188 lines
16 KiB
XML
188 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6418279" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc3766a8-d834-42d8-9b39-0612d00293ca" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6418279" checkinTime="1600873888554" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="194287C9FFA3BA30B1A1FA65B77CF84C" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Chaerephon solomonis Troughton 1931" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="651" masterDocId="E57BFFB1FFBCBA10B412F760B226FFCE" masterDocTitle="Molossidae" masterLastPageNumber="672" masterPageNumber="598" pageNumber="650" updateTime="1661886293392" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Molossidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>598</mods:start>
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<mods:end>672</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6418279</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">bc3766a8-d834-42d8-9b39-0612d00293ca</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6418279</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6558494" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195583618" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6558494" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:194287C9FFA3BA30B1A1FA65B77CF84C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/194287C9FFA3BA30B1A1FA65B77CF84C" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="651" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<heading pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<subSubSection box="[1459,1515,3333,3379]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1455,2531,3333,3459]" box="[1459,1515,3333,3379]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<figureCitation box="[1459,1515,3333,3379]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="26.[127,157,3282,3307]" captionTargetBox="[13,2783,15,3656]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="On following pages: 61. Spotted Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon bivittatus); 62. Long-crested Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon chapini); 63. Gallagher's Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon gallagheri); 64. Grandidier's Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon leucogasten); 65. Lappet-eared Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon majon; 66. Nigerian Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon nigeriae); 67. Sao Tome Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon tomensis); 68. Little Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon pumilus);, 69. Russet Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon russatus); 70. Seychelles Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon pusillus); 71. Madagascar Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon atsinanana); 72. Black-and-red Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon jobimena); 73. Lesser Northern Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon johorensis); 74. Wrinkle-lipped Free-Tailed Bat (Chaerephon plicatus); 75. Fijian Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon bregullae); 76. Solomons Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon solomonis); 77. Greater Northern Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon jobensis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6567852/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">76.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1532,2055,3333,3379]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1455,2531,3333,3459]" box="[1532,2055,3333,3379]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<vernacularName box="[1532,2055,3333,3379]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Solomons Free-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2110,2519,3333,3379]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1455,2531,3333,3459]" box="[2110,2519,3333,3379]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1931" box="[2110,2519,3333,3379]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="650" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="solomonis">
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<emphasis box="[2110,2519,3333,3379]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Chaerephon solomonis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="650" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1455,2531,3333,3459]" box="[1457,2530,3397,3418]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1457,1533,3397,3418]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1538,1758,3397,3418]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Tadaride des Salomon</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1780,1870,3397,3418]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1879,2187,3397,3418]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Salomonen-Bulldogfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/ Spanish: Caerepon de Salomon
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1455,2531,3333,3459]" box="[1456,1930,3436,3457]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1456,1703,3436,3457]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1713,1930,3436,3457]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Solomons Mastiff Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="651" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="32.[777,1370,271,698]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[777,932,271,304]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Troughton, 1931" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1931" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="651" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="solomonis">Chaerephon solomonis Troughton, 1931</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="651" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="32.[777,1370,271,698]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3780789335" box="[1054,1367,318,343]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">“cave at Mufu Point,</materialsCitation>
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six miles [=
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<quantity box="[962,1051,350,383]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="651" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
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] west of Tuarugu Village, south-west coast of Ysabel [=
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<collectingRegion box="[1289,1368,393,422]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Isabel" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">Isabel</collectingRegion>
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Island],”
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<collectingCountry box="[908,1143,437,462]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="651" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="32.[777,1370,271,698]" lastBlockId="32.[165,1372,709,1922]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1931" box="[781,1057,468,501]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="651" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="solomonis">Chaerephon solomonis</taxonomicName>
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was previously treated as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1902" box="[1027,1156,507,540]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="651" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jobensis">C. jobensis</taxonomicName>
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of New
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<collectingCountry box="[1268,1370,507,540]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[842,969,555,580]" name="Australia" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, but was elevated to species level by T. F. Flannery in 1995 and F.J. Bo-naccorso in 1998; this action was confirmed by genetic analysis by S. Ingleby and D. Colgan in 2003. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[165,918,748,777]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6772301" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6772301" box="[165,918,748,777]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6772301/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="651" startId="32.[165,337,748,777]" targetBox="[163,755,277,698]" targetPageId="32">
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<paragraph blockId="32.[165,1372,709,1922]" box="[165,918,748,777]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[165,341,748,777]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Solomon Is (
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<collectingRegion box="[534,658,748,777]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Choiseul" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">Choiseul</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion box="[731,905,748,777]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Santa Isabel" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">Santa Isabel</collectingRegion>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="651" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="32.[165,1372,709,1922]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,417,791,816]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 55:6-63 mm, tail 30-35 mm, ear 16-4-18-6 mm, forearm 40-8-43-3 mm; weight 11-5-13 g. The Solomons Free-tailed Bat is one of the smallest members of the genus; it is similar in appearance to the Greater Northern Free-tailed Bat (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1902" box="[395,538,906,935]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="651" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jobensis">C. jobensis</taxonomicName>
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), but is smaller in most aspects. Furis rich, auburn-brown, with white hairs infrequently interspersed. Tragusis lobed and broad attip.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="651" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="32.[165,1372,709,1922]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,277,980,1013]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">Habitat.</emphasis>
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The Solomons Free-tailed Bat has been captured in sea-cliff caves surrounded by the sea and dense forest at c.
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<quantity box="[608,697,1020,1053]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="32" pageNumber="651" unit="m" value="180.0">180 m</quantity>
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above sea level.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[166,666,1060,1093]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="32.[165,1372,709,1922]" box="[166,666,1060,1093]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,428,1060,1093]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="651" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="32.[165,1372,709,1922]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,299,1099,1132]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Six specimens collected from
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<collectingRegion box="[721,842,1099,1132]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Choiseul" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">Choiseul</collectingRegion>
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Island in early March were post-lactating females, suggesting they may have raised young during the rainy season (December— April), similar to breeding behavior observed in the Fijian Free-tailed Bat (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Felten" authorityYear="1964" box="[1197,1352,1178,1211]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="651" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bregullae">C. bregullae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="651" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="32.[165,1372,709,1922]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[165,401,1217,1250]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Echolocation call is unknown, but is thought to have a loud low frequency call (c.20 kHz) similar to that of the closely related Fijian Free-tailed Bat.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="651" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="32.[165,1372,709,1922]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,870,1296,1329]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The original collection in a cave at Mufu Point (
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<collectingRegion box="[347,515,1335,1368]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Santa Isabel" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">Santa Isabel</collectingRegion>
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Island) suggests that the species roosts in very large colonies, and a “sackfull” (more than 200 individuals) was gathered by the collector, who attempted to photograph the swarm described as being “a mile in length and 50 yards broad.” Like the Fijian Free-tailed Bat, the Solomons Free-tailed Bat probably forms large maternity colonies atjust a few caves.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="651" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="32.[165,1372,709,1922]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[167,523,1532,1565]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List, despite its range being less than
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<quantity box="[516,661,1572,1605]" metricMagnitude="7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="651" unit="km" value="20000.0">20,000 km</quantity>
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?; this was because it was assumed to occur in large numbers and that additional surveys would find more locations. These ideas may require revision, given widespread logging over much of the
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<collectingCountry box="[994,1227,1652,1685]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
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including Santa
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<collectingRegion box="[254,334,1691,1724]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Isabel" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">Isabel</collectingRegion>
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Island, and the failure of surveys to locate the species elsewhere. Acoustic surveys by T. E. Davies and colleagues in 2016, and M. Pennay and T. H. Lavery in 2017, on other Solomon Island groups did not locate the species although inconclusive calls similar to those of other molossids were recorded at Ndoma,
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<collectingRegion box="[1029,1204,1817,1842]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Guadalcanal" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">Guadalcanal</collectingRegion>
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Island.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="651" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="32.[165,1372,709,1922]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,321,1857,1882]" pageId="32" pageNumber="651">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Adams et al. (1988), Bonaccorso (1998), Davies et al. (2016), Felten (1964a), Flannery (1995a), Hamilton (2014), Ingleby & Colgan (2003), Jackson & Groves (2015), Pennay & Lavery (2017), Troughton (1931).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |