201 lines
16 KiB
XML
201 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6418279" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc3766a8-d834-42d8-9b39-0612d00293ca" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6418279" checkinTime="1600873888554" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="194287C9FFA3BA0FB1A5F213BBB4F373" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Chaerephon bregullae Felten 1964" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="650" masterDocId="E57BFFB1FFBCBA10B412F760B226FFCE" masterDocTitle="Molossidae" masterLastPageNumber="672" masterPageNumber="598" pageNumber="650" updateTime="1661886293392" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Molossidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>598</mods:start>
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<mods:end>672</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6418279</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">bc3766a8-d834-42d8-9b39-0612d00293ca</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6418279</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6558492" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195583604" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6558492" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:194287C9FFA3BA0FB1A5F213BBB4F373" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/194287C9FFA3BA0FB1A5F213BBB4F373" lastPageNumber="650" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<heading pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<subSubSection box="[1463,1520,1395,1445]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1460,2478,1395,1528]" box="[1463,1520,1395,1445]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<figureCitation box="[1463,1520,1395,1445]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="26.[127,157,3282,3307]" captionTargetBox="[13,2783,15,3656]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="On following pages: 61. Spotted Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon bivittatus); 62. Long-crested Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon chapini); 63. Gallagher's Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon gallagheri); 64. Grandidier's Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon leucogasten); 65. Lappet-eared Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon majon; 66. Nigerian Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon nigeriae); 67. Sao Tome Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon tomensis); 68. Little Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon pumilus);, 69. Russet Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon russatus); 70. Seychelles Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon pusillus); 71. Madagascar Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon atsinanana); 72. Black-and-red Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon jobimena); 73. Lesser Northern Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon johorensis); 74. Wrinkle-lipped Free-Tailed Bat (Chaerephon plicatus); 75. Fijian Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon bregullae); 76. Solomons Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon solomonis); 77. Greater Northern Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon jobensis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6567852/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">75.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1536,1969,1395,1445]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1460,2478,1395,1528]" box="[1536,1969,1395,1445]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<vernacularName box="[1536,1969,1395,1445]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Fijian Free-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2023,2419,1395,1445]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1460,2478,1395,1528]" box="[2023,2419,1395,1445]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Felten" authorityYear="1964" box="[2023,2419,1395,1445]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="650" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bregullae">
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<emphasis box="[2023,2419,1395,1445]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Chaerephon bregullae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="650" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1460,2478,1395,1528]" box="[1462,2477,1464,1485]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1462,1537,1464,1485]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1542,1755,1464,1485]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Tadaride du Pacifique</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1776,1867,1464,1485]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1876,2139,1464,1485]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Fidschi-Bulldogfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/ Spanish: Caerepon del Pacifico
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1460,2478,1395,1528]" box="[1461,2236,1503,1524]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1461,1708,1503,1524]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1718,1897,1503,1524]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<collectingCountry box="[1718,1742,1503,1524]" name="Fiji" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Fiji</collectingCountry>
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Free-tailed Bat
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</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[1911,2079,1503,1524]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Fijian Mastiff Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[2093,2236,1503,1524]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<collectingCountry box="[2093,2117,1503,1524]" name="Fiji" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Fiji</collectingCountry>
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Mastiff Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="650" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[2072,2667,1569,1999]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2073,2228,1569,1602]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Felten, 1964" authorityName="Felten" authorityYear="1964" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tadarida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="650" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="jobensis" subSpecies="bregullae">Tadarida jobensis bregullae Felten, 1964</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="650" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[2072,2667,1569,1999]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3780789396" location="Neue Hebri-den" pageId="31" pageNumber="650" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Malo">
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“
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<collectingRegion box="[2275,2347,1614,1643]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Malo</collectingRegion>
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[Island],
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:194287C9FFA3BA0FB1A5F213BBB4F373:94346004FFA3BA0FBDA8F12EBA68F95C" name="Neue Hebri-den" pageId="31" pageNumber="650" stateProvince="Malo">Neue Hebri-den</location>
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[= New Hebrides].”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="650" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[2072,2667,1569,1999]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Felten" authorityYear="1964" box="[2076,2346,1689,1722]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="650" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bregullae">Chaerephon bregullae</taxonomicName>
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was initially treated as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1902" box="[2303,2438,1728,1761]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="650" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jobensis">C.jobensis</taxonomicName>
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of New
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<collectingCountry box="[2563,2665,1728,1761]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[2132,2259,1776,1801]" name="Australia" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, but it was elevated to species level by T. F. Flannery in 1995 and F. J. Bonaccorso in 1998; this action was strongly supported by genetic analysis by S. Ingleby and D. Colgan in 2003. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="650" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6772299" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6772299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6772299/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="650" startId="31.[1458,1576,2008,2037]" targetBox="[1458,2050,1576,1999]" targetPageId="31">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[2072,2667,1569,1999]" lastBlockId="31.[1456,2666,2008,3261]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2072,2248,1966,1999]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Known only from a few Is in
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<collectingCountry box="[1458,1576,2008,2037]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
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(Espiritu Santo and Malo) and
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<collectingCountry box="[2027,2070,2008,2037]" name="Fiji" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Fiji</collectingCountry>
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(Vanua Levu and Taveuni).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="650" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1456,2666,2008,3261]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1459,1713,2044,2077]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 65:5-67-5 mm, tail 42-45 mm, ear 16-20 mm, forearm 51-54 mm; weight 16-22 g. The Fijian Free-tailed Bat is similar in appearance to the Solomons Free-tailed Bat (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1931" box="[1893,2056,2126,2155]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="650" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="solomonis">C. solomonis</taxonomicName>
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) and the Greater Northern Free-tailed Bat (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1902" box="[1473,1608,2161,2194]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="650" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jobensis">C. jobensis</taxonomicName>
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) but lacks papillae on ear margins.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="650" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1456,2666,2008,3261]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1459,1571,2201,2234]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Habitat.</emphasis>
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The Fijian Free-tailed Bat has been recorded foraging over beaches, coconut groves and village gardens, the ocean, tropical rainforest, and cloud forest, at elevations from sea level up to
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<quantity box="[1822,1910,2279,2312]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="650" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1459,1960,2319,2352]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1456,2666,2008,3261]" box="[1459,1960,2319,2352]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1459,1721,2319,2352]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="650" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1456,2666,2008,3261]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1459,1593,2359,2392]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Fijian Free-tailed Bats congregate in a few caves to form very large maternity colonies. It is believed most females in
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<collectingCountry box="[2037,2079,2398,2431]" name="Fiji" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Fiji</collectingCountry>
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congregate at Nakanacagi Cave (Vanua Levu) to give birth. Large colonies are also reported from Nanumbu Cave (Espiritu Santo), and Tan Lensigo and Abounatori caves (Malo) in
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<collectingCountry box="[2317,2437,2481,2510]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
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. The timing of births appears synchronized across the species’ range, with young being born in December, and females lactating throughout the rainy season (December—April); young are presumably weaned around the end of April.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="650" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1456,2666,2008,3261]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1456,1690,2635,2668]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Fijian Free-tailed Bat has mostly been captured roosting in caves. It has a loud and distinctive echolocation call between 35 kHz and 20 kHz.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="650" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1456,2666,2008,3261]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1458,2161,2714,2747]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Both males and females have been captured at roost caves. Cave colonies have been described as being very large and containing “thousands” of bats. In 2014, A. T. Scanlon and colleagues estimated the total number of bats in Nakanacagi Cave at 2000 individuals.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="650" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1456,2666,2008,3261]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1458,1807,2872,2905]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List, because the number of individuals is low and decreasing, the range is also decreasing, and the number of breeding locations is very low. Key threats appear to be habitat loss due to increasing human population, and hunting and direct exploitation. In 2014, Scanlon and colleagues noted the presence of nets and poles for harvesting bats at the only known maternity site in
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<collectingCountry box="[1688,1733,3069,3102]" name="Fiji" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Fiji</collectingCountry>
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. Cave deposits show it was once more widely distributed in
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<collectingCountry box="[2549,2590,3069,3102]" name="Fiji" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Fiji</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingCountry box="[2611,2660,3069,3102]" name="Fiji" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Viti</collectingCountry>
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Levu) and
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<collectingCountry box="[1616,1704,3112,3141]" name="Tonga" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Tonga</collectingCountry>
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(‘
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<collectingRegion box="[1734,1792,3112,3141]" country="Tonga" name="'Eua" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Eua</collectingRegion>
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) but has become extinct since human arrival. Surveys in
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<collectingCountry box="[2619,2660,3112,3141]" name="Fiji" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Fiji</collectingCountry>
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suggest its range is quite limited, and it is absent from many apparently suitable areas.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="650" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1456,2666,2008,3261]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1458,1610,3196,3221]" pageId="31" pageNumber="650">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Bonaccorso (1998), Felten (1964a), Flannery (1995a), Ingleby & Colgan (2003), Koopman & Steadman (1995), Palmeirim et al. (2007), Scanlon et al. (2014), Worthy & Anderson (2009).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |