213 lines
17 KiB
XML
213 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6418279" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc3766a8-d834-42d8-9b39-0612d00293ca" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6418279" checkinTime="1600873888554" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="194287C9FFA7BA0CB1AFFC50B66EF9EE" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Chaerephon leucogaster A. Grandidier 1869" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="647" masterDocId="E57BFFB1FFBCBA10B412F760B226FFCE" masterDocTitle="Molossidae" masterLastPageNumber="672" masterPageNumber="598" pageNumber="646" updateTime="1661886293392" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Molossidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>598</mods:start>
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<mods:end>672</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6418279</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">bc3766a8-d834-42d8-9b39-0612d00293ca</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6418279</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6577374" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195583601" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6577374" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:194287C9FFA7BA0CB1AFFC50B66EF9EE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/194287C9FFA7BA0CB1AFFC50B66EF9EE" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="647" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<heading pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<subSubSection box="[1469,1527,2864,2910]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1467,2609,2864,2993]" box="[1469,1527,2864,2910]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<figureCitation box="[1469,1527,2864,2910]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="26.[127,157,3282,3307]" captionTargetBox="[13,2783,15,3656]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="On following pages: 61. Spotted Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon bivittatus); 62. Long-crested Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon chapini); 63. Gallagher's Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon gallagheri); 64. Grandidier's Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon leucogasten); 65. Lappet-eared Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon majon; 66. Nigerian Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon nigeriae); 67. Sao Tome Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon tomensis); 68. Little Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon pumilus);, 69. Russet Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon russatus); 70. Seychelles Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon pusillus); 71. Madagascar Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon atsinanana); 72. Black-and-red Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon jobimena); 73. Lesser Northern Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon johorensis); 74. Wrinkle-lipped Free-Tailed Bat (Chaerephon plicatus); 75. Fijian Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon bregullae); 76. Solomons Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon solomonis); 77. Greater Northern Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon jobensis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6567852/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">64.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1544,2121,2864,2910]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1467,2609,2864,2993]" box="[1544,2121,2864,2910]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<vernacularName box="[1544,2121,2864,2910]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Grandidier’s Free-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2195,2609,2864,2910]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1467,2609,2864,2993]" box="[2195,2609,2864,2910]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Grandidier" authorityYear="1869" box="[2195,2609,2864,2910]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">
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<emphasis box="[2195,2609,2864,2910]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Chaerephon leucogaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1469,2549,2928,2949]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1467,2609,2864,2993]" box="[1469,2549,2928,2949]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1469,1544,2928,2949]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1549,1774,2928,2949]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Tadaride de Grandidier</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1795,1886,2928,2949]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1895,2190,2928,2949]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Grandidier-Bulldogfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/ Spanish: Caerepon de Grandidier
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1468,2140,2968,2989]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1467,2609,2864,2993]" box="[1468,2140,2968,2989]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1468,1715,2968,2989]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1725,2140,2968,2989]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Madagascan White-bellied Free-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[2080,2674,3038,3462]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2080,2236,3038,3067]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="A. Grandidier, 1869" authorityName="A. Grandidier" authorityYear="1869" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Nyctinomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">Nyctinomus leucogaster A. Grandidier, 1869</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[2080,2674,3038,3462]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3780789367" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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“Mahab [= Mahabo] au Ménabé,” east of Morondava,
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<collectingCountry box="[2457,2622,3121,3146]" name="Madagascar" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[2080,2674,3038,3462]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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The species forms a complex with
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="649" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumilus">C. pumilus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[2150,2346,3192,3225]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atsinanana">C. atsinanana</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1902" box="[2451,2598,3192,3225]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">C. pusillus</taxonomicName>
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that stretches across south-western Arabia, Africa,
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<collectingCountry box="[2150,2314,3271,3304]" name="Madagascar" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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, and other Indian Ocean islands. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="647" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567800" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6567800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6567800/files/figure.png" inLine="true" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="647" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" targetBox="[1465,2057,3047,3462]" targetPageId="27">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[2080,2674,3038,3462]" lastBlockId="28.[153,1367,277,1571]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="647" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2081,2257,3350,3383]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Widely distributed over Africa, with scattered records from
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<collectingCountry name="Sierra Leone" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2191,2254,3437,3462]" name="Serbia" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Mali</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2272,2430,3437,3462]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2449,2543,3437,3462]" name="Ghana" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Ghana</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2561,2666,3437,3462]" name="Nigeria" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[160,311,277,306]" name="Cameroon" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[329,405,277,306]" name="Chad" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">Chad</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[423,544,277,306]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[561,887,277,306]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[905,1054,277,306]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
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, coastal
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<collectingCountry box="[1176,1302,277,306]" name="Tanzania" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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(including
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<collectingRegion box="[277,372,312,345]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Pemba" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">Pemba</collectingRegion>
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I), and possibly
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<collectingCountry box="[609,715,312,345]" name="Zambia" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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; in
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<collectingCountry box="[770,934,312,345]" name="Madagascar" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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, widespread in the lower-lying areas of W (including Nosy Be and Nosy Komba), with a single record from E coast; also occurs on Comoro Is (Grande Comore, Anjouan, Mohéli, and
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<collectingCountry box="[1107,1226,399,424]" name="Mayotte" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">Mayotte</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="647" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="28.[153,1367,277,1571]" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,411,431,464]" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body ¢.53-62 mm,tail 26-37 mm, ear 13-17 mm, hindfoot 5-7 mm, forearm 33-37 mm; weight 6-10 g. Grandidier’s Free-tailed Bat is the smallest member of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1874" box="[326,471,513,542]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="647" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chaerephon</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingCountry box="[515,679,513,542]" name="Madagascar" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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. Pelage is short; head, back, throat, and chest are dark brown, and belly is whitish. Wing and tail membranes are typically blackish, but pale and translucent in some individuals. Ears are medium-sized andjoined by band of skin. In males, there is interaural crest and associated crest of long erectile hairs. There are no gular ortail glands. Tragusis very small, squarish or sometimes with small lobe at top of posterior margin, and concealed by semicircular antitragus. Anterior palatal emargination is closed, with paired incisive foramina, and basisphenoid pits are deep. M? has third ridge nearly as long as second ridge.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="647" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="28.[153,1367,277,1571]" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,270,825,858]" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">Habitat.</emphasis>
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In
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<collectingCountry box="[319,483,825,858]" name="Madagascar" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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, dry open woodlands, degraded habitats, and urban areas from sea level up to ¢.
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<quantity box="[386,478,864,897]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="647" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[159,660,904,937]" pageId="28" pageNumber="647" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="28.[153,1367,277,1571]" box="[159,660,904,937]" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,421,904,937]" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[160,533,943,976]" pageId="28" pageNumber="647" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="28.[153,1367,277,1571]" box="[160,533,943,976]" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,294,943,976]" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">Breeding.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="647" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="28.[153,1367,277,1571]" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[157,393,982,1015]" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Grandidier’s Free-tailed Bat is nocturnal and roosts synanthropically in the roof spaces of buildings, particularly those associated with colonial architecture. The only record of a natural roost involves a small group of four individuals that was located under the bark of an exfoliating dead tree c.
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<quantity box="[894,948,1101,1134]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="647" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
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off the ground. According to J. M. Russ and colleagues in 2003, in cluttered habitats in
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<collectingCountry box="[978,1144,1144,1173]" name="Madagascar" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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the narrow FM echolocation calls had a low peak frequency (frequency with most energy) of 28 kHz, a bandwidth of 19 kHz, and a duration of 8 milliseconds. In
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<collectingCountry box="[1030,1194,1223,1252]" name="Madagascar" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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, individuals were recovered from pellets of bat hawks (Macheiramphus alcinus).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="647" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="28.[153,1367,277,1571]" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,862,1298,1331]" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Grandidier’s Free-tailed Bats occur in small colonies roosting together in buildings.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="647" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="28.[153,1367,277,1571]" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,512,1377,1410]" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion box="[525,578,1377,1410]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">Not</collectingRegion>
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assessed on The IUCN Red List. Grandidier’s Free-tailed Bat was included within the Little Free-tailed Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[875,1025,1421,1450]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="647" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumilus">C. pumilus</taxonomicName>
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), which was classified as Least Concern.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="647" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="28.[153,1367,277,1571]" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,313,1503,1528]" pageId="28" pageNumber="647">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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ACR (2017), Goodman (2011), Goodman & Raherilalao (2013), Goodman, Andriafidison et al. (2005), Ratrimomanarivo, Goodman, Stanley et al. (2009), Russ, Bennett et al. (2003).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |