301 lines
36 KiB
XML
301 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="48710F65E3F7A52A96255688F0FFBFCC" ID-CLB-Dataset="27715" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4541.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9c3fecf1-4e11-4c79-a908-e0a5abbaf3ca" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2617460" ID-ZooBank="B11E734C-218B-418C-84E6-719AB3C58AFF" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553927824231" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Arachchige, Gayashan M., Jayakody, Sevvandi, Mooi, Rich & Kroh, Andreas" docDate="2019" docId="038087B4FF948937FF02FF2371719A13" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4541.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4541 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Echinocyamus truncatus L. Agassiz 1841" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="FFB9FFCCFFAA8975FF95FFB47314996C" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and distribution of irregular echinoids (Echinoidea: Irregularia) from Sri Lanka" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1698715306146" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F9821D922B30E77A3ACA34C38DDBB062">Taxonomy and distribution of irregular echinoids (Echinoidea: Irregularia) from Sri Lanka</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DE292D19D49F5F63B5812A0264997E4C">Arachchige, Gayashan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A48EE2C0AA57836B3AF1C9E112951185">Jayakody, Sevvandi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4B853EF05549C4424C958A772BD30895">Mooi, Rich</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ED7B56F632397DF51DB38FC3BD5CEF73">Kroh, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E416BE6ACEC6AEEA6C996779CCF051BD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F5DB4F245E40E3E1756AE5EE6750B893">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E5946038018DC89C68B5A6DE9A50C721">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="537E0DF08842CDA55DBB048F8C0726FE">2019-01-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CEE6EDCE7BD4AFC4B9AAF0DFD265B5B1">4541</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038087B4FF948937FF02FF2371719A13" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5935460" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154529654" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5935460" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087B4FF948937FF02FF2371719A13" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087B4FF948937FF02FF2371719A13" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<subSubSection id="C3336529FF94894BFF02FF2371B899DE" box="[151,684,151,178]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF94894BFF02FF2371B899DE" blockId="62.[151,684,151,211]" box="[151,684,151,178]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<heading id="D0DE81CEFF94894BFF02FF2371B899DE" bold="true" box="[151,684,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF94894BFF02FF2371B899DE" bold="true" box="[151,684,151,178]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF94894BFF02FF23722E99DD" bold="true" box="[151,314,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Echinodiscus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FF94894BFED4FF2C71B899DE" authority="L. Agassiz, 1841" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1841" box="[321,684,151,178]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="truncatus">
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF94894BFEF3FF2372CD99DD" bold="true" box="[358,473,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">truncatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FF94894BFE74FF2C71B899DE" author="Agassiz, L." box="[481,684,152,178]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref32728" refString="Agassiz, L. (1841) Monographies d'Echinodermes vivans et fossiles. Echinites. Famille des Clypeasteroides. 2 (Seconde Monographie). Des Scutelles, Neuchatel, iv + 151 pp., 27 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 126954" type="book" year="1841">L. Agassiz, 1841</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3336529FF94894BFF02FF0E70FF985B" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF94894BFF02FF0E726199BF" blockId="62.[151,684,151,211]" box="[151,373,186,211]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<figureCitation id="13122A27FF94894BFF02FF0E723699BF" box="[151,290,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,218,1050]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1436,218,1050]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 51. Apical system, petaloid area and plates between posterior petals tips and lunules: A, Echinodiscus bisperforatus (WUSL/EI/65); B, Echinodiscus cf. truncatus (WUSL/EI/62)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617557/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Figures 51B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A27FF94894BFEBBFF0E726199BF" box="[302,373,186,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 55" captionStart-1="FIGURE 56" captionStart-2="FIGURE 57" captionStart-3="FIGURE 58" captionStartId-0="62.[151,250,1882,1904]" captionStartId-1="63.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionStartId-2="64.[151,250,819,841]" captionStartId-3="65.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,469,1861]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,193,798]" captionTargetBox-3="[184,1423,219,1824]" captionTargetId-0="figure@62.[151,1436,469,1861]" captionTargetId-1="figure@63.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetId-2="figure@64.[151,1436,193,798]" captionTargetId-3="figure@65.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId-0="62" captionTargetPageId-1="63" captionTargetPageId-2="64" captionTargetPageId-3="65" captionText-0="FIGURE 55. Echinodiscus cf. truncatus: A, aboral view with spines (WUSL/EI/63); B, oral view with spines (WUSL/EI/63); C, aboral view without spines (WUSL/EI/60); D, oral view without spines (WUSL/EI/60); E, lateral view (WUSL/EI/60)." captionText-1="FIGURE 56. Oral view and individual lunule variation in Echinodiscus cf. truncatus: A, WUSL/EI/61; B, WUSL/EI/60; C, WUSL/EI/63; D, WUSL/EI/62; E, WUSL/EI/64." captionText-2="FIGURE 57. Echinodiscus cf. truncatus (WUSL/EI/137), plate pattern of aboral and oral side: A, aboral view; B, oral view." captionText-3="FIGURE 58. Distribution map of Echinodiscus cf. truncatus recorded in this study." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2617565/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2617567/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2617569/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/2617571/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">55–58</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF94894BFF02FEB670549874" blockId="62.[151,1003,258,311]" box="[151,832,258,280]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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1841
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FF94894BFF45FEB671069874" authority="L. Agassiz" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1841" box="[208,530,258,280]" class="Echinoidea" family="Astriclypeidae" genus="Lobophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="truncata">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF94894BFF45FEB672899874" box="[208,413,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Lobophora truncata</emphasis>
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L. Agassiz
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</taxonomicName>
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: p. 66–67; pl. 11: figs. 11–16.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF94894BFF02FE9570FF985B" blockId="62.[151,1003,258,311]" box="[151,1003,289,311]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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1948b
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF94894BFF49FE9572E5985B" box="[220,497,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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Echinodiscus
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FF94894BFEFFFE9572E5985B" box="[362,497,289,311]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bisperforatus">bisperforatus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FF94894BFE62FE9671CE985B" authority="(L. Agassiz)" baseAuthorityName="L. Agassiz" box="[503,730,289,311]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="truncatus">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF94894BFE62FE967143985B" box="[503,599,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">truncatus</emphasis>
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(L. Agassiz)
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</taxonomicName>
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.—Mortensen: p. 410–411.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3336529FF94894BFF02FED0714398CC" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF94894BFF02FED0714398CC" blockId="62.[151,1436,356,416]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF94894BFF02FED072709811" bold="true" box="[151,356,356,381]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Material studied.</emphasis>
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Five denuded specimens: WUSL/EI/60, EI/61, and EI/63, from Periyapaduwa and WUSL/EI/62 and EI/64, from Negombo 2,
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<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FF94894BFE74FE33714798CC" box="[481,595,391,416]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF56662AFF94894BFF02F8EE767F9EE3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617565/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" startId="62.[151,250,1882,1904]" targetBox="[151,1436,469,1861]" targetPageId="62">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF94894BFF02F8EE767F9EE3" blockId="62.[151,1436,1882,1935]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF94894BFF02F8EE72349E1C" bold="true" box="[151,288,1882,1904]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 55.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF94894BFEB3F8EE72B99E1C" box="[294,429,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Echinodiscus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FF94894BFE21F8EE71219E1C" box="[436,565,1882,1904]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="truncatus">
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF94894BFE40F8EF71219E1C" box="[469,565,1883,1904]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">truncatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: A, aboral view with spines (WUSL/EI/63); B, oral view with spines (WUSL/EI/63); C, aboral view without spines (WUSL/EI/60); D, oral view without spines (WUSL/EI/60); E, lateral view (WUSL/EI/60).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF56662AFF95894AFF02F8E1719D9EE6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617567/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" startId="63.[151,250,1877,1899]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1856]" targetPageId="63">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF95894AFF02F8E1719D9EE6" blockId="63.[151,1435,1877,1930]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF95894AFF02F8E172359E06" bold="true" box="[151,289,1877,1899]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 56.</emphasis>
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Oral view and individual lunule variation in
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF95894AFD6DF8E1706B9E07" box="[760,895,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Echinodiscus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FF95894AFC12F8E1771D9E07" box="[903,1033,1877,1899]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="truncatus">
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF95894AFC3FF8E2771D9E07" box="[938,1033,1878,1899]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">truncatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: A, WUSL/EI/61; B, WUSL/EI/60; C, WUSL/EI/63; D, WUSL/EI/62; E, WUSL/EI/64.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF56662AFFEA8935FF02FC8776979A25" box="[151,1411,819,841]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617569/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" startId="64.[151,250,819,841]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,798]" targetPageId="64">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEA8935FF02FC8776979A25" blockId="64.[151,1411,819,841]" box="[151,1411,819,841]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEA8935FF02FC8772349A25" bold="true" box="[151,288,819,841]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 57.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEA8935FEB0FC8772B89A25" box="[293,428,819,841]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Echinodiscus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFEA8935FE26FC8771279A25" box="[435,563,819,841]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="truncatus">
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEA8935FE46FC8071279A25" box="[467,563,820,841]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">truncatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(WUSL/EI/137), plate pattern of aboral and oral side: A, aboral view; B, oral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C3336529FFEA8935FF52FCC476039EAD" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEA8935FF52FCC473FA9D50" blockId="64.[151,1437,880,1985]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEA8935FF52FCC4724D9AE5" bold="true" box="[199,345,880,905]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEA8935FEF5FCC4711D9AE5" box="[352,521,880,905]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Shape and size</emphasis>
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—Test small,
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<quantity id="4CD19B47FFEA8935FD32FCC4705F9AE4" box="[679,843,880,905]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.53" metricValueMax="4.81" metricValueMin="2.25" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="35.3" valueMax="48.1" valueMin="22.5">22.5–48.1 mm</quantity>
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TL; TW 107–114% TL; height c. 14% TL; margins of ambulacra II, III, IV, and interambulacrum 5 indented; oral side flat to slightly concave, infundibulum depth 1–4% TL; food grooves bifurcating, closely following lunules and pressure drainage channels; well-defined fields of smaller tubercles in ambulacra compared to interambulacra on oral surface; plate sutures of aboral surface marked with light coloured margins, slightly depressed suture area gives impression of slight inflation of plate centres.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEA8935FF52FBFC76439D0D" blockId="64.[151,1437,880,1985]" box="[199,1367,1096,1121]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEA8935FF52FBFC72769D0D" box="[199,354,1096,1121]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Apical system</emphasis>
|
||
—Monobasal, with four circular gonopores; subcentral, 45–51% TL from anterior margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEA8935FF52FBD877D99F7C" blockId="64.[151,1437,880,1985]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEA8935FF52FBD872579DE9" box="[199,323,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Ambulacra</emphasis>
|
||
—Petals small, closed distally, except for petal III which is slightly open, especially so in small specimens; petaloid length approximately 42% TL; petal III slightly longer than others, length 22% TL, anterior paired petals approximately 20% TL, posterior paired petals shortest, 17% TL; relative width of all petals similar, c. 10% TL; pores distinctly conjugated, with sharply delimited furrows deepening towards outer pore; inner pores small and rounded, outer pores large and elongated; 3–7 primary tubercles on ridges between furrows; pairs of miliary tubercles between consecutive primary tubercles; elongated lunules in posterior ambulacra, mean LL 21% TL; lunules of variable width, 5–11% TL; SI of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFEA8935FD29FAF1708A9C31" author="Stara, P. & Fois, M." box="[700,926,1348,1373]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="269 - 290" refId="ref36204" refString="Stara, P. & Fois, M. (2014) Analysis on a sample of Echinodiscus cf. auritus Leske, 1778 (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida), Biodiversity Journal, 5, 269 - 290." type="journal article" year="2014">Stara & Fois (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
0.2–0.5; WI 3.7–5.7; LL greater than that of shortest petal; angle between lunules 75°–87°; distance between tips of posterior petals and lunules 7–11% TL; two pairs of plates between petal and lunule; four pairs of basicoronal plates in oral ambulacrum; food grooves bifurcating close to peristome, with more or less well-developed lateral branches encroaching upon interambulacra; oral ambulacra with much more densely packed and smaller tubercles than interambulacra; sharply delimited darker-coloured ambulacra relative to interambulacra; ambulacral width at ambitus 25–28% TL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEA8935FF52F9A872679F11" blockId="64.[151,1437,880,1985]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEA8935FF52F9A872639F59" box="[199,375,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Interambulacra</emphasis>
|
||
—Oral interambulacra with less dense field of larger tubercles than ambulacra; interambulacrum 5 width at ambitus 37–40% TL; oral interambulacra all disjunct, widest gap observed in interambulacrum 5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEA8935FF52F93E71029F85" blockId="64.[151,1437,880,1985]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEA8935FF52F93E722D9FCD" box="[199,313,1674,1697]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Peristome</emphasis>
|
||
—Round to subpentagonal, small, 4–7% TL in diameter; absolute peristome size not increasing at same rate as test with growth, relative peristome size is smallest in largest specimen; peristome anterior of centre, 44–48% TL from anterior margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEA8935FF52F94276699E61" blockId="64.[151,1437,880,1985]" box="[199,1405,1780,1805]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEA8935FF52F94272259E61" box="[199,305,1782,1805]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Periproct</emphasis>
|
||
—Small, 2–4% TL; lies orally, 4–8% TL from posterior edge; bounded by plates 5.a.2/5.a.3/5.b.3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEA8935FF52F8AC72449E39" blockId="64.[151,1437,880,1985]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEA8935FF52F8AC72B19E5D" bold="true" box="[199,421,1816,1841]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Geographic range.</emphasis>
|
||
Indian Ocean, from Red Sea, East Coast of Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFEA8935FC78F8AD77A09E5D" author="Mortensen, T." box="[1005,1204,1816,1841]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refId="ref35386" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 b) A Monograph of the Echinoidea IV. 2. Clypeasteroida. Clypeasteridae, Arachnoidae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 471 pp." type="book" year="1948">Mortensen 1948b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFEA8935FB74F8AC76469E5D" box="[1249,1362,1816,1841]" name="Singapore" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFEA8935FAF4F8AD72509E39" author="Stara, P. & Sanciu, L." pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="291 - 358" refId="ref36243" refString="Stara, P. & Sanciu, L. (2014) Analysis of some astriclypeids (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida). Biodiversity Journal, 5, 291 - 358." type="journal article" year="2014">Stara & Sanciu 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEA8935FF52F8D470589E15" blockId="64.[151,1437,880,1985]" box="[199,844,1888,1913]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEA8935FF52F8D472BA9E15" bold="true" box="[199,430,1888,1913]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Bathymetric range.</emphasis>
|
||
Littoral to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B47FFEA8935FDB8F8D571729E14" box="[557,614,1889,1913]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFEA8935FDE0F8D570549E15" author="Mortensen, T." box="[629,832,1888,1913]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refId="ref35386" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 b) A Monograph of the Echinoidea IV. 2. Clypeasteroida. Clypeasteridae, Arachnoidae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 471 pp." type="book" year="1948">Mortensen 1948b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEA8935FF52F83076039EAD" blockId="64.[151,1437,880,1985]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEA8935FF52F830716B9EF1" bold="true" box="[199,639,1924,1949]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Observed occurrence in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFEA8935FE6FF830716E9EF1" box="[506,634,1924,1949]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens were collected from muddy shorelines along the northwestern coast (Periyapaduwa) at
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B47FFEA8935FD9CF81D71469EAC" box="[521,594,1961,1985]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 m</quantity>
|
||
, and near a fish landing site in Negombo 2 Sri Lanka (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A27FFEA8935FB23F81C761E9EAD" box="[1206,1290,1960,1985]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[184,1423,219,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 58. Distribution map of Echinodiscus cf. truncatus recorded in this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617571/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF56662AFFEB8934FF02F8E170F39E07" box="[151,999,1877,1899]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617571/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" startId="65.[151,250,1877,1899]" targetBox="[184,1423,219,1824]" targetPageId="65">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEB8934FF02F8E170F39E07" blockId="65.[151,999,1877,1899]" box="[151,999,1877,1899]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEB8934FF02F8E172349E06" bold="true" box="[151,288,1877,1899]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 58.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution map of
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEB8934FE61F8E1716F9E07" box="[500,635,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Echinodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFEB8934FD14F8E170159E07" box="[641,769,1877,1899]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="truncatus">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEB8934FD34F8E270159E07" box="[673,769,1878,1899]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">truncatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded in this study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336529FFE88937FF52FF2370629B74" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE88937FF52FF23718E982C" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE88937FF52FF23722F99DC" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE88937FE56FF2C71C899DC" author="Stara, P. & Sanciu, L." box="[451,732,151,176]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="291 - 358" refId="ref36243" refString="Stara, P. & Sanciu, L. (2014) Analysis of some astriclypeids (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida). Biodiversity Journal, 5, 291 - 358." type="journal article" year="2014">Stara and Sanciu (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the specimens in this study were identified as
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE88937FA93FF23768F99DC" box="[1286,1435,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Echinodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
because of the “almost vertical” (i.e. almost parallel to the anterior-posterior axis) suture between plates 5.a.2 and 5.b.2 and the low number of plates between the ends of the petals and the lunules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A27FFE88937FBA5FF6B77839994" box="[1072,1175,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,218,1050]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1436,218,1050]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 51. Apical system, petaloid area and plates between posterior petals tips and lunules: A, Echinodiscus bisperforatus (WUSL/EI/65); B, Echinodiscus cf. truncatus (WUSL/EI/62)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617557/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 51B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The shape and size of the lunules show marked variation among the examined specimens. The largest specimen has a low SI, but high WI, small specimens show the opposite trend.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE88937FF52FEF8718698C0" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
The second Sri Lankan
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE88937FE47FEF871739809" box="[466,615,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Echinodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFE88937FD58FEF970959809" box="[717,897,332,357]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bisperforatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE88937FD58FEF970959809" box="[717,897,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">E. bisperforatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has long, slit like lunules (length 34% TL) and a wide angle (112°) between them, whereas
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE88937FD19FEDB703598E4" box="[652,801,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Echinodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFE88937FCBDFEDB70A398E4" box="[808,951,367,392]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="truncatus">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE88937FCD8FEC570A398E4" box="[845,951,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">truncatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has shorter and wider lunules (length 21% TL), which form an acute angle of about 81°.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE88937FF52FE0370629B74" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
The Sri Lankan material differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFE88937FDEFFE0D701198BC" box="[634,773,441,464]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="truncatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE88937FDEFFE0D701198BC" box="[634,773,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">E. truncatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE88937FC3DFE0C77A898BC" author="Stara, P. & Sanciu, L." box="[936,1212,439,464]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="291 - 358" refId="ref36243" refString="Stara, P. & Sanciu, L. (2014) Analysis of some astriclypeids (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida). Biodiversity Journal, 5, 291 - 358." type="journal article" year="2014">Stara and Sanciu (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
by its higher angle between lunules (81° vs. 67°), different periproct position (5.a.2/5.a.3/5.b.3 vs. 5.a.2/5.b.2/5.b.3), higher SI (0.37 vs. 0.22), lower WI (4.7 vs. 8.68), and much simpler food groves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336529FFE88937FF52FD9072E29B9C" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE88937FF52FD9077CC9BE9" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE88937FF52FD9072489B51" box="[199,348,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Echinodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFE88937FEF6FD9072E49B50" box="[355,496,548,573]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="truncatus">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE88937FE13FD9172E49B50" box="[390,496,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">truncatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE88937FD11FD90700D9B51" box="[644,793,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Echinodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 1 by its large peristome (5.6% TL vs. <2.5% TL) and by the position of the periproct.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFE88937FE69FDFD70BA9B0C" authority="Stara & Sanciu, 2014" authorityName="Stara & Sanciu" authorityYear="2014" box="[508,942,583,608]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="andamanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE88937FE69FDFD71AE9B0C" box="[508,698,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">E. andamanensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE88937FD54FDFC70BA9B0C" author="Stara, P. & Sanciu, L." box="[705,942,583,608]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="291 - 358" refId="ref36243" refString="Stara, P. & Sanciu, L. (2014) Analysis of some astriclypeids (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida). Biodiversity Journal, 5, 291 - 358." type="journal article" year="2014">Stara & Sanciu, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the examined specimens by the position of the periproct, which opens between the plates 5.b.2/5.a.2 or between 5.b.2/5.a.2/5.a.3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE88937FF52FD2472E29B9C" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE88937FF52FD2471199BC4" author="Stara, P. & Sanciu, L." box="[199,525,655,680]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="291 - 358" refId="ref36243" refString="Stara, P. & Sanciu, L. (2014) Analysis of some astriclypeids (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida). Biodiversity Journal, 5, 291 - 358." type="journal article" year="2014">Stara and Sanciu (2014: 305)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
report a fossil species called
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE88937FCCDFD3B70F99BC4" box="[856,1005,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Echinodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 2 from the Pleistocene of Hurgada (Red Sea) that shows many similarities to the present material, notably in periproct position, angle between lunules, and complexity of food groves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336529FFE88937FF52FD4871719A13" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE88937FF52FD4871719A13" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE88937FEF6FD4872E09A78" author="Clark, H. L." box="[355,500,764,789]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref34266" refString="Clark, H. L. (1914) Hawaiian and other Pacific Echini-the Clypeasteridae, Arachnoididae, Laganidae, Fibulariidae, and Scutellidae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 46, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1914">Clark (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE88937FE69FD4871859A79" box="[508,657,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Echinodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFE88937FD0CFD4870C59A78" box="[665,977,764,789]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="bisperforatus" variety="truncatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE88937FD0CFD48703A9A79" box="[665,814,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">bisperforatus</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE88937FCF2FD4970C59A78" box="[871,977,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">truncatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has “lunules shorter than shortest petal” but in the examined specimens the lunules are usually longer than the shortest petal, sometimes matching petal III in length. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE88937FE23FCF071C09A30" author="Stara, P. & Sanciu, L." box="[438,724,836,861]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="291 - 358" refId="ref36243" refString="Stara, P. & Sanciu, L. (2014) Analysis of some astriclypeids (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida). Biodiversity Journal, 5, 291 - 358." type="journal article" year="2014">Stara and Sanciu (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE88937FD70FCF070989A30" author="Clark, H. L." box="[741,908,836,861]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref34266" refString="Clark, H. L. (1914) Hawaiian and other Pacific Echini-the Clypeasteridae, Arachnoididae, Laganidae, Fibulariidae, and Scutellidae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 46, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1914">Clark’s (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFE88937FC0DFCF177319A30" box="[920,1061,837,860]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="truncatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE88937FC0DFCF177319A30" box="[920,1061,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">E. truncatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have been a misidentified specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFE88937FEB3FCD3714A9AEC" baseAuthorityName="L. Agassiz & Desor" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[294,606,871,896]" class="Echinoidea" family="Astriclypeidae" genus="Sculpsitechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE88937FEB3FCD3714A9AEC" box="[294,606,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Sculpsitechinus tenuissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |