820 lines
99 KiB
XML
820 lines
99 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.32822" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8bd911c4-a027-4a72-a69b-f37bc46b24b9" ID-PMC="PMC7669820" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-989-79" ID-Pensoft-UUID="65AB71A5B3985F5E9FBF8CD56BC96143" ID-PubMed="33223897" ID-ZooBank="F78F6D879DDB4CD98E4C60E4883A59B6" ModsDocID="1313-2970-989-79" checkinTime="1604986516813" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Selz, Oliver M., Doenz, Carmela J., Vonlanthen, Pascal & Seehausen, Ole" docDate="2020" docId="25F5D31728F55A22B2B21C9938656B6D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 989: 79-162" docOrigin="ZooKeys 989" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.32822" docTitle="Coregonus fatioi , Kottelat 1997" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="65AB71A5B3985F5E9FBF8CD56BC96143" lastPageNumber="107" masterDocId="65AB71A5B3985F5E9FBF8CD56BC96143" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the whitefish of lakes Brienz and Thun, Switzerland, with descriptions of four new species (Teleostei, Coregonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="102" updateTime="1668169826672" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the whitefish of lakes Brienz and Thun, Switzerland, with descriptions of four new species (Teleostei, Coregonidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Selz, Oliver M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland & Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2210-5909</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">oliver.selz@eawag.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Doenz, Carmela J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland & Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Vonlanthen, Pascal</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland & Aquabios GmbH, Les Fermes 57, 1792 Cordast, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Seehausen, Ole</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland & Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>989</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>79</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>162</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.32822</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.32822</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-989-79</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F78F6D879DDB4CD98E4C60E4883A59B6</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">65AB71A5B3985F5E9FBF8CD56BC96143</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168961874" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:25F5D31728F55A22B2B21C9938656B6D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/25F5D31728F55A22B2B21C9938656B6D" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="102" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="25F5D317-28F5-5A22-B2B2-1C9938656B6D" authority=", Kottelat, 1997" authorityName=", Kottelat" authorityYear="1997" class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus fatioi" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fatioi">Coregonus fatioi, Kottelat, 1997</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="102" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
|
||
"Albock":
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Heuscher, J" journalOrPublisher="Zwingli, Pfaeffikon" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B23" refString="Heuscher, J, 1901. Thuner- und Brienzer-See. Ihre Biologischen und Fischerei-Verhaeltnisse. Druck E. Zwingli, Pfaeffikon" title="Thuner- und Brienzer-See. Ihre Biologischen und Fischerei-Verhaeltnisse. Druck E." year="1901">Heuscher 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
|
||
"Albock", "BRI1": Douglas et al. 1999,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00581.x" author="Douglas, MR" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B17" refString="Douglas, MR, Brunner, PC, Bernatchez, L, 2003. Doassemblages of Coregonus (Teleostei: Salmoniformes) in the Central Alpine region of Europe represent species flocks? Molecular Ecology 8: 589-603. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00581.x" title="Doassemblages of Coregonus (Teleostei: Salmoniformes) in the Central Alpine region of Europe represent species flocks? Molecular Ecology 8: 589 - 603." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00581.x" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0154:BOCACS]2.0.CO;2" author="Douglas, MR" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B16" refString="Douglas, MR, Brunner, PC, 2002. Biodiversity of central alpine Coregonus (Salmoniformes): impact of one-hundred years of management. Ecological Applications 12: 154-172. https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0154:BOCACS]2.0.CO;2" title="Biodiversity of central alpine Coregonus (Salmoniformes): impact of one-hundred years of management. Ecological Applications 12: 154 - 172." url="https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0154:BOCACS]2.0.CO;2" year="2002">Douglas and Brunner 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(see also synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. acrinasus" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="acrinasus">C. acrinasus</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
|
||
"Felchen":
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirchhofer, A" journalOrPublisher="Bioinformatics" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B34" refString="Kirchhofer, A, 1990. Limnologische und Ichtyologische Untersuchungen im Brienzersee unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Differenzierung der sympatrischen Felchenpopulationen. Dissertation, Phil.-nat. Fakultaet der Universitaet Bern." title="Limnologische und Ichtyologische Untersuchungen im Brienzersee unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Differenzierung der sympatrischen Felchenpopulationen. Dissertation, Phil. - nat. Fakultaet der Universitaet Bern." year="1990">Kirchhofer 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirchhofer, A" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="61 - 70" refId="B35" refString="Kirchhofer, A, 1995. Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology 46: 61 - 70" title="Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations." volume="46" year="1995">Kirchhofer 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(see also synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. alpinus" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="alpinus">C. alpinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. brienzii" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="brienzii">C. brienzii</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
|
||
"Large type":
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maurer, V" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" refId="B42" refString="Maurer, V, Guthruf, K, 2005. Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i.A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1-18." title="Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i. A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1 - 18." year="2005">Maurer and Guthruf 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" author="Mueller, R" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="271 - 288" refId="B43" refString="Mueller, R, Breitenstein, M, Bia, MM, Rellstab, C, Kirchhofer, A, 2007. Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz. Aquatic Sciences 69: 271 - 288, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" title="Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" volume="69" year="2007">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(see also synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. alpinus" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="alpinus">C. alpinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. brienzii" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="brienzii">C. brienzii</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1784" class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus lavaretus subsp. wartmanni" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lavaretus" subSpecies="wartmanni">Coregonus lavaretus wartmanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
natio
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Kottelat" authorityYear="1997" class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="fatioi" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fatioi">fatioi</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Berg, LS" journalOrPublisher="Zoogeographica" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="107 - 208" refId="B8" refString="Berg, LS, 1932. Uebersicht der Verbreitung der Suesswasserfische Europas. Zoogeographica 1: 107 - 208" title="Uebersicht der Verbreitung der Suesswasserfische Europas." volume="1" year="1932">Berg 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus lavaretus" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lavaretus">Coregonus lavaretus</taxonomicName>
|
||
natio
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">arurensis</emphasis>
|
||
, oekot.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">pelagicus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B57" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(see also synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. steinmanni" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="steinmanni">C. steinmanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus lavaretus" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lavaretus">Coregonus lavaretus</taxonomicName>
|
||
natio
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">arurensis</emphasis>
|
||
, oekot.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">primigenius</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B57" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(see also synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. steinmanni" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="steinmanni">C. steinmanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. alpinus" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="alpinus">C. alpinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
|
||
"Bodenalbock", "Albock", "Schwebalbock", "Wanderalbock":
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B57" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(see also synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. alpinus" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="alpinus">C. alpinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. steinmanni" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="steinmanni">C. steinmanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. "Felchen":
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0925" author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="58 - 66" refId="B28" refString="Hudson, AG, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2011. Rapid parallel adaptive radiation from a single hybridogenic ancestral population. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278: 58 - 66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0925" title="Rapid parallel adaptive radiation from a single hybridogenic ancestral population." url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0925" volume="278" year="2011">Hudson et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-108" author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 108" refId="B27" refString="Hudson, AG, Vonlanthen, P, Bezault, E, Seehausen, O, 2013. Genomic signatures of relaxed disruptive selection associated with speciation reversal in whitefish. BMC Evolutionary Biology 13: 1 - 108, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-108" title="Genomic signatures of relaxed disruptive selection associated with speciation reversal in whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-108" volume="13" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="Evolutionary Applications" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="251 - 266" refId="B26" refString="Hudson, AG, Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Lucek, K, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2016. Managing cryptic biodiversity: fine- scale intralacustrine speciation along a benthic gradient in Alpine whitefish (Coregonus spp.). Evolutionary Applications 10: 251 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" title="Managing cryptic biodiversity: fine- scale intralacustrine speciation along a benthic gradient in Alpine whitefish (Coregonus spp.)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" volume="10" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ingram, T" journalOrPublisher="Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B30" refString="Ingram, T, Hudson, AG, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2012. Does water depth or diet divergence predict progress towards ecological speciation in whitefish radiations? Evolutionary Ecology Research 14: 487-502." title="Does water depth or diet divergence predict progress towards ecological speciation in whitefish radiations? Evolutionary Ecology Research 14: 487 - 502." year="2012">Ingram et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. "Tiefenalbock":
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vonlanthen, P" journalOrPublisher="Projet Lac, Eawag, Kastanien- baum" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B63" refString="Vonlanthen, P, Periat, G, Doenz, C, Hellmann, J, Alexander, TJ, Seehausen, O, 2015. Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Thunersee. Projet Lac, Eawag, Kastanien- baum" title="Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Thunersee." year="2015">Vonlanthen et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1890" class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus wartmanni subsp. alpinus" order="Teleostei" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="wartmanni" subSpecies="alpinus">Coregonus wartmanni alpinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="V, 2 partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B19" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol. V, 2partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" year="1890">Fatio 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="102" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3023655315" collectionCode="MHNG" country="Switzerland" latitude="46.666668" location="Lake Thun" longLatPrecision="1122" longitude="7.7666664" specimenCode="MHNG-809.059" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<typeStatus>Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode>MHNG-809.059</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry>Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:25F5D31728F55A22B2B21C9938656B6D:0318E72F3F47BF037209E60D47DF1299" country="Switzerland" latitude="46.666668" longLatPrecision="1122" longitude="7.7666664" name="Lake Thun">Lake Thun</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.666668">46°40'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.7666664">7°46'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 154.5 mm SL, sex unknown.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3023655318" collectionCode="NMBE" latitude="46.666668" location="Lake Thun" longLatPrecision="1122" longitude="7.7666664" municipality="Switzerland" specimenCode="NMBE-1077133, NMBE-1077180-1077185, NMBE-1077135- 1077157" specimenCount="30">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">Non-types</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode>NMBE-1077133</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode>NMBE-1077180-1077185</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode>NMBE-1077135- 1077157</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Switzerland</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:25F5D31728F55A22B2B21C9938656B6D:B7E510E405CAB8E9EAF2ECDB0F1C87C0" latitude="46.666668" longLatPrecision="1122" longitude="7.7666664" municipality="Switzerland" name="Lake Thun">Lake Thun</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.666668">46°40'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.7666664">7°46'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), N =
|
||
<specimenCount>30</specimenCount>
|
||
, 191-288 mm SL;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3023655303" collectionCode="NMBE" country="Switzerland" latitude="46.716667" location="Lake Brienz" longLatPrecision="1121" longitude="7.95" specimenCode="NMBE-1077342, NMBE-1077291-1077317, NMBE-1077266, NMBE-1077267" specimenCount="30">
|
||
<specimenCode>NMBE-1077342</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode>NMBE-1077291-1077317</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode>NMBE-1077266</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode>NMBE-1077267</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry>Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:25F5D31728F55A22B2B21C9938656B6D:07A705EBC3B703793664DBF18B65D0F1" country="Switzerland" latitude="46.716667" longLatPrecision="1121" longitude="7.95" name="Lake Brienz">Lake Brienz</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.716667">46°43'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.95">7°57'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), N =
|
||
<specimenCount>30</specimenCount>
|
||
, 132-244 mm SL.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="102" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Kottelat" authorityYear="1997" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus fatioi" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">Coregonus fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a medium-sized whitefish with weak pigmentation of all fins and body; light to dark green colour on the flanks above the lateral line; moderate to many pigmented small dots on the scales along the flank and the dorsum; slender, elongated and slightly torpedo-like body; long head; tip of snout is fleshy and roundish; small eye with a thin and triangular to roundish eye socket for individuals from Lake Thun and a thick and triangular shaped eye socket for individuals from Lake Brienz; many and long gill rakers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" type="differential diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
Differential diagnoses against
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are given under those
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
accounts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Kottelat" authorityYear="1997" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus fatioi" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">Coregonus fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus brienzii" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">Coregonus brienzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
In Brienz
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by being deeper bodied (22.1-26.2% SL, mean = 23.9 vs. 19.6-25.1% SL, mean = 22.6) and having a smaller eye (eye depth: 21.2-27.6% HL, mean = 24.8 vs. 23.1-28.3% SL, mean = 25.3) (Tables
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Morphological and meristic data of C. fatioi Kottelat, 1997 from lakes Thun and Brienz, MHNG- 809.059 lectotype from Lake Thun; non-type material N = 30 from Lake Thun and N = 30 from Lake Brienz." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D20800A6BA3A8F81D3DE8557FAEE1C63" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" tableUuid="D20800A6BA3A8F81D3DE8557FAEE1C63">5</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="T7" captionText="Table 7. Morphological and meristic data of C. brienzii from Lake Brienz, Switzerland, NMBE- 1077126, female, holotype; paratypes N = 12. For females and for both sexes the range and the mean include the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3F09C0D4D50120FF0D8282FFA926D77B" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" tableUuid="3F09C0D4D50120FF0D8282FFA926D77B">7</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 11" captionStartId="T11" captionText="Table 11. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the four whitefish species of Lake Brienz. For some species comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-l); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Due to large size differences between the species the LDA ratios were calculated with three different datasets; once each with individuals larger or smaller than 163.5 mm standard length and once with the full size ranges of all species. For the multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with that of the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" tableUuid="1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717">11</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Kottelat" authorityYear="1997" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus fatioi" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">Coregonus fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus steinmanni" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">Coregonus steinmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
||
The specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Lake Thun differ from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having longer gill rakers (middle gill raker length: 12.5-21.3% HL, mean = 15.8 vs. 9.1-14.3% HL, mean = 11.5; longest gill raker length: 12.8-22.6% HL, mean = 16.9 vs. 10-14.4% HL, mean = 12.1), a longer and wider underjaw (under jaw length: 28-34.1% HL, mean = 30.5 vs. 25.2-30% HL, mean = 27.3; under jaw width: 21-30.3% HL, mean = 24.7 vs. 19.3-25% HL, mean = 23). Based on ratios
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a smaller "caudal peduncle depth / upper jaw length" ratio (CD/UJ: 1.02-1.34 vs. 1.36-1.55) and "caudal peduncle depth / postdorsal length" ratio (CD/PostD: 0.14-0.17 vs. 0.17-0.20 (Tables
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Morphological and meristic data of C. fatioi Kottelat, 1997 from lakes Thun and Brienz, MHNG- 809.059 lectotype from Lake Thun; non-type material N = 30 from Lake Thun and N = 30 from Lake Brienz." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D20800A6BA3A8F81D3DE8557FAEE1C63" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" tableUuid="D20800A6BA3A8F81D3DE8557FAEE1C63">5</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="T6" captionText="Table 6. Morphological and meristic data of C. steinmanni from Lake Thun, Switzerland, NMBE- 1077219, female, holotype from Lake Thun; paratypes N = 12. For females and for both sexes the range and mean include the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/ADDFF11237998190B234A9B125E57B70" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" tableUuid="ADDFF11237998190B234A9B125E57B70">6</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 10" captionStartId="T10" captionText="Table 10. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the six whitefish species of Lake Thun. For some comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-d); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Additionally, species were combined to find first- and second-best ratios that distinguish one species or a combination of species vs. all other species. For multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller δ the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" tableUuid="1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152">10</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Kottelat" authorityYear="1997" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus fatioi" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="103" start="start">Coregonus</pageBreakToken>
|
||
fatioi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus profundus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="profundus">Coregonus profundus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Kottelat" authorityYear="1997" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus fatioi" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="103">Coregonus fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Lake Thun can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. profundus" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="profundus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="103">C. profundus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having more and longer gill rakers (upper arch gill raker number: 10- 16, mode = 14 vs. 5-10, mode = 9; lower arch gill raker number: 22- 27, mode = 24 vs. 10-18, mode = 14; total gill raker number: 32-43, mode = 38 vs. 15-27, mode = 21; middle gill raker length: 12.5- 21.3% HL, mean = 15.8 vs. 7.6-11.7% HL, mean = 9.2; longest gill raker length: 12.8-22.6% HL, mean = 16.9 vs. 7.8-12.4% HL, mean = 10.1), shorter pectoral fin (pectoral fin 1 length: 13.3-18.9% SL, mean = 16.5 vs. 16.6-21% SL, mean = 18.4; pectoral fin 2 length: 13.8-20.6% SL, mean = 17.7 vs. 17.7-23.2% SL, mean = 20.2), a shorter head (13.6-16.2% SL, mean = 14.8 vs. 15.5-18.4% SL, mean = 16.4), a longer postdorsal length (41.6-50.7% SL, mean = 44.9 vs. 38.9-44.5% SL, mean = 42.5), and a longer upper jaw (28-34.1% HL, mean = 30.5 vs. 26.4-30.6% HL, mean = 28.7) (Tables
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Morphological and meristic data of C. fatioi Kottelat, 1997 from lakes Thun and Brienz, MHNG- 809.059 lectotype from Lake Thun; non-type material N = 30 from Lake Thun and N = 30 from Lake Brienz." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D20800A6BA3A8F81D3DE8557FAEE1C63" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="D20800A6BA3A8F81D3DE8557FAEE1C63">5</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="T8" captionText="Table 8. Morphological and meristic data of C. profundus from Lake Thun, NMBE- 1077208, male, holotype; paratypes N = 27. For ranges of males and for both sexes, the total range and mean include the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/106D69D79FEC92DADECA69DE36ACE593" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="106D69D79FEC92DADECA69DE36ACE593">8</tableCitation>
|
||
, Suppl. material 1: Table S6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Kottelat" authorityYear="1997" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus fatioi" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="103">Coregonus fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus acrinasus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acrinasus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="103">Coregonus acrinasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Kottelat" authorityYear="1997" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus fatioi" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="103">Coregonus fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acrinasus" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="acrinasus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="103">C. acrinasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a longer postdorsal length (41.6-50.7% SL, mean = 44.9 vs. 40.3- 45.6% SL, mean = 43) and longer gill rakers (middle gill raker length: 12.5-21.3% HL, mean = 15.8 vs. 9.1-16.6% HL, mean = 13.4; longest gill raker length: 12.8-22.6% HL, mean = 16.9 vs. 11.4-16.9% HL, mean = 14.5) (Tables
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Morphological and meristic data of C. fatioi Kottelat, 1997 from lakes Thun and Brienz, MHNG- 809.059 lectotype from Lake Thun; non-type material N = 30 from Lake Thun and N = 30 from Lake Brienz." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D20800A6BA3A8F81D3DE8557FAEE1C63" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="D20800A6BA3A8F81D3DE8557FAEE1C63">5</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 9" captionStartId="T9" captionText="Table 9. Morphological and meristic data of C. acrinasus from Lake Thun, NMBE- 1077271, male, holotype; paratypes N = 25. For males and for both sexes, the range and mean include the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/630F49D117E098C3FF92B828F712F7B9" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="630F49D117E098C3FF92B828F712F7B9">9</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="103">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="103">
|
||
General appearance is shown in Figure 6. Morphological and meristic characters of both sexes can be found in Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Morphological and meristic data of C. fatioi Kottelat, 1997 from lakes Thun and Brienz, MHNG- 809.059 lectotype from Lake Thun; non-type material N = 30 from Lake Thun and N = 30 from Lake Brienz." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D20800A6BA3A8F81D3DE8557FAEE1C63" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="D20800A6BA3A8F81D3DE8557FAEE1C63">5</tableCitation>
|
||
and Suppl. material 1: Table S6 and first- and second-best ratios for both sexes combined can be found in Tables
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 10" captionStartId="T10" captionText="Table 10. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the six whitefish species of Lake Thun. For some comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-d); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Additionally, species were combined to find first- and second-best ratios that distinguish one species or a combination of species vs. all other species. For multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller δ the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152">10</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 11" captionStartId="T11" captionText="Table 11. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the four whitefish species of Lake Brienz. For some species comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-l); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Due to large size differences between the species the LDA ratios were calculated with three different datasets; once each with individuals larger or smaller than 163.5 mm standard length and once with the full size ranges of all species. For the multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with that of the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717" pageId="24" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717">11</tableCitation>
|
||
. The description is valid for both sexes and both lakes; differences between the populations of lakes Thun and Brienz are mentioned.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="24" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="103">Shape</emphasis>
|
||
: Elongated. Slender bodied with greatest body depth anterior of the dorsal fin resulting in a slightly torpedo-like form. Dorsal and ventral profile similar and slightly arched. Dorsal and ventral profile from tip of snout to interorbital area mostly straight and then slightly convex to dorsal and pelvic fin origin respectively. Head long. Very rarely does the snout have an approx. 40-50° angle to the body axis anterior of the eye, such that the profile from the tip of the snout to the vertical projection where the anterior part of the eye crosses the dorsal profile is straight and afterwards slightly convex. Mouth thick (i.e., width of upper and lower jaw), long and often terminal and only rarely slightly sub-terminal. Snout mostly wider than deep, not strongly pronounced, since the tip of the snout is often fleshy and roundish. Specimens from Lake Thun have a thin, roundish and rarely triangular shaped eye-socket, whereas specimens from Lake Brienz have an eye-socket that is thick and triangular (i.e., sickle-shaped). Pectoral fin moderately tapered. Anterior unbranched ray of the erected dorsal fin ranges from almost vertically straight to an approx. 60-80° angle to body axis and only bent slightly posteriorly at the end of the ray. Caudal peduncle narrow and elongated with caudal fin forked in specimens from both lakes and sometimes moderately asymmetrical (mostly the ventral part is longer) in specimens from Lake Thun but very rarely in specimens from Lake Brienz. Unbranched ray of anal fin straight and rarely bent posteriorly at the end of the ray. Anal fin longest anteriorly and progres
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="104" start="start">sively</pageBreakToken>
|
||
shortening posteriorly with the outer margin of the anal fin ranging from being straight to slightly concave.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="104">Meristics</emphasis>
|
||
: Specimens of Lake Thun have many and long gill rakers, whereas specimens from Lake Brienz have a bit less and moderately long gill rakers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="104">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
: Pigmentation of fins and body overall weak in live specimens. In specimens from Lake Thun the pectoral fin is translucent, sometimes yellowish with faint pigmentation at the median to distal parts of the fin. In Thun the pelvic fin ranges from completely translucent to moderately pigmented and the dorsal, adipose, anal and caudal fins are moderately pigmented. Specimens from Lake Brienz have a fully translucent pectoral fin that sometimes has a faint pigmentation on the unbranched ray. Pelvic and anal fins range from fully transparent to moderately pigmented and dorsal, adipose and caudal fins are moderately pigmented. In both lakes fish have a silvery appearance along the flanks. Specimens from both lakes sometimes have many pigmented small dots on the scales along the flank and the dorsum, which is rare in specimens from Lake Thun and common in specimens from Lake Brienz. Distribution of the dots is bound to the scale patterning such that the dots are found at the edge of the scales or at the boundary point of two scales (as can be found for the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="25" pageNumber="104" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="104">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="25" pageNumber="104" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="104">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="25" pageNumber="104" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="104">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Colouration on the dorsum above the lateral line of specimens from Lake Thun ranges from a light green colouration (e.g., RGB (136, 245, 205)) to an olive-green colouration (e.g., RGB (176, 192, 125)), where the former is more common. In specimens from Lake Brienz the upper dorsum is light greenish in colouration (e.g., RGB (136, 245, 205)). For a comparison to the main colouration found in the other species see Suppl. material 1: Figure S8. The dorsal part of the head of specimens of Lake Brienz is weakly pigmented, whereas that of specimens from Lake Thun is moderately pigmented. The snout around the nostrils is weakly (Lake Brienz) to moderately (Lake Thun) pigmented with a gap of very weak (Brienz) to moderate (Thun) pigmentation posteriorly of the nostrils up to the height of the middle of the eyes. Operculum and pre-operculum are silvery with one black dot on the lower margin of the pre-operculum. Preserved specimens are pale in colouration with similar pigmentation as described for live specimens. Silvery, translucent, not coloured or unpigmented parts of the body become brown-yellowish (e.g., RGB (239, 210, 40)), whereas the pigmented parts are conserved and the coloured parts (dorsally above the lateral line) become brownish (e.g., RGB (186, 140, 100)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="25" pageNumber="104" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="104">Distribution and notes on biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="25" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Kottelat" authorityYear="1997" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus fatioi" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="104">Coregonus fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in the lakes Thun (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.666668">46°40'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.7666664">7°46'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) and Brienz (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.716667">46°43'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.95">7°57'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) that are connected through the river Aare at Interlaken. Based on isotopic signatures
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="25" pageNumber="104" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="104">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeds predominantly on zooplankton (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Selz, OM" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B56" refString="Selz, OM, 2008. Building a link between dN and dC stable isotopes signatures and the ecological phenotypic forms of Whitefish (Coregonuslaveratus (L.)) in 4 Swiss Lakes. B.Sc. Thesis: University of Bern, Bern." title="Building a link between dN and dC stable isotopes signatures and the ecological phenotypic forms of Whitefish (Coregonuslaveratus (L. )) in 4 Swiss Lakes. B. Sc. Thesis: University of Bern, Bern." year="2008">Selz 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B25" refString="Hudson, AG, 2011. Population genomics and ecology of parallel adaptive radiations: the Alpine lake whitefish. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." title="Population genomics and ecology of parallel adaptive radiations: the Alpine lake whitefish. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." year="2011">Hudson 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ingram, T" journalOrPublisher="Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B30" refString="Ingram, T, Hudson, AG, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2012. Does water depth or diet divergence predict progress towards ecological speciation in whitefish radiations? Evolutionary Ecology Research 14: 487-502." title="Does water depth or diet divergence predict progress towards ecological speciation in whitefish radiations? Evolutionary Ecology Research 14: 487 - 502." year="2012">Ingram et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Stomach content analyses of specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="25" pageNumber="104" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="104">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Lake Brienz suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="25" pageNumber="104" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="104">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeds on a mix of zooplankton and benthic prey (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maurer, V" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" refId="B42" refString="Maurer, V, Guthruf, K, 2005. Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i.A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1-18." title="Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i. A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1 - 18." year="2005">Maurer and Guthruf 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" author="Mueller, R" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="271 - 288" refId="B43" refString="Mueller, R, Breitenstein, M, Bia, MM, Rellstab, C, Kirchhofer, A, 2007. Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz. Aquatic Sciences 69: 271 - 288, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" title="Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" volume="69" year="2007">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Kottelat" authorityYear="1997" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus fatioi" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="104">Coregonus fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a moderately fast growth rate (Both lakes:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirchhofer, A" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="61 - 70" refId="B35" refString="Kirchhofer, A, 1995. Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology 46: 61 - 70" title="Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations." volume="46" year="1995">Kirchhofer 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Bittner et al. unpublished; Lake Brienz:
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" author="Mueller, R" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="271 - 288" refId="B43" refString="Mueller, R, Breitenstein, M, Bia, MM, Rellstab, C, Kirchhofer, A, 2007. Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz. Aquatic Sciences 69: 271 - 288, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" title="Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" volume="69" year="2007">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has to be noted that the work by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirchhofer, A" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="61 - 70" refId="B35" refString="Kirchhofer, A, 1995. Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology 46: 61 - 70" title="Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations." volume="46" year="1995">Kirchhofer (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maurer, V" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" refId="B42" refString="Maurer, V, Guthruf, K, 2005. Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i.A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1-18." title="Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i. A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1 - 18." year="2005">Maurer and Guthruf (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" author="Mueller, R" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="271 - 288" refId="B43" refString="Mueller, R, Breitenstein, M, Bia, MM, Rellstab, C, Kirchhofer, A, 2007. Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz. Aquatic Sciences 69: 271 - 288, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" title="Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" volume="69" year="2007">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="105" start="start">distinguish</pageBreakToken>
|
||
between all species in lakes Thun or Brienz and thus lumped different species together into few groups.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maurer, V" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" refId="B42" refString="Maurer, V, Guthruf, K, 2005. Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i.A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1-18." title="Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i. A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1 - 18." year="2005">Maurer and Guthruf (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" author="Mueller, R" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="271 - 288" refId="B43" refString="Mueller, R, Breitenstein, M, Bia, MM, Rellstab, C, Kirchhofer, A, 2007. Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz. Aquatic Sciences 69: 271 - 288, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" title="Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" volume="69" year="2007">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
differentiated between "small-type" and "large-type" whitefish based on cohort-specific threshold values for length-at-age. Based on morphology and ecology
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirchhofer, A" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="61 - 70" refId="B35" refString="Kirchhofer, A, 1995. Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology 46: 61 - 70" title="Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations." volume="46" year="1995">Kirchhofer (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
differentiated in Lake Thun between "Albock" (comprising most likely of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acrinasus" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="acrinasus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">C. acrinasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), "Brienzlig" (comprising most likely of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and "Kropfer" (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. profundus" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="profundus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">C. profundus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and in Lake Brienz between "Felchen" (comprising most likely of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and "Brienzlig" and "Winter-Brienzlig" (comprising of summer- and winter-spawning specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The gill raker number and length of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(many and long gill rakers) suggests, based on the functional properties of the number of gill rakers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12063" author="Lundsgaard-Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="483 - 498" refId="B41" refString="Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Matthews, B, Vonlanthen, P, Taverna, A, Seehausen, O, 2013. Adaptive plasticity and genetic divergence in feeding efficiency during parallel adaptive radiation of whitefish (Coregonus spp.). Journal of Evolutionary Biology 26: 483 - 498, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12063" title="Adaptive plasticity and genetic divergence in feeding efficiency during parallel adaptive radiation of whitefish (Coregonus spp.)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12063" volume="26" year="2013">Lundsgaard-Hansen et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12166" author="Roesch, C" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="1578 - 1587" refId="B50" refString="Roesch, C, Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Vonlanthen, P, Taverna, A, Seehausen, O, 2013. Experimental evidence for trait utility of gill raker number in adaptive radiation of a north temperate fish. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 26: 1578 - 1587, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12166" title="Experimental evidence for trait utility of gill raker number in adaptive radiation of a north temperate fish." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12166" volume="26" year="2013">Roesch et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeds more on zooplankton and less on benthic prey. However, this assumption needs to be verified with stomach content analyses that distinguish between the different species within a lake. Habitat stratified random sampling of Lake Thun (mid-October 2013;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vonlanthen, P" journalOrPublisher="Projet Lac, Eawag, Kastanien- baum" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B63" refString="Vonlanthen, P, Periat, G, Doenz, C, Hellmann, J, Alexander, TJ, Seehausen, O, 2015. Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Thunersee. Projet Lac, Eawag, Kastanien- baum" title="Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Thunersee." year="2015">Vonlanthen et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Brienz (mid-September 2011; Vonlanthen et al. 2013) shows, that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occupies the moderately shallow (Brienz: approx. 1-48 m,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 9; Thun: approx. 25-140 m,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4) to the deepest waters of the benthic habitat in both lakes (down to 217 m and 261 m in lakes Thun and Brienz, respectively) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the pelagic habitat
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
aggregates in lakes Thun and Brienz in moderate water depths (Brienz: approx. 1-100 m,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 10; Thun: approx. 10-40 m,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 9) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Note that the habitat-stratified random sampling data for both lakes only covers a short period of time (one month in late summer) and it is thus not clear how the species are distributed spatially through the rest of the year. Furthermore, the habitat-stratified random sampling in the both lakes did not distinguish between ripe and unripe specimens, and thus in the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the distribution pattern along the depth in the benthic zone is biased by the spawning aggregation of this species since the sampling period in both lakes coincides partially with the spawning season of this species.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Kottelat" authorityYear="1997" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus fatioi" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">Coregonus fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles phenotypically
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and to some extent
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. profundus" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="profundus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">C. profundus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Interestingly,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B57" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
already mentioned for Lake Thun that the ecotype "
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus lavaretus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lavaretus">Coregonus lavaretus</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. nat. arurenis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">oekot. nanus</emphasis>
|
||
" (most likely
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) should be grouped based on its ecology closely to the ecotype "
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus lavaretus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lavaretus">Coregonus lavaretus</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. nat. arurenis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">oekot. pelagicus</emphasis>
|
||
" (most likely
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Steinmann mentions the German name "Schwebalbock" for the ecotype "pelagicus", which means verbally translated the "floating whitefish" and mentions that the "nanus" ecotype seems to be a small species with similar ecological properties. For the large whitefish species in Lake Thun,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B57" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
defined one central ecotype, the "primigenius" ecotoype, which he places - based on the size - with two other ecotypes namely the "litoralis" ecotoype (most likely
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the "pelagicus" ecotype (most likely
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="105">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Besides referring to a "primigenius" ecotype,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B57" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also refers to a "primigenius"-group, which most likely comprises of the "pelagicus" and "litoralis" ecotypes. A further indication of this is that he also mentions that yet another ecotype, namely the "
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="profundus" pageId="26" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="profundus">profundus</taxonomicName>
|
||
" ecotype, can be directly deduced from the
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="106" start="start">"</pageBreakToken>
|
||
primigenius" ecotype.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B57" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
further mentions that specimens, which he places in the "primigenius"-group, used to migrate before the construction of water gates (see below) upstream from Lake Thun into the river Aare, which connects Lake Thun with Lake Brienz.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B57" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions that these fish belong to the "primigenius"-group, but did not specify if the migrating population constituted of individuals of the "litoralis" or the "pelagicus" ecotype or both. This migrating population was referred to as "Wanderalbock" (i.e. migrating whitefish) in German and historically migrated from Lake Thun into Lake Brienz during the spawning season, before migration became impossible due to the construction of water gates in 1856 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="V, 2 partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B19" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol. V, 2partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" year="1890">Fatio 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="V, 2 partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B19" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol. V, 2partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" year="1890">Fatio (1890)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that a large part of the population of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="106">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
"disappeared" at the beginning of the spawning season in late August and was caught by fishermen in the river Aare downstream (near the city of Thun or Bern) or upstream (near the city of Interlaken) of Lake Thun before and after the construction of the water gate. We compared six whitefish specimens from the museum collections of the MHNG and NMBE, which had no species designation but where it was mentioned that they were caught in the river Aare near the city of Bern (in the years 1881 and 1895), Thun (in the year 1950) and Interlaken (in the year 1945), to the contemporary specimens of Lake Thun including the type specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="106">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatio" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="fatio">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="106">C. fatio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
i and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="106">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All the specimens were caught after the construction of the water gate, when free movement between the lakes was already constrained. All six specimens from the river Aare group in morphospace within the range or adjacent to the range of the contemporary specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="106">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
including the type specimen (Suppl. material 1: Figure S11a-c), suggesting that the historically migrating population of whitefish from Lake Thun most likely belonged to the species
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="106">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bittner, D" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, Oxford" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B12" refString="Bittner, D, 2009. Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." title="Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." year="2009">Bittner (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
sampled and genotyped individuals of a population of whitefish spawning in the river Aare near Interlaken.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
re-analysed those individuals and was able to assign 4 individuals with high assignment probability (>70%) to several different contemporary species of Lake Thun, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="106">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(individual assignment probability of THL15N18 = 86%),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acrinasus" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="acrinasus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="106">C. acrinasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ind. assign. prob. of THL15N07 and THL15N23 = 77% and 80%, respectively) and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="106">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ind. assign. prob. of THL15NfS1124 = 92%). This suggest either that historically more species than just
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="106">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
migrated to the river Aare for spawning and were missed both by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="V, 2 partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B19" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol. V, 2partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" year="1890">Fatio (1890)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B57" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and are thus not represented in our PCA morphospace of Aare river whitefish (Suppl. material 1: Figure S11 a-c). Or the historical migratory population consisted - as has been suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="V, 2 partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B19" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol. V, 2partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" year="1890">Fatio (1890)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B57" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
- of individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="106">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The average size (total length) at 3 years of age for specimens in this study is 266
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
15 mm (mean and standard deviation, N = 14) and 244
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
14 mm (N = 16) for lakes Thun and Brienz respectively (Suppl. material 1: Figures S4-S6). In Lake Brienz the size of 3-year-old specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="106">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considerably larger than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="106">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="106">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="106">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas in Lake Thun it is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. profundus" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="profundus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="106">C. profundus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="106">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and smaller than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="106">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="106">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acrinasus" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="acrinasus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="106">C. acrinasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Suppl. material 1: Figure S6).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Kottelat" authorityYear="1997" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus fatioi" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="106">Coregonus fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a long spawning season with two peaks. One spawn
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="107" start="start">ing</pageBreakToken>
|
||
peak is in late summer/early autumn from August to October, which seems more common in Lake Thun than Lake Brienz, and the second peak is in early to late winter from December to March (Suppl. material 1: Figure S3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bittner, D" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, Oxford" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B12" refString="Bittner, D, 2009. Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." title="Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." year="2009">Bittner 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Spawning depth varies with spawning season and can range from approx. 40 m down to the max. depth of 210 m and 261 m in lakes Thun and Brienz, respectively (Suppl. material 1: Figure S3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bittner, D" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, Oxford" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B12" refString="Bittner, D, 2009. Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." title="Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." year="2009">Bittner 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Occasionally
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="28" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="107">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be found spawning shallower (up to 10 m), but generally it spawns in deeper waters. The spawning season and depth of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="28" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="107">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
partially overlaps with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="28" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="107">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="28" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="107">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acrinasus" pageId="28" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="acrinasus">C. acrinasus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. profundus" pageId="28" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="profundus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="107">C. profundus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Lake Thun and with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="28" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="107">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="28" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="107">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Lake Brienz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="107" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="107">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="107">
|
||
The name given to this species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="V, 2 partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B19" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol. V, 2partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" year="1890">Fatio (1890)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was preoccupied by another species described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B18" refString="Fatio, V, 1885. Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649-665. [22, 23 pls]" title="Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649 - 665. [22, 23 pls]" year="1885">Fatio (1885)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kottelat, M" journalOrPublisher="Biologia, Bratislava, Section Zoology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 271" refId="B37" refString="Kottelat, M, 1997. European freshwater fishes. A heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, Section Zoology 52: 1 - 271" title="European freshwater fishes. A heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation." volume="52" year="1997">Kottelat (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="28" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="107">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a replacement name. The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="fatioi" pageId="28" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="107">fatioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the genitive of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="107">Fatio</emphasis>
|
||
. It was named by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kottelat, M" journalOrPublisher="Biologia, Bratislava, Section Zoology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 271" refId="B37" refString="Kottelat, M, 1997. European freshwater fishes. A heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, Section Zoology 52: 1 - 271" title="European freshwater fishes. A heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation." volume="52" year="1997">Kottelat (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
after the late researcher Viktor Fatio, a zoologist from Switzerland who wrote a standard reference work on the Swiss vertebrates entitled "Faune des
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vertébrés">Vertebres</normalizedToken>
|
||
de la Suisse Partie 1-3"and in which he also described part of the whitefish species diversity of Switzerland.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="107" type="common name">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="107">Common name.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="107">Tiefenalbock in Lake Thun and Felchen in Lake Brienz.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |