224 lines
18 KiB
XML
224 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6418279" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc3766a8-d834-42d8-9b39-0612d00293ca" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6418279" checkinTime="1600873888554" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="194287C9FFA7BA0BB4ADF0A9B547FC1E" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Chaerephon chapini J. A. Allen 1917" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="646" masterDocId="E57BFFB1FFBCBA10B412F760B226FFCE" masterDocTitle="Molossidae" masterLastPageNumber="672" masterPageNumber="598" pageNumber="646" updateTime="1661886293392" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Molossidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>598</mods:start>
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<mods:end>672</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6418279</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">bc3766a8-d834-42d8-9b39-0612d00293ca</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6418279</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6564835" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195583616" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6564835" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:194287C9FFA7BA0BB4ADF0A9B547FC1E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/194287C9FFA7BA0BB4ADF0A9B547FC1E" lastPageNumber="646" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<heading pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<subSubSection box="[191,248,1993,2043]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[189,1393,1993,2166]" box="[191,248,1993,2043]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<figureCitation box="[191,248,1993,2043]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="26.[127,157,3282,3307]" captionTargetBox="[13,2783,15,3656]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="On following pages: 61. Spotted Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon bivittatus); 62. Long-crested Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon chapini); 63. Gallagher's Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon gallagheri); 64. Grandidier's Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon leucogasten); 65. Lappet-eared Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon majon; 66. Nigerian Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon nigeriae); 67. Sao Tome Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon tomensis); 68. Little Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon pumilus);, 69. Russet Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon russatus); 70. Seychelles Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon pusillus); 71. Madagascar Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon atsinanana); 72. Black-and-red Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon jobimena); 73. Lesser Northern Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon johorensis); 74. Wrinkle-lipped Free-Tailed Bat (Chaerephon plicatus); 75. Fijian Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon bregullae); 76. Solomons Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon solomonis); 77. Greater Northern Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon jobensis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6567852/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">62.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[265,854,1993,2043]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[189,1393,1993,2166]" box="[265,854,1993,2043]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<vernacularName box="[265,854,1993,2043]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Long-crested Free-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[928,1280,1993,2043]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[189,1393,1993,2166]" box="[928,1280,1993,2043]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1917" box="[928,1280,1993,2043]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapini">
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<emphasis box="[928,1280,1993,2043]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Chaerephon chapini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[190,1171,2061,2082]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[189,1393,1993,2166]" box="[190,1171,2061,2082]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[190,266,2061,2082]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[271,462,2061,2082]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Tadaride de Chapin</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[483,574,2061,2082]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[583,846,2061,2082]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Chapin-Bulldogfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/ Spanish: Caerepon de Chapin
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[189,1393,1993,2166]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[190,438,2100,2121]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[447,683,2100,2121]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Chapin’s Free-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[696,969,2100,2121]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Chapin’'s Wrinkle-lipped Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[982,1214,2100,2121]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Crested Free-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Crested Wrinklelipped Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[305,603,2140,2161]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Long-crested Gland-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[617,938,2140,2161]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Long-crested Wrinkle-lipped Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[951,1143,2140,2161]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Pale Free-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[803,959,2206,2239]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="A. Allen, 1917" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Lophomops">Chaerephon (Lophomops) chaprl ni]. A. Allen, 1917</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3780789317" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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“Faradje, northeastern Belg
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<collectingCountry box="[920,1013,2285,2318]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Congo</collectingCountry>
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[=
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<collectingCountry box="[1063,1217,2285,2318]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
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].”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="discussion">
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<paragraph lastBlockId="27.[190,1397,2640,3463]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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This species was previously divided into three subspecies (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1917" box="[1069,1168,2364,2397]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapini">chapini</taxonomicName>
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, shortridge, lancaster); indeed, race shortridge: has even been considered a separate species. However, pending further study, A. Monadjem and coauthors in 2010 and the African
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<taxonomicName authority="Report" authorityName="Report" box="[804,1069,2561,2594]" class="Chiroptera" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Chiroptera Report</taxonomicName>
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of 2017 are provisionally followed here in treating this complex as a single monotypic species; the £0is in need of revision. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567796" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6567796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6567796/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" targetBox="[187,780,2220,2635]" targetPageId="27">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[190,1397,2640,3463]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[190,367,2680,2713]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Very patchily distributed over much of sub-Saharan Africa in
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<collectingCountry box="[1233,1389,2680,2713]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[191,286,2719,2752]" name="Ghana" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Ghana</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[305,490,2719,2752]" name="South Sudan" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[508,629,2719,2752]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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, NE & S
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<collectingCountry box="[767,919,2719,2752]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[937,1050,2719,2752]" name="Uganda" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1069,1156,2719,2752]" name="Kenya" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[302,405,2763,2792]" name="Angola" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Angola</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[421,528,2763,2792]" name="Zambia" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[544,665,2763,2792]" name="Namibia" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Namibia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[681,815,2763,2792]" name="Botswana" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Botswana</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[893,1040,2763,2792]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[190,1397,2640,3463]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[190,442,2798,2831]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body ¢.50-60 mm, tail 27-44 mm, ear 12-19 mm, hindfoot 6-9 mm, forearm 34-40 mm; weight 5-11 g. Pelage of the Long-crested Free-tailed Bat is short and pale gray, pale rusty brown or medium grayish brown above with no grizzling or white spots; pure white or pale grayish brown below with mid-ventral markings white or absent, and white flank-stripe. Upper lip has 5-6 well-defined wrinkles on each side and many spoon-hairs. Ears are brown, joined by band of skin containing back-facing pocket for interaural crest; they are of medium length, almost reaching end of muzzle when folded forward. Tragus is minute, partly concealed by antitragus. Males have long bicolored interaural crest of 12-15 mm, basally rusty brown or gray and terminally white; in females crestis shorter, 3-5 mm, and white. Wings are white (or occasionally pale to grayish brown), becoming yellowish toward body, with many minute black specks; tail membrane is medium brown. There are no gular ortail glands. Anterior palatal emargination is variable, can be narrowly open or closed, and basisphenoid pits are moderately developed. M* has third ridge one-half to two-thirds the length of second ridge. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 48 and FNa = 64.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[190,1397,2640,3463]" lastBlockId="27.[1464,2672,277,981]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[191,302,3390,3423]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Habitat.</emphasis>
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All southern African records of Long-crested Free-tailed Bats are associated with cathedral mopane woodland. Elsewhere, they are also found in
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<taxonomicName box="[1199,1330,3430,3463]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Isoberlinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Isoberlinia</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[1355,1563,277,3463]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
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) woodland,
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<taxonomicName box="[1748,1834,277,306]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acacia</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[1858,1976,277,306]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
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)—
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<taxonomicName box="[2016,2184,277,306]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Commiphora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Commiphora</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[2208,2382,277,306]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Burseraceae</taxonomicName>
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) bushland, and miombo woodland.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1464,2672,277,981]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1465,1728,351,384]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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[.ong-crested Free-tailed Bats are open-air foragers. In the dry season in
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<collectingCountry box="[1560,1704,391,424]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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(April-October), diet comprised mostly
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<taxonomicName box="[2283,2440,391,424]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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with some
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1594,1702,438,463]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="646" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
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, and other insects.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1464,2672,277,981]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1465,1600,470,503]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Scattered data from southern Africa indicate seasonal polyestry with a postpartum estrus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1464,2672,277,981]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1464,1703,548,581]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Long-crested Free-tailed Bats are nocturnal and often netted near rivers. They produce narrowband, low-frequency (peak frequency 20 kHz), and longduration (5h—10 milliseconds) echolocation calls.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1464,2672,277,981]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1466,2169,666,699]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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[.ong-crested Free-tailed Bats roost communally in small to medium-sized groups.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1464,2672,277,981]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1466,1817,749,778]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as LLeast Concern on The IUCN Red List, due to its wide distribution and expected large population, and because it occurs in a number of protected areas. Although it can be common in north-western
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<collectingCountry box="[2375,2514,824,857]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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,it is rarely collected.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="646" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1464,2672,277,981]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1467,1620,911,936]" pageId="27" pageNumber="646">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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ACR (2017), Fenton & Eger (2002), Happold & Cotterill (2013), Monadjem, Cotterill, Hutson et al. (2017c), Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |