190 lines
15 KiB
XML
190 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6418279" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc3766a8-d834-42d8-9b39-0612d00293ca" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6418279" checkinTime="1600873888554" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="194287C9FF92BA3FB183F18CB2D2FE30" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Tadarida lobata" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="666" masterDocId="E57BFFB1FFBCBA10B412F760B226FFCE" masterDocTitle="Molossidae" masterLastPageNumber="672" masterPageNumber="598" pageNumber="665" updateTime="1661886293392" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Molossidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>598</mods:start>
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<mods:end>672</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6418279</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">bc3766a8-d834-42d8-9b39-0612d00293ca</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6418279</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6577278" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195583680" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6577278" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:194287C9FF92BA3FB183F18CB2D2FE30" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/194287C9FF92BA3FB183F18CB2D2FE30" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="666" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<heading pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<subSubSection box="[1425,1505,1772,1818]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1420,2624,1772,1936]" box="[1425,1505,1772,1818]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<figureCitation box="[1425,1505,1772,1818]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="44.[151,181,3247,3272]" captionTargetBox="[16,2784,13,3655]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="On following pages: 105. Roberts's Flat-headed Bat (Sauromys petrophilus); 106. Brazilian Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida brasiliensis); 107. European Free-tailed Bat (7adarida teniotis); 108. Egyptian Free-tailed Bat (7adarida aegyptiaca); 109. Kenyan Big-eared Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida lobata); 110. African Giant Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida ventralis); 111. Malagasy Free-tailed Bat (7adarida fulminans); 112. East Asian Free-tailed Bat (7adarida insignis); 113. La Touche's Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida latouchei); 114. New Guinea Free-tailed Bat (Austronomus kuboriensis); 115. White-striped Free-tailed Bat (Austronomus australis); 116. East Coast Free-tailed Bat (Micronomus norfolkensis); 117. Beccari's Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops beccaril); 118. Northern Coastal Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops cobourgianus); 119. Cape York Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops hall); 120. South-western Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops kitchener); 121. Loria’s Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops loriae); 122. Lumsden'’s Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops lumsdenae); 123. Inland Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops petersi); 124. Southern Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops planiceps); 125. Ride's Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops ride); 126. Hairy-nosed Free-tailed Bat (Setirostris eleryi)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6567964/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">109.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1521,2206,1772,1818]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1420,2624,1772,1936]" box="[1521,2206,1772,1818]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<vernacularName box="[1521,2206,1772,1818]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Kenyan Big-eared Free-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2262,2560,1772,1818]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1420,2624,1772,1936]" box="[2262,2560,1772,1818]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[2262,2560,1772,1818]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tadarida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="665" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lobata">
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<emphasis box="[2262,2560,1772,1818]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Tadarida lobata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1420,2624,1772,1936]" box="[1422,2455,1836,1857]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1422,1497,1836,1857]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1502,1684,1836,1857]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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Tadaride du
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<collectingCountry box="[1627,1684,1836,1857]" name="Kenya" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1705,1796,1836,1857]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1806,2054,1836,1857]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Kenia-Bulldogfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/ Spanish: Murciélago rabudo de
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<collectingCountry box="[2403,2455,1836,1857]" name="Kenya" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Kenia</collectingCountry>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1420,2624,1772,1936]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1421,1668,1875,1896]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1678,1925,1875,1896]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Big-eared Free-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[1940,2147,1875,1896]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Big-eared Guano Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[2161,2448,1875,1896]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Big-eared Kenyan Guano Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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Big-eared
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<collectingCountry box="[2566,2623,1875,1896]" name="Kenya" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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Free-tailed Bat
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</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[1581,1872,1915,1936]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Eastern Africa Free-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[2033,2627,1985,2409]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2033,2188,1985,2014]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1891" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1891" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Nyctinomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="665" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lobatus">Nyctinomus lobatus Thomas, 1891</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[2033,2627,1985,2409]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3780789365" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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“Turquel, Sik,
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<collectingCountry box="[2357,2626,2029,2054]" name="Kenya" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">British East Africa</collectingCountry>
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[= Turkwell Gorge,
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<collectingRegion box="[2334,2619,2068,2093]" country="Kenya" name="West Pokot" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">West Pokot County</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2034,2128,2096,2134]" name="Kenya" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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].”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2034,2396,2139,2172]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[2033,2627,1985,2409]" box="[2034,2396,2139,2172]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567926" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6567926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6567926/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="665" targetBox="[1419,2010,1992,2407]" targetPageId="46">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[2033,2627,1985,2409]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2034,2210,2178,2211]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Two isolated populations, in W & S
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<collectingCountry box="[2130,2215,2218,2251]" name="Kenya" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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and N
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<collectingCountry box="[2321,2468,2218,2251]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[2033,2627,1985,2409]" lastBlockId="46.[1420,2629,2415,3475]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2034,2312,2257,2290]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body ¢.78-86 mm, tail 46-60 mm, ear 25-32 mm, hindfoot 12-14 mm, forearm 55-62 mm; weight 20-33 g. The Kenyan Big-eared Free-tailed Bat is larger than most other African free-tailed bats. Its large ears distinguish it from other similar-sized bats such as the African Giant Free-tailed Bat (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heuglin" authorityYear="1862" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tadarida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="665" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventralis">7adarida ventralis</taxonomicName>
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) and the Malagasy Free-tailed Bat (
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[2120,2291,2494,2527]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tadarida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="665" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulminans">7. fulminans</taxonomicName>
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), which has smaller ears (less than
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<quantity box="[1574,1674,2534,2567]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="46" pageNumber="665" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
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long). Unwrinkled upper lip distinguishes it from all other large molossids apart from the African Giant Free-tailed Bat and the Malagasy Free-tailed Bat. Pelage is short, velvety, dark brown above and brown below, with white to offwhite mid-ventral stripe and white flank-stripe. Adults have a conspicuous white spot between shoulder blades that also distinguishes this species from other large African free-tailed bats. Upperlip lacks well-defined wrinkles and has comparatively few spoonhairs. Ears are semi-translucent pale grayish brown and relatively large, and extend well beyond snout when laid forward. Tragus is large, roughly rectangular, not concealed by antitragus, which is moderate-sized, roughly twice as large as tragus. There is no interaural crest. Gular gland is present in both sexes. Wing and interfemoral membranes are semi-translucent, grayish dorsally, and whitish ventrally. Ventral sides of forearms and legs are naked and white. Thumb and plantar (sole) pads are present. Skull is not extremely flattened. Anterior palatal emargination is wide, and basisphenoid pits are shallow to moderately developed. Dental formulaisI'1/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3(x2) = 30.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1420,2629,2415,3475]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1421,1532,3126,3159]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Associated with semiarid woodlands in proximity of steep-sided granitic inselbergs or sandstone gorges and cliffs, where the species roosts during the day.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1421,1922,3204,3237]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1420,2629,2415,3475]" box="[1421,1922,3204,3237]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1421,1683,3204,3237]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1420,2629,2415,3475]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1421,1556,3252,3277]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Breeding.</emphasis>
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In
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<collectingCountry box="[1616,1762,3252,3277]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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, based on the collection of lactating females in November, Kenyan Big-eared Free-tailed Bats may give birth in late October or early November.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1420,2629,2415,3475]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1420,1658,3323,3356]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Kenyan Big-eared Free-tailed Bats are nocturnal. Echolocation call has not been recorded, although the species was reported to emit loud double-beat audible squeaks, similar to those reported for the Large-eared Giant Mastiff Bat (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Otomops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="665" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martiensseni">Otomops martiensseni</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="666" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[172,1379,280,512]" pageId="47" pageNumber="666">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[173,885,280,313]" pageId="47" pageNumber="666">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Kenyan Big-eared Free-tailed Bats roost communally, in small colonies of 30 or more individuals.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="666" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[172,1379,280,512]" pageId="47" pageNumber="666">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[174,525,359,392]" pageId="47" pageNumber="666">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Kenyan Big-eared Free-tailed Bat is a very rare bat that is seldom caught.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="666" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[172,1379,280,512]" pageId="47" pageNumber="666">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[174,327,445,470]" pageId="47" pageNumber="666">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Cotterill (1996b, 2001b,
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<quantity box="[613,687,445,470]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.013" pageId="47" pageNumber="666" unit="m" value="2013.0">2013m</quantity>
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), Monadjem & Cotterill (2017c), Peterson (1974), Taylor et al. 2015).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |