195 lines
16 KiB
XML
195 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6418279" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc3766a8-d834-42d8-9b39-0612d00293ca" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6418279" checkinTime="1600873888554" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="194287C9FF92BA3EB486FDFBBAF7F96C" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Tadarida aegyptiaca" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="665" masterDocId="E57BFFB1FFBCBA10B412F760B226FFCE" masterDocTitle="Molossidae" masterLastPageNumber="672" masterPageNumber="598" pageNumber="665" updateTime="1661886293392" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Molossidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>598</mods:start>
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<mods:end>672</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6418279</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">bc3766a8-d834-42d8-9b39-0612d00293ca</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6418279</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6418869" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195583681" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6418869" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:194287C9FF92BA3EB486FDFBBAF7F96C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/194287C9FF92BA3EB486FDFBBAF7F96C" lastPageNumber="665" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<heading pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<subSubSection box="[148,228,2715,2765]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[143,1242,2715,2846]" box="[148,228,2715,2765]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<figureCitation box="[148,228,2715,2765]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="44.[151,181,3247,3272]" captionTargetBox="[16,2784,13,3655]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="On following pages: 105. Roberts's Flat-headed Bat (Sauromys petrophilus); 106. Brazilian Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida brasiliensis); 107. European Free-tailed Bat (7adarida teniotis); 108. Egyptian Free-tailed Bat (7adarida aegyptiaca); 109. Kenyan Big-eared Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida lobata); 110. African Giant Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida ventralis); 111. Malagasy Free-tailed Bat (7adarida fulminans); 112. East Asian Free-tailed Bat (7adarida insignis); 113. La Touche's Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida latouchei); 114. New Guinea Free-tailed Bat (Austronomus kuboriensis); 115. White-striped Free-tailed Bat (Austronomus australis); 116. East Coast Free-tailed Bat (Micronomus norfolkensis); 117. Beccari's Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops beccaril); 118. Northern Coastal Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops cobourgianus); 119. Cape York Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops hall); 120. South-western Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops kitchener); 121. Loria’s Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops loriae); 122. Lumsden'’s Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops lumsdenae); 123. Inland Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops petersi); 124. Southern Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops planiceps); 125. Ride's Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops ride); 126. Hairy-nosed Free-tailed Bat (Setirostris eleryi)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6567964/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">108.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[245,745,2715,2765]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[143,1242,2715,2846]" box="[245,745,2715,2765]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<vernacularName box="[245,745,2715,2765]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Egyptian Free-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[819,1179,2715,2765]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[143,1242,2715,2846]" box="[819,1179,2715,2765]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[819,1179,2715,2765]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tadarida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="665" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aegyptiaca">
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<emphasis box="[819,1179,2715,2765]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Tadarida aegyptiaca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[143,1242,2715,2846]" box="[145,1242,2784,2805]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,221,2784,2805]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[226,404,2784,2805]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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Tadaride d’'
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<collectingCountry box="[335,404,2784,2805]" name="Egypt" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Egypte</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[426,516,2784,2805]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[524,830,2784,2805]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Agyptische Bulldogfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/ Spanish: Murciélago rabudo de
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<collectingCountry box="[1180,1242,2784,2805]" name="Egypt" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Egipto</collectingCountry>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="46.[143,1242,2715,2846]" box="[145,815,2823,2844]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,392,2823,2844]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[402,600,2823,2844]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Egyptian Guano Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[615,815,2823,2844]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Egyptian Nyctinome</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[757,1350,2894,3317]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[757,912,2894,2923]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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Nyctinomus aegyptiacus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[757,1350,2894,3317]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3780789313" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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“
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<collectingCountry box="[1122,1207,2938,2963]" name="Egypt" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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.” Restricted by K. F. Koopman in 1975 to “
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<collectingRegion box="[1223,1285,2969,3002]" country="Egypt" name="Al Jizah" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Giza</collectingRegion>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[757,1120,3008,3041]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[757,1350,2894,3317]" box="[757,1120,3008,3041]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567924" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6567924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6567924/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="665" targetBox="[142,733,2900,3315]" targetPageId="46">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[757,1350,2894,3317]" lastBlockId="46.[144,1350,3324,3476]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[757,933,3047,3080]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Very widespread throughout Africa from
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<collectingCountry box="[994,1121,3095,3120]" name="Morocco" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Morocco</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1138,1241,3095,3120]" name="Algeria" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Algeria</collectingCountry>
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, and N
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<collectingCountry box="[758,837,3130,3159]" name="Egypt" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion box="[863,942,3130,3159]" country="Egypt" name="Al Qahirah" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Cairo</collectingRegion>
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) to SW
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<collectingCountry box="[1070,1249,3130,3159]" name="South Africa" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion box="[1276,1348,3130,3159]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Cape</collectingRegion>
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Town), as well as SW
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<collectingCountry box="[1051,1232,3174,3199]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1244,1343,3174,3199]" name="Yemen" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Yemen</collectingCountry>
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, and E
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<collectingCountry box="[852,942,3213,3238]" name="Oman" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Oman</collectingCountry>
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, S
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<collectingCountry box="[988,1047,3213,3238]" name="Iran" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Iran</collectingCountry>
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, E
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<collectingCountry box="[1093,1265,3213,3238]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Pakistan" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[832,906,3253,3278]" name="India" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">India</collectingCountry>
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, and Sr1 Lanka; while it 1s more continuously distributed in S Africa, its distribution N of the Zambezi Riveris very patchy.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[144,1350,3324,3476]" lastBlockId="46.[1419,2628,284,1701]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[144,398,3363,3396]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 60-87 mm, tail 30-50 mm, ear 13-22 mm, hindfoot 7-12 mm, forearm 42-52 mm; weight 9-22 g. Dorsalfuris short, gray, grayish brown, reddish brown, blackish brown or black, often darker on head and flanks, without spots and sometimes with silvery sheen; ventral fur is similar to dorsal but slightly paler mid-ventrally and sometimes grizzled; band of longer flank hairs is same color as dorsal fur or slightly paler, but rarely white. Upper lip has several wrinkles, a few spoon-hairs, and many fine hairs. Ears are blackish brown, and of medium length (just reaching tip of snout when laid forward), with bases almost meeting on muzzle to form a V-shaped valley. Tragusis small but not concealed by antitragus, which is about twice the size of tragus and roughly semicircular. There is no interaural crest. Gular gland is present in both sexes. Wing and interfemoral membranes are brown and semi-translucent or blackish brown. Ventral sides of forearms and legs are naked and whitish. Hindclaws have fine hairs and many stout bristles. Braincase is not noticeably raised, giving skull a low profile; sagittal crest is absent or poorly developed; anterior palatal emargination is wide; and basisphenoid pits are moderately developed. Dental formulais11/2,C1/1,P 2/2, M 3/3(x2) = 30. Chromosomal complement in
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<collectingCountry name="South Africa" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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has 2n = 48 and FNa = 68.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1419,2628,284,1701]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1420,1532,836,869]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Egyptian Free-tailed Bats occur in a wide range of habitats from various savanna woodland types to grasslands and arid scrublands. In arid areas, their occurrence is closely tied to the presence of water bodies. Elevational rangeis from sea level to
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<quantity box="[1458,1563,955,988]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="46" pageNumber="665" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1419,2628,284,1701]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1421,1682,994,1027]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Egyptian Free-tailed Bats capture their prey in mid-air by hawking, and can also glean insects from the ground or a water surface. They feed on beetles (including water beetles), moths, orthopterans, wasps, winged termites, flies, caterpillars, and other large insects, and spiders.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1419,2628,284,1701]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1421,1555,1152,1185]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Breeding.</emphasis>
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In a study conducted at ¢.
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<geoCoordinate box="[1944,2020,1152,1185]" degrees="33" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="46" pageNumber="665" precision="55555" value="-33.0">33° S</geoCoordinate>
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in
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<collectingCountry box="[2073,2253,1152,1185]" name="South Africa" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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, Egyptian Free-tailed Bats showed seasonal monoestry, mating in August and giving birth to a single young in early summer (November-December) after a four-month gestation. Predators include bat hawks (Macheiramphus alcinus) and common barn-owls (7yto alba).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1419,2628,284,1701]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1419,1656,1310,1343]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Egyptian Free-tailed Bats are nocturnal, and roost in crevices in the roofs of houses and other man-made structures (e.g. expansion joints of bridges), as well as in natural roosts associated with spaces between boulders and crevices in cliffs, under bark, cracks in tree trunks, and hollow trees. They produce narrowband echolocation calls with low peak frequency (c.23 kHz) and long duration (c.10 milliseconds).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1419,2628,284,1701]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1421,2129,1507,1540]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Egyptian Free-tailed Bats are colonial, living in colonies of up to thousands ofindividuals.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1421,2473,1586,1619]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1419,2628,284,1701]" box="[1421,2473,1586,1619]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1421,1770,1586,1619]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="665" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[1419,2628,284,1701]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1422,1574,1634,1659]" pageId="46" pageNumber="665">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Bates & Harrison (1997), Bernard & Happold (2013d), Bernard & Tsita (1995), Koopman (1975), Monadjem, Jacobs, Cotterill, Hutson, Mickleburgh, Bergmans & Fahr (2017).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |