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<document id="9377E2FA03A63C18B8AB6D432FB01EFD" ID-CLB-Dataset="281937" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2023.910.2363" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a77ab889-b9ba-4cd7-ab73-263d01750a3f" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10319699" ID-ZooBank="4670E7D8-8F93-40E5-9FF7-8B8FE517C0AB" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1702119584414" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ačanski, Jelena, Tot, Tamara, Grković, Ana, Miličić, Marija, Radenković, Snežana &amp; Vujić, Ante" docDate="2023" docId="A56187E9FFB9FFE5FF67475ED050D640" docLanguage="en" docName="EJT.2023.910.98-114.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 910" docSource="https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2363/10347" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Merodon aureus Fabricius 1805" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="104" masterDocId="5958FF91FFBDFFE3FFDA454FD248D408" masterDocTitle="An assessment of new character in hoverfly species delimitation using linear and geometric morphometrics - genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae) as a case study" masterLastPageNumber="114" masterPageNumber="98" pageNumber="102" updateTime="1702557359239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="D14013BD3629365C2E2147164E40361B">An assessment of new character in hoverfly species delimitation using linear and geometric morphometrics - genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae) as a case study</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A164FAC4E72C94C84436DC2B6744C41C">Ačanski, Jelena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="19E77CA741463DA1B771AE577BF91831">University of Novi Sad, BioSense Institute - Research Institute for Information Technologies in Biosystems, Novi Sad, Serbia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F20B24ADDAD399D02F5144A5500A799F">Tot, Tamara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="08DC3C183522B53A336D46B09091C09D">University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Novi Sad, Serbia.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0CB6776C5CDF3107A59B84D3FA569756" type="email">tamarat@dbe.uns.ac.rs</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C75EF53643E507FA2AA12B586528A127">Grković, Ana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="03A6FA179DD02A92652E34900D50FEF2">University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Novi Sad, Serbia.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0676F7C52987CEB2D982D4808C8A56DC" type="email">ana.grkovic@dbe.uns.ac.rs</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="46857A8F95205BCF375E546ABC42BBDA">Miličić, Marija</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8C2349E89DC027FECD0DD7EE5A12046A">University of Novi Sad, BioSense Institute - Research Institute for Information Technologies in Biosystems, Novi Sad, Serbia.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="26C5B826232E2D9883704BCF7EDBA37A" type="email">marija.milicic@biosense.rs</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9C70A456DF9D655223ADADB242A027E4">Radenković, Snežana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FD1593930C307FA5EFF760FB5A17933F" type="email">snezana.radenkovic@dbe.uns.ac.rs</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="046725E75D9A20FD966B1B205100C4D9">University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Novi Sad, Serbia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="981ED77C8A0BAFD154EA3709EBE260F1">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8BE540DB587672537E3B27F478CCDD67">
<mods:date id="021B6456C4638B109B7760AE9B0E83A9">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9E5C78584FB822A07CF12C8764DB7E1F">2023-12-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="10E9C3F43FB5620D581E94A1625DD43C">910</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="7D1215A73FDADCAD134B47706536E748" type="CLB-Dataset">281937</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0E1B44754B269D0AC955F448B9D1C5A0" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2023.910.2363</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A56187E9FFB9FFE5FF67475ED050D640" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10377188" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10377188" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A56187E9FFB9FFE5FF67475ED050D640" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A56187E9FFB9FFE5FF67475ED050D640" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">
<subSubSection id="65D26574FFB9FFE7FF67475ED3A7D626" box="[189,495,529,558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2D7736FFFFB9FFE7FF67475ED3A7D626" blockId="4.[189,495,529,558]" box="[189,495,529,558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FF67475ED3A7D626" bold="true" box="[189,495,529,558]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">
<taxonomicName id="EAC84D7CFFB9FFE7FF67475ED3D1D626" ID-CoL="8CSXW" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" box="[189,409,529,558]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Merodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureus">Merodon aureus</taxonomicName>
group
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="65D26574FFB9FFE5FF67470AD050D640" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" type="description">
<paragraph id="2D7736FFFFB9FFE7FF67470AD391D657" blockId="4.[189,473,581,607]" box="[189,473,581,607]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">
<heading id="763F8193FFB9FFE7FF67470AD391D657" bold="true" box="[189,473,581,607]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" reason="3">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FF67470AD391D657" bold="true" box="[189,473,581,607]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Linear morphometrics</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D7736FFFFB9FFE7FF67473BD148D713" blockId="4.[189,1399,628,797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">
ANOVA did not find significant differences between the sexes (ANOVA:
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FBDC473AD650D686" box="[1030,1048,629,654]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">F</emphasis>
<subScript id="B14C34BAFFB9FFE7FBC247C8D67ED69D" attach="left" box="[1048,1078,647,661]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">1,75</subScript>
= 2.01;
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FB57473AD6D7D686" box="[1165,1183,629,654]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">P</emphasis>
&gt; 0.05). However, highly significant differences between species were found (ANOVA:
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FC3547D7D649D6B9" box="[1007,1025,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">F</emphasis>
<subScript id="B14C34BAFFB9FFE7FBDB47E5D657D6B0" attach="left" box="[1025,1055,682,696]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">1,75</subScript>
= 38.09;
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FB5447D7D6E8D6B9" box="[1166,1184,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.01).
<taxonomicName id="EAC84D7CFFB9FFE7FAD647D8D0D7D6DC" authority="Sasic Zoric, Acanski &amp; Vujic, 2020" authorityName="Sasic Zoric, Acanski &amp; Vujic" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Merodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ortus">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FAD647D8D2B1D6DC" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Merodon ortus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="49594B0EFFB9FFE7FEDA47F4D0D7D6DC" author="Sasic Zoric Lj. &amp; Acanski J. &amp; Vujic A. &amp; Stahls G. &amp; Djan M. &amp; Radenkovic S." box="[256,671,698,727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" pagination="36 - 59" refId="ref8552" refString="Sasic Zoric Lj., Acanski J., Vujic A., Stahls G., Djan M. &amp; Radenkovic S. 2020. Resolving the taxonomy of the Merodon dobrogensis species subgroup (Diptera: Syrphidae), with the description of a new species. The Canadian Entomologist 152 (1): 36 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / tce. 2019.72" type="journal article" year="2020">Šašić Zorić, Ačanski &amp; Vujić, 2020</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
had a larger angle at the intersection of the R4+5 vein and the middle line, indicating that
<taxonomicName id="EAC84D7CFFB9FFE7FDDC4791D023D6FF" authorityName="Sasic Zoric, Acanski &amp; Vujic" authorityYear="2020" box="[518,619,734,759]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Merodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ortus">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FDDC4791D023D6FF" box="[518,619,734,759]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">M. ortus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a less sinuate R4+5 vein than
<taxonomicName id="EAC84D7CFFB9FFE7FBD14791D70CD6F0" authority="Fabricius, 1805" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" box="[1035,1348,733,760]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Merodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureus">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FBD14791D6CBD6FF" box="[1035,1155,734,759]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">M. aureus</emphasis>
Fabricius, 1805
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EAC84D7CFFB9FFE7FF67464DD0D2D713" authority="Vujic, Acanski &amp; Sasic, 2020" authorityName="Vujic, Acanski &amp; Sasic" authorityYear="2020" box="[189,666,769,797]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Merodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calidus">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FF67464DD371D713" box="[189,313,769,795]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">M. calidus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="49594B0EFFB9FFE7FE9A464ED0D2D713" author="Sasic Zoric Lj. &amp; Acanski J. &amp; Vujic A. &amp; Stahls G. &amp; Djan M. &amp; Radenkovic S." box="[320,666,769,797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" pagination="36 - 59" refId="ref8552" refString="Sasic Zoric Lj., Acanski J., Vujic A., Stahls G., Djan M. &amp; Radenkovic S. 2020. Resolving the taxonomy of the Merodon dobrogensis species subgroup (Diptera: Syrphidae), with the description of a new species. The Canadian Entomologist 152 (1): 36 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / tce. 2019.72" type="journal article" year="2020">Vujić, Ačanski &amp; Šašić, 2020</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B5F32A7AFFB9FFE7FD70464ED0B8D713" box="[682,752,769,795]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[181,1451,716,1795]" captionTargetId="graphics-92@5.[171,1439,831,1794]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Box plot showing a comparison of the angle at the intersection of the R4+5 vein and the middle line for all species used in the analysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10377214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10377214/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D7736FFFFB9FFE7FF67460DD120D754" blockId="4.[189,872,834,860]" box="[189,872,834,860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">
<heading id="763F8193FFB9FFE7FF67460DD120D754" bold="true" box="[189,872,834,860]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" reason="3">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FF67460DD120D754" bold="true" box="[189,872,834,860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Geometric morphometrics analysis of R4+5 vein shape</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D7736FFFFB9FFE7FF67463ED3CCD7A6" blockId="4.[189,1399,881,943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">
Due to sexual dimorphism, analyses were performed separately on males and females (ANOVA:
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FAFB463DD77BD783" box="[1313,1331,882,907]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">F</emphasis>
16,102 = 4.596;
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FED446DAD368D7A6" box="[270,288,917,942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.01).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D7736FFFFB9FFE7FF67469AD6E8D0EE" blockId="4.[188,1399,981,1255]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">
Regarding male specimens, DA showed that all species pairs differed highly significantly in R4+5 vein shape (
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FECE46B6D36ED01A" box="[276,294,1017,1042]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.01). Importantly, 89.16% of the male specimens were correctly classified into a priori defined groups. CVA produced two highly significant axes (CV1: Wilks’ Lambda = 0.173; χ
<superScript id="DABD9BB7FFB9FFE7FB304154D6BBD021" attach="left" box="[1258,1267,1051,1065]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">2</superScript>
= 116.623;
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FF66410FD286D051" box="[188,206,1088,1113]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.01; CV2: Wilks’ Lambda = 0.474; χ
<superScript id="DABD9BB7FFB9FFE7FD194171D084D044" attach="left" box="[707,716,1086,1100]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">2</superScript>
= 49.603;
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FC8E410FD12ED051" box="[852,870,1088,1113]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.01). CV1, with 61% of the total shape variation, separated
<taxonomicName id="EAC84D7CFFB9FFE7FE6A412CD060D074" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" box="[432,552,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Merodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureus">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FE6A412CD060D074" box="[432,552,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">M. aureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="EAC84D7CFFB9FFE7FDAE412CD0B8D074" authorityName="Vujic, Acanski &amp; Sasic" authorityYear="2020" box="[628,752,1122,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Merodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calidus">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FDAE412CD0B8D074" box="[628,752,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">M. calidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas CV2, with 39% of the total shape variation, separated
<taxonomicName id="EAC84D7CFFB9FFE7FEEB41C9D3DBD097" authorityName="Sasic Zoric, Acanski &amp; Vujic" authorityYear="2020" box="[305,403,1158,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Merodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ortus">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FEEB41C9D3DBD097" box="[305,403,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">M. ortus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="EAC84D7CFFB9FFE7FE0C41C9D002D097" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" box="[470,586,1158,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Merodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureus">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FE0C41C9D002D097" box="[470,586,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">M. aureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EAC84D7CFFB9FFE7FDA541C9D0B2D097" authorityName="Vujic, Acanski &amp; Sasic" authorityYear="2020" box="[639,762,1157,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Merodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calidus">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FDA541C9D0B2D097" box="[639,762,1157,1183]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">M. calidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B5F32A7AFFB9FFE7FCD041CAD12FD097" box="[778,871,1157,1183]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,875,1800]" captionTargetId="graphics-147@6.[309,785,1352,1745]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Results of the geometric morphometric wing shape analysis of species of the Merodon aureus complex. A. Scatter plot of individual scores showing R4+5 vein shape variability. B. Scatter plot of individual scores showing wing shape variability from Vujić et al. (2020c). C. Scatter plot of individual scores showing semilandmark R4+5 vein shape and landmark wing shape variability D. Superimposed outline drawings showing R4+5 vein shape differences among investigated species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10319713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10319713/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). The superimposed outline drawings showed that
<taxonomicName id="EAC84D7CFFB9FFE7FF2A41E6D32ED0CA" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" box="[240,358,1193,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Merodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureus">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FF2A41E6D32ED0CA" box="[240,358,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">M. aureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EAC84D7CFFB9FFE7FE4741E6D051D0CA" authorityName="Vujic, Acanski &amp; Sasic" authorityYear="2020" box="[413,537,1192,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Merodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calidus">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FE4741E6D051D0CA" box="[413,537,1192,1218]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">M. calidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had the most similar R4+5 vein shape (
<figureCitation id="B5F32A7AFFB9FFE7FC3241E7D60FD0CB" box="[1000,1095,1192,1219]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,875,1800]" captionTargetId="graphics-147@6.[309,785,1352,1745]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Results of the geometric morphometric wing shape analysis of species of the Merodon aureus complex. A. Scatter plot of individual scores showing R4+5 vein shape variability. B. Scatter plot of individual scores showing wing shape variability from Vujić et al. (2020c). C. Scatter plot of individual scores showing semilandmark R4+5 vein shape and landmark wing shape variability D. Superimposed outline drawings showing R4+5 vein shape differences among investigated species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10319713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10319713/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="EAC84D7CFFB9FFE7FB8041E7D753D0CA" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" box="[1114,1307,1192,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Merodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureus">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FB8041E7D753D0CA" box="[1114,1307,1192,1218]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Merodon aureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had the most sinuate R4+5 vein, whereas
<taxonomicName id="EAC84D7CFFB9FFE7FD934182D0E4D0EE" authorityName="Sasic Zoric, Acanski &amp; Vujic" authorityYear="2020" box="[585,684,1229,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Merodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ortus">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FD934182D0E4D0EE" box="[585,684,1229,1254]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">M. ortus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had the least sinuate R4+5 vein (
<figureCitation id="B5F32A7AFFB9FFE7FBEE4183D6DBD0EE" box="[1076,1171,1228,1254]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,875,1800]" captionTargetId="graphics-147@6.[309,785,1352,1745]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Results of the geometric morphometric wing shape analysis of species of the Merodon aureus complex. A. Scatter plot of individual scores showing R4+5 vein shape variability. B. Scatter plot of individual scores showing wing shape variability from Vujić et al. (2020c). C. Scatter plot of individual scores showing semilandmark R4+5 vein shape and landmark wing shape variability D. Superimposed outline drawings showing R4+5 vein shape differences among investigated species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10319713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10319713/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="79B76677FFB9FFE7FF6742E4D03FD3E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10319705" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10319705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10319705/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" startId="4.[189,232,1963,1989]" targetBox="[189,1391,1387,1916]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="2D7736FFFFB9FFE7FF6742E4D03FD3E0" blockId="4.[189,1398,1963,2024]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FF6742E4D343D3CD" bold="true" box="[189,267,1963,1989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EAC84D7CFFB9FFE7FEC942E4D0DCD3CE" authority="Fabricius, 1805" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" box="[275,660,1963,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Merodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureus">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB9FFE7FEC942E4D39CD3CD" box="[275,468,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Merodon aureus</emphasis>
Fabricius, 1805
</taxonomicName>
, ♂, right wing with the location of 20 semilandmarks selected for geometric morphometric analysis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2D7736FFFFB8FFE6FF674446D37AD5B8" blockId="5.[189,1399,265,432]" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">
DA revealed that female specimens of
<taxonomicName id="EAC84D7CFFB8FFE6FD514445D14AD52B" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" box="[651,770,266,291]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Merodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureus">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB8FFE6FD514445D14AD52B" box="[651,770,266,291]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">M. aureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EAC84D7CFFB8FFE6FCE54445D1F4D52B" authorityName="Vujic, Acanski &amp; Sasic" authorityYear="2020" box="[831,956,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Merodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calidus">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB8FFE6FCE54445D1F4D52B" box="[831,956,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">M. calidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
highly significantly differed in R4+5 vein shape (p &lt;0.01). All female specimens were correctly classified into a priori defined groups based on the R4+5 vein shape. Additionally, CVA produced one highly significant axis (CV1: Wilks’ Lambda = 0.101; χ
<superScript id="DABD9BB7FFB8FFE6FEC5443DD360D588" attach="left" box="[287,296,370,384]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">2</superScript>
= 71.195;
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB8FFE6FE75443CD389D584" box="[431,449,371,396]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.01). As in males,
<taxonomicName id="EAC84D7CFFB8FFE6FD0C443CD107D584" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" box="[726,847,371,397]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Merodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureus">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB8FFE6FD0C443CD0A6D584" box="[726,750,371,396]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB8FFE6FCDA443CD107D584" box="[768,847,371,396]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">aureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had more sinuate R4+5 vein than
<taxonomicName id="EAC84D7CFFB8FFE6FB22443CD73FD584" authorityName="Vujic, Acanski &amp; Sasic" authorityYear="2020" box="[1272,1399,370,396]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Merodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calidus">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB8FFE6FB22443CD73FD584" box="[1272,1399,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">M. calidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B5F32A7AFFB8FFE6FF1C44D9D36DD5B8" box="[198,293,406,432]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,875,1800]" captionTargetId="graphics-147@6.[309,785,1352,1745]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Results of the geometric morphometric wing shape analysis of species of the Merodon aureus complex. A. Scatter plot of individual scores showing R4+5 vein shape variability. B. Scatter plot of individual scores showing wing shape variability from Vujić et al. (2020c). C. Scatter plot of individual scores showing semilandmark R4+5 vein shape and landmark wing shape variability D. Superimposed outline drawings showing R4+5 vein shape differences among investigated species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10319713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10319713/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="79B76677FFB8FFE6FF6742E4D0CFD3E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10377214" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10377214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10377214/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="103" startId="5.[189,232,1963,1989]" targetBox="[181,1451,716,1795]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="2D7736FFFFB8FFE6FF6742E4D73ED3CD" blockId="5.[189,1398,1963,2024]" box="[189,1398,1963,1990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFB8FFE6FF6742E4D343D3CD" bold="true" box="[189,267,1963,1989]" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
Box plot showing a comparison of the angle at the intersection of the R4+5 vein and the middle
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D7736FFFFB8FFE6FF674281D0CFD3E0" blockId="5.[189,1398,1963,2024]" box="[189,647,1998,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">line for all species used in the analysis.</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2D7736FFFFBBFFE5FF674447D6FBD52B" blockId="6.[189,1203,264,291]" box="[189,1203,264,291]" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">
<heading id="763F8193FFBBFFE5FF674447D6FBD52B" bold="true" box="[189,1203,264,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="104" reason="3">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFBBFFE5FF674447D6FBD52B" bold="true" box="[189,1203,264,291]" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">Combined geometric morphometrics analysis of R4+5 vein shape and wing shape</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D7736FFFFBBFFE5FF674478D050D640" blockId="6.[189,1399,311,584]" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">
All male specimens were correctly classified into a priori defined groups. Additionally, all species pairs differed highly significantly using both semilandmarks and landmarks (DA:
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFBBFFE5FB924414D612D57C" box="[1096,1114,347,372]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.01). CVA produced two highly significant exes, which clearly separated all species in the space defined by these two axes (CV1: Wilks’ Lambda = 0.0085; χ
<superScript id="DABD9BB7FFBBFFE5FD8E44EFD015D5A6" attach="left" box="[596,605,416,430]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">2</superScript>
= 264.718;
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFBBFFE5FD2A44EED14AD5B2" box="[752,770,417,442]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.01; CV2: Wilks’ Lambda = 0.148; χ
<superScript id="DABD9BB7FFBBFFE5FB3C44EFD6A7D5A6" attach="left" box="[1254,1263,416,430]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">2</superScript>
= 106.119;
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFBBFFE5FF64448AD298D5D6" box="[190,208,453,478]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.01) (
<figureCitation id="B5F32A7AFFBBFFE5FE9A448BD3E8D5D6" box="[320,416,452,478]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,875,1800]" captionTargetId="graphics-147@6.[309,785,1352,1745]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Results of the geometric morphometric wing shape analysis of species of the Merodon aureus complex. A. Scatter plot of individual scores showing R4+5 vein shape variability. B. Scatter plot of individual scores showing wing shape variability from Vujić et al. (2020c). C. Scatter plot of individual scores showing semilandmark R4+5 vein shape and landmark wing shape variability D. Superimposed outline drawings showing R4+5 vein shape differences among investigated species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10319713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10319713/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Regarding females,
<taxonomicName id="EAC84D7CFFBBFFE5FD7E448AD154D5D6" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" box="[676,796,453,478]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Merodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureus">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFBBFFE5FD7E448AD154D5D6" box="[676,796,453,478]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">M. aureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EAC84D7CFFBBFFE5FC80448AD190D5D6" authorityName="Vujic, Acanski &amp; Sasic" authorityYear="2020" box="[858,984,452,478]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Merodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calidus">
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFBBFFE5FC80448AD190D5D6" box="[858,984,452,478]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">M. calidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
highly significantly differed in the combined semilandmark and landmark analysis (DA: p &lt;0.01), and all female specimens were correctly classified into a priori defined groups. CVA produced one highly significant axis (CV1: Wilks’ Lambda = 0.011; χ
<superScript id="DABD9BB7FFBBFFE5FEC04762D36BD633" attach="left" box="[282,291,557,571]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">2</superScript>
= 102.98;
<emphasis id="1FBCEAEDFFBBFFE5FE784761D3FCD64F" box="[418,436,558,583]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.01).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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