238 lines
20 KiB
XML
238 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6418279" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc3766a8-d834-42d8-9b39-0612d00293ca" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6418279" checkinTime="1600873888554" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="194287C9FF8CBA20B482FFC0BB5AFC42" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Austronomus kuboriensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="667" masterDocId="E57BFFB1FFBCBA10B412F760B226FFCE" masterDocTitle="Molossidae" masterLastPageNumber="672" masterPageNumber="598" pageNumber="667" updateTime="1661886293392" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Molossidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>598</mods:start>
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<mods:end>672</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6418279</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">bc3766a8-d834-42d8-9b39-0612d00293ca</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6418279</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6577280" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195583676" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6577280" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:194287C9FF8CBA20B482FFC0BB5AFC42" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/194287C9FF8CBA20B482FFC0BB5AFC42" lastPageNumber="667" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">
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<heading pageId="48" pageNumber="667">
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<subSubSection box="[144,224,2208,2250]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[140,1335,2208,2329]" box="[144,224,2208,2250]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">
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<figureCitation box="[144,224,2208,2250]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="44.[151,181,3247,3272]" captionTargetBox="[16,2784,13,3655]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="On following pages: 105. Roberts's Flat-headed Bat (Sauromys petrophilus); 106. Brazilian Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida brasiliensis); 107. European Free-tailed Bat (7adarida teniotis); 108. Egyptian Free-tailed Bat (7adarida aegyptiaca); 109. Kenyan Big-eared Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida lobata); 110. African Giant Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida ventralis); 111. Malagasy Free-tailed Bat (7adarida fulminans); 112. East Asian Free-tailed Bat (7adarida insignis); 113. La Touche's Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida latouchei); 114. New Guinea Free-tailed Bat (Austronomus kuboriensis); 115. White-striped Free-tailed Bat (Austronomus australis); 116. East Coast Free-tailed Bat (Micronomus norfolkensis); 117. Beccari's Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops beccaril); 118. Northern Coastal Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops cobourgianus); 119. Cape York Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops hall); 120. South-western Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops kitchener); 121. Loria’s Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops loriae); 122. Lumsden'’s Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops lumsdenae); 123. Inland Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops petersi); 124. Southern Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops planiceps); 125. Ride's Free-tailed Bat (Ozimops ride); 126. Hairy-nosed Free-tailed Bat (Setirostris eleryi)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6567964/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">114.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[241,815,2208,2250]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[140,1335,2208,2329]" box="[241,815,2208,2250]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">
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<vernacularName box="[241,815,2208,2250]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">
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New
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<collectingCountry box="[347,500,2208,2250]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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Free-tailed Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[864,1335,2208,2250]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[140,1335,2208,2329]" box="[864,1335,2208,2250]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="McKean & Calaby" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[864,1335,2208,2250]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Austronomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kuboriensis">
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<emphasis box="[864,1335,2208,2250]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Austronomus kuboriensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="667" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[140,1335,2208,2329]" box="[141,1232,2268,2289]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[141,217,2268,2289]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[222,403,2268,2289]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Tadaride du Kubor</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[423,514,2268,2289]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[524,826,2268,2289]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Neuguinea-Bulldogfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/ Spanish: Murciélago rabudo de Kubor
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="48.[140,1335,2208,2329]" box="[141,639,2308,2329]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[141,388,2308,2329]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[398,639,2308,2329]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">
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New
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<collectingCountry box="[452,520,2308,2329]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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Mastiff Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="667" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[755,1348,2378,2801]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[755,910,2378,2407]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="McKean & Calaby, 1968" authorityName="McKean & Calaby" authorityYear="1968" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tadarida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kuboriensis">Tadarida kuboriensis McKean & Calaby, 1968</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="667" type="materials_examined">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3780789390" country="New Guinea" latitude="-6.0333333" location="Minj-Nona Divide" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="144.75" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" specimenCount="1">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[755,1348,2378,2801]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">
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“
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:194287C9FF8CBA20B482FFC0BB5AFC42:94346004FF8CBA20B7DCFE16B6F4F641" box="[974,1234,2422,2447]" country="New Guinea" latitude="-6.0333333" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="144.75" name="Minj-Nona Divide" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Minj-Nona Divide</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:194287C9FF8CBA20B482FFC0BB5AFC42:94346004FF8CBA20B0FBFE16B168F678" country="New Guinea" latitude="-6.0333333" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="144.75" name="Kubor Range" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Kubor Range</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[869,1049,2457,2486]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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(Lat.
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<geoCoordinate box="[1150,1240,2457,2486]" degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" precision="925" value="-6.0333333">6°02’S</geoCoordinate>
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, Long.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="48.[755,1348,2378,2801]" box="[758,916,2492,2525]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">
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<geoCoordinate box="[758,886,2492,2525]" degrees="144" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" precision="925" value="144.75">144°45'E</geoCoordinate>
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).”
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</paragraph>
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</materialsCitation>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="667" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[755,1348,2378,2801]" lastBlockId="48.[141,1348,2808,3472]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">
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Prior to description, a single 1961 specimen of the species was regarded as
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Austronomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">Austronomus australis</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry box="[1089,1216,2611,2644]" name="Australia" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Australia</collectingCountry>
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. In 1982 K. F. Koopman regarded this form as a race of A.
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[909,1018,2698,2723]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Austronomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">australis</taxonomicName>
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, but subsequent publications have treated it as a species. There has been some confusion over the parent genus. T. Iredale and E. Le G. Troughton proposed the novel genus
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<taxonomicName box="[1139,1308,2808,2841]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Austronomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austronomus</taxonomicName>
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in 1934, but it wasinitially invalid; the name was validated by Troughton in 1941.
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Austronomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austronomus</taxonomicName>
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was synonymized within the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1814" box="[698,813,2887,2920]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tadarida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tadarida</taxonomicName>
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by J. E. Hill in 1961 and others; it was alternatively synonymized with Nyctinomus in 1988 by J. A. Mahoney and D. W. Walton and others. Subsequently, the genus
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<taxonomicName box="[666,835,2966,2999]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Austronomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austronomus</taxonomicName>
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was again recognized for
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<taxonomicName authorityName="McKean & Calaby" authorityYear="1968" box="[1209,1348,2966,2999]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tadarida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kuboriensis">kuboriensis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[207,316,3005,3038]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Austronomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">australis</taxonomicName>
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by L. K. Ammerman and colleagues in 2012 and T. B. Reardon and colleagues in 2014, and it currently remains in use. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="667" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567936" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6567936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6567936/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" targetBox="[140,732,2384,2799]" targetPageId="48">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[141,1348,2808,3472]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[141,318,3084,3117]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Highlands of New
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<collectingCountry box="[588,691,3084,3117]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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, including Kwiyawagi and Kelangur Cave areas in
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<collectingRegion box="[180,401,3127,3156]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Papua Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[419,559,3127,3156]" name="Indonesia" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingRegion box="[640,712,3127,3156]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Enga" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Enga</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[728,1001,3127,3156]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Western Highlands" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Western Highlands</collectingRegion>
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, Central, and
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<collectingRegion box="[1206,1348,3127,3156]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Milne Bay" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Milne Bay</collectingRegion>
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provinces in
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<collectingCountry box="[322,593,3167,3196]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="667" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[141,1348,2808,3472]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[141,391,3202,3235]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body
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<quantity box="[577,720,3202,3235]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="8.4" metricValueMin="7.1" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" unit="mm" value="77.5" valueMax="84.0" valueMin="71.0">71-84 mm</quantity>
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,tail
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<quantity box="[797,947,3202,3235]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.45" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" unit="mm" value="44.5" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="41.0">41-48 mm</quantity>
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, forearm
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<quantity box="[1088,1237,3202,3235]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.4" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" unit="mm" value="57.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="54.0">54-60 mm</quantity>
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||
; weight
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||
<quantity box="[142,254,3242,3275]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" unit="g" value="24.5" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="23.0">23-26 g</quantity>
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||
. The New
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<collectingCountry box="[410,512,3242,3275]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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||
Free-tailed Bat is one of the largest free-tailed bats in New
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<collectingCountry box="[142,245,3281,3314]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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||
, comparable in size to the Mantled Giant Mastift Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hayman" authorityYear="1952" box="[1004,1246,3281,3314]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Otomops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="secundus">Otomops secundus</taxonomicName>
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||
). Fur is dark red brown on back, and paler underneath. There is no shoulder mantle, and ear margins are smooth, unlike those of the Mantled Giant Mastiff Bat. Wings are long, narrow, and tapered. Skull is very flat. Dental formula for both species of
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<taxonomicName box="[1180,1348,3399,3432]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Austronomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austronomus</taxonomicName>
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i511/2,C1/1,P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 30.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="667" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph blockId="48.[1414,2626,288,910]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1416,1527,288,317]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Habitat.</emphasis>
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The New
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<collectingCountry box="[1675,1777,288,317]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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Free-tailed Bat has been found in montane habitats, including
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<taxonomicName box="[1476,1620,323,356]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nothofagus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuprianova" authorityYear="1962" box="[1645,1859,323,356]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Nothofagaceae</taxonomicName>
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) moss forests, alpine and subalpine grasslands, and fern lands. Recorded at altitudes of
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<quantity box="[1924,2110,367,396]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" unit="m" value="2500.0" valueMax="3100.0" valueMin="1900.0">1900-3100 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="667" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[1414,2626,288,910]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1416,1675,402,435]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The New
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<collectingCountry box="[1818,1920,402,435]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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Free-tailed Bat has been observed hawking insects over an alpine grassland at Porgera Reservoir.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1416,1790,481,514]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[1414,2626,288,910]" box="[1416,1790,481,514]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1416,1551,481,514]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Breeding.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="667" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[1414,2626,288,910]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1414,1652,520,553]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The New
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<collectingCountry box="[1808,1910,520,553]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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Free-tailed Bat is reported to have a very low frequency and loud echolocation call, similar to that of the White-striped Free-tailed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[1428,1717,603,632]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Austronomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">Austronomus australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
) of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1775,1902,603,632]" name="Australia" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1416,2357,638,671]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="48.[1414,2626,288,910]" box="[1416,2357,638,671]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1416,2117,638,671]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="667" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="48.[1414,2626,288,910]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1417,1767,681,710]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List, in view of its apparently wide distribution and the lack of major threats within its high-altitude range, and because there is no reason to believe it is declining.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="667" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="48.[1414,2626,288,910]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1417,1570,804,829]" pageId="48" pageNumber="667">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Ammerman et al. (2012), Armstrong & Aplin (2009), Bonaccorso (1998), Bonaccorso & Reardon (2008b), Flannery (1995b, 1999), Helgen (2007b), Hill (1961), Iredale & Troughton (1934), Koopman (1982b), Mahoney & Walton (1988), McKean & Calaby (1968), Reardon et al. (2014), Troughton (1941).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |