370 lines
32 KiB
XML
370 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835" ID-PMC="PMC5234548" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-74-35" ID-Pensoft-UUID="263BD366A41AFFD6FF80B7201E00FFBD" ID-PubMed="28127236" ID-Zenodo-Dep="165484" ModsDocID="1314-2003-74-35" checkinTime="1478665680339" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pellegrini, Marco Octavio de Oliveira, Faden, Robert B. & Almeida, Rafael Felipe de" docDate="2016" docId="BA13851B9D5C5FBD865A0E765DD2B06A" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 74: 35-78" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 74" docPubDate="2016-11-08" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835" docTitle="Murdannia engelsii M. Pell. & Faden 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="263BD366A41AFFD6FF80B7201E00FFBD" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="263BD366A41AFFD6FF80B7201E00FFBD" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of Neotropical Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="78" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1668141867892" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of Neotropical Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pellegrini, Marco Octavio de Oliveira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8783-1362</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Botanica, Rua do Matao 277, CEP 05508 - 900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil & Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leao 915, CEP 22460 - 030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil & Smithsonian Institution, NMNH, Department of Botany, MRC 166, P. O. Box 37012, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">marcooctavio.pellegrini@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Faden, Robert B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Smithsonian Institution, NMNH, Department of Botany, MRC 166, P. O. Box 37012, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Almeida, Rafael Felipe de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Botanica, Avenida Transnordestina s / n, Novo Horizonte, CEP 44036 - 900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-11-08</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>74</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>35</mods:start>
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<mods:end>78</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-74-35</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">263BD366A41AFFD6FF80B7201E00FFBD</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">165484</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182226490" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA13851B9D5C5FBD865A0E765DD2B06A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA13851B9D5C5FBD865A0E765DD2B06A" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="44" start="start">2</pageBreakToken>
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.
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<taxonomicName LSID="BA13851B-9D5C-5FBD-865A-0E765DD2B06A" authority="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia engelsii" order="Commelinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelsii" status="sp. nov.">Murdannia engelsii M.Pell. & Faden</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="9" pageNumber="44">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Murdannia engelsii M. Pell. & Faden. A Sandy banks of rio Teles Pires, white arrow showing a subpopulation of Murdannia engelsii B detail of the stem, showing the conduplicate and falcate leaves, with amplexicaul bases C detail of the inflorescence, showing the deflexed pedicels at post-anthesis D side view of a male flower, showing the short and bent style. E front view of a bisexual flower, showing the long curved style F detail of a young fruit, showing the pedicel and sepals with glandular hairs, gently curved style and capitate stigma G-J seeds: G dorsal view of a seed, showing the scrobiculate and cleft testa, and the semilateral embryotega H ventral view of the same seed, showing the ventral furrows and tan appendage surrounding the hilum I dorsal view of another seed, showing the shallowly scrobiculate and slightly cleft testa, and the semidorsal embryotega J ventral view of the same seed, with the appendage removed, showing the linear hilum in a shallow depression. K, dorsal view of a seed, showing the smooth testa. Photographs A-F by M. E. Engels, G-J by R. F. Almeida." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109950" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Distribution map of Neotropical Murdannia Royle. Full circles Murdannia burchellii Full stars Murdannia engelsii Triangles Murdannia gardneri Stars Murdannia paraguayensis Full squares Murdannia schomburgkiana Squares Murdannia semifoliata." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109958" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">, 10</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="45" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
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Similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia paraguayensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Murdannia paraguayensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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due to its deflexed pedicels at post-anthesis and when fruiting; petals with minute glandular hairs at base on the adaxial surface; filaments, ovaries, styles and capsules with minute glandular hairs, and capitate stigma. It can be differentiated by its trailing stems, distichously-alternate leaves, inflorescence reduced to a solitary cincinnus, peduncles with a mixture of eglandular and glandular hairs, cincinni 2-7-flowered, capsules broadly ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, and 1-seeded locules.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2015-05-27" collectorName="de Flora, Planalto dos Parecis, M. E. Engels" country="BRAZIL" county="Itauba" elevation="260" location="Colider" municipality="Resgate de Flora" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Brazil">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
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:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Itaúba">
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<collectingCounty>Itauba</collectingCounty>
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</normalizedToken>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>
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Resgate
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<collectorName>de Flora</collectorName>
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</collectingMunicipality>
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da UHE
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Colíder">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA13851B9D5C5FBD865A0E765DD2B06A:913E385DE98B219F13E3E6A053CF77BD" country="BRAZIL" county="Itauba" municipality="Resgate de Flora" name="Colider" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Colider</location>
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</normalizedToken>
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, lote G de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="supressão">supressao</normalizedToken>
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,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" unit="m" value="260.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" unit="m" value="260.0">260 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, floresta do
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<collectorName>
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Planalto dos
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Parecís">Parecis</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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, prainha arenosa no
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA13851B9D5C5FBD865A0E765DD2B06A:53AA40E3A09A0BA63B41BA2938967A5C" country="BRAZIL" county="Itauba" municipality="Resgate de Flora" name="rio Teles Pires" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">rio Teles Pires</location>
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, fl., fr.,
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<collectingDate value="2015-05-27">27 May 2015</collectingDate>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
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<collectorName>M.E. Engels</collectorName>
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et al. 3474
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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: RB!; isotypes: CNMT!, HERBAM!, MBM!,
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</materialsCitation>
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<collectingCountry name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
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!, TANG!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Herbs</emphasis>
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ca. 10.0-36.0 cm tall, perennial, rhizomatous without a definite base, terrestrial to paludal in river banks.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Roots</emphasis>
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thin, fibrous, brown, densely to sparsely pilose with hyaline hairs, emerging from the basalmost nodes and rhizome.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Rhizomes</emphasis>
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long, trailing, light brown to light green, shallowly buried in the sand.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Stems</emphasis>
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ascending to erect, thin, herbaceous to slightly succulent, usually densely branched or branched only at the base, sometimes branching from the upper nodes; internodes 1.3-3.5 cm long, green, with a mixture of eglandular (scabrid) and glandular hairs, becoming glabrous with age, with a line of eglandular hairs opposite the leaf above, hairs hyaline.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Leaves</emphasis>
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distichously-alternate, evenly distributed along the stems, rarely somewhat congested at the apex of the stems, the distal ones gradually smaller than the proximal ones; sheaths 2-2.5 mm long, green, with glandular hairs, becoming glabrous with age, hairs hyaline, margins sparsely ciliate, with a line of eglandular hairs opposite the leaf above, hairs hyaline; lamina (0.5-)1.6-6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.3-1 cm, membranous, generally conduplicate, rarely flat, slightly falcate to falcate, green on both sides, drying olive-green on both sides, narrowly elliptic to narrowly lanceolate or narrowly ovate, glabrous on both sides or the uppermost usually with glandular hairs at least basally, base amplexicaul, margins green, ciliate to setose at base or the uppermost sometimes with glandular hairs, apex acuminate; midvein slightly conspicuous, slightly impressed adaxially, prominently acute abaxially, secondary veins 2(-3) pairs, inconspicuous to slightly conspicuous on both sides, dark green.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Inflorescences</emphasis>
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1-2-(5), terminal or axillary from the uppermost nodes, consisting of a solitary cincinnus; peduncles 1-1.4 cm, with a mixture of eglandular (scabrid) and glandular to densely glandular hyaline hairs; basal bract reduced, 5-5.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4-4.5 mm, lanceolate to ovate, adaxially glabrous, abaxially glabrous or with glandular hairs, base amplexicaul, margins ciliate at base, apex acute, veins inconspicuous on both sides, dark green; cincinni 2-7-flowered, erect, straight, peduncle 3.5-8 mm long, green, with glandular to densely glandular, hyaline hairs, cincinnus internodes 4.5-8 mm long, green, with glandular to densely glandular hyaline hairs; cincinnus bract and bracteoles ca. 1-1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.9-1 mm, persistent, ovate, flat, light green, with a sparse mixture of eglandular (scabrid) and glandular hairs near
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="46" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
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base, base amplexicaul, non-perfoliate, margins glabrous, apex acute.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Flowers</emphasis>
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bisexual or male, enantiostylous, 1-1.4 cm diam.; floral buds ovoid, 2.8-3.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.5-3 mm, green; pedicels 1-6 mm long, green, with glandular to densely glandular, hyaline hairs, deflexed and slightly elongate in fruit; sepals 3-3.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.5-0.8 mm, triangular to ovate-triangular, cucullate, green, with glandular to densely glandular, hyaline hairs, apex acute, margins hyaline light green; petals equal, 4.5-7.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.5-4.5 mm, obtrullate, rarely obovate, slightly cucullate, pale lilac to lilac, mauve or pink, rarely white, with minute glandular hairs at the base on the adaxial surface, base cuneate, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 3, equal, filaments basally with minute glandular hyaline hairs, gently curved in the middle, 4.1-5.9 mm long, pale lilac to lilac or white, anthers elliptic, 0.6-0.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.3-0.7 mm, connective white to lilac, anthers sacs white to pale lilac, pollen white; staminodes 3, equal, filaments with minute glandular hyaline hairs, straight, 1.3-1.7 mm long, white to pale lilac, antherodes subsagittate to subcordate, 0.9-1.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.9-1.0 mm, connective golden yellow, lobes conspicuous, cream-colored to pale yellow; ovary ovoid to ellipsoid, 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.7-0.8 mm, 3-locular, white to light green, smooth, with minute glandular hyaline hairs, style curved at the apex, ca. 3.6-8 mm, white to pale lilac or lilac, stigma capitate, white to lilac.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Capsules</emphasis>
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3-locular, 3-valved, 3.2-4.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2-2.5 mm, broadly ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, apiculate due to persistent style, light brown when mature, with minute glandular hyaline hairs, sometimes glabrescent with age, smooth.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Seeds</emphasis>
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1 per locule, 1.8-2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-1.2 mm, reniform to broadly ellipsoid, cleft towards the embryotega, ventrally flattened, testa medium to dark brown, sparsely farinose, scrobiculate to shallowly scrobiculate, with ridges radiating from the embryotega, sometimes with 4-7 ventral furrows, with a tan appendage that extends ventri-laterally to the embryotega and basally into the hilum; embryotega semilateral to semidorsal, relatively inconspicuous, generally covered by a cream farina, without a prominent apicule; hilum linear, approximately the same length as the seed, in a shallow depression.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" type="specimens seen">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Specimens seen</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">(paratypes). BRAZIL. Mato Grosso</emphasis>
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:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Itaúba">Itauba</normalizedToken>
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, resgate de Flora da UHE
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Colíder">Colider</normalizedToken>
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, Lote G de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="supressão">supressao</normalizedToken>
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, floresta do Planalto dos
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Parecís">Parecis</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="região">regiao</normalizedToken>
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de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ecótono">ecotono</normalizedToken>
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entre a Floresta
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Amazônica">Amazonica</normalizedToken>
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e Cerrado, 3 Jun 2016, M.E. Engels & A.S. Bezerra 4510 (HERBAM, MBM, RB);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Poconé">Pocone</normalizedToken>
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, rodovia Transpantaneira, 17 May 1983, J. Barcia et al. 1560 (R); loc. cit., Fazenda Nova Berlim, Transpantaneira highway, km 85, 3 May 1992, M. Schessl 2602b (CH, UFMT, ULM, US); loc. cit., highway
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Poconé-Porto">Pocone-Porto</normalizedToken>
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Cercado, 30 May 1992, M. Schessl 2631g (CH, CPAP, UFMT, ULM, US); loc. cit., estrada para Porto Cercado, km 18, 22 Apr 1993, A.L. Prado 2017 (UEC, UFMT); loc. cit., Fazenda Ipiranga, 8 May 1993, A.L. Prado & R. Ribeiro 2045 (HURB, UEC, UFMT); loc. cit., Fazenda Ipiranga, Pousada Piuvial, vazante da sede, km 11 da rodovia Transpantaneira, 20 May 1996, V.J. Pott et al. 3186 (CPAP, US); Vila Bela da
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Santíssima">Santissima</normalizedToken>
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Trindade, Parque Estadual Serra de Ricardo Franco, margem do rio
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guaporé">Guapore</normalizedToken>
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, 23 May 1978, P.G. Windisch 1863 (RB);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Mato Grosso do Sul</emphasis>
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:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Corumbá">Corumba</normalizedToken>
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, Fazenda Caceres,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="próximo">proximo</normalizedToken>
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da sede de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Nhecolândia">Nhecolandia</normalizedToken>
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, 12 Aug 1988, V.J. Pott et al. 595 (CPAP, MBM, US); loc. cit., Fazenda Alegria,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Nhecolândia">Nhecolandia</normalizedToken>
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, 30 Jul 1989, A. Pott et al. 4912 (CPAP, MBM, US); loc. cit.,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="próximo">proximo</normalizedToken>
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ao mata burro na divisa com Retiro
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<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="47" start="start">Mandovi</pageBreakToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Nhecolândia">Nhecolandia</normalizedToken>
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, 3 Aug 1999, V.J. Pott & A. Rodrigues 3993 (CPAP, US);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Tocantins</emphasis>
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: Pium, Ilha do Bananal, Parque Nacional do Araguaia, base
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<normalizedToken originalValue="física">fisica</normalizedToken>
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do rio
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Javaés">Javaes</normalizedToken>
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, antigo acampamento do Projeto
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Quelônios">Quelonios</normalizedToken>
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do
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Amazônia">Amazonia</normalizedToken>
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, 27 Mar 1999, M. Aparecida da Silva et al. 4167 (IBGE, RB).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="47">
|
||
The epithet honors the collector of the holotype, the Brazilian botanist Mathias Erich Engels,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Commelinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" rank="family">Orchidaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
taxonomist and dear friend of the authors.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia engelsii" order="Commelinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Murdannia engelsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to Brazil, being known from the states of Tocantins, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Distribution map of Neotropical Murdannia Royle. Full circles Murdannia burchellii Full stars Murdannia engelsii Triangles Murdannia gardneri Stars Murdannia paraguayensis Full squares Murdannia schomburgkiana Squares Murdannia semifoliata." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109958" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">10</figureCitation>
|
||
). It grows in shady to open sandy river banks of the Amazon, Cerrado and Pantanal domains. Its prostrate stems produce dense mats, generally near rocks and grasses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="47" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="47">It was found in bloom and fruit from March to August.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="47" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia engelsii" order="Commelinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Murdannia engelsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses both a wide EOO (ca. 514,893.048 km2) and a wide AOO (ca. 15,000.000 km2). Following the IUCN recommendations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge U. K." pageId="34" pageNumber="69" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" refId="B31" refString="IUCN, 2001. The IUCN red list of threatened species, version 2010.4. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge U.K., http://www.iucnredlist.org/ [accessed: 2 June 2016]" title="The IUCN red list of threatened species, version 2010.4" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia englesii" order="Commelinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="englesii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Murdannia englesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be considered Least Concern. Nevertheless, most of the known populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia engelsii" order="Commelinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Murdannia engelsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are in areas currently being deforested and turned into pasture sites for cattle. We believe that this species is highly affected by human activity and should be considered Vulnerable [VU, A2cd+ B2ab(ii, iii,v)+D2].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia engelsii" order="Commelinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Murdannia engelsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia burchellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burchellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Murdannia burchellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Murdannia gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia paraguayensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Murdannia paraguayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to indumentum and flower morphology, and also similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia paraguayensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Murdannia paraguayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the deflexed pedicels in fruit. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia engelsii" order="Commelinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Murdannia engelsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily differentiated by its inflorescence reduced to a solitary cincinnus (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
thyrsi with several, verticillate or alternate to subopposite cincinni). It can be easily differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia burchellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burchellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Murdannia burchellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Murdannia gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by inflorescence morphology, position of the pedicels at post-anthesis and in fruit, by the indumentum of the filaments, gynoecium and capsules, and seed morphology.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia engelsii" order="Commelinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Murdannia engelsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia paraguayensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Murdannia paraguayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, due to several key characters. These are the only species in the genus to have petals with minute glandular hairs at the base on the adaxial surface, androecium and gynoecium with glandular hairs, and the only Neotropical species to have pedicels deflexed post-anthesis and in fruit. Nevertheless,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia engelsii" order="Commelinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Murdannia engelsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be differentiated by its trailing habit (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
erect in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia paraguayensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Murdannia paraguayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), leaves distichously-alternate (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
spirally-alternate), inflorescence reduced to a solitary cincinnus (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
inflorescence with several verticillate cincinni), cincinni 2-7-flowered (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
1-flowered), capsules broadly ovoid to broadly ellipsoid (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
oblongoid to broadly oblongoid), and locules 1-seeded (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
2-seeded).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia engelsii" order="Commelinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Murdannia engelsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can also be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia nudiflora" order="Commelinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nudiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Murdannia nudiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, due to their small stature, phyllotaxy and inflorescence morphology. However, they can be easily differentiated by its erect cincinni (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
pendulous), persistent bracteoles (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
caducous), corolla actinomorphic (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
zygomorphic), three stamens and three staminodes (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
two stamens and four staminodes), filaments with minute glandular hairs (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
bearded with moniliform hairs), and locules 1-seeded (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
locules 2-seeded) (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphologic characters differentiating the species of Murdannia known for the Neotropical region." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5D309C8CD7EBB6457B8B049D76F7FBBF" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" tableUuid="5D309C8CD7EBB6457B8B049D76F7FBBF">1</tableCitation>
|
||
). One of the most striking features of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia engelsii" order="Commelinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Murdannia engelsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be occasional production of several inflorescences clustered towards the apex of a shoot, forming a synflorescence. This synflorescence resembles a single inflorescence with several alternate cincinni.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |