treatments-xml/data/5D/6C/68/5D6C6869CE1E59C68F434844C1BB4EF4.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.73.47287" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e69a7827-2a2d-4199-af4c-8096e15556d9" ID-PMC="PMC7501315" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-73-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="ADB812DA92205A9DA65EA6FA44125801" ID-PubMed="32994702" ModsDocID="1314-4049-73-1" checkinTime="1599895520989" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Spjut, Richard, Simon, Antoine, Guissard, Martin, Magain, Nicolas &amp; Serusiaux, Emmanuel" docDate="2020" docId="5D6C6869CE1E59C68F434844C1BB4EF4" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 73: 1-68" docOrigin="MycoKeys 73" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.73.47287" docTitle="Ramalina lusitanica H. Magn., Bot. Notiser 109: 149 1956" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="ADB812DA92205A9DA65EA6FA44125801" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="ADB812DA92205A9DA65EA6FA44125801" masterDocTitle="The fruticose genera in the Ramalinaceae (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes): their diversity and evolutionary history" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668136545670" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The fruticose genera in the Ramalinaceae (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes): their diversity and evolutionary history</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Spjut, Richard</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>World Botanical Associates, PO Box 81145, Bakersfield, California 93380, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Simon, Antoine</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Evolution and Conservation Biology Unit, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallee 1, chemin de la vallee 4, B- 4000 Liege, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Guissard, Martin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Evolution and Conservation Biology Unit, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallee 1, chemin de la vallee 4, B- 4000 Liege, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Magain, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Evolution and Conservation Biology Unit, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallee 1, chemin de la vallee 4, B- 4000 Liege, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Serusiaux, Emmanuel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Evolution and Conservation Biology Unit, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallee 1, chemin de la vallee 4, B- 4000 Liege, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0456-0131</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">e.serusiaux@uliege.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>73</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>68</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.73.47287</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.73.47287</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-73-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">ADB812DA92205A9DA65EA6FA44125801</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="167606529" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5D6C6869CE1E59C68F434844C1BB4EF4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D6C6869CE1E59C68F434844C1BB4EF4" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="5D6C6869-CE1E-59C6-8F43-4844C1BB4EF4" authority="H. Magn., Bot. Notiser 109: 149 (1956)" authorityName="H. Magn., Bot. Notiser 109: 149" authorityYear="1956" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ramalina lusitanica" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lusitanica">Ramalina lusitanica H. Magn., Bot. Notiser 109: 149 (1956)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Species in Ramalina A R. crispans (holotype: left-hand specimen; other specimen from Morocco: right-hand) B R. lusitanica (Morocco, leg. J. Gattefosse, BC) C, D R. lusitanica (Italy / Sardinia, accession LG DNA 1525). Scale: 1 mm (C). Photographs by E. Serusiaux." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.73.47287.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/451996" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 12B-D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Portugal - Estramadura, Serra da Arrabida, between Setubal and Torre de Outao; 01.05.1931; G. Degelius leg.; on trees (UPS L-78721! - holotype).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Thallus corticolous, usually on branchlets, erect or rarely partly pendulous, up to 4-5 cm in diam., with a fan-shaped appearance (with terminal apothecia) or a small-cushion one; lobes divided dichotomously or trichotomously, rather stiff, flat or slightly concave, up to 3-4 mm large just before the first division; upper surface slightly grooved or channelled, often longitudinally ridged; lower surface undulating, distinctly scrobiculate on well-developed lobes. Apothecia usually present and abundant, terminal or lateral on young lobes, up to 4-5 mm in diam., usually 2-3 mm, disc concave, with no spur or with the lobe margin that carry the apothecium developing into a ligulate to triangular spur. Ascospores straight or slightly concave, 10-14 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. Pycnidia not found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chemistry">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chemistry.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Divaricatic and usnic acid, unknown fatty acid.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Corticolous on branchlets in forest or more open areas at low elevation in the western Mediterranean region, so far confirmed on DNA-basis from the islands of Corsica (France) and Sardinia (Italy); probably more widespread.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The type collection of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Magn., Bot. Notiser 109: 149" authorityYear="1956" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ramalina lusitanica" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lusitanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ramalina lusitanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has many small and brittle fragments, with an upper surface with verruciform ridges, reticulate lower surface and several apothecia. Its author considered it was close to &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ramalina evernioides" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="evernioides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ramalina evernioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; that represents the taxon now named 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. lacera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lacera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. lacera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; he added that it &quot;cannot be considered a variety of that species on account of absolute absence of sorediate parts and of distinct reticulation&quot;. We were able to produce DNA sequences out of material collected in Italy/Sardinia and France/Corsica and therefore to stabilize this epithet erratically used, because of confusion with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. canariensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="canariensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. canariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. lacera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lacera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. lacera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Typical specimens are easily recognized (when young) by their fan-shaped, rather rigid lobes, some being slightly concave, usually longitudinally striate, without fenestrations, usually with abundant and terminal apothecia and production of divaricatic acid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Magn., Bot. Notiser 109: 149" authorityYear="1956" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ramalina lusitanica" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lusitanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ramalina lusitanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is resolved as a distinct species in a clade together with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. huei" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="huei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. huei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and all accessions of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. requienii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="requienii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. requienii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Macaronesia, here assigned to the newly described 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. krogiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="krogiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. krogiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. huei" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="huei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. huei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Several species of Ramalina A R. hoehneliana, hanging down the branches of a large Strombosia scheffleri in Gishwati forest (Rwanda) B R. sinensis (Armenia) C R. azorica (Azores, Pico) D R. huei (Canary Is., Tenerife) E R. nodosa (Canary Is., Tenerife). Photographs by E. Serusiaux." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.73.47287.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/451988" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4D</figureCitation>
) develops pendulous thalli, usually exuberant (5-20 cm long) and with convoluted lobes, lateral apothecia and pseudocyphellae; when these are lateral, they induce separation of cortex layers, thus exposing the medulla; such features are not encountered in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. lusitanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lusitanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. lusitanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Harmand" authorityYear="1911" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ramalina huei" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="huei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ramalina huei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
thrives in the Canary Islands, the Cabo Verde archipelago and southern Portugal (
<bibRefCitation author="Krog, H" journalOrPublisher="Norwegian Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="255 - 296" refId="B83" refString="Krog, H, Osthagen, H, 1980. The genus Ramalina in the Canary Islands. Norwegian Journal of Botany 27: 255 - 296" title="The genus Ramalina in the Canary Islands." volume="27" year="1980">
Krog and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Østhagen">Osthagen</normalizedToken>
1980
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Aptroot, A" journalOrPublisher="Sauteria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="21 - 57" refId="B8" refString="Aptroot, A, Schumm, F, 2008. Key to Ramalina species known from Atlantic islands, with two new species from the Azores. Sauteria 15: 21 - 57" title="Key to Ramalina species known from Atlantic islands, with two new species from the Azores." volume="15" year="2008">Aptroot and Schumm 2008</bibRefCitation>
). Interestingly, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. lusitanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lusitanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. lusitanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not closely related to the mainly epiphytic 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. canariensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="canariensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. canariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the saxicolous 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. requienii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="requienii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. requienii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both species producing divaricatic acid and occurring abundantly in the Mediterranean region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Without identification of its secondary metabolite (divaricatic acid), the general appearance of this species brings it close to forms of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. fastigiata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fastigiata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. fastigiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(producing evernic acid) or 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. panizzei" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="panizzei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. panizzei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. elegans" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(both producing acids in the sekikaic group). Further information about these species can be found in 
<bibRefCitation author="Arroyo, R" journalOrPublisher="Cryptogamic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="22 - 27" refId="B9" refString="Arroyo, R, Serina, E, 1995. Ramalina elegans (Lichenes, Ramalinaceae) a taxon which has been mistaken for Ramalina calicaris and R. fastigiata in the Iberian Peninsula. Cryptogamic Botany 5 (1): 22 - 27" title="Ramalina elegans (Lichenes, Ramalinaceae) a taxon which has been mistaken for Ramalina calicaris and R. fastigiata in the Iberian Peninsula." volume="5" year="1995">
Arroyo and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Seriñá">Serina</normalizedToken>
(1995)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1006/lich.1997.0098" author="Groner, U" journalOrPublisher="The Lichenologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="441 - 454" refId="B59" refString="Groner, U, LaGreca, S, 1997. The 'Mediterranean' Ramalina panizzei north of the Alps: morphological, chemical and rDNA sequence data. The Lichenologist 29 (5): 441 - 454, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/lich.1997.0098" title="The ' Mediterranean' Ramalina panizzei north of the Alps: morphological, chemical and rDNA sequence data." url="https://doi.org/10.1006/lich.1997.0098" volume="29" year="1997">Groner and LaGreca (1997)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
We considered 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ramalina latzelii" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="latzelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ramalina latzelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Zahlbr., a species producing divaricatic acid and abundant apothecia, as a putative synonym. This epithet was reduced into synonymy with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. canariensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="canariensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. canariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Poelt (1969) and examination of the type material (W) confirms that it is, indeed, a fertile rather than sorediate form of that species; divaricatic acid is detected by TLC.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
France - Corsica, Terzanili; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="25.21" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="41.420166">41°25.21'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="east" minutes="12.37" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="9.206166">09°12.37'E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 60 m; 10.2010; M. Guissard &amp; E. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sérusiaux">Serusiaux</normalizedToken>
; olive orchard (LG DNA 1702); [DNA: MN811471 (LSU), MN811275 (ITS), MN757073 (RPB1), MN757273 (RPB2)] Italy - Sardinia, E of Sanat Teresa, La Licciola; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="13.33" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="41.222168">41°13.33'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="east" minutes="15.32" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="9.255333">09°15.32'E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 70 m; 10.2010; M. Guissard &amp; E. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sérusiaux">Serusiaux</normalizedToken>
leg; on twigs in disused olive plantation; (LG DNA 1525); DNA: MN811462 (LSU), MN811266 (ITS), MN757064 (RPB1), MN757269 (RPB2)] Morocco - Oued &quot;Rotbar, sur racines accidentellement 
<normalizedToken originalValue="découvertes">decouvertes</normalizedToken>
de 
<taxonomicName genus="Chamerops" lsidName="Chamerops humilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="humilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chamerops humilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;, 01.06.1937, leg. J. Gattefosse leg. (BC). - Morocco, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“forêt">&quot;foret</normalizedToken>
de Boulhaut 
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aîn">Ain</normalizedToken>
Sferdjla, sur 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Desf" authorityYear="1798" baseAuthorityName="Jacq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhus pentaphylla" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pentaphylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhus pentaphylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;, 20.02.1939, J. Gattefosse leg. (BC). TLC for both collections from Morocco by Amami 
<taxonomicName genus="N." lsidName="N." pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">N.</taxonomicName>
, Arroyo &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Seriñá">Serina</normalizedToken>
, annotation of May 2002.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Type collection of 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ramalina latzelii" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="latzelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ramalina latzelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Zahlbr., Oesterr. Botan. Zeitschrift 60: 18 (1910): Croatia - &quot;Dalmatien, Meleda, an 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus halep" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halep">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pinus halep</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. auf der Grabova&quot;, ca. 200 m, 18.02.1908, leg. Dr. A. Latzel n° 22&quot; (W! - holotype).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>