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5141089/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Figs. 14–17</figureCitation>
). Epandrium (tergite nine) short, distinctly broader than long, posteromedial cleft broadly V-shaped with a small median triangular lobe, main posterior lobes of epandrium somewhat triangular but apically rounded. Anteromedial cleft of epandrium broad, U-shaped, extending about 1/3 length of sclerite. Gonocoxites ventrally broader than long, lacking posteromedian cleft and sclerotized median projection, though a pair of small rounded, setose, submedian lobes present that form part of the gonostylar socket. Lateral lobes of gonocoxites present, broad and broadly rounded apically in posterolateral view. Gonostylus simple, long digitate, slightly arched and gradually tapering apically to an acute point; posterior surface of gonostylus laterally compressed, fin-like, so that gonostylus appears much more robust (seagull-head-shaped) in posterolateral view than posterior view and appears acute in ventral and dorsal views (when fin is being view head-on).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33365627D5BFFE3FF17EE3AFF3DF8DC" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9636E97D5BFFE3FF17EE3AFF3DF8DC" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5BFFE3FF17EE3AFE10F8B3" bold="true" box="[199,465,870,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Diagnosis &amp; Remarks</emphasis>
. The unique color of the mesonotum (dark medially with continuous orange border) and large size makes this species distinctive, but the shape of the gonostylus will distinguish it from other species, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D5BFFE3FF22EEF3FE32F8FB" authority="Fitzgerald" authorityName="Fitzgerald" box="[242,499,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviana">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5BFFE3FF22EEF3FEB9F8FB" box="[242,376,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">P. boliviana</emphasis>
Fitzgerald
</taxonomicName>
, with similar terminalia.
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D5BFFE3FCDFEEF3FC61F8FA" box="[783,928,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5BFFE3FCDFEEF3FC61F8FA" box="[783,928,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">P. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D5BFFE3FB9EEEF3FB4AF8FA" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[1102,1163,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5BFFE3FB9EEEF3FB4AF8FA" box="[1102,1163,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-species-group (see Discussion).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33365627D5BFFE3FF17EEAAFBCEFF07" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9636E97D5BFFE3FF17EEAAFBCEFF07" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5BFFE3FF17EEAAFE98FF22" bold="true" box="[199,345,1014,1040]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Distribution</emphasis>
. Previously known only from a high elevation
<typeStatus id="5492884B7D5BFFE3FCA8EEABFC69FF23" box="[888,936,1015,1041]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
locality near the
<collectingCountry id="F33E76797D5BFFE3FBA1EEABFB0FFF23" box="[1137,1230,1015,1041]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
/
<collectingCountry id="F33E76797D5BFFE3FB07EEABFA84FF23" box="[1239,1349,1015,1041]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Colombia</collectingCountry>
border. Newly reported specimens are from high elevation (páramo) sites in
<collectingCountry id="F33E76797D5BFFE3FC49E947FBCAFF07" box="[921,1035,1051,1077]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Colombia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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