239 lines
22 KiB
XML
239 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6418279" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc3766a8-d834-42d8-9b39-0612d00293ca" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6418279" checkinTime="1600873888554" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="194287C9FF8DBA22B1A3F38CB193FC19" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Micronomus norfolkensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="669" masterDocId="E57BFFB1FFBCBA10B412F760B226FFCE" masterDocTitle="Molossidae" masterLastPageNumber="672" masterPageNumber="598" pageNumber="668" updateTime="1661886293392" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Molossidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>598</mods:start>
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<mods:end>672</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6418279</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">bc3766a8-d834-42d8-9b39-0612d00293ca</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6418279</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6577404" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195583671" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6577404" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:194287C9FF8DBA22B1A3F38CB193FC19" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/194287C9FF8DBA22B1A3F38CB193FC19" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="669" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">
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<heading pageId="49" pageNumber="668">
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<subSubSection box="[1457,1537,1260,1302]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[1453,2602,1255,1420]" box="[1457,1537,1260,1302]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">
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<figureCitation box="[1457,1537,1260,1302]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="44.[151,181,3247,3272]" captionTargetBox="[16,2784,13,3655]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="On following pages: 105. Roberts's Flat-headed Bat (Sauromys petrophilus); 106. Brazilian Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida brasiliensis); 107. European Free-tailed Bat (7adarida teniotis); 108. Egyptian Free-tailed Bat (7adarida aegyptiaca); 109. Kenyan Big-eared Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida lobata); 110. African Giant Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida ventralis); 111. Malagasy Free-tailed Bat (7adarida fulminans); 112. East Asian Free-tailed Bat (7adarida insignis); 113. La Touche's Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida latouchei); 114. New Guinea Free-tailed Bat (Austronomus kuboriensis); 115. White-striped Free-tailed Bat (Austronomus australis); 116. East Coast Free-tailed Bat (Micronomus norfolkensis); 117. Beccari's Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops beccaril); 118. Northern Coastal Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops cobourgianus); 119. Cape York Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops hall); 120. South-western Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops kitchener); 121. Loria’s Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops loriae); 122. Lumsden'’s Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops lumsdenae); 123. Inland Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops petersi); 124. Southern Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops planiceps); 125. Ride's Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops ride); 126. Hairy-nosed Free-tailed Bat (Setirostris eleryi)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6567964/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">117.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1553,2083,1260,1302]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[1453,2602,1255,1420]" box="[1553,2083,1260,1302]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">
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<vernacularName box="[1553,2083,1260,1302]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">
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East
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<collectingRegion box="[1653,1768,1260,1302]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Coast</collectingRegion>
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Free-tailed Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2133,2602,1255,1301]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[1453,2602,1255,1420]" box="[2133,2602,1255,1301]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[2133,2602,1255,1301]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Micronomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norfolkensis">
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<emphasis box="[2133,2602,1255,1301]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Micronomus norfolkensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="668" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[1453,2602,1255,1420]" box="[1454,2569,1319,1340]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1454,1530,1319,1340]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1535,1730,1319,1340]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Tadaride de Norfolk</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1750,1840,1319,1340]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1850,2148,1319,1340]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Ostkisten-Bulldogfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/ Spanish: Murciélago rabudo de Norfolk
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="49.[1453,2602,1255,1420]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1453,1705,1359,1380]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1716,1946,1359,1380]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">East Coast Mastiff Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[1960,2162,1359,1380]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Eastern Freetail Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[2176,2432,1359,1380]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Eastern Little Mastiff Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName pageId="49" pageNumber="668">
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<collectingCountry box="[2446,2584,1359,1380]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
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Mastiff Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="668" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[2066,2659,1465,1893]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2066,2221,1465,1498]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="J. E. Gray, 1839" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norfolkensis">Molossus norfolkensis J. E. Gray, 1839</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="668" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[2066,2659,1465,1893]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3780789310" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">
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type locality not given. Restricted by T. B. Reardon and colleagues in 2008 to “possibly
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<collectingCountry box="[2198,2404,1584,1617]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2419,2546,1584,1617]" name="Australia" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Australia</collectingCountry>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="668" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[2066,2659,1465,1893]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">
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There has been much confusion about the type locality of
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<collectingCountry box="[2333,2538,1662,1695]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
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as there 1s no evidence the species occurs or has ever occurred there; it is likely the specimen originated from mainland
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<collectingCountry box="[2525,2653,1781,1814]" name="Australia" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Australia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="49.[2066,2659,1465,1893]" lastBlockId="49.[1450,2659,1899,3471]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">
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For most of the past century, this species has generally been placed in the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1865" box="[1454,1622,1899,1932]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mormopterus</taxonomicName>
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, but revisions by T. B. Reardon and colleagues in 2008 and 2014 have established that it is morphologically and genetically distinct from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1865" box="[2347,2514,1939,1972]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mormopterus</taxonomicName>
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and other Australian molossid lineages (
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<taxonomicName box="[1877,1987,1978,2011]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Ozimops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ozimops</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Reardon, McKenzie & Adams" authorityYear="2014" box="[2062,2187,1978,2011]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Setirostris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Setirostris</taxonomicName>
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). Based on this, in 2014 Reardon and colleagues reinstated it as sole member of
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<taxonomicName box="[2110,2269,2018,2051]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Micronomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Micronomus</taxonomicName>
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, a subgenus of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1865" box="[2484,2652,2018,2051]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mormopterus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1454,1612,2057,2090]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Micronomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Micronomus</taxonomicName>
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was then re-elevated to genus level by S. M. Jackson and C. P. Groves in 2015. The genus
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<taxonomicName box="[1699,1857,2097,2130]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Micronomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Micronomus</taxonomicName>
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was first proposed by T. Iredale and E. Le G. Troughton in 1934 but as a nomen nudum (dubious name); it was subsequently validated by Troughton in 1944. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="668" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567942" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6567942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6567942/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" targetBox="[1451,2042,1477,1892]" targetPageId="49">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[1450,2659,1899,3471]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1453,1628,2215,2248]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Distribution.</emphasis>
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E side of Great Dividing Range along E coast ofAustralia, extending from Conondale Range in SE
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<collectingRegion box="[1800,1969,2255,2288]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Queensland</collectingRegion>
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S to Bega on South
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<collectingRegion box="[2260,2338,2255,2288]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Coast</collectingRegion>
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, SE
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<collectingRegion box="[2399,2644,2255,2288]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="668" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[1450,2659,1899,3471]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1453,1710,2294,2327]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity box="[1904,2058,2294,2327]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" unit="mm" value="52.5" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="50.0">50-55 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity box="[2136,2290,2294,2327]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" unit="mm" value="38.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="32.0">32-45 mm</quantity>
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, ear
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<quantity box="[2370,2522,2294,2327]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="13.0">13-16 mm</quantity>
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, forearm
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<quantity box="[1453,1604,2333,2366]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" unit="mm" value="38.0" valueMax="41.0" valueMin="35.0">35-41 mm</quantity>
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||
; weight
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||
<quantity box="[1726,1821,2333,2366]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" unit="g" value="9.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="6.0">6-12 g</quantity>
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||
. The East
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||
<collectingRegion box="[1974,2052,2333,2366]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Coast</collectingRegion>
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||
Free-tailed Bat can be distinguished from most other Australian free-tailed bats by its relatively small size, narrow tapered muzzle, and fleshy projections on genitalia of both males and females; these characteristics are shared with the Hairy-nosed Free-tailed Bat (
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reardon & McKenzie" authorityYear="2008" box="[2252,2457,2451,2484]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Setirostris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eleryi">Setirostris eleryi</taxonomicName>
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||
) but the East
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<collectingRegion box="[1453,1531,2491,2524]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Coast</collectingRegion>
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||
Free-tailed Bat is slightly larger and lacks bristles on muzzle; the two species do not overlap in range, being separated by the Great Dividing Range. Skull is domed rather than flat. M' and M? are very distinctive, without typical hypocone, and with scallop-shaped lobes extending from posterolingual margin of heel, with most anterior lobe in position typical of a hypocone. Dental formulais11/2, C1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3(x2) =30. This species exhibits fixed allelic differences from other Australian free-tailed bats at a minimum of 17 independent allozyme loci, and highly divergent mtDNA haplotypes, with divergence greater than 14%.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="668" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph blockId="49.[1450,2659,1899,3471]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1453,1563,2807,2840]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Associated with a range of habitats including eucalypt forests and woodlands, mangroves, wet sclerophyll forests, and rainforest.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="668" type="food_feeding">
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||
<paragraph blockId="49.[1450,2659,1899,3471]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1452,1711,2886,2919]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Diet consists mostly of moths and midges, but East
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<collectingRegion box="[2425,2502,2886,2919]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Coast</collectingRegion>
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Free-tailed Bats less frequently consume a large range of invertebrates including cockroaches, beetles, flies, true bugs, wasps, and ants. They show a preference to forage in open riparian areas associated with low-lying coastal floodplains, and wetlands.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1452,2421,3044,3077]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" type="breeding">
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||
<paragraph blockId="49.[1450,2659,1899,3471]" box="[1452,2421,3044,3077]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1452,1587,3044,3077]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Females give birth from late November to early December.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="668" type="activity">
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||
<paragraph blockId="49.[1450,2659,1899,3471]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1450,1688,3084,3117]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The East
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<collectingRegion box="[1838,1915,3084,3117]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Coast</collectingRegion>
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Free-tailed Bat is nocturnal, emerging ¢.35 minutes after sunset to forage above canopy height or in open areas or forest gaps with little vegetation. It roosts in tree hollows, often in dead branches and “spouts” with very small entrances (c.
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||
<quantity box="[1712,1813,3201,3234]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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diameter) in mangroves, large trees, paddock trees in farmland, and remnant vegetation in urban areas. It is also known to roost under metal caps on wooden power poles, in buildings and manufactured bat roostboxes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="669" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph blockId="49.[1450,2659,1899,3471]" lastBlockId="50.[143,1351,280,986]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="669" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1452,2167,3320,3353]" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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East
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<collectingRegion box="[2251,2328,3320,3353]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="49" pageNumber="668">Coast</collectingRegion>
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Free-tailed Bats generally roost individually or in small groups of up to eight individuals. Roosts are switched almost nightly (average of 1-3 nights/roost) and several roosts are often close to each other within a patch of less than
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||
<quantity box="[1932,2021,3438,3471]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="668" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
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, suggesting territorial roosting fidelity. They sometimes share roosts with other species, including the Eastern Broad-nosed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[155,375,319,352]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotorepens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orion">Scotorepens orion</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and Gould’s Wattled Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[769,1043,319,352]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gouldii">Chalinolobus gouldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Despite the proportionately long wingspan suggestive of fast, sustained flight, radio-tracked bats have generally flown relatively short distances between roost trees and foraging areas each night, up to a maximum of
|
||
<quantity box="[538,606,437,470]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="669" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||
but more typically c.
|
||
<quantity box="[904,1010,437,470]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="669" unit="km" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2-3 km</quantity>
|
||
. Lactating females have overlapping home ranges of 3500-4500 ha.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="669" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="50.[143,1351,280,986]" pageId="50" pageNumber="669">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,491,516,549]" pageId="50" pageNumber="669">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List (as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1865" box="[1183,1350,516,549]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mormopterus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1839" box="[147,295,556,589]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norfolkensis">norfolkensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
) because the number of mature individuals is estimated to be less than 10,000, and habitat loss is causing continuing declines of greater than 10% of the population over three generations. The distribution of the East Coast Free-tailed Bat coincides with the areas of densest human population in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[951,1077,674,707]" name="Australia" pageId="50" pageNumber="669">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, including the Sydney basin; the flat, fertile parts of the landscape favored by the bats are also preferred by humans for agriculture and housing. The species is likely to face ongoing habitat loss due to expanding urban development along the east coast between Brisbane and Sydney.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="669" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="50.[143,1351,280,986]" pageId="50" pageNumber="669">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,298,879,904]" pageId="50" pageNumber="669">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Adams etal. (1988), Hoye, Law & Allison (2008), Iredale & Troughton (1934), Jackson & Groves (2015), McConville (2013), McConville & Law (2013), McConville et al. (2013), Reardon, Adams et al. (2008), Reardon, McKenzie et al. (2014), Troughton (1944), Woinarski et al. (2014).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |