510 lines
64 KiB
XML
510 lines
64 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8CC8A101362CC1996B691FFF2D7ECAE1">Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4ECDBB23E8CCFC3D2A0F12E315138626">Kobayashi, Shigeki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="172632A64A455A5187A0DEBF92052F41">Johns, Chris A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C95A8008363F03A1BB9A477030BC12C3">Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="CE58A27FC84E8E6FB7190F8E5233D508">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A31B2304DAFBAB071947F6627F4ED8ED">4944</mods:number>
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD90738FF759157FDE5A44E" blockId="55.[151,651,1374,1437]" box="[151,620,1374,1401]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<heading id="D0DE81B1FFD90738FF759157FDE5A44E" bold="true" box="[151,620,1374,1401]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD90738FF759157FDE5A44E" ID-CoL="4G8NC" authority="Walsingham, 1907" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,620,1374,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floscula">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD90738FF759157FDE5A44E" bold="true" box="[151,620,1374,1401]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD90738FF759157FEF6A44F" bold="true" box="[151,383,1374,1401]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philodoria floscula</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD90738FE649157FDE5A44E" author="Walsingham, Thomas" box="[390,620,1374,1400]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="469 - 759" refId="ref102986" refString="Walsingham, Thomas, de Grey (Lord) (1907) Microlepidoptera. In: Sharp, D. (Ed.), Fauna Hawaiiensis. 1 (5). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 469 - 759." type="book chapter" year="1907">Walsingham, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD90738FF75918AFD02A4AB" blockId="55.[151,651,1374,1437]" box="[151,651,1410,1437]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD90738FF75918AFEAEA4AB" box="[151,295,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1659,1683]" captionTargetBox="[156,1433,187,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[151,1436,181,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Adults of Pipturus feeding Philodoria species. A P. costalis Swezey, 1934 lectotype male, B P. pipturiella Swezey, 1923 lectotype male, one of two cotypes (upper specimen) on the same mount, C Paralectotype male on the same mount as of lectotype (lower specimen), D P. floscula Walsingham, 1907 lectotype female, E Paralectotype male, F P. micropetala Walsingham, 1907 holotype female. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681833/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figs. 10D, E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD90738FED1918AFEE3A4AB" box="[307,362,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1720,1744]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,185,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-20@49.[191,1395,181,1696]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 26. Forewing pattern variation in Philodoria. Specimens from recent collection efforts that were preserved in ethanol or RNA stabilization reagent, originally for molecular studies. Wings were placed without mountant under a coverslip. A P. succedanea (sex unknown, CJ419), B P. auromagnifica, male (CJ148/SK689), C P. basalis, female (CJ410), D P. splendida, female (CJ488a), host: Syzygium sp., E P. splendida (sex unknown, CJ488b), host: Syzygium sp., F P. molokaiensis, male (CJ509b/ SK667), G P. sp. A nr. P. lysimachiella, female (CJ346a/SK753), H P. lysimachiella, female (CJ530), lateral view, I P. pipturiella, female (CJ529), J Same species, male (CJ529), K P. haelaauensis, female (CJ209), L Same species, female (CJ216), M P. floscula, female (CJ426/SK845), N P. wilkesiella, male (CJ009/SK649), O P. epibathra, male (CJ506a/SK678), P Same species, female (CJ506b/SK681). Arrows point to diagnostic characters of species: black patch at base (A), basal fascia (D), transverse fasciae (tf) (F, G), white spot (ws) (I, J), white patch (K–M). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681867/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">26M</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD90738FE94918AFE3FA4AB" box="[374,438,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1362,1386]" captionTargetBox="[164,1431,191,1329]" captionTargetId="figure-20@79.[151,1436,181,1338]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 44. Valva of Philodoria, inner view. A, C, E, G, I: Left valva, B, D, F, H, J: Right valva. A, B P. pipturiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK719, C, D P. pipturicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK715, E, F P. Haelaauensis, holotype, Maui, SK718, G, H P. haelaauensis, Molokai, SK704 I P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), SK818, J P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), PHIL0001." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681907/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">44I, J</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD90738FE20918BFD84A4AB" box="[450,525,1410,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,567,1234]" captionTargetId="figure-193@80.[151,1436,561,1239]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 45. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. pipturiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK719, B P. pipturicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK715 C P. haelaauensis, holotype, Maui, SK718, D P. haelaauensis, Molokai, SK704, E P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), SK818, F Saccus, P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), PHIL0002." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681909/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">45E, F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD90738FDFA918AFDC1A4AB" box="[536,584,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="81.[151,250,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,1179,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-477@81.[155,1433,1173,1844]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 46. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. pipturiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK719, B P. pipturicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK715, C P. haelaauensis, holotype, Maui, SK718, D P. haelaauensis, Molokai, SK704, E P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), SK818." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681911/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">46E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD90738FDB1918BFD0EA4AB" box="[595,647,1410,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="107.[151,250,1554,1578]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,189,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-20@107.[176,1411,181,1530]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="FIGURE 57. Female genitalia of Pipturus-mining Philodoria. A P. costalis, paralectotype, SK653 B Same species, paratype, SK652 C P. pipturiella, SK722 D P. pipturicola, paralectotype, lateral view, SK717 E Same species, paralectotype, SK716 F P. haelaauensis, SK792 G P. floscula, SK819." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681933/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">57G</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD90738FF7591CEFB32A4E9" box="[151,1211,1479,1503]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD90738FF7591CEFB32A4E9" blockId="55.[151,1211,1479,1503]" box="[151,1211,1479,1503]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFD90738FF7591CEFD0EA4E9" author="Walsingham, Thomas" box="[151,647,1479,1503]" page="719" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="1907">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD90738FF7591CEFD0EA4E9" ID-CoL="4G8NC" authority="Walsingham, 1907: 718 - 719" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityPageNumber="718 - 719" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,647,1479,1503]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floscula">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD90738FF7591CEFED2A4E9" box="[151,347,1479,1503]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philodoria floscula</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD90738FE8391CEFD0EA4E9" author="Walsingham, Thomas" box="[353,647,1479,1503]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="469 - 759" refId="ref102986" refString="Walsingham, Thomas, de Grey (Lord) (1907) Microlepidoptera. In: Sharp, D. (Ed.), Fauna Hawaiiensis. 1 (5). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 469 - 759." type="book chapter" year="1907">Walsingham, 1907: 718–719</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 25, fig. 21;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFD90738FCC591CEFB97A4E9" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[807,1054,1479,1503]" page="708" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="1978">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD90738FCC591CEFB97A4E9" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[807,1054,1479,1503]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a: 708</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs. 462, 477.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD90737FF759204FA06A051" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD90738FF759204FD8AA71E" blockId="55.[151,1437,1549,2008]" box="[151,515,1549,1576]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFD90738FF759204FE76A71E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273404" box="[151,511,1549,1576]" location="Hilo" municipality="Big Island" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD90738FF759204FEBFA711" bold="true" box="[151,310,1549,1575]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD90738FF759204FF5BA711" box="[151,210,1549,1575]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<location id="8EF66006FFD90738FEDE9204FEE7A711" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFD90737FF759157FBE6A423:8EF66006FFD90738FEDE9204FEE7A711" box="[316,366,1549,1575]" municipality="Big Island" name="Hilo" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Hilo</location>
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(
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACA7FFD90738FE9F9204FE7EA71E" box="[381,503,1549,1576]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Big Island</collectingMunicipality>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD90738FF259238FC8CA685" blockId="55.[151,1437,1549,2008]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD90738FF259238FEFFA77D" bold="true" box="[199,374,1585,1611]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Type material.</emphasis>
|
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<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD90738FE9F923BFE64A77A" box="[381,493,1586,1612]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFD90738FE16923BFD80A77A" box="[500,521,1586,1612]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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[=Type “♂ (28597) Mus. Wlsm.” in original description], Hilo,
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<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD90738FB039238FAA4A77D" box="[1249,1325,1585,1611]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="ft" value="2000.0">2000ft</quantity>
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,
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||
<date id="FF97101DFFD90738FADB9238FA11A77A" box="[1337,1432,1585,1612]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1895-12">xii.1895</date>
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||
, Perkins.28597, |
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD90738FEA9925CFC84A746" authority="FLOSCULA, Wlsm Fn" authorityName="FLOSCULA, Wlsm Fn" box="[331,781,1621,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">PHILODORIA FLOSCULA, Wlsm Fn</taxonomicName>
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||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFD90738FCF4925CFCEEA759" box="[790,871,1621,1647]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
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||
I descry.
|
||
<superScript id="7C5C9B95FFD90738FC3E925CFB8AA755" attach="left" box="[988,1027,1621,1647]" fontSize="6" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">figd</superScript>
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| Walsingham Collection. 1910–427.|NHMUK010305334|TYPE|TYPE ♂ BM
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<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFD90738FD629273FD1CA7A2" box="[640,661,1658,1684]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
Genitalia slide no. 3950| in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFD90738FC3D9273FBC4A7A2" box="[991,1101,1658,1684]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD90738FBBB9270FB77A7A5" bold="true" box="[1113,1278,1657,1683]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD90738FBBB9270FB77A7A5" box="[1113,1278,1657,1683]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
♂, Olaa, Hawaii,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFD90738FF379294FEBDA781" box="[213,308,1693,1719]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1896-09">ix. 1896</date>
|
||
, Perkins.28063, |
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD90738FE169294FC9EA781" authority="Wlsm" authorityName="Wlsm" box="[500,791,1693,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD90738FE169294FD44A781" box="[500,717,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philodoria floscula</emphasis>
|
||
Wlsm
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD90738FCFC9297FC20A78E" box="[798,937,1694,1720]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
1/1| Walsingham Collection. 1910 427.|NHMUK010305335|
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD90738FE8192C8FE7BA7ED" box="[355,498,1729,1755]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
| in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFD90738FDF592CBFD0CA7EA" box="[535,645,1730,1756]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
. Described from two specimens: ‘Type ♂ (28597)’ and one ‘paratype’. Given the manner in which the descriptions were written, Walsingham likely considered these specimens as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD90738FF759300FF70A615" box="[151,249,1801,1827]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD90738FED29303FE1AA612" box="[304,403,1802,1828]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, as indicated on their specimen labels. But because as a
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD90738FBEB9300FBE2A615" box="[1033,1131,1801,1827]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was not formally specified in the text of his study, the so-labeled type and
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD90738FD499327FC82A67E" box="[683,779,1838,1864]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
are all to be considered
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD90738FBFD9327FB08A67E" box="[1055,1153,1838,1864]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
under Article 73.2 of the Code (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD90738FF009358FEE3A65D" author="ICZN" box="[226,362,1873,1899]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref101112" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFD90738FF009358FEACA65D" box="[226,293,1873,1899]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">ICZN</collectionCode>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and any one is thus eligible for designation as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD90738FC719358FC73A65D" box="[915,1018,1873,1899]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
under Article 74 of the Code (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD90738FABB9358FF5AA6B9" author="ICZN" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref101112" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFD90738FABB9358FA15A65D" box="[1369,1436,1873,1899]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">ICZN</collectionCode>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD90738FEFA937FFEE6A6A6" box="[280,367,1910,1936]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
‘Type ♂ [=
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFD90738FE1B937CFD84A6A6" box="[505,525,1909,1936]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
] (28597)’, which Walsingham listed first and figured, is here designated as lectotype (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD90738FF359390FEB6A685" box="[215,319,1945,1971]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1659,1683]" captionTargetBox="[156,1433,187,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[151,1436,181,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Adults of Pipturus feeding Philodoria species. A P. costalis Swezey, 1934 lectotype male, B P. pipturiella Swezey, 1923 lectotype male, one of two cotypes (upper specimen) on the same mount, C Paralectotype male on the same mount as of lectotype (lower specimen), D P. floscula Walsingham, 1907 lectotype female, E Paralectotype male, F P. micropetala Walsingham, 1907 holotype female. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681833/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The other
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD90738FE279393FD95A682" box="[453,540,1946,1972]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
is the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD90738FD849390FC88A685" box="[614,769,1945,1971]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD90737FF2593B4FB1BA028" blockId="55.[151,1437,1549,2008]" lastBlockId="56.[151,1437,150,1302]" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD90738FF2593B4FE35A6E1" bold="true" box="[199,444,1981,2007]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Additional material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFD90737FE2793B7FE45A1E3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273309" collectingDate="2014-11-04" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="C. A. Johns" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" location="Big Island" municipality="Upper Hamakua Ditch" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
2♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFD90738FE1B93B7FD94A6EE" box="[505,541,1982,2008]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1 (sex unknown),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACA7FFD90738FD1F93B7FC76A6E1" box="[765,1023,1981,2008]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Upper Hamakua Ditch</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
trail,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFD90738FBA493B4FB1EA6E1" box="[1094,1175,1981,2007]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="8EF66006FFD90738FB4A93B4FAADA6EE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFD90737FF759157FBE6A423:8EF66006FFD90738FB4A93B4FAADA6EE" box="[1192,1316,1981,2008]" municipality="Upper Hamakua Ditch" name="Big Island" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Hawaii">Big Island</location>
|
||
), 29.x.&
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFD90737FA6B93B7FF65A187" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2014-11-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFD90737FA6B93B7FF65A187" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2014-11-04">4. xi.2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(stored),
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFD60737FEB5949EFE5AA187" box="[343,467,151,177]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">C.A. Johns</collectorName>
|
||
leg., host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FDAC949EFCBAA187" authority=", CJ" authorityName="CJ" box="[590,819,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FDAC949EFC8EA187" box="[590,775,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Pipturus albidus</emphasis>
|
||
, CJ
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
394 / SK818♂, SK
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFD60737FBE8949EFBCEA187" box="[1034,1095,151,177]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="female">819♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, CJ395 / PHIL0001♂, 0002♂, 0003
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFD60737FF3A94B2FF6EA1E3" box="[216,231,187,213]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, SK
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFD60737FEFB94B2FEDFA1E3" box="[281,342,187,213]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="female">734♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFD60737FE9994B2FE45A1E3" box="[379,460,187,213]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFD60737FE3A94B2FCCAA1CC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273418" collectingDate="2016-04-24" collectingDateMax="2016-05-15" collectingDateMin="2016-04-24" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="C. Lopez-Vaamonde & C. Doorenweerd" location="Same" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFD60737FE3A94B2FE72A1E3" box="[472,507,187,213]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF66006FFD60737FDE894B2FDC1A1E3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFD90737FF759157FBE6A423:8EF66006FFD60737FDE894B2FDC1A1E3" box="[522,584,187,213]" name="Same" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" stateProvince="Hawaii">Same</location>
|
||
locality,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFD60737FD5294B2FC96A1E0" box="[688,799,187,214]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2016-05-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFD60737FD5294B2FC96A1E0" box="[688,799,187,214]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2016-05-15">15.v.2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
em.,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFD60737FCBC94B2FC00A1E3" box="[862,905,187,213]" name="C. Lopez-Vaamonde" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">C.L.</collectorName>
|
||
-
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFD60737FC7294B2FB86A1E3" box="[912,1039,187,213]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Vaamonde</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFD60737FBD794B2FB67A1E3" box="[1077,1262,187,213]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">C. Doorenweerd</collectorName>
|
||
leg., host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FA8E94B5FF58A1CF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FA8E94B5FF58A1CF" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Pipturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFD60737FEE694D6FEF2A1CF" box="[260,379,223,249]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2016-04-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFD60737FEE694D6FEF2A1CF" box="[260,379,223,249]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2016-04-24">24.iv.2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(cocoon), CLV0017, SK
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFD60737FD7194D6FD46A1CF" box="[659,719,223,249]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="female">824♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFD60737FD1094E9FCCAA1CC" box="[754,835,224,250]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFD60737FCAF94D6FB07A028" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273376" collectingDate="2015-05-25" collectingDateMax="2015-06-09" collectingDateMin="2015-05-25" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="C. A. Johns" location="Big Island" municipality="Puu Makaala Natural Area Reserve" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFD60737FCAF94D6FCF9A1CF" box="[845,880,223,249]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACA7FFD60737FC9F94E9FA80A1CC" box="[893,1289,223,250]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Puu Makaala Natural Area Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFD60737FAF194D6FAEDA1CF" box="[1299,1380,223,249]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="8EF66006FFD60737FA9094D6FF69A028" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFD90737FF759157FBE6A423:8EF66006FFD60737FA9094D6FF69A028" municipality="Puu Makaala Natural Area Reserve" name="Big Island" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" stateProvince="Hawaii">Big Island</location>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFD60737FF11950AFED4A028" box="[243,349,259,286]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2015-06-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFD60737FF11950AFED4A028" box="[243,349,259,286]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2015-06-09">9.vi.2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(stored),
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFD60737FE2B950DFDCCA02B" box="[457,581,259,286]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">C.A. Johns</collectorName>
|
||
leg., host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FD22950DFCA9A02B" box="[704,800,260,285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FD22950DFCA9A02B" box="[704,800,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Pipturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFD60737FCB7950AFC4EA028" box="[853,967,259,286]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2015-05-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFD60737FCB7950AFC4EA028" box="[853,967,259,286]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2015-05-25">25.v.2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, CJ
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD60737FC0D950AFBBFA02B" box="[1007,1078,259,285]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08204" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="in" value="426.0">426 in</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFD60737FBDF950DFB07A028" box="[1085,1166,260,286]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD60737FF25952EFA06A051" blockId="56.[151,1437,150,1302]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FF25952EFDA9A074" bold="true" box="[199,544,295,322]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FF25952EFECBA074" box="[199,322,295,322]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FF25952EFECBA074" bold="true" box="[199,322,295,322]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. near
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FE459521FDA9A074" box="[423,544,295,322]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FE459521FE31A074" bold="true" box="[423,440,296,322]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FE26952EFDA9A074" bold="true" box="[452,544,295,322]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">floscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFD60737FDCE9521FA02A051" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273436" collectingDate="1976-06-08" collectingDateMax="2016-09" collectingDateMin="1976-06-08" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName=" D. C. Lees" county="Big Island" location="Napau Crater area" municipality="Volcanoes National Park" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFD60737FDCE9521FDC6A074" box="[556,591,296,322]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFD60737FDB89521FD22A074" box="[602,683,296,322]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F74E51FFD60737FD559521FCA6A075" box="[695,815,296,323]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Big Island</collectingCounty>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACA7FFD60737FCDC9521FBD9A074" box="[830,1104,296,322]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Volcanoes National Park</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF66006FFD60737FBBB9521FAABA074" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFD90737FF759157FBE6A423:8EF66006FFD60737FBBB9521FAABA074" box="[1113,1314,296,322]" county="Big Island" municipality="Volcanoes National Park" name="Napau Crater area" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" stateProvince="Hawaii">Napau Crater area</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFD60737FAC99521FA1EA074" box="[1323,1431,296,322]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1976-06-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFD60737FAC99521FA1EA074" box="[1323,1431,296,322]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1976-06-08">8.vi.1976</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFD60737FF759544FEC9A050" box="[151,320,332,359]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">K. & E. Sattler</collectorName>
|
||
, B.M. 1976-605BMNH(E)1621114,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FD3F9545FCDFA050" box="[733,854,332,358]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FD3F9545FCDFA050" box="[733,854,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 6 (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFD60737FC439545FC7EA051" box="[929,1015,332,359]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFD60737FBE99544FB0BA051" box="[1035,1154,332,359]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">D. C. Lees</collectorName>
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFD60737FB6B9545FB70A050" box="[1161,1273,332,358]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2016-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFD60737FB6B9545FB70A050" box="[1161,1273,332,358]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2016-09">
|
||
Sep.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD60737FB239545FB70A050" box="[1217,1273,332,358]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.12064" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="in" value="2016.0">2016</quantity>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFD60737FAFF9544FA02A051" box="[1309,1419,333,359]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD60737FF259579FC4EA32D" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD60737FF259579FC4EA32D" blockId="56.[151,1437,150,1302]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FF259579FECBA0BC" bold="true" box="[199,322,368,394]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The forewing pattern is very similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FCA79578FC7BA0BC" box="[837,1010,368,394]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haelaauensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FCA79578FC7BA0BC" box="[837,1010,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. haelaauensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FC1A9579FBBFA0BC" bold="true" box="[1016,1078,368,394]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B4FFD60737FC1A9579FBBFA0BC" box="[1016,1078,368,394]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FB899578FA15A0BC" authority="Walsingham" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" box="[1131,1436,368,394]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micropetala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FB899578FA82A0BC" box="[1131,1291,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. micropetala</emphasis>
|
||
Walsingham
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but distinguished by its rather narrow two costal white bands (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FCB5959CFCE7A099" bold="true" box="[855,878,405,431]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">cs</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FC47959CFC4BA083" bold="true" box="[933,962,405,437]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
w
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFD60737FC5895AEFC4BA083" attach="right" box="[954,962,423,437]" fontSize="6" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) in the forewing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD60737FB6C959DFAA9A099" box="[1166,1312,404,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1659,1683]" captionTargetBox="[156,1433,187,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[151,1436,181,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Adults of Pipturus feeding Philodoria species. A P. costalis Swezey, 1934 lectotype male, B P. pipturiella Swezey, 1923 lectotype male, one of two cotypes (upper specimen) on the same mount, C Paralectotype male on the same mount as of lectotype (lower specimen), D P. floscula Walsingham, 1907 lectotype female, E Paralectotype male, F P. micropetala Walsingham, 1907 holotype female. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681833/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figs. 10D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD60737FACF959DFAEFA099" box="[1325,1382,404,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1720,1744]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,185,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-20@49.[191,1395,181,1696]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 26. Forewing pattern variation in Philodoria. Specimens from recent collection efforts that were preserved in ethanol or RNA stabilization reagent, originally for molecular studies. Wings were placed without mountant under a coverslip. A P. succedanea (sex unknown, CJ419), B P. auromagnifica, male (CJ148/SK689), C P. basalis, female (CJ410), D P. splendida, female (CJ488a), host: Syzygium sp., E P. splendida (sex unknown, CJ488b), host: Syzygium sp., F P. molokaiensis, male (CJ509b/ SK667), G P. sp. A nr. P. lysimachiella, female (CJ346a/SK753), H P. lysimachiella, female (CJ530), lateral view, I P. pipturiella, female (CJ529), J Same species, male (CJ529), K P. haelaauensis, female (CJ209), L Same species, female (CJ216), M P. floscula, female (CJ426/SK845), N P. wilkesiella, male (CJ009/SK649), O P. epibathra, male (CJ506a/SK678), P Same species, female (CJ506b/SK681). Arrows point to diagnostic characters of species: black patch at base (A), basal fascia (D), transverse fasciae (tf) (F, G), white spot (ws) (I, J), white patch (K–M). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681867/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">26M</figureCitation>
|
||
); the female genitalia has a pair of sinuous line-shaped signa with series of minute spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD60737FBAD95B0FB3CA0E2" box="[1103,1205,441,468]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="106.[151,250,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[170,1411,192,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-23@106.[165,1422,181,1857]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="FIGURE 56. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. succedanea, paralectotype, Maui, SK714, B Same species, Hawaii (Big Island), SK624, C P. auromagnifica, Hawaii (Big Island), SK623, D P. kauaulaensis, holotype, SK690, E Same species, lateral view, F P. kolea, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK634, G P. lysimachiella, SK654, H P. sp. A, SK753, I P. molokaiensis, SK668, lateral view, J Same ventral view, K P. splendida, SK621, L P. lama, paratype, SK813." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681931/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 56E</figureCitation>
|
||
). We treat the record from Molokai (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD60737FEA795D4FD05A0C1" author="Swezey, O. H. & Bryan, E. H." box="[325,652,477,504]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="293 - 314" refId="ref102629" refString="Swezey, O. H. & Bryan, E. H. (1929) Further notes on the forest insects of Molokai. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 7 (3), 293 - 314." type="journal article" year="1929">Swezey & Bryan, 1929: 301</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as incorrect, as the Molokai specimens of ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FB6595D7FB74A0C1" box="[1159,1277,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FB6595D7FB74A0C1" box="[1159,1277,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. floscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ identified by Swezey are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FEFC960BFE45A32D" box="[286,460,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haelaauensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FEFC960BFE45A32D" box="[286,460,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. haelaauensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FE319608FD9AA32D" bold="true" box="[467,531,513,539]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B4FFD60737FE319608FD9AA32D" box="[467,531,513,539]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
based on our examination of genitalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD60737FF25962CFED1A569" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD60737FF25962CFD96A22F" blockId="56.[151,1437,150,1302]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FF25962CFE48A309" bold="true" box="[199,449,549,575]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Redescription: Adult</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD60737FE30962CFDEDA376" box="[466,612,549,576]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1659,1683]" captionTargetBox="[156,1433,187,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[151,1436,181,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Adults of Pipturus feeding Philodoria species. A P. costalis Swezey, 1934 lectotype male, B P. pipturiella Swezey, 1923 lectotype male, one of two cotypes (upper specimen) on the same mount, C Paralectotype male on the same mount as of lectotype (lower specimen), D P. floscula Walsingham, 1907 lectotype female, E Paralectotype male, F P. micropetala Walsingham, 1907 holotype female. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681833/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figs. 10D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD60737FD93962CFD23A376" box="[625,682,549,576]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1720,1744]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,185,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-20@49.[191,1395,181,1696]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 26. Forewing pattern variation in Philodoria. Specimens from recent collection efforts that were preserved in ethanol or RNA stabilization reagent, originally for molecular studies. Wings were placed without mountant under a coverslip. A P. succedanea (sex unknown, CJ419), B P. auromagnifica, male (CJ148/SK689), C P. basalis, female (CJ410), D P. splendida, female (CJ488a), host: Syzygium sp., E P. splendida (sex unknown, CJ488b), host: Syzygium sp., F P. molokaiensis, male (CJ509b/ SK667), G P. sp. A nr. P. lysimachiella, female (CJ346a/SK753), H P. lysimachiella, female (CJ530), lateral view, I P. pipturiella, female (CJ529), J Same species, male (CJ529), K P. haelaauensis, female (CJ209), L Same species, female (CJ216), M P. floscula, female (CJ426/SK845), N P. wilkesiella, male (CJ009/SK649), O P. epibathra, male (CJ506a/SK678), P Same species, female (CJ506b/SK681). Arrows point to diagnostic characters of species: black patch at base (A), basal fascia (D), transverse fasciae (tf) (F, G), white spot (ws) (I, J), white patch (K–M). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681867/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">26M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Wingspan
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD60737FCD4962FFCF1A376" box="[822,888,550,576]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD60737FC7F962FFC44A376" box="[925,973,550,576]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series. Head brownish gray above; frons white; maxillary palpus reduced; labial palpus white, a dark spot at the end of the median joint, the terminal joint also shaded with fuscous. Antenna brownish. Thorax bronze. Forewing bronze, with four rather outwardly oblique, silver-white marginal band; dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FDF9969BFDB3A39A" bold="true" box="[539,570,658,684]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">ws</emphasis>
|
||
before the middle crossing the fold; one
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FBE2969BFB9EA39A" bold="true" box="[1024,1047,658,684]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">cs</emphasis>
|
||
about the middle; two white bands (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FF4396BEFF47A3E1" bold="true" box="[161,206,695,727]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D501AFFD60737FF4396BEFF47A3E1" box="[161,206,695,727]" degrees="1, 2" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" precision="5555" value="-1.2">
|
||
w
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFD60737FF5796C0FF47A3E1" attach="left" box="[181,206,713,727]" fontSize="6" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">1, 2</subScript>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) on both extremities of shining, pale green
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FD2396BEFD61A3E1" bold="true" box="[705,744,695,727]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
bb
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFD60737FD0296C0FD61A3E1" attach="left" box="[736,744,713,727]" fontSize="6" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
at 3/4, beyond which the apical portion bright orange with a black
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FF3896D2FF7AA3C3" bold="true" box="[218,243,731,757]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">as</emphasis>
|
||
before the shiny, green cilia; tornal cilia tawny gray. Hindwing tawny brown; cilia tawny. Abdomen fuscous above, white beneath. Legs brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD60737FF25972DFC3DA29D" blockId="56.[151,1437,150,1302]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FF25972DFEF8A20B" bold="true" box="[199,369,803,830]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD60737FE9D972AFE77A208" box="[383,510,803,830]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1362,1386]" captionTargetBox="[164,1431,191,1329]" captionTargetId="figure-20@79.[151,1436,181,1338]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 44. Valva of Philodoria, inner view. A, C, E, G, I: Left valva, B, D, F, H, J: Right valva. A, B P. pipturiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK719, C, D P. pipturicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK715, E, F P. Haelaauensis, holotype, Maui, SK718, G, H P. haelaauensis, Molokai, SK704 I P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), SK818, J P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), PHIL0001." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681907/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figs. 44I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD60737FDEB972AFDB1A208" box="[521,568,803,830]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,567,1234]" captionTargetId="figure-193@80.[151,1436,561,1239]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 45. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. pipturiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK719, B P. pipturicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK715 C P. haelaauensis, holotype, Maui, SK718, D P. haelaauensis, Molokai, SK704, E P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), SK818, F Saccus, P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), PHIL0002." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681909/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">45E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD60737FDA1972AFD06A208" box="[579,655,803,830]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="81.[151,250,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,1179,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-477@81.[155,1433,1173,1844]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 46. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. pipturiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK719, B P. pipturicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK715, C P. haelaauensis, holotype, Maui, SK718, D P. haelaauensis, Molokai, SK704, E P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), SK818." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681911/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">46E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
) (new record) (n=3). Capsule
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD60737FC3D972DFBB1A208" box="[991,1080,804,830]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="740.0">740 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Tegumen 0.8 x length of valva; valva
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD60737FF38974EFEE1A254" box="[218,360,839,866]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="490.0" valueMax="570.0" valueMin="410.0">410–570 µm</quantity>
|
||
long, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FDF99741FD38A254" authorityName="Det. By O. H. Swezey" authorityYear="1915" box="[539,689,840,866]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipturicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FDF99741FD38A254" box="[539,689,840,866]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. pipturicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FD049741FC1BA254" box="[742,914,840,866]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haelaauensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FD049741FC1BA254" box="[742,914,840,866]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. haelaauensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except dorsal margin of basal portion rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD60737FF429765FE9FA2B1" box="[160,278,876,903]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1362,1386]" captionTargetBox="[164,1431,191,1329]" captionTargetId="figure-20@79.[151,1436,181,1338]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 44. Valva of Philodoria, inner view. A, C, E, G, I: Left valva, B, D, F, H, J: Right valva. A, B P. pipturiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK719, C, D P. pipturicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK715, E, F P. Haelaauensis, holotype, Maui, SK718, G, H P. haelaauensis, Molokai, SK704 I P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), SK818, J P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), PHIL0001." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681907/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 44I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Saccus rather slender and needle-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD60737FCE19765FC0EA2B1" box="[771,903,876,903]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,567,1234]" captionTargetId="figure-193@80.[151,1436,561,1239]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 45. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. pipturiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK719, B P. pipturicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK715 C P. haelaauensis, holotype, Maui, SK718, D P. haelaauensis, Molokai, SK704, E P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), SK818, F Saccus, P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), PHIL0002." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681909/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 45E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Phallus
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD60737FC149765FB0CA2B1" box="[1014,1157,876,903]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="415.0" valueMax="420.0" valueMin="410.0">410–420 µm</quantity>
|
||
long, slightly curved toward dorsal side with two series of minute cornuti in vesica (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD60737FCA09799FC21A29D" box="[834,936,912,939]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="81.[151,250,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,1179,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-477@81.[155,1433,1173,1844]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 46. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. pipturiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK719, B P. pipturicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK715, C P. haelaauensis, holotype, Maui, SK718, D P. haelaauensis, Molokai, SK704, E P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), SK818." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681911/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 46E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD60737FF2597BCFED1A569" blockId="56.[151,1437,150,1302]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FF2597BCFE07A2F8" bold="true" box="[199,398,948,975]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD60737FE7D97BDFD8EA2F9" box="[415,519,948,975]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="107.[151,250,1554,1578]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,189,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-20@107.[176,1411,181,1530]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="FIGURE 57. Female genitalia of Pipturus-mining Philodoria. A P. costalis, paralectotype, SK653 B Same species, paratype, SK652 C P. pipturiella, SK722 D P. pipturicola, paralectotype, lateral view, SK717 E Same species, paralectotype, SK716 F P. haelaauensis, SK792 G P. floscula, SK819." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681933/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 57G</figureCitation>
|
||
) (n=4).
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD60737FD8597BCFD47A2F9" box="[615,718,949,975]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="1200.0">1200 µm</quantity>
|
||
long. Ostium bursae large; antrum wide with a slender pair of lateral lobes; lamella antevaginalis
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD60737FDC097D0FD3DA2C5" box="[546,692,985,1011]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="225.0" valueMax="230.0" valueMin="220.0">220–230 µm</quantity>
|
||
, weakly sclerotized, widening toward anterior margin of A7. Ductus bursae
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD60737FEF297F4FE16A52E" box="[272,415,1021,1048]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="475.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="450.0">450–500 µm</quantity>
|
||
and median section narrowing weakly sclerotized and flattened; terminus of ductus bursae broad and weakly sclerotized. Corpus bursae oblong
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD60737FD0F9028FC09A50A" box="[749,896,1057,1084]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.65" metricValueMax="6.7" metricValueMin="6.6" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="665.0" valueMax="670.0" valueMin="660.0">660–670 µm</quantity>
|
||
; paired signa as sinuous lines each with a series of minute spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD60737FF259063FB42A5B2" box="[199,1227,1130,1157]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD60737FF259063FB42A5B2" blockId="56.[151,1437,150,1302]" box="[199,1227,1130,1157]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FF259063FEE8A5B2" bold="true" box="[199,353,1130,1156]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Maui (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD60737FE539063FD4DA5B2" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[433,708,1130,1156]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a: 708</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFD60737FCE39063FCDBA5B2" box="[769,850,1130,1156]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Big Island) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD60737FC0C9063FB37A5B2" author="Walsingham, Thomas" box="[1006,1214,1130,1156]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="469 - 759" refId="ref102986" refString="Walsingham, Thomas, de Grey (Lord) (1907) Microlepidoptera. In: Sharp, D. (Ed.), Fauna Hawaiiensis. 1 (5). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 469 - 759." type="book chapter" year="1907">Walsingham 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD60737FF259087FCFBA5FA" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD60737FF259087FAD0A59E" blockId="56.[151,1437,150,1302]" box="[199,1369,1166,1193]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FF259087FEDFA59E" bold="true" box="[199,342,1166,1192]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Host plants.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FEBF9087FE50A59E" box="[349,473,1166,1192]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FE069086FDCDA59E" box="[484,580,1167,1192]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FE069086FDCDA59E" box="[484,580,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Pipturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD60737FD989087FC93A59E" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[634,794,1166,1192]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="293 - 296" refId="ref102565" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1923) The leaf-miners of Pipturus. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 5 (2), 293 - 296." type="journal article" year="1923">Swezey, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FCCC9086FB43A59F" authority="A. Gray ex H. Mann" authorityName="A. Gray ex H. Mann (Swezey" authorityYear="1920" box="[814,1226,1166,1193]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FCCC9086FC6EA59E" box="[814,999,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Pipturus albidus</emphasis>
|
||
A.Gray ex H.Mann
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: new record.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD60737FF2590BBFCFBA5FA" blockId="56.[151,1437,150,1302]" box="[199,882,1202,1228]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FF2590BBFEAEA5FA" bold="true" box="[199,295,1202,1228]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown. See also biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FD6B90BAFCA2A5FA" box="[649,811,1202,1228]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obamaorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FD6B90BAFCA2A5FA" box="[649,811,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. obamaorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FCD190BBFCFBA5FA" bold="true" box="[819,882,1202,1228]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B4FFD60737FCD190BBFCFBA5FA" box="[819,882,1202,1228]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD60737FF2590DEFBE6A423" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD60737FF2590DEFBE6A423" blockId="56.[151,1437,150,1302]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FF2590DEFEB2A5C7" bold="true" box="[199,315,1239,1265]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
We observed several
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FDDA90DEFD11A5C6" box="[568,664,1239,1264]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FDDA90DEFD11A5C6" box="[568,664,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Pipturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
miners, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FCBB90DEFC59A5C7" box="[857,976,1239,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FCBB90DEFC59A5C7" box="[857,976,1239,1265]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. floscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FC0290DEFB05A5C7" box="[992,1164,1239,1265]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FC0290DEFB0EA5C7" box="[992,1159,1239,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obamaorum">P. obamaorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and nr.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD60737FB0E90DEFA15A5C7" box="[1260,1436,1239,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haelaauensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD60737FB0E90DEFA15A5C7" box="[1260,1436,1239,1265]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. haelaauensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring together at Puu Makaala Natural Area Reserve,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFD60737FCC290F2FCF8A423" box="[800,881,1275,1301]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Big Island) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD60737FBEC90F2FBEBA423" box="[1038,1122,1275,1301]" captionStart="FIGURE 70" captionStartId="123.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-135@122.[175,1412,381,2029]" captionTargetPageId="122" captionText="FIGURE 70. Habitats and host plants of Philodoria, Puu Makaala Natural Area Reserve, Hawaii (Big Island). A Habitat, B–D Pipturus sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681961/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 70</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |