197 lines
17 KiB
XML
197 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6418279" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc3766a8-d834-42d8-9b39-0612d00293ca" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6418279" checkinTime="1600873888554" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="194287C9FFBFBA14B1B5FF8AB3A3FA49" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Mormopterus acetabulosus" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="623" masterDocId="E57BFFB1FFBCBA10B412F760B226FFCE" masterDocTitle="Molossidae" masterLastPageNumber="672" masterPageNumber="598" pageNumber="622" updateTime="1661886293392" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Molossidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>598</mods:start>
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<mods:end>672</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6418279</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">bc3766a8-d834-42d8-9b39-0612d00293ca</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6418279</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567790" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195583632" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6567790" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:194287C9FFBFBA14B1B5FF8AB3A3FA49" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/194287C9FFBFBA14B1B5FF8AB3A3FA49" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="623" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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<heading pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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<subSubSection box="[1447,1480,2282,2328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1445,2608,2282,2407]" box="[1447,1480,2282,2328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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<figureCitation box="[1447,1480,2282,2328]" captionStart="Plate 46: Molossidae" captionStartId="2.[150,180,3328,3353]" captionTargetBox="[11,2775,18,3659]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Blunt-eared Bat (Tomopeas ravus), 2. Lesser Naked Bat (Chewromeles parvidens), 3. Greater Naked Bat (Chewromeles torquatus), 4. Peters’s Little Mastff Bat (Mormopterus jugularis), 5. Reunion Little Masuft Bat (Mormopterus francoismoutoui), 6. Mauritian Little Mastiff Bat (Mormopterus acetabulosus), 7. Sumatran Little Mastift Bat (Mormopterus doriae), 8. Least Little Mastiff Bat (Mormopterus minutus), 9. Kalinowski’s Little Mastiff Bat (Mormopterus kalinowskii), 10. Incan Little Masuft Bat (Mormopterus phrudus), 11. Alvarez’s Mastff Bat (Molossus alvarez), 12. Aztec Mastff Bat (Molossus aztecus), 13. Coiban Mastuff Bat (Molossus cotbensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6567832/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">6.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1496,2062,2282,2328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1445,2608,2282,2407]" box="[1496,2062,2282,2328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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<vernacularName box="[1496,2062,2282,2328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Mauritian Little Mastiff Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2132,2607,2282,2328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1445,2608,2282,2407]" box="[2132,2607,2282,2328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hermann" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[2132,2607,2282,2328]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acetabulosus">
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<emphasis box="[2132,2607,2282,2328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Mormopterus acetabulosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="622" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1445,2608,2282,2407]" box="[1446,2569,2346,2367]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1446,1522,2346,2367]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1532,1755,2346,2367]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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Molosse de
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<collectingRegion box="[1657,1755,2346,2367]" country="Mauritius" name="Port Louis" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Port-Louis</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1776,1867,2346,2367]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1876,2182,2346,2367]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Mauritius-Mastino-Fledermaus</vernacularName>
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/ Spanish: Mormoptero de
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<collectingRegion box="[2471,2569,2346,2367]" country="Mauritius" name="Port Louis" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Port-Louis</collectingRegion>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1445,2608,2282,2407]" box="[1446,2165,2386,2407]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1446,1692,2386,2407]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1703,1949,2386,2407]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Mauritian Free-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[1963,2165,2386,2407]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Natal Free-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="622" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[2058,2650,2453,2880]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2058,2213,2453,2486]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Hermann, 1804" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1804" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acetabulosus">Vespertilio acetabulosus Hermann, 1804</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2242,2545,2496,2525]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[2058,2650,2453,2880]" box="[2242,2545,2496,2525]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3780789384" box="[2242,2545,2496,2525]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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<collectingRegion box="[2242,2389,2496,2525]" country="Mauritius" name="Port Louis" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Port Louis</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2406,2542,2496,2525]" name="Mauritius" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="622" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[2058,2650,2453,2880]" lastBlockId="3.[1439,2651,2886,3471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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Because the holotype could not be located in the Muséum national dhistoire naturelle in Paris, S. M. Goodman and colleagues in 2008 designated Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH) 1984-368, from Palma Cave, Palma,
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<collectingRegion box="[2239,2498,2738,2763]" country="Mauritius" name="Black River" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Black River District</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2512,2643,2738,2763]" name="Mauritius" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[2058,2144,2773,2802]" degrees="20" minutes="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">20° 16</geoCoordinate>
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-405’ S,
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<geoCoordinate box="[2254,2342,2773,2802]" degrees="57" minutes="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">57° 27</geoCoordinate>
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-147’ E,as the neotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1804" box="[2098,2299,2808,2841]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acetabulosus">M. acetabulosus</taxonomicName>
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. A. S. Cheke in 2009 reported on drawings of the type specimen that were referred to in the original description, suggesting that the designation of a neotype was unnecessary. Nevertheless, because a physical specimen is necessary for formal revision according to the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature, validity of the neotype is here affirmed.
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<taxonomicName authority="Goodman et al, 2008" box="[1800,2043,3004,3037]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="francoismoutoui">M. francoismoutoui</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry box="[2128,2338,3004,3037]" name="Reunion Island" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Réunion Island</collectingCountry>
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was until 2008 considered part of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1804" box="[1624,1823,3044,3077]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="623" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acetabulosus">M. acetabulosus</taxonomicName>
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, but the two species differ genetically and based on several morphological characteristics, including larger size of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1804" box="[2182,2378,3083,3116]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="623" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acetabulosus">M. acetabulosus</taxonomicName>
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and its more widely spaced ears compared with M. francoismoutour, in which the ears are closer together and joined by flap of skin that is absent in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1804" box="[1945,2140,3162,3195]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acetabulosus">M. acetabulosus</taxonomicName>
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. Although the subspecies name
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1804" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acetabulosus">M. acetabulosus</taxonomicName>
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natalensis by A. Smith in 1847 is available for the two specimens recorded from Durban in
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<collectingCountry box="[1596,1766,3241,3274]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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, the fact that these individuals were vagrants and that there is no viable population in
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<collectingCountry box="[1721,1889,3281,3314]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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makes recognition of subspecies redundant. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="622" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6772248" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6772248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6772248/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" startId="3.[1444,1616,3324,3353]" targetBox="[1443,2034,2461,2875]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1439,2651,2886,3471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1444,1620,3324,3353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Restricted to
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<collectingCountry box="[1824,1959,3324,3353]" name="Mauritius" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
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; there are two isolated records attributed to this species from the Durban region on E coast of
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<collectingCountry box="[2107,2286,3359,3392]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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. Previous authors considered it to occur on
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<collectingCountry box="[1723,1887,3403,3432]" name="Madagascar" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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, but Goodman and coworkers found no evidence for its occurrence there.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="623" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[133,1344,281,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[135,389,281,310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 49-52 mm, tail 43-50 mm, ear 15-18 mm, hindfoot 6-7 mm, forearm 38-43 mm; weight 6-8-2 g. The Mauritian Little Mastiff Bat has slightly flattened head, no facial ornamentation, and tail protruding beyond hind margin of uropatagium. Dorsal fur is short, uniformly dark brown, and unicolored above; fur becomes paler on abdomen. Wings and uropatagium are dark brown. Ears are small, erect, subtriangular, without complex folds, and separated at bases, with distinct sickle-shaped emargination below tips. Tragus is small but not concealed by antitragus. Adult males have distinct throat gland that is absent in females. Upperlips have several deep wrinkles, few spoon-hairs, and many fine hairs. Hindclaws have fine hairs and many stout bristles. Braincase is slightly flattened, palatal emargination is wide, and basisphenoid pits are poorly developed. Third ridge of M? is longer than second. Dental formulaisl 1/3, Cl1/1,P1/2 M3/3 (x2) = 30.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[136,887,758,783]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[133,1344,281,1415]" box="[136,887,758,783]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,246,758,783]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Scrubland, woodland, and agricultural areas.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[135,636,789,822]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[133,1344,281,1415]" box="[135,636,789,822]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[135,397,789,822]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[136,509,829,862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[133,1344,281,1415]" box="[136,509,829,862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,270,829,862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">Breeding.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="623" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[133,1344,281,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[134,370,868,901]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Mauritian Little Mastiff Bats are nocturnal and roost in lava tunnels at apparently less than five sites on
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<collectingCountry box="[630,766,908,941]" name="Mauritius" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="623" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[133,1344,281,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[135,834,951,980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Colonies of Mauritian Little Mastiff Bats have up to tens of thousands of individuals.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="623" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[133,1344,281,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,478,1026,1059]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The few roosting sites of Mauritian Little Mastiff Bats are threatened by human disturbance. Populations have declined 80% in the past 18 years. Based on visits to five cave sites between 2005 and 2012 when no obvious declines were observed,it is possible that notall sites are declining as substantially as indicated on The IUCN Red List, and there might be additional unsurveyed cave sites that are not yet impacted. Nevertheless, the fact that this species does not seem to have adapted to roosting in human structuresis cause for concern.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="623" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[133,1344,281,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,286,1351,1376]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Bergmans, Hutson, Oleksy & Taylor et al. (2017), Cheke (2009), Goodman, Jansen van Vuuren et al. (2008), Smith (1847).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |