214 lines
17 KiB
XML
214 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6418279" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc3766a8-d834-42d8-9b39-0612d00293ca" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6418279" checkinTime="1600873888554" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="194287C9FF9BBA37B4A3FD25B52AF6C1" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Otomops martiensseni Matschie 1897" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="658" masterDocId="E57BFFB1FFBCBA10B412F760B226FFCE" masterDocTitle="Molossidae" masterLastPageNumber="672" masterPageNumber="598" pageNumber="658" updateTime="1661886293392" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Molossidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>598</mods:start>
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<mods:end>672</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6418279</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">bc3766a8-d834-42d8-9b39-0612d00293ca</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6418279</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6564852" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195583594" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6564852" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:194287C9FF9BBA37B4A3FD25B52AF6C1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/194287C9FF9BBA37B4A3FD25B52AF6C1" lastPageNumber="658" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">
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<heading pageId="39" pageNumber="658">
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<subSubSection box="[177,235,2629,2675]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="39.[176,1382,2629,2798]" box="[177,235,2629,2675]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">
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<figureCitation box="[177,235,2629,2675]" captionStart="Plate 46: Molossidae" captionStartId="34.[169,199,3282,3307]" captionTargetBox="[12,2782,19,3659]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="14. Bonda Mastiff Bat (Molossus currentium), 15. Fenton’s Masuft Bat (Molossus fentoni), 17. Pallas’s Mastiff Bat (Molossus molossus), 18. Miller’s Mastiff Bat (Molossus pretiosus), 19. Black Mastiff Bat (Molossus rufus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6567958/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">95.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[252,869,2629,2675]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="39.[176,1382,2629,2798]" box="[252,869,2629,2675]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">
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<vernacularName box="[252,869,2629,2675]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Large-eared Giant Mastft Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[943,1329,2629,2675]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="39.[176,1382,2629,2798]" box="[943,1329,2629,2675]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1897" box="[943,1329,2629,2675]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Otomops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martiensseni">
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<emphasis box="[943,1329,2629,2675]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Otomops martiensseni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="658" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="39.[176,1382,2629,2798]" box="[177,1380,2694,2715]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[177,251,2694,2715]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[255,513,2694,2715]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Tadaride a grandes oreilles</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[533,621,2694,2715]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[630,993,2694,2715]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Grof3ohrige Riesenbulldogfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/ Spanish:
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<vernacularName box="[1110,1380,2694,2715]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Otomops de orejas grandes</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="39.[176,1382,2629,2798]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[177,424,2733,2754]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[434,604,2733,2754]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Giant Mastiff Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[619,889,2733,2754]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Large-eared Free-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[904,1195,2733,2754]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Martienssen'’s Free-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[1210,1375,2733,2754]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Martienssen Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[178,542,2773,2794]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Martienssen's Big-eared Bulldog Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="658" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="39.[789,1383,2843,3266]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[789,945,2843,2872]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Matschie, 1897" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Nyctinomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martiensseni">Nyctinomus martiensseni Matschie, 1897</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="658" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="39.[789,1383,2843,3266]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3780789355" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">
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“Plantago Magrotto unweit
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<collectingRegion box="[860,946,2918,2951]" country="Tanzania" name="Tanga" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Tanga</collectingRegion>
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[= Magrotto Plantation, near
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<collectingRegion box="[789,876,2965,2990]" country="Tanzania" name="Tanga" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Tanga</collectingRegion>
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, south-eastern Usambara Mountains, Tanzanial.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="658" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="39.[789,1383,2843,3266]" lastBlockId="39.[176,1382,3273,3464]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1897" box="[793,1077,3040,3069]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Otomops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martiensseni">Otomops martiensseni</taxonomicName>
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was previously considered to include O. harrisoni. In a 2018 molecular study by B. D. Patterson and colleagues, the species was shown to overlap in range and coexist with Harrison's Giant Mastiff Bat in
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<collectingCountry box="[1090,1202,3233,3266]" name="Uganda" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1222,1309,3233,3266]" name="Kenya" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[178,291,3273,3306]" name="Rwanda" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="658" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567894" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6567894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6567894/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="658" targetBox="[175,766,2852,3268]" targetPageId="39">
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<paragraph blockId="39.[176,1382,3273,3464]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[177,353,3312,3345]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Widely but patchily in W Africa (
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<collectingCountry box="[856,961,3312,3345]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[982,1144,3312,3345]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[1232,1331,3312,3345]" name="Ghana" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Ghana</collectingCountry>
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), C Africa (
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<collectingCountry box="[286,648,3360,3385]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[667,820,3360,3385]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
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, W
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<collectingCountry box="[881,992,3360,3385]" name="Uganda" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1012,1125,3360,3385]" name="Rwanda" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[1210,1333,3360,3385]" name="Burundi" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Burundi</collectingCountry>
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), E Africa (
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<collectingCountry box="[284,372,3395,3424]" name="Kenya" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[446,578,3395,3424]" name="Tanzania" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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), and S Africa (
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<collectingCountry box="[803,906,3395,3424]" name="Angola" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Angola</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[924,1030,3395,3424]" name="Zambia" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1049,1148,3395,3424]" name="Malawi" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1166,1312,3395,3424]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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, and E
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<collectingCountry box="[207,389,3435,3464]" name="South Africa" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="658" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="39.[1450,2660,277,2324]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1452,1719,277,306]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 87-103 mm, tail 39-52 mm, ear 29-42 mm, hindfoot 9-14 mm, forearm 60-68 mm; weight 25-38 g. Fur is similar to other giant mastiff bats, soft, dense, and dark brown with dark rusty-brown tinge, or blackish brown, darker on head and body, with pale brown or white band across shoulders, and a thin band of pale brown separating dark dorsal pelage from dark wing membrane on each side; belly is dark brown, throat paler. Face is pink with pig-like snout. Upper lip is expansible with many fine wrinkles and no spoon-hairs. Ears are rounded, fairly stiff, projecting forward well beyond snout; inner margins are joined together and to muzzle. Tragus is minute, antitragus absent, but a semicircular flap extends forward from base of ear and can be folded down to seal ear opening. There is no interaural crest. Gular sac is present in both sexes, well developed in adults. Wings and interfemoral membrane are blackish brown. Anterior of braincase is moderately elevated above plane of rostrum; zygomatic arches have prominent vertical projections; sagittal crest is moderate; lambdoid crest is low or absent; there is no helmet; anterior palatal emargination is very narrow and deep; basisphenoid pits are very deep and wide. Dentition is weak; P* is small but rising well above cingulum of P*; M® has third ridge equal to, or slightly shorter than, second; lower incisors are bicuspid; C, has cingula weakly developed and well separated. Chromosomal complement in
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<collectingCountry box="[1453,1543,1022,1055]" name="Kenya" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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—which could be either present species or Harrison’s Giant Mastiff Bat (O. harrisoni)—has 2n = 48 and FNa = 56 or 58.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="658" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="39.[1450,2660,277,2324]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1452,1564,1101,1134]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Habitat.</emphasis>
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In southern Africa, particularly in the greater Durban area on the east coast of
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<collectingRegion box="[1490,1696,1140,1173]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
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from Ballito in the north to Port Shepstone in the south, the Largeeared Giant Mastiff Batis closely associated with urban and suburban areas where it readily occupies the roofs of houses.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1453,1953,1259,1292]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="39.[1450,2660,277,2324]" box="[1453,1953,1259,1292]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1453,1714,1259,1292]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1453,1826,1298,1331]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="39.[1450,2660,277,2324]" box="[1453,1826,1298,1331]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1453,1587,1298,1331]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Breeding.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="658" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="39.[1450,2660,277,2324]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1451,1692,1338,1371]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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In
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<collectingRegion box="[1744,1957,1338,1371]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
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, Large-eared Giant Mastiff Bats have been found roosting under roofs of houses. A radio-tracking study by M. B. Fenton and colleagues in 2002, at Ballito, showed that individuals can use up to four different roosts within a two-week period, and they actively forage over extensive sugarcane plantations outside the town. Large-eared Giant Mastiff Bats produce QCF and CF calls with low peak frequency (c.11 kHz), narrow bandwidth (c.6 kHz), and long duration (c.24 milliseconds).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="658" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="39.[1450,2660,277,2324]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1453,2146,1614,1647]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Large-eared Giant Mastiff Bats roost communally in small to medium-sized colonies, although roosts with just one or two bats have been found. 24 colonies in roofs surveyed in the greater Durban area averaged a colony size of eleven individuals. Colonies typically comprise one dominant male with well-developed gular gland, and one or more adult females and their young, suggesting a harem structure. In five colonies surveyed by Fenton and colleagues in 2002, colony size varied from seven to 29 and all colonies comprised one male and 2-11 adult females. Based on radio-tracking conducted during the same study, bats regularly forage for distances of over
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<quantity box="[1976,2044,1930,1963]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="658" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
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from their day roosts, and occasionally bats were noted using temporary night-time roosts, which were up to
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<quantity box="[2371,2454,1969,2002]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="658" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
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or more from the day roosts.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="658" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="39.[1450,2660,277,2324]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1453,1810,2048,2081]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The main threat seems to be disturbance of roostsites. Bats roosting in the attics of buildings in the Durban area were found to have suffered indirect poisoning due to toxic treatments of the timber in the roosts.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="658" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="39.[1450,2660,277,2324]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1454,1607,2215,2240]" pageId="39" pageNumber="658">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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ACR (2017), Fenton, Jacobs et al. (2004), Fenton, Taylor et al. (2002), Long (1995), Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010), Patterson et al. (2018), Ralph et al. (2015), Richards et al. (2017), Taylor (1998), Taylor et al. (1999), Yalden & Happold (2013).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |