233 lines
21 KiB
XML
233 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491" ID-GBIF-Dataset="16f08073-854b-40a2-aef9-72a97c85c8bd" ID-PMC="PMC3391731" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-205-59" ID-PubMed="22792035" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-205-59" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 205" ModsDocTitle="A review of the spider genus Haplodrassus Chamberlin, 1922 in Crimea (Ukraine) and adjacent areas (Araneae, Gnaphosidae)" checkinTime="1451248915768" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kovblyuk, Mykola M., Kastrygina, Zoya A. & Omelko, Mikhail M." docDate="2012" docId="EA8CAEF86F6EB9F89FD1425E53386157" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 205: 59-89" docOrigin="ZooKeys 205" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491" docTitle="Haplodrassus signifer C. L. Koch 1839" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="70" masterDocId="FFC2BD6FFFD62C69FFC3EC55350AFFA3" masterDocTitle="A review of the spider genus Haplodrassus Chamberlin, 1922 in Crimea (Ukraine) and adjacent areas (Araneae, Gnaphosidae)" masterLastPageNumber="89" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="68" updateTime="1668154130483" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of the spider genus Haplodrassus Chamberlin, 1922 in Crimea (Ukraine) and adjacent areas (Araneae, Gnaphosidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kovblyuk, Mykola M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kastrygina, Zoya A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Omelko, Mikhail M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>205</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>59</mods:start>
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<mods:end>89</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-205-59</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152036244" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EA8CAEF86F6EB9F89FD1425E53386157" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA8CAEF86F6EB9F89FD1425E53386157" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="68" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="68">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Haplodrassus_signifer" authority="C. L. Koch, 1839" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1839" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Haplodrassus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haplodrassus signifer" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signifer">Haplodrassus signifer (C.L. Koch, 1839)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 71
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–7477–">-7477-</normalizedToken>
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78
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="69" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Haplodrassus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haplodrassus signifer" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signifer">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="69" start="start">Haplodrassus</pageBreakToken>
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signifer
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Tullgren, A" journalOrPublisher="Clubionidae, Zoridae och Gnaphosidae. Entomologiska Foreningen, Stockholm" pageId="14" pageNumber="73" title="Svenska spindelfauna: 3. Egentliga spindlar. Araneae. Fam. 5 - 7." year="1946">Tullgren 1946</bibRefCitation>
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: 98, f. 30A, pl. 16, f. 197-200 (♂♀).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Haplodrassus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haplodrassus signifer" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signifer">Haplodrassus signifer</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Miller, F" journalOrPublisher="Acta Universitatis Carolinae - Biologica" pageId="13" pageNumber="72" pagination="157 - 171" title="Neue spinnenarten aus der gattung Zelotes Distel und Haplodrassus Chamberlin (Araneae, Gnaphosidae)." volume="6" year="1977">Miller and Buchar 1977</bibRefCitation>
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: 168, pl. II, f. 7-10 (♂♀).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Haplodrassus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haplodrassus signifer" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signifer">Haplodrassus signifer</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Thaler, K" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="14" pageNumber="73" pagination="189 - 193" title="Haplodrassus aenus n. sp. aus Oesterreich und der Schweiz (Arachnida: Araneae, Gnaphosidae)." volume="57" year="1984">Thaler 1984</bibRefCitation>
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: 189, f. 9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d–f">d-f</normalizedToken>
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, i (♂).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Haplodrassus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haplodrassus signifer" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signifer">Haplodrassus signifer</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Grimm, U" journalOrPublisher="Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg and Berlin" pageId="13" pageNumber="72" title="Die Gnaphosidae Mitteleuropas (Arachnida, Aranei)." year="1985">Grimm 1985</bibRefCitation>
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: 146, f. 146-148, 170-171 (♂♀).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Haplodrassus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haplodrassus signifer" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signifer">Haplodrassus signifer</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Roberts, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Harley Books, Colchester" pageId="14" pageNumber="73" title="The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 1: Atypidae to Theridiosomatidae." year="1985">Roberts 1985</bibRefCitation>
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: 66, f. 23g (♂♀).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Haplodrassus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haplodrassus signifer" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signifer">Haplodrassus signifer</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Marusik, YM" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Fennica" pageId="13" pageNumber="72" pagination="11 - 45" title="Spiders (Araneae) from the Altai area, southern Siberia." volume="201" year="1996">Marusik et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: 26, f. 66-68, 70 (♂♀).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Haplodrassus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haplodrassus signifer" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signifer">Haplodrassus signifer</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Roberts, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Tirion, Baarn" pageId="14" pageNumber="73" title="Spinnengids." year="1998">Roberts 1998</bibRefCitation>
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: 109, f. (♂♀).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Haplodrassus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haplodrassus signifer" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signifer">Haplodrassus signifer</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Levy, G" journalOrPublisher="Israel Journal of Zoology" pageId="13" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 37" title="Spiders of the genera Drassodes and Haplodrassus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) from Israel." volume="50" year="2004">Levy 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 19, f. 46-52 (mf).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Haplodrassus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haplodrassus signifer" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signifer">Haplodrassus signifer</taxonomicName>
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: Songet al. 2004: 139, f. 82
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–I">A-I</normalizedToken>
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(♂♀).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Haplodrassus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haplodrassus signifer" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signifer">Haplodrassus signifer</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Almquist, S" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics and Evolution" pageId="13" pageNumber="72" pagination="285 - 601" title="Swedish Araneae, part 2 - families Dictynidae to Salticidae." volume="63" year="2006">Almquist 2006</bibRefCitation>
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: 411, f. 354
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–i">a-i</normalizedToken>
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(♂♀). For a complete list of references see
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<bibRefCitation pageId="10" pageNumber="69">Platnick (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="69" type="records from crimea">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="69">Records from Crimea.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="69">
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<bibRefCitation author="Thorell, T" journalOrPublisher="Horae Societatis entomologicae Rossicae" pageId="14" pageNumber="73" pagination="39 - 122" title="Verzeichniss Suedrussischer Spinnen." volume="11" year="1875">Thorell (1875)</bibRefCitation>
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- sub
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Drassus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drassus troglodytes" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">Drassus troglodytes</taxonomicName>
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C.L. Koch;
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<bibRefCitation author="Spassky, SA" journalOrPublisher="Izvestiya Donskogo Instituta selskogo khozyaistva i melioratsii" pageId="14" pageNumber="73" pagination="66 - 80" title="Contributions a la faune des araignees de la Tauride." volume="7" year="1927">Spassky (1927)</bibRefCitation>
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- sub
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Drassodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drassodes" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Drassodes</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Charitonov, DE" journalOrPublisher="Izdatelstvo AN SSSR, Leningrad" pageId="13" pageNumber="72" title="Katalog der russischen spinnen." year="1932">Charitonov (1932)</bibRefCitation>
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- sub
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Drassodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drassodes" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Drassodes</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Ovtsharenko, VI" journalOrPublisher="Entomologicheskoe obozrenie" pageId="13" pageNumber="72" pagination="830 - 844" title="A systematic list of the spider family Gnaphosidae (Aranei) of the European part of the USSR and the Caucasus)." volume="61" year="1982">Ovtsharenko (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Mikhailov, KG" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Museum of the Moscow State University, Moscow" pageId="13" pageNumber="72" title="Catalogue of the spiders (Arachnida, Aranei) of the territories of the former Soviet Union." year="1997">Mikhailov (1997)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kovblyuk, NM" journalOrPublisher="Series: Biology" pageId="13" pageNumber="72" pagination="94 - 98" title="About the necessity of forest edges examining during the study of local fauna of spiders (Arachnida, Aranei). Uchenye zapiski TNU." volume="14" year="2001">Kovblyuk (2001</bibRefCitation>
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, 2004,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="10" pageNumber="69">2006</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<bibRefCitation author="Kovblyuk, MM" journalOrPublisher="Annals" pageId="13" pageNumber="72" pagination="207 - 210" title="Addition to the spiders check-list (Aranei) of Karadag. Karadag Nature Reserve of Ukrainian Academy of Sciences." volume="22" year="2007">Kovblyuk and Kukushkin (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kovblyuk, MM" journalOrPublisher="N. Orianda, Simpheropol" pageId="13" pageNumber="72" title="Brief atlas of spiders (Arachnida, Aranei) of Karadag Nature Reserve." year="2008">Kovblyuk et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="69" type="material">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="69">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="69">
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UKRAINE, CRIMEA:Feodosiya Distr.:5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (TNU), Karadag Nature Reserve, 27.04.2004.-23.05.2008, M.M. Kovblyuk, O.V. Kukushkin. Saky Distr.: 121 ♂♂, 27 ♀♀ (TNU), near Pribrezhnaya railway station, 16.04.-24.06.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk. Simferopol Distr.: 2 ♂♂ (EMZ), near Simferopol water reservoir, 2.05.1997, M.M. Kovblyuk & G.V. Reutov; 1 ♀ (EMZ), near Strogonovka Vill., 16.05.1997, M.M. Kovblyuk & S. Dyadyushkin; 46 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (EMZ), near Kirpichnoe Vill., 14.05.-12.06.1997, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 ♀ (TNU), near Fersmanovo Vill.,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kesslers’">Kesslers'</normalizedToken>
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forest, 350-400 m, 6-23.06.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 ♂ (TNU), Bayrakly Mt. (519 m), ~ 400 m, 26.05.-6.06.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (TNU), near Lozovoe Vill., ~ 250 m, 1.05.-6.06.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 8 ♂♂ (TNU), near Simferopol water reservoir, 1.05.-23.06.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (TNU), Simferopol, Bitak Mt., 3.05.-6.06.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 4 ♂♂ (TNU), Chatyr-Dag Mt., 20-17.07.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 267 ♂♂, 51 ♀♀ (TNU), near Skvortsovo Vill., 12.03.-30.06.2002, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 ♀ (TNU), Lozovoe Vill., 18.05.2006, M.M. Kovblyuk. Sudak Distr.: 9 ♂♂ (TNU), 10 km W from Sudak Town, Mezhdurechie Vill., 6.05.-22.05.2010, M.K. Yusufova. Yalta Distr.: 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (TNU), 1 km N Nikita Vill., 22.04.-30.05.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (YMC), Nikitskaya Yaila Mt. range, (=Skrinita), ~ 1200 m, 2.06.-3.07.2001, M.M. Kovblyuk; 2 ♂♂ (TNU), Yalta Mountain-Forest Natural Reserve, near Upper Nikita Lake, 28.04-12.05.2002, A.A. Khaustov; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (TNU), near Nikita Vill., 13-26.05.2002, A.A. Khaustov.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="69" type="additional material">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="69">Additional material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="69">
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SLOVAKIA. 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (TNU),
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Nova’ky">Nova'ky</normalizedToken>
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, 11.05.1990, S. Pekar. UKRAINE. Chernovtsy Area:1 ♀ (TNU), Tsetsino Town, 8-19.05.2009, V.V. Garashchuk, T.O. Auzyak. Donetsk Area: 1 ♀ (TNU), Slavyansky Distr., Svyatogorsk Town,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="49.033333">N49°02'</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="37.65">E37°39'</geoCoordinate>
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, 07.2004, N.Yu. Polchaninova. Kherson Area: 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (TNU), Henichesk Distr., Arabatskaya strelka, 4 km S Henichesk Town, 23-30.05.2011, N.A. Stasyuk. RUSSIA. Leningrad Area: 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (TNU), Nizhnesvirskyi Reserve, 21.07.1994, T.I. Oliger. Kursk Area: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (TNU), Medvensky Distr., "Kazatskaya Steppe" Department of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tsentral’no-Chernozemny">Tsentral'no-Chernozemny</normalizedToken>
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Nature Reserve, 51°30'N, 36°17'E, 20.05.-30.06.2004, N.Yu. Polchaninova. Rostov Area: 8 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (TNU from CP), Orlovsky Distr., Rostovsky Narure Reserve, Starikovskyi region, 15.06.2003 & 7.05.2004, Z.G. Prishutova. ABKHAZIA. Gagra Distr.: 3 ♀♀ (TNU), Gagra Distr., Gagra Range, Mamdzyshkha Mt. (1866 m), from border of forest (43°18'N, 40°19'E, 1705 m) to the peak, wood (
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies" order="Pinales" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Abies</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fagus" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Fagus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acer</taxonomicName>
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) and alpine meadows, 7-15.07.2009, M.M. Kovblyuk.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="70" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="70">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="70" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="70">
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The species can be easily recognized by the shape of the terminal apophysis, which has a peculiar long ridge, and also by the shape of the epigyne.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Haplodrassus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haplodrassus signifer" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signifer">Haplodrassus signifer</taxonomicName>
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is very similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Haplodrassus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haplodrassus pseudosignifer" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosignifer">Haplodrassus pseudosignifer</taxonomicName>
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(see the diagnosisfor
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Haplodrassus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haplodrassus pseudosignifer" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosignifer">Haplodrassus pseudosignifer</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="70" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Circum-Holarctic polyzonal range (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Marusik, YM" journalOrPublisher="IBPN FEB RAS, Magadan" pageId="13" pageNumber="72" title="Spiders of Tuva, South Siberia." year="2000">Marusik et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Platnick 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="70" type="habitats">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Habitats.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Steppes, meadows, shrubby communities, forests.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="70" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="70">
|
||
♂♀ - IV-VII, ♂♂ - III. In Crimea the peak activity in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="adults’">adults'</normalizedToken>
|
||
occurs in May. In Central Europe ♂♀ - IV-XII (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Nentwig et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="70" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Haplodrassus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haplodrassus signifer" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signifer">Haplodrassus signifer</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the largest and most abundant
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Haplodrassus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haplodrassus" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Haplodrassus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in Crimea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |