876 lines
111 KiB
XML
876 lines
111 KiB
XML
<document id="DBCA4EEBA1EC50BB6738210FF4A8B9D3" ID-CLB-Dataset="31334" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6b5f3c6f-c7df-4475-9c8a-3844b07a73de" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1065750" ID-ZooBank="A4FD63BD-47ED-4B4B-BC65-5E75738DDC89" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1511515045585" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Valencia, Jorge H., Dueñas, Manuel R., Székely, Paul, Batallas, Diego, Pulluquitín, Francisco & Ron, Santiago R." docDate="2017" docId="040580304A17206DFF66F8C7B930F9F1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4353.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4353 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pristimantis yantzaza Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="460" masterDocId="F83CF8484A132060FFF1FFFABC3AFFD8" masterDocTitle="A new species of direct-developing frog of the genus Pristimantis (Anura: Terrarana: Craugastoridae) from Cordillera del Cóndor, Ecuador, with comments on threats to the anuran fauna of the region" masterLastPageNumber="466" masterPageNumber="447" pageNumber="451" updateTime="1698504357021" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="DC09B32286B406BECF3236C8954D5237" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="631FDBCAD482C78B36F4B6F3B5D37994">
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<mods:title id="DF60CE39648490E32F0EF0817E5A58A0">A new species of direct-developing frog of the genus Pristimantis (Anura: Terrarana: Craugastoridae) from Cordillera del Cóndor, Ecuador, with comments on threats to the anuran fauna of the region</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="346870EDB6F8A3D2E3219F1897D3A33E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="7CF181699B94536C053EEA9EBB68F2AE">
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<mods:roleTerm id="227F226BBC197CA77D4188A1C9488C00">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DADA850D33EB8FB14094CA50078A5066">Valencia, Jorge H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="6E7821C40505EF85FE373820E2E1F522" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A641F05347AB90A43A0FBA492C62C93C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6260101367A22C3409CB33A658913F3A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A6F55C409EE510DFE4DFE2BFB5652983">Dueñas, Manuel R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5EF67A1B23119741E06BD2F4E61B1827" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="B07C091227FE83BA3F13261234E88F32">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0153BF44EF462BF0741004D573F1DCD1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3594670D99AD0A5F9807931438132EDE">Székely, Paul</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="4586E47454AB86B7D56A5A9B316727A9" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="032CA3A3CB8B1DEB817D3DFA46939A03">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CB2613CB78DDC1396E2F2ABFE13A44F1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E7D21C0A92373786806F70ED8B355F88">Batallas, Diego</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A0D9CA4BCD7688CCBDA9DBA3956885C8" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="043561078B69CCBADD8FF6434AC36B8B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="80197A3B399CFF8ECC6A6A56798FE07E">Pulluquitín, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D636BD630BA17C461CF0FED4777C0B84" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="89D12FF65D59EC25A3BF526B7CE081BF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D153C71C0B4D7D2312CB520A473F27AC">Ron, Santiago R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AE732BE959DEF585F9A038C1A887A069">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4946039DE1F2D86E95D070D165998598">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="9DD2E218B9F7828ABD5F875B63F5DFF7">
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<mods:date id="0D0F5C6EB54CCECE455BF5C545486C78">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E758A150D8ACCDA7B2682609794A4F09">2017-11-24</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="4A0383259D4246F23FADAAFA2F374F60" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C72E2CF4DE55FF16B1D31D596DF329A4">4353</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="4AF5310F31815AA4D2FF3077A7DF82FF" type="issue">
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<mods:classification id="AECC7A95E1D58F51C97F42146EAD75DC">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8DF83E000A355D0FAB8ED1C115326AAD" type="CLB-Dataset">31334</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="41CEC90A46023385A850704E5C3F8013" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="ABEBD39A34F59600E9C1D44EA9DCC1A0" type="GBIF-Dataset">6b5f3c6f-c7df-4475-9c8a-3844b07a73de</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C477F370DC9C42A563EED6A38936C6CD" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D24D182849CEF4BD3AB9C64889C052B4" type="Zenodo-Dep">1065750</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="040580304A17206DFF66F8C7B930F9F1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6000667" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137551967" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6000667" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:040580304A17206DFF66F8C7B930F9F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/040580304A17206DFF66F8C7B930F9F1" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="460" pageId="4" pageNumber="451">
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<subSubSection id="C4B662AD4A172064FF66F8C7BD11F819" pageId="4" pageNumber="451" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8C1331264A172064FF66F8C7BDC7F880" blockId="4.[151,668,1853,1985]" box="[151,509,1853,1880]" pageId="4" pageNumber="451">
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<heading id="D75B864A4A172064FF66F8C7BDC7F880" bold="true" box="[151,509,1853,1880]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="451" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A172064FF66F8C7BDC7F880" bold="true" box="[151,509,1853,1880]" pageId="4" pageNumber="451">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A172064FF66F8C7BDA3F88F" authority="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron, 2017" authorityName="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,409,1853,1879]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yantzaza" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="BED8ED344A172064FF66F8C7BDA3F88F" bold="true" box="[151,409,1853,1879]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="451">Pristimantis yantzaza</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5EB504F4A172064FE51F8C4BDC7F880" box="[416,509,1854,1880]" pageId="4" pageNumber="451" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8C1331264A172064FF66F89ABD11F819" blockId="4.[151,668,1853,1985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="451">
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Suggested English name: Yantzaza´s Rainfrog Suggested Spanish name: Cutín de Yantzaza (
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<figureCitation id="14972DA34A172064FF6EF852BD19F819" box="[159,291,1960,1985]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,914,936]" captionTargetBox="[162,1420,311,882]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,301,892]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Pristimantis yantzaza sp. nov. in life, FHGO 9962, adult female, SVL 24.4 mm: A) dorsal view, and B) ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065754/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="451">Figs. 2A–B</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C4B662AD4A162065FF66FF6DB926FB8C" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A162065FF66FF6DBE2BFF20" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">
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<materialsCitation id="3CC43B7B4A162065FF66FF6DBE2BFF20" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1702506672" collectingDate="2014-10-12" collectionCode="FHGO" collectorName="La Zarza & M. R. Duenas & D. Hurtado." country="Ecuador" county="Yantzaza" elevation="1478" location="La Zarza" municipality="Los Encuentros" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" specimenCode="FHGO 9962" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Zamora Chinchipe" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="BED8ED344A162065FF66FF6DBD31FF68" bold="true" box="[151,267,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">
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||
<typeStatus id="53178F844A162065FF66FF6DBD3CFF68" box="[151,262,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCode id="DC0A995D4A162065FEE9FF62BD93FF68" box="[280,425,151,176]" collectionCode="FHGO" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">FHGO 9962</specimenCode>
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(
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<figureCitation id="14972DA34A162065FE4FFF6DBE15FF68" box="[446,559,151,176]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,914,936]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox-0="[162,1420,311,882]" captionTargetBox-1="[205,1364,744,1936]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[151,1436,301,892]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[197,1392,733,1949]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Pristimantis yantzaza sp. nov. in life, FHGO 9962, adult female, SVL 24.4 mm: A) dorsal view, and B) ventral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Holotype of Pristimantis yantzaza sp. nov. (FHGO 9962, adult female, SVL 24.4 mm) in preservative: A) dorsal view, B) ventral view, C) head, dorsal view, and D) head, lateral view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1065754/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1065756/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
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) an adult female from
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<collectorName id="215954F04A162065FCBCFF62BF81FF77" box="[845,955,152,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">
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||
<location id="897367FD4A162065FCBCFF62BF81FF77" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:040580304A17206DFF66F8C7B930F9F1:897367FD4A162065FCBCFF62BF81FF77" box="[845,955,152,175]" country="Ecuador" county="Yantzaza" municipality="Los Encuentros" name="La Zarza" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" stateProvince="Zamora Chinchipe">La Zarza</location>
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</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6C77AB5C4A162065FC3DFF62B8BEFF77" box="[972,1156,152,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Los Encuentros</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="657249AA4A162065FB64FF62B8C7FF77" box="[1173,1277,152,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Yantzaza</collectingCounty>
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, (3°46ʼ36” S, 78°29ʼ47” W,
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<elevation id="0781D6154A162065FEC8FF46BDB4FF0C" box="[313,398,188,212]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.478" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="1478.0">
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||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A162065FEC8FF46BDB4FF0C" box="[313,398,188,212]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.478" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="1478.0">1478 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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elevation),
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<collectingRegion id="4E68FFC44A162065FDE2FF47BEDEFF0D" box="[531,740,188,213]" country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Zamora Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
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province,
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<collectingCountry id="F4BB71B64A162065FCAAFF46B87FFF0D" box="[859,1093,188,213]" name="Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Republic of Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, collected on
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<collectingDate id="E856EE0E4A162065FB11FF46B9A6FF0C" box="[1248,1436,188,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" value="2014-10-12">
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<date id="F81217E64A162065FB11FF46B9A6FF0C" box="[1248,1436,188,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" value="2014-10-12">12 October 2014</date>
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</collectingDate>
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by
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<collectorName id="215954F04A162065FF4BFF1ABD6FFF2F" box="[186,341,224,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">M. R. Dueñas</collectorName>
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and
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<collectorName id="215954F04A162065FE7DFF1ABE2BFF20" box="[396,529,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">D. Hurtado.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="D8D361AE4A162065FF66FC68BD00FC1E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065754/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" targetBox="[162,1420,311,882]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="8C1331264A162065FF66FC68BD00FC1E" blockId="5.[151,1435,914,966]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">
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<emphasis id="BED8ED344A162065FF66FC68BD29FC7F" bold="true" box="[151,275,914,936]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A162065FE6AFC69BE4CFC70" authority="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron, 2017" authorityName="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron" authorityYear="2017" box="[411,630,915,936]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yantzaza" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A162065FE6AFC69BE4CFC70" box="[411,630,915,936]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Pristimantis yantzaza</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5EB504F4A162065FD8CFC68BEF4FC7F" box="[637,718,914,935]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A162065FD8CFC68BEF4FC7F" bold="true" box="[637,718,914,935]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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in life, FHGO 9962, adult female, SVL 24.4 mm: A) dorsal view, and B) ventral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A162065FF36FC09B926FB8C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1011,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A162065FF36FC09BDFDFBD4" bold="true" box="[199,455,1011,1036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">
|
||
Paratopotypes (
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A162065FE72FC0EBDA8FBD3" bold="true" box="[387,402,1012,1035]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">n</emphasis>
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=6).
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</emphasis>
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DHMECN, 11696, 11697, an adult male and an adult female collected on
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<date id="F81217E64A162065FAF6FC0EBCF5FBF7" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" value="2012-12-12">12 December 2012</date>
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by M. R. Dueñas; FHGO 9963–65 an adult male and two adult females with the same collection data as the holotype. FHGO 8346, an adult female, collected on
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<date id="F81217E64A162065FD1BFBC1BF8AFB8C" box="[746,944,1083,1108]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" value="2011-02-25">25 February 2011</date>
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by A. Barahona and H. Cadena.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C4B662AD4A162065FF36FBA5BD28F927" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A162065FF36FBA5BD28F927" blockId="5.[151,1437,1011,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A162065FF36FBA5BD90FBA0" bold="true" box="[199,426,1119,1144]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<typeStatus id="53178F844A162065FF36FBA5BD05FBA0" box="[199,319,1119,1144]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="BED8ED344A162065FEBEFBA5BD64FBAE" bold="true" box="[335,350,1119,1142]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">n</emphasis>
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= 26).
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</emphasis>
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DHMECN, 11693 an adult female and DHMECN 11700, 11702 two juvenile males from Colibrí, Los Encuentros (3°45ʼ47” S, 78°30ʼ13” W,
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<quantity id="4B549CC34A162065FCFEFB79BF57FB44" box="[783,877,1155,1180]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="1680.0">1680 m</quantity>
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),
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<collectingRegion id="4E68FFC44A162065FC79FB7EB85AFB44" box="[904,1120,1155,1180]" country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Zamora Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
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province, collected on
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<date id="F81217E64A162065FA71FB7EBD6AFB18" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" value="2015-12-12">12 December 2015</date>
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by M. R. Dueñas; FHGO 8346, 9963, two adult females from Colibrí, Relaves, Yantzaza (3°45ʼ42” S, 78°30ʼ16” W,
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<quantity id="4B549CC34A162065FE22FB36BE16FB3C" box="[467,556,1228,1252]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.39" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="1390.0">1390 m</quantity>
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),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4E68FFC44A162065FDB3FB36BF2EFB3C" box="[578,788,1227,1252]" country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Zamora Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
|
||
province collected on
|
||
<date id="F81217E64A162065FBE8FB31B8D8FB3C" box="[1049,1250,1227,1252]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" value="2011-02-25">25 February 2011</date>
|
||
by A. Barahona and H. Cadena. DHMECN, 8504, an adult female, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E99857E14A162065FD2EFB15BF65FADF" box="[735,863,1263,1287]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" precision="15" value="-3.5752778">3°34'31” S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E99857E14A162065FC9DFB15B83EFADF" box="[876,1028,1263,1287]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" precision="15" value="-78.43611">78°26'10” W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A162065FBFEFB15B85DFADF" box="[1039,1127,1263,1287]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3459999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="1346.0">1346 m</quantity>
|
||
), collected on
|
||
<date id="F81217E64A162065FAFDFB15B9A2FADF" box="[1292,1432,1263,1287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">2 December</date>
|
||
; DHMECN 10157, an adult female, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E99857E14A162065FDC1FAE9BE8AFAF3" box="[560,688,1299,1323]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" precision="15" value="-3.5319445">3°31'55” S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E99857E14A162065FD4CFAE9BF6EFAF3" box="[701,852,1299,1323]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" precision="15" value="-78.39528">78°23'43” W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A162065FCAEFAE9BF93FAF3" box="[863,937,1299,1323]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.26" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="926.0">926 m</quantity>
|
||
), collected on
|
||
<date id="F81217E64A162065FBBCFAE9B92DFAF3" box="[1101,1303,1299,1323]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" value="2011-12-06">6 December 2011</date>
|
||
; DHMECN 11147, an adult female (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E99857E14A162065FE56FACDBE1CFA97" box="[423,550,1335,1359]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" precision="15" value="-3.5744443">3°34'28” S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E99857E14A162065FDC2FACDBEF0FA97" box="[563,714,1335,1359]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" precision="15" value="-78.43445">78°26'04” W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A162065FD27FACDBF14FA97" box="[726,814,1335,1359]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.253" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="1253.0">1253 m</quantity>
|
||
), collected on
|
||
<date id="F81217E64A162065FC23FACDB851FA97" box="[978,1131,1335,1359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" value="2013-06-23">23 June 2013</date>
|
||
; DHMECN 11149, 11153– 54, 11159, three adult males and an adult female (3°35ʼ07” S, 78°26ʼ22” W,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A162065FC0EFAA1B862FAAC" box="[1023,1112,1371,1396]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.59" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="1590.0">1590 m</quantity>
|
||
), collected on
|
||
<date id="F81217E64A162065FB0FFAA6B94EFAAC" box="[1278,1396,1372,1396]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" value="2013-06">June 2013</date>
|
||
, all from Concesión Mirador, Tundayme, Pangui,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4E68FFC44A162065FD44FA7ABFB6FA40" box="[693,908,1407,1432]" country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Zamora Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
|
||
province collected by R. M. Betancourt, D. Chungandro and M. Alcoser; FHGO 8884, 8886, two adult female from Las Peñas, Relaves, Yantzaza (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E99857E14A162065FAE9FA59B9ADFA63" box="[1304,1431,1443,1467]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" precision="15" value="-3.773611">3°46'25” S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E99857E14A162065FF66FA3DBD0BFA07" box="[151,305,1479,1503]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" precision="15" value="-78.49528">78°29'43” W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A162065FECEFA3DBDA1FA07" box="[319,411,1479,1503]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.48" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="1480.0">1480 m</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4E68FFC44A162065FE43FA32BEBDFA07" box="[434,647,1479,1503]" country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Zamora Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
|
||
province, collected on
|
||
<date id="F81217E64A162065FC6BFA3DB851FA07" box="[922,1131,1479,1503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" value="2012-11-04">4 November 2012</date>
|
||
by J. H. Valencia; QCAZ 63294, 63295, two adult females from
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A162065FDA0FA16BEA0F9DC" box="[593,666,1515,1540]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
E Santa Clara del Vergel, Palanda (4°36ʼ41” S, 78°54ʼ12” W,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A162065FA95FA16BC8AF9FF" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.03" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="2030.0">2030 m</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4E68FFC44A162065FF36F9EABDA6F9F0" box="[199,412,1551,1576]" country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Zamora Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
|
||
Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F4BB71B64A162065FDEAF9F5BE40F9F0" box="[539,634,1551,1576]" name="Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected on
|
||
<date id="F81217E64A162065FCEEF9F5BFEAF9F0" box="[799,976,1551,1576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" value="2016-03-24">24 March 2016</date>
|
||
by P. Székely. Ten adult males, QCAZ 65056 (4°35ʼ54” S, 78°51ʼ34” W,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A162065FDDAF9C9BEBCF994" box="[555,646,1587,1612]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.644" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="1644.0">1644 m</quantity>
|
||
), QCAZ 65063 (4°36ʼ14” S, 78°49ʼ42” W,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A162065FB76F9CEB8D8F994" box="[1159,1250,1588,1612]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1119999999999997" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="2112.0">2112 m</quantity>
|
||
), QCAZ 65096, 65098–99, 65102, (4°36ʼ6” S, 78°49ʼ51” W,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A162065FD6CF9ADBECDF9B7" box="[669,759,1623,1647]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.033" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="2033.0">2033 m</quantity>
|
||
), QCAZ 65110 (4°36ʼ1” S, 78°49ʼ57” W,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A162065FB11F9ADB900F9B7" box="[1248,1338,1623,1647]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.014" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="2014.0">2014 m</quantity>
|
||
), QCAZ 65112 (4°36ʼ2” W, 78°49ʼ56” W,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A162065FDDDF981BEB3F94C" box="[556,649,1659,1684]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.016" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="2016.0">2016 m</quantity>
|
||
), QCAZ 65143 (4°35ʼ57” S, 78°50ʼ4” W,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A162065FB79F986B8DFF94C" box="[1160,1253,1660,1684]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9809999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="1981.0">1981 m</quantity>
|
||
), QCAZ 65147 (4°35ʼ40” S, 78°50ʼ25” W,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A162065FE3EF965BE1DF96F" box="[463,551,1695,1719]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.832" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="1832.0">1832 m</quantity>
|
||
), collected on
|
||
<date id="F81217E64A162065FD3AF965BF91F960" box="[715,939,1695,1720]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" value="2016-08-20" valueMax="2016-08-27" valueMin="2016-08-20">20–27 August 2016</date>
|
||
, all from Reserva Biológica Cerro Plateado, La Canela, Palanda,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4E68FFC44A162065FE70F93EBE6EF904" box="[385,596,1731,1756]" country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Zamora Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
|
||
province, by D. Almeida, E. Nursirquia, F. Ayala, J. Pinto, A. Achig, and M. Bustos.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C4B662AD4A162066FF36F8F1BD5FFB1D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="453" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A162066FF36F8F1BE5CFEE7" blockId="5.[151,1437,1011,2008]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="453" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A162065FF36F8F1BE23F8FC" bold="true" box="[199,537,1803,1828]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">
|
||
Referred material (
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A162065FE47F8F6BDFFF8FB" bold="true" box="[438,453,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 12).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
DHMECN, 11693 (3°45ʼ03” S, 78°30ʼ40” W,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A162065FBB7F8F1B89AF8FC" box="[1094,1184,1803,1828]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6199999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="1620.0">1620 m</quantity>
|
||
) an adult female and DHMECN 11700 (3°45ʼ47” S, 78°30ʼ13” W,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A162065FD6CF8D5BECEF89F" box="[669,756,1839,1864]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="1680.0">1680 m</quantity>
|
||
) a juvenile male, both collected on
|
||
<date id="F81217E64A162065FB79F8D5B964F89F" box="[1160,1374,1839,1864]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" value="2012-12-12">12 December 2012</date>
|
||
from Colibrí, Los Encuentros,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4E68FFC44A162065FE33F8AEBEA3F8B4" box="[450,665,1875,1900]" country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Zamora Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
|
||
province by M. R. Dueñas. DHMECN 11150, 11159, two adult females (3°34ʼ33” S, 78°26ʼ43” W,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A162065FDD8F88DBEBAF857" box="[553,640,1911,1936]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="1250.0">1250 m</quantity>
|
||
), DHMECN 11157, 11160 an adult male and an adult female (3°34ʼ47” S, 78°26ʼ22” W,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A162065FE96F861BDFFF86C" box="[359,453,1947,1972]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.361" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="1361.0">1361 m</quantity>
|
||
), all collected on
|
||
<date id="F81217E64A162065FD50F866BF23F86C" box="[673,793,1948,1972]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" value="2013-06">June 2013</date>
|
||
from Concesión Mirador, Tundayme, Pangui,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4E68FFC44A162065FAB4F866BD30F800" country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Zamora Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
|
||
province collected by R. M. Betancourt and D. Chungandro. Seven adult males
|
||
<collectionCode id="EABDA9E34A162065FB7DF845B8E2F80F" box="[1164,1240,1983,2007]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
65057 (4°35ʼ40” S, 78°51ʼ14” W,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A152066FEA4FF6DBD97FF68" box="[341,429,151,176]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.619" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" unit="m" value="1619.0">1619 m</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectionCode id="EABDA9E34A152066FE30FF62BE37FF68" box="[449,525,152,176]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
65095 (4°36ʼ6” S, 78°49ʼ51” W,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A152066FC79FF62BFDAFF68" box="[904,992,152,176]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.033" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" unit="m" value="2033.0">2033 m</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectionCode id="EABDA9E34A152066FC05FF62B87AFF68" box="[1012,1088,152,176]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
65103 (4°36ʼ11” S, 78°49ʼ40” W,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A152066FF4CFF46BD2FFF0C" box="[189,277,188,213]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.996" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" unit="m" value="1996.0">1996 m</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectionCode id="EABDA9E34A152066FED8FF46BD4FFF0C" box="[297,373,188,212]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
65119 (4°36ʼ10” S, 78°49ʼ48” W,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A152066FCF1FF46BF62FF0C" box="[768,856,188,212]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.073" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" unit="m" value="2073.0">2073 m</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectionCode id="EABDA9E34A152066FC9CFF46BF83FF0C" box="[877,953,188,212]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
65146 (4°35ʼ57” S, 78°50ʼ6” W,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A152066FAC6FF46B9B5FF0C" box="[1335,1423,188,212]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" unit="m" value="1980.0">1980 m</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectionCode id="EABDA9E34A152066FF66FF1ABCD9FF20" box="[151,227,224,248]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">QCAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
65148, 65150 (4°35ʼ38” W, 78°50ʼ31 W,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A152066FD28FF1ABF0EFF20" box="[729,820,224,248]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.803" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" unit="m" value="1803.0">1803 m</quantity>
|
||
), collected on
|
||
<date id="F81217E64A152066FC12FF1AB8F1FF20" box="[995,1227,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" value="2016-08-20" valueMax="2016-08-27" valueMin="2016-08-20">20–27 August 2016</date>
|
||
, all from Reserva Biológica Cerro Plateado, La Canela, Palanda,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4E68FFC44A152066FD33FEFFBFA2FEC5" box="[706,920,260,285]" country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">Zamora Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
|
||
province, by D. Almeida, E. Nursirquia, F. Ayala, J. Pinto, A. Achig, and M. Bustos.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A152066FF36FEB6BD5FFB1D" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FF36FEB6BE77FEBD" bold="true" box="[199,589,332,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">Comparisons with other species.</emphasis>
|
||
Coloration in this section refers to live specimens unless otherwise noted.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FF66FE8BBDB0FE50" authority="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron, 2017" authorityName="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,394,369,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yantzaza" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FF66FE8BBDB0FE50" box="[151,394,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">Pristimantis yantzaza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5EB504F4A152066FE63FE95BDD7FE5F" box="[402,493,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FE63FE95BDD7FE5F" bold="true" box="[402,493,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is readily distinguished from other congeneric species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FB71FE95B8C8FE50" box="[1152,1266,367,392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Cordillera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cordillera</taxonomicName>
|
||
del Condor by its bright reddish, salmon or orange ventral coloration and iris cream bluish to light blue with dark reticulations and a wide dark red mid-horizontal band. Ventral coloration is shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FC1DFE43B95DFE08" authority="(Brito et al. 2014)" authorityName="Brito et al." authorityYear="2014" box="[1004,1383,439,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paquishae">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FC1DFE43B8BAFE08" box="[1004,1152,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. paquishae</emphasis>
|
||
(Brito
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FB2DFE43B920FE08" box="[1244,1306,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FF66FE27BE7CFE2C" authority="(Lynch 1979)" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="1979" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[151,582,476,501]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proserpens">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FF66FE27BD9EFE2C" box="[151,420,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">Pristimantis proserpens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E83D4CD74A152066FE42FE26BE05FE2C" author="Lynch" box="[435,575,476,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1979) Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of Southern Ecuador. Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 66, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1979">Lynch 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FD4AFE27BF71FE2D" box="[699,843,476,501]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paquishae">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FD4AFE27BF71FE2D" box="[699,843,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. paquishae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has vocals slits and short and robust digits, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FA76FE27BD29FDC0" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proserpens">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FA76FE27BD29FDC0" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. proserpens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks discoidal folds and has longer digits. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FCD8FE05BFA1FDC0" box="[809,923,511,536]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Cordillera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cordillera</taxonomicName>
|
||
del Condor there are fifteen other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FF66FDDFBE06FDE4" authority="(Almendariz et al. 2014)" authorityName="Almendariz et al." authorityYear="2014" box="[151,572,548,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FF66FDDFBD1AFDE4" box="[151,288,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
(Almendariz
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FE4AFDDFBDD1FDE5" box="[443,491,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that could be related and or confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FBEEFDDFB8A7FDE4" authorityName="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron" authorityYear="2017" box="[1055,1181,549,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yantzaza">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FBEEFDDFB8A7FDE4" box="[1055,1181,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. yantzaza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(characters of the new species given in parenthesis).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FE17FDB2BF89FDB8" authority="(Lynch 1968)" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="1968" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[486,947,583,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="croceoinguinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FE17FDB2BF2EFDB8" box="[486,788,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">Pristimantis croceoinguinis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E83D4CD74A152066FCD2FDBDBF90FDB8" author="Lynch" box="[803,938,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1968) Two new frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from eastern Ecuador (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae). Journal of Herpetology, 2, 129 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1563112" type="journal article" year="1968">Lynch 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FC18FDB3B9A6FDB8" authority="(Boulenger 1912)" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1912" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1001,1436,583,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventrimarmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FC18FDB3B8F4FDB8" box="[1001,1230,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. ventrimarmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E83D4CD74A152066FB2CFDBDB9AEFDB8" author="Boulenger" box="[1245,1428,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1912) Descriptions of new batrachians from the Andes of South America, preserved in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 10, 185 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931208693215" type="journal article" year="1912">Boulenger 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack tympanic annulus and tympanic membranes (annulus and membrane tympanic present);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FB3DFD97BD58FD70" authority="(Boulenger 1918)" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1918" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachyblepharis">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FB3DFD97B9A6FD5D" box="[1228,1436,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. trachyblepharis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E83D4CD74A152066FF6FFD75BD60FD70" author="Boulenger" box="[158,346,655,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1918) Descriptions of new South American batrachians. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 2, 427 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931808673782" type="journal article" year="1918">Boulenger 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FE53FD6BBEF1FD70" authority="(Lynch 1979)" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="1979" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[418,715,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FE53FD6BBE18FD70" box="[418,546,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. spinosus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E83D4CD74A152066FDC4FD75BEF8FD70" author="Lynch" box="[565,706,655,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1979) Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of Southern Ecuador. Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 66, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1979">Lynch 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have tympanum concealed beneath skin, length 30–40% eye length (annulus and membrane tympanic distinct, 40% eye length),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FC44FD4FB94DFD14" authority="(Lynch & Duellman 1980)" authorityName="Lynch & Duellman" authorityYear="1980" baseAuthorityName="Lynch & Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[949,1399,692,717]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FC44FD4FB80BFD15" box="[949,1073,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. prolatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E83D4CD74A152066FBB4FD4EB94AFD14" author="Lynch" box="[1093,1392,692,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Duellman, W. E. (1980) The Eleutherodactylus of the Amazonian slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes (Anura: Leptodactylidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 69, 1 - 86." type="journal article" year="1980">Lynch & Duellman 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FA76FD4FBD8FFD28" authority="(Lynch 1979)" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="1979" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proserpens">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FA76FD4FBD29FD28" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. proserpens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E83D4CD74A152066FED0FD2DBD97FD28" author="Lynch" box="[289,429,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1979) Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of Southern Ecuador. Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 66, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1979">Lynch 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FE00FD23BF25FD28" authority="(Lynch 1979)" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="1979" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[497,799,727,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="versicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FE00FD23BE45FD28" box="[497,639,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. versicolor</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E83D4CD74A152066FD7FFD2DBF2CFD28" author="Lynch" box="[654,790,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1979) Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of Southern Ecuador. Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 66, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1979">Lynch 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack discoidal fold (discoidal fold present);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FAE2FD23BE68FCCC" authority="(Barbour & Dunn 1921)" authorityName="Barbour & Dunn" authorityYear="1921" baseAuthorityName="Barbour & Dunn" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FAE2FD23BD03FCCD" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">Pristimantis altamazonicus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E83D4CD74A152066FEB6FD06BE73FCCC" author="Barbour" box="[327,585,764,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refString="Barbour, T. & Dunn, E. R. (1921) Herpetological novelties. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 34, 157 - 162." type="journal article" year="1921">Barbour & Dunn 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FDACFD07B87FFCCC" authority="(Duellman & Pramuk 1999)" authorityName="Duellman & Pramuk" authorityYear="1999" baseAuthorityName="Duellman & Pramuk" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[605,1093,764,789]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serendipitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FDACFD07BF3AFCCD" box="[605,768,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. serendipitus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E83D4CD74A152066FCFEFD06B807FCCC" author="Duellman" box="[783,1085,764,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Pramuk, J. B. (1999) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in the Andes of northern Peru. Scientific Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 13, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1999">Duellman & Pramuk 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FB71FD07BD0CFCE0" authority="(Duellman & Pramuk 1999)" authorityName="Duellman & Pramuk" authorityYear="1999" baseAuthorityName="Duellman & Pramuk" baseAuthorityYear="1999" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exoristus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FB71FD07B93AFCCC" box="[1152,1280,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. exoristus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E83D4CD74A152066FAFEFD06BD14FCE0" author="Duellman" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Pramuk, J. B. (1999) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in the Andes of northern Peru. Scientific Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 13, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1999">Duellman & Pramuk 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have vocal slits in males (vocal slits absent);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FCC4FCDBB923FCE0" authority="(Jimenez de la Espada 1875)" authorityName="Jimenez de la Espada" authorityYear="1875" baseAuthorityName="Jimenez de la Espada" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[821,1305,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diadematus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FCC4FCDBBFEBFCE0" box="[821,977,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. diadematus</emphasis>
|
||
(Jimenez de la
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E83D4CD74A152066FB71FCE5B92AFCE0" author="Espada" box="[1152,1296,799,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refString="Jimenez de la Espada, M. (1875) Vertebrados del Viaje al Pacifico Verificado de 1862 a 1865 por una Comision de Naturalistas Enviada por el Gobierno Espanol. Batracios. M. Ginesta, Madrid, 228 pp." type="book" year="1875">Espada 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a tarsal fold (tarsal folds absent);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FE46FCBFBFBAFC84" authority="(Duellman & Pramuk 1999)" authorityName="Duellman & Pramuk" authorityYear="1999" baseAuthorityName="Duellman & Pramuk" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[439,896,836,861]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muscosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FE46FCBFBE04FC84" box="[439,574,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. muscosus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E83D4CD74A152066FDBDFCBEBF42FC84" author="Duellman" box="[588,888,836,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Pramuk, J. B. (1999) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in the Andes of northern Peru. Scientific Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 13, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1999">Duellman & Pramuk 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has reddish iris (iris cream bluish to light blue);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FF66FC93BDE8FC58" authority="Teran" authorityName="Teran" box="[151,466,871,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FF66FC93BDB1FC58" box="[151,395,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">Pristimantis minimus</emphasis>
|
||
Terán
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E83D4CD74A152066FE2EFC9DBF17FC58" author="Valdez" box="[479,813,871,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refString="Teran-Valdez, A. & Guayasamin, J. M. (2010) The smallest terrestrial vertebrate of Ecuador: A new frog of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Cordillera del Condor. Zootaxa, 2447, 53 - 68." type="journal article" year="2010">Valdez & Guayasamin 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, is a minute frog, SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A152066FBA0FC92B881FCA7" box="[1105,1211,872,896]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="12.2">12.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males and
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A152066FA9AFC9DBCC1FC7C" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" metricValueMax="1.3699999999999999" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="11.6" valueMax="13.7" valueMin="9.5">9.5– 13.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females (SVL 17.6–22.0 in males, 21.6–34.0 in females);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FC56FC77B9ADFC7C" authority="(Duellman & Pramuk 1999)" authorityName="Duellman & Pramuk" authorityYear="1999" baseAuthorityName="Duellman & Pramuk" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[935,1431,908,933]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodostichus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FC56FC77B869FC7D" box="[935,1107,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. rhodostichus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E83D4CD74A152066FB90FC76B9AAFC7C" author="Duellman" box="[1121,1424,908,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Pramuk, J. B. (1999) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in the Andes of northern Peru. Scientific Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 13, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1999">Duellman & Pramuk 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has fingers bearing distinct lateral fringes (fingers bearing narrow lateral fringes), has low cranial crests (cranial crests absent).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FEB2FC2FBEA0FC35" authority="Reyes" authorityName="Reyes" box="[323,666,980,1005]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tungurahua">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FEB2FC2FBE76FC34" box="[323,588,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">Pristimantis tungurahua</emphasis>
|
||
Reyes
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–Püig
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FD17FC2FBF23FC35" box="[742,793,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010, distributed on eastern Andean slopes, also have reddish venter coloration; however
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FDDFFC03BEF5FBC8" box="[558,719,1015,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tungurahua">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FDDFFC03BEF5FBC8" box="[558,719,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. tungurahua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has dorsolateral folds, subacuminate snout in dorsal view and acuminate in lateral view, and heel with prominent calcar. Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FC2DFBE7B866FBEC" authorityName="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron" authorityYear="2017" box="[988,1116,1053,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yantzaza">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FC2DFBE7B866FBEC" box="[988,1116,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. yantzaza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily distinguished from all the other phylogenetically close species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FD3EFBBBB8EAFB80" authority="(Duellman & Pramuk 1999)" authorityName="Duellman & Pramuk" authorityYear="1999" baseAuthorityName="Duellman & Pramuk" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[719,1232,1087,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ardalonychus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FD3EFBBBBFBEFB80" box="[719,900,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. ardalonychus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E83D4CD74A152066FC64FBC5B8F3FB80" author="Duellman" box="[917,1225,1087,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Pramuk, J. B. (1999) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in the Andes of northern Peru. Scientific Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 13, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1999">Duellman & Pramuk 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FB2FFBBBBD82FBA4" authority="(Barbour & Noble 1920)" authorityName="Barbour & Noble" authorityYear="1920" baseAuthorityName="Barbour & Noble" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cajamarcensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FB2FFBBBB9A6FB80" box="[1246,1436,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. cajamarcensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E83D4CD74A152066FF6FFB9EBD8AFBA4" author="Barbour" box="[158,432,1124,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refString="Barbour, T. & Noble, G. K. (1920) Some amphibians from northwestern Peru, with a revision of the genera Phyllobates and Telmatobius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 63, 395 - 427." type="journal article" year="1920">Barbour & Noble 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FE36FB9FBF98FBA4" authority="(Duellman & Wild 1993)" authorityName="Duellman & Wild" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Duellman & Wild" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[455,930,1124,1149]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceuthospilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FE36FB9FBE4BFBA5" box="[455,625,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. ceuthospilus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E83D4CD74A152066FD72FB9EBFA3FBA4" author="Duellman" box="[643,921,1124,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Wild, E. R. (1993) Anuran amphibians from the Cordillera de Huancabamba, northern Peru: Systematics, ecology, and biogeography. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 157, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1993">Duellman & Wild 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FC40FB9FB940FBA4" authority="Duellman & Hedges 2007" authorityName="Duellman & Hedges" authorityYear="2007" box="[945,1402,1124,1149]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FC40FB9FB807FBA5" box="[945,1085,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. minutulus</emphasis>
|
||
Duellman & Hedges 2007
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FA76FB9FBDE7FB78" authority="(Boulenger 1912)" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1912" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ockendeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FA76FB9FBD33FB78" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. ockendeni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E83D4CD74A152066FEE8FB7DBDEFFB78" author="Boulenger" box="[281,469,1159,1184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1912) Descriptions of new batrachians from the Andes of South America, preserved in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 10, 185 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931208693215" type="journal article" year="1912">Boulenger 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FDEDFB73BF46FB78" authority="(Gunther 1859)" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1859" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[540,892,1159,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unistrigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FDEDFB73BEFBFB78" box="[540,705,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">P. unistrigatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E83D4CD74A152066FD20FB7DBF4EFB78" author="Gunther" box="[721,884,1159,1184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refString="Gunther, A. C. L. G. (1859) Second list of cold - blooded vertebrata collected by Mr. Fraser in the Andes of western Ecuador. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1859, 402 - 420." type="proceedings paper" year="1859">Günther 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by its characteristic reddish, salmon or orange ventral coloration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C4B662AD4A152066FF36FB35BE40FA8D" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A152066FF36FB35BE40FA8D" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FF36FB35BD74FB30" bold="true" box="[199,334,1231,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FDC7FB2BBEA2FB30" authorityName="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron" authorityYear="2017" box="[566,664,1233,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yantzaza">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FDC7FB2BBEA2FB30" box="[566,664,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">yantzaza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to canton of Yantzaza, one of the eight cantons of the province of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4E68FFC44A152066FF44FB0FBDB3FAD5" box="[181,393,1268,1293]" country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">Zamora Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
|
||
, where the new species is known to occur. In addition, Yantzaza is an Ecuadorian Shuar word that means “firefly”. Yantzaza was traditionally called “Firefly Valley” or “Valle de Yantzaza” by indigenous Shuar people. The epithet is a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C4B662AD4A152067FF36FAA5B858FE98" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="454" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A152067FF36FAA5B858FE98" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,680]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="454" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FF36FAA5BD7BFAA0" bold="true" box="[199,321,1375,1400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
We assign this species to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FD2AFA9BBF5EFAA0" box="[731,868,1377,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FD2AFA9BBF5EFAA0" box="[731,868,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of its phylogenetic position. The new species also shows a general morphological similarity with many other members of the genus (including characteristic T–shaped terminal phalanges, toes without membranes, and Toe V longer than Toe III).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A152066FAE2FA53BCC3FA3C" authority="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron, 2017" authorityName="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron" authorityYear="2017" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yantzaza" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FAE2FA53BCC3FA3C" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">Pristimantis yantzaza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5EB504F4A152066FEF0FA36BD66FA3D" box="[257,348,1484,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FEF0FA36BD66FA3D" bold="true" box="[257,348,1484,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is characterized by: (1) skin of dorsum finely shagreen with scattered pustular tubercles, dorsal folds absent; skin of belly coarsely areolate, discoidal folds weak; thoracic fold present; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus evident, round; horizontal diameter of tympanic annulus 45–50% of eye diameter and separated from the eye by a distance of approximately one third of the length of the eye; (3) snout short, subacuminate in dorsal view, rounded in profile,
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A152066FD23F9A6BFA8F9AD" box="[722,914,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">canthus rostralis</emphasis>
|
||
distinct, rounded in dorsal view and slightly sharp in lateral profile, loreal region slightly concave to flat; nostrils slightly protuberant, directed dorsolaterally; area between nostril slightly convex; (4) upper eyelid bearing several small and flat tubercles and two or three enlarged and sub–conical supraocular tubercles, approximately 60% of eye diameter; cranial crests absent; (5) choanae triangular not concealed by palatal shelf of maxillary arch; dentigerous processes of vomers small and ovoid; slightly smaller than choanae, separated medially by distance lower than width of odontophore; each odontophore has 5 to 7 teeth; (6) males lacking vocal sac and slits; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II, all fingers bearing subtruncate disks, approximately three times the width of the digit proximal to the pad; (8) fingers bearing narrow lateral fringes; (9) small ulnar tubercles present; (10) inner edge of tarsus bearing indistinct tubercles, heel bearing one large tubercle and several smaller tubercles; tarsal fold absent; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid and slightly elevated, about four times the diameter of the outer tubercle; outer metatarsal tubercle small, sub-conical; supernumerary plantar tubercles present; (12) toes bearing narrow lateral fringes; Toe IV much longer than Toe III; discs broadly expanded, elliptical, about same size as those on fingers; (13) dorsum yellowish tan to dark brown, mottled with darker brown or with cream vertebral and dorsolateral stripes; concealed surface of thigh reddish, salmon or orange with brown bars; venter and groin uniformly bright reddish or orange, throat bearing minutes spots; (14) SVL in adult males
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A142067FE04FEDDBEA2FEE7" box="[501,664,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.985" metricValueMax="2.21" metricValueMin="1.76" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="19.85" valueMax="22.1" valueMin="17.6">17.6–22.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 6), females 23.2–34.0 mm (n = 16).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C4B662AD4A14206BFF36FEB6BDBFFEBD" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="458" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A142067FF36FEB6BDCBFD70" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A142067FF36FEB6BDDEFEBD" bold="true" box="[199,484,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="53178F844A142067FE87FEB6BDE5FEBD" box="[374,479,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="14972DA34A142067FD7DFEB6BF2BFEBC" box="[652,785,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[205,1364,744,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[197,1392,733,1949]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of Pristimantis yantzaza sp. nov. (FHGO 9962, adult female, SVL 24.4 mm) in preservative: A) dorsal view, B) ventral view, C) head, dorsal view, and D) head, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065756/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="454">Figs. 3A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
) with,
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A142067FCAEFEB6BFF9FEBC" box="[863,963,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.44" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="24.4">24.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL; head slightly wider than body; head barely wider than long; head length 41.9% of SVL.
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A142067FD15FE95BF92FE50" box="[740,936,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="454">Canthus rostralis</emphasis>
|
||
sharp, loreal region slightly concave to flat, sloping abruptly; nostrils slightly protuberant, directed laterally; eye-to-nostril distance 47.7% of eye diameter; lips not flared; upper eyelid bearing several small and flat tubercles and two enlarged and sub-conical supraocular tubercles; snout rounded in dorsal and lateral view; tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus evident, round, its upper and posterodorsal part obscured by rounded supratympanic fold; supratympanic fold thick and slightly warty; several low postrictal tubercles situated posteroventrally to tympanic annulus; interorbital distance greater than the width of upper eyelid; choanae small, rounded, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxillary arch; dentigerous processes of vomer small and oblique with four teeth; tongue longer than wide, bilobate, posterior 1/3 not adherent to floor of mouth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D8D361AE4A142067FF66F855BF4FF83C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065756/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" targetBox="[205,1364,744,1936]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A142067FF66F855BF4FF83C" blockId="7.[151,1436,1967,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A142067FF66F855BD29F81C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1967,1989]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A142067FE6DF84ABE4DF81D" authority="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron, 2017" authorityName="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron" authorityYear="2017" box="[412,631,1968,1989]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yantzaza" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A142067FE6DF84ABE4DF81D" box="[412,631,1968,1989]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="454">Pristimantis yantzaza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5EB504F4A142067FD8FF855BEF5F81C" box="[638,719,1967,1988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A142067FD8FF855BEF5F81C" bold="true" box="[638,719,1967,1988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(FHGO 9962, adult female, SVL 24.4 mm) in preservative: A) dorsal view, B) ventral view, C) head, dorsal view, and D) head, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A1B2068FF36FF6DBFAFFE2D" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="455">
|
||
Skin of dorsum finely shagreen; dorsolateral folds absent; skin of throat shagreen; thin, low mid dorsal fold starting at tip of snout and ending at cloaca (trait more visible in life); low interocular fold present (trait more visible in life); ventral and lateral skin coarsely areolate; discoidal folds weak; thoracic fold present (trait more visible in life); small ulnar tubercles present without forming a distinct fold; thenar tubercle oval equal (right hand) or barely smaller (left hand) than divided palmar tubercle; supernumerary palmar tubercles present; subarticular tubercles prominent and rounded, including the most distal tubercle; fingers bearing narrow lateral fringes, all fingers bearing pads well defined by circumferential grooves; Finger I shorter than Finger II; tips of digits subtruncated; inner digit of hand bearing barely narrower disc than outer digits (
|
||
<figureCitation id="14972DA34A1B2068FBD2FE6EB844FE74" box="[1059,1150,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[168,1401,887,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,877,1768]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hand and feet of the holotype of Pristimantis yantzaza sp. nov. in preservative FHGO 58044, adult female: A) palmar view of hand, B) plantar view of foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065762/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="455">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
); all fingers bearing pads on digital tips; tips of Finger IV reaches beyond distal subarticular tubercle on Finger III; tip of Finger II reaches distal subarticular tubercle of Finger III; knee bearing low tubercles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A1B2068FF36FE05BE2DFCE0" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="455">
|
||
Hind limbs moderately long; tibia long 56.5% of SVL; foot long 46.1% of SVL; Toe V much longer than Toe III; tip of Toe III not reaching the distal edge of the penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV; tip of Toe V extending beyond the distal edge of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV (
|
||
<figureCitation id="14972DA34A1B2068FC08FDBDB86EFDB8" box="[1017,1108,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[168,1401,887,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,877,1768]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hand and feet of the holotype of Pristimantis yantzaza sp. nov. in preservative FHGO 58044, adult female: A) palmar view of hand, B) plantar view of foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065762/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="455">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
); disks of inner toes slightly smaller than outer fingers; tips of digits subtruncated; webbing absent; subarticular tubercles on toes distinct, projecting and ovoid; supernumerary plantar tubercles at base of toes present; inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid and elevated, almost half the length of Toe I; lateral fringes absent; outer metatarsal tubercle small, sub–conical; tarsus without fold but small sub–conical tubercles along outer border, indistinct on inner border; heel bearing one larger, rounded tubercle and several smaller tubercles; cloacal sheath and tubercles present, cloacal opening directed posteroventrally at level of thighs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D8D361AE4A1B2068FF66F907BE59F8EA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065762/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="455" targetBox="[168,1401,887,1748]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A1B2068FF66F907BE59F8EA" blockId="8.[151,1436,1789,1842]" pageId="8" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1B2068FF66F907BD2EF8CA" bold="true" box="[151,276,1789,1811]" pageId="8" pageNumber="455">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Hand and feet of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A1B2068FD89F904BF6FF8CB" authority="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron, 2017" authorityName="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron" authorityYear="2017" box="[632,853,1790,1811]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yantzaza" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1B2068FD89F904BF6FF8CB" box="[632,853,1790,1811]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="455">Pristimantis yantzaza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5EB504F4A1B2068FCACF904BF8AF8CB" box="[861,944,1790,1811]" pageId="8" pageNumber="455" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1B2068FCACF904BF8AF8CB" bold="true" box="[861,944,1790,1811]" pageId="8" pageNumber="455">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in preservative FHGO 58044, adult female: A) palmar view of hand, B) plantar view of foot.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A1B2069FF36F8A4BE81FE98" blockId="8.[151,1436,1886,2020]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,645]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="456" pageId="8" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1B2068FF36F8A4BDA4F8AF" bold="true" box="[199,414,1886,1911]" pageId="8" pageNumber="455">Coloration in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum is yellowish–orange with brown-reddish markings; suprascapular region bearing W markings; dark brown interorbital bar; brown cloacal region. Dorsal surfaces of limbs yellowish-orange with dark brown bars. Dorsum of hands and feet with brown blotches, more abundant on outer fingers and toes; fingers I and II pale reddish–brown. Flanks bright yellowish with reddish-brown markings. Belly, axial region and groin bright reddish lacking spots or blotches, reddish throat finely mottled with minute brown spots. The concealed surfaces of limbs are reddish-brown finely mottled with pale brown. Ventral surfaces of tarsus dark brown. Palmar surface reddish densely mottled with brown, subarticular, palmar and thenar tubercles reddish; dark brown bars originating below the eyes and extending towards the lips. Iris bright creamy with a reddish median, horizontal streak and faint black reticulations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="14972DA34A1A2069FDD9FEDDBE95FE98" box="[552,687,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,914,936]" captionTargetBox="[162,1420,311,882]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,301,892]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Pristimantis yantzaza sp. nov. in life, FHGO 9962, adult female, SVL 24.4 mm: A) dorsal view, and B) ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065754/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">Figs. 2A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A1A2069FF36FEB6BFD1FDE4" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1A2069FF36FEB6BE36FEBD" bold="true" box="[199,524,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">Coloration in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum is pale brown with dark brown markings; dark brown interorbital bar; brown cloacal region. Dorsal surfaces of limbs pale brown with dark brown bars. Dorsum of hands and feet pale brown with dark brown blotches on outer fingers and toes. Flanks pale brown with dark brown markings. Belly, axial region and groin pale orange lacking spots or blotches, pale brown throat finely mottled. The concealed surfaces of limbs are brown finely mottled with dark brown. Ventral surface of tarsus dark brown. Palmar surface pale brown densely mottled with dark brown, subarticular, palmar and thenar tubercles dark brown; dark brown bars originating below the eyes and extending towards the lips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="14972DA34A1A2069FC90FDDEBFE5FDE4" box="[865,991,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[205,1364,744,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[197,1392,733,1949]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of Pristimantis yantzaza sp. nov. (FHGO 9962, adult female, SVL 24.4 mm) in preservative: A) dorsal view, B) ventral view, C) head, dorsal view, and D) head, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065756/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">Fig. 3A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A1A2069FF36FDBDBF68FD5C" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1A2069FF36FDBDBE54FDB8" bold="true" box="[199,622,583,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus id="53178F844A1A2069FE6BFDBDBE3BFDB8" box="[410,513,583,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="456" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(in mm).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SVL 24.4; HL 10.3; HW 10.7; ED 4.4; END 2.1; EW 2.6; IOD 3.2; IND 1.9; ETD 1.2; TYD 1.5; TL 13.7; FL 11.2; FoL 10.8; HaL 7.3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D8D361AE4A1A2069FF66FD4ABD02FD3F" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A1A2069FF66FD4ABD02FD3F" blockId="9.[151,1436,688,743]" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1A2069FF66FD4ABD30FD1F" bold="true" box="[151,266,688,711]" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (in mm) and proportions of adult males and females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A1A2069FBF7FD4AB8D7FD1F" authority="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron, 2017" authorityName="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron" authorityYear="2017" box="[1030,1261,688,711]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yantzaza" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1A2069FBF7FD4AB8D7FD1F" box="[1030,1261,688,711]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">Pristimantis yantzaza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5EB504F4A1A2069FB05FD4AB971FD1F" box="[1268,1355,688,711]" pageId="9" pageNumber="456" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1A2069FB05FD4AB971FD1F" bold="true" box="[1268,1355,688,711]" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(range, average ± SD).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A1A2069FDBAFCF8B876FCC0" blockId="9.[587,1100,770,823]" box="[587,1100,770,792]" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">Males Females</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A1A206AFDBAFCD8BDA1FE75" blockId="9.[587,1100,770,823]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="457" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1A2069FDBAFCD8BE6DFCEF" box="[587,599,802,823]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">n</emphasis>
|
||
=17
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1A2069FC06FCD8B83EFCEF" box="[1015,1028,802,823]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">n</emphasis>
|
||
=16
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1A2069FF36F8D4BD06F89F" bold="true" box="[199,316,1838,1863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric variation in adult males and females is described in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C12E049D4A1A2069FBC1F8D4B8BEF89F" box="[1072,1156,1838,1863]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,239,688,711]" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements (in mm) and proportions of adult males and females of Pristimantis yantzaza sp. nov. (range, average ± SD)." pageId="9" pageNumber="456">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
. Color variation in life is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="14972DA34A1A2069FEFCF8A8BD4EF8B3" box="[269,372,1874,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,487,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,481,1808]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Live specimens of Pristimantis yantzaza sp. nov. showing variation in dorsal and ventral coloration. From left to right, first and second rows: FHGO 9965, FHGO 9963, QCAZ 47544, QCAZ 47545 (females), third and fourth rows: QCAZ 65095, QCAZ 65098, QCAZ 65099, QCAZ 65112 (males).All specimens are shown in the same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065764/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
. Broad dark brown middorsal with narrow cream middorsal lines, and dorsolateral stripes extending from lever of eyelids to posterior end of body (DHMECN 11702, FHGO 8884, 9963, QCAZ 65056, 65063, 65112, 65147). A cream vertebral stripe is present in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="53178F844A1A2069FC5BF860B836F86B" box="[938,1036,1946,1971]" pageId="9" pageNumber="456" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and several additional specimens (DHMECN 11702, FHGO 8346, QCAZ 65063, 65098, 64143, 65147). Brown markings on dorsum reduced to the scapular region in a specimen (QCAZ 65096). W-shaped scapular mark on dorsum barely differentiated in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="53178F844A19206AFF66FF46BCC3FF0D" box="[151,249,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="457" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and in some additional specimens (DHMECN 11702, 11693, FHGO 9962, 9965) and strongly defined in a specimen (FHGO 9964). Sacral chevron marks in four specimens (DHMECN 11693, 11697, FHGO 8346, QCAZ 65056, 65063, 65147). Supratympanic stripes barely differentiated in a specimen (QCAZ 65096). Interocular bar is strongly differentiated in a specimen (QCAZ 65110, 65096). Bar lips barely differentiated in two specimens (QCAZ 65096, 65099). Canthal stripe absent in a specimen (QCAZ 65096). A specimen (FHGO 9965) with minute pale brown spots on belly and throat. The row of tarsal tubercles is undistinguished in the preserved specimen FHGO 8264.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A1A2069FF6EFCB0B88EF936" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<table id="FEACC3864A1ADF9FFF6EFCB0B8E0F936" box="[159,1242,842,1774]" gridcols="3" gridrows="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<tr id="329C33644A1ADF9FFF6EFCB0B8E0FCB8" box="[159,1242,842,864]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<th id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFF6EFCB0BD3AFCB8" box="[159,256,842,864]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">SVL</th>
|
||
<th id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFDBAFCB0BF14FCB8" box="[587,814,842,864]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">17.6‒22.1 (19.9 ± 1.6)</th>
|
||
<th id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFC06FCB0B8E0FCB8" box="[1015,1242,842,864]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">21.6‒3.4 (29.4 ± 4.3)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="329C33644A1ADF9FFF6EFC8EB8E0FC04" box="[159,1242,884,988]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<th id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFF6EFC8EBD3AFC04" box="[159,256,884,988]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">HW HL IOD</th>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFDBAFC8EBF14FC04" box="[587,814,884,988]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">6.9‒8.6 (7.4 ± 0.6) 7.8‒9.0 (8.1 ± 0.5) 2.1‒2.8 (2.4 ± 0.2)</td>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFC06FC8EB8E0FC04" box="[1015,1242,884,988]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">8.4‒14.7 (12.0 ± 1.8) 9.8‒ 14.9 (12.1 ± 1.6) 2.7‒4.4 (3.6 ± 0.5)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="329C33644A1ADF9FFF6EFC0AB8E0FB80" box="[159,1242,1008,1112]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<th id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFF6EFC0ABD3AFB80" box="[159,256,1008,1112]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">IND EW ED</th>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFDBAFC0ABF14FB80" box="[587,814,1008,1112]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">1.5‒2.1 (1.7 ± 0.3) 1.6‒2.3 (1.8 ± 0.3) 2.3‒3.8 (3.1 ± 0.6)</td>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFC06FC0AB8E0FB80" box="[1015,1242,1008,1112]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">1.7‒3.0 (2.4 ± 0.3) 1.7‒3.4 (2.7 ± 0.5) 3.1‒5.0 (3.9 ± 0.6)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="329C33644A1ADF9FFF6EFB96B8E0FB0C" box="[159,1242,1132,1236]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<th id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFF6EFB96BD3AFB0C" box="[159,256,1132,1236]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">EN TD FL</th>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFDBAFB96BF14FB0C" box="[587,814,1132,1236]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">2.4‒3.0 (2.5 ± 0.2) 0.8‒2.0 (1.3 ± 0.5) 7.7‒14.9 (9.8 ± 2.6)</td>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFC06FB96B8E0FB0C" box="[1015,1242,1132,1236]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">2.8‒4.7 (3.7 ± 0.6) 1.0‒2.3 (1.4 ± 0.4) 10.4‒15.2 (13.3 ± 1.6)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="329C33644A1ADF9FFF6EFB12B8E0FA88" box="[159,1242,1256,1360]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<th id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFF6EFB12BD3AFA88" box="[159,256,1256,1360]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">TL FoL HaL</th>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFDBAFB12BF14FA88" box="[587,814,1256,1360]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">9.5‒12.2 (10.9 ± 0.9) 7.7‒9.8 (8.8 ± 0.8) 5.9‒6.4 (6.1 ± 0.2)</td>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFC06FB12B8E0FA88" box="[1015,1242,1256,1360]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">10.8‒17.7 (15.1 ± 2.2) 10.1‒14.1 (12.6 ± 1.3) 6.5‒9.9 (8.6 ± 1.0)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="329C33644A1ADF9FFF6EFA9EB8E0FA14" box="[159,1242,1380,1484]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<th id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFF6EFA9EBD3AFA14" box="[159,256,1380,1484]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">HW/SVL HL/SVL HL/HW</th>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFDBAFA9EBF14FA14" box="[587,814,1380,1484]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">0.3‒04 (0.4 ± 0.0) 0‒4‒0.4 (0.4‒0.0) 1.1‒1.2 (1.1 ± 0.0)</td>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFC06FA9EB8E0FA14" box="[1015,1242,1380,1484]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">0.4‒05 (0.4 ± 0.0) 0.4‒05 (0.4 ± 0.0) 0.9‒1.2 (1.0 ± 0.1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="329C33644A1ADF9FFF6EFA1AB8E0F990" box="[159,1242,1504,1608]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<th id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFF6EFA1ABD3AF990" box="[159,256,1504,1608]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">EN/HL ED/HL EW/IOD</th>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFDBAFA1ABF14F990" box="[587,814,1504,1608]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">0.3‒0.3 (0.3 ± 0.0) 0.3‒0.5 (0.4 ± 0.1) 0.7‒0.9 (0.8 ± 0.1)</td>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFC06FA1AB8E0F990" box="[1015,1242,1504,1608]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">0.3‒0.3 (0.3 ± 0.0) 0.3‒0.5 (0.3 ± 0.1) 0.5‒1.0 (0.8 ± 0.2)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="329C33644A1ADF9FFF6EF9A6B8E0F91C" box="[159,1242,1628,1732]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<th id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFF6EF9A6BD3AF91C" box="[159,256,1628,1732]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">EN/ED TD/ED FL/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFDBAF9A6BF14F91C" box="[587,814,1628,1732]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">0.7‒1.0 (0.8 ± 0.1) 0.2‒0.9 (0.4 ± 0.3) 0.4‒0.8 (0.5 ± 0.1)</td>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFC06F9A6B8E0F91C" box="[1015,1242,1628,1732]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">0.6‒1.3 (1.0 ± 0.2) 0.2‒0.6 (0.4 ± 0.3) 0.4‒0.5 (0.5 ± 0.0)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="329C33644A1ADF9FFF6EF922B8E0F936" box="[159,1242,1752,1774]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<th id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFF6EF922BD3AF936" box="[159,256,1752,1774]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">FoL/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFDBAF922BF14F936" box="[587,814,1752,1774]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">0.4‒0.5 (0.4 ± 0.0)</td>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1ADF9FFC06F922B8E0F936" box="[1015,1242,1752,1774]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="456">0.4‒0.5 (0.4 ± 0.0)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D8D361AE4A19206AFF66F8DCB88BF8A1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065764/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="457" targetBox="[159,1426,487,1793]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A19206AFF66F8DCB88BF8A1" blockId="10.[151,1436,1830,1913]" pageId="10" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A19206AFF66F8DCBD29F8E3" bold="true" box="[151,275,1830,1852]" pageId="10" pageNumber="457">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Live specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A19206AFE2DF8DDBE82F8E4" authority="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron, 2017" authorityName="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron" authorityYear="2017" box="[476,696,1831,1852]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="457" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yantzaza" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A19206AFE2DF8DDBE82F8E4" box="[476,696,1831,1852]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="457">Pristimantis yantzaza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5EB504F4A19206AFD4EF8DCBF2AF8E3" box="[703,784,1830,1851]" pageId="10" pageNumber="457" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A19206AFD4EF8DCBF2AF8E3" bold="true" box="[703,784,1830,1851]" pageId="10" pageNumber="457">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
showing variation in dorsal and ventral coloration. From left to right, first and second rows: FHGO 9965, FHGO 9963, QCAZ 47544, QCAZ 47545 (females), third and fourth rows: QCAZ 65095, QCAZ 65098, QCAZ 65099, QCAZ 65112 (males). All specimens are shown in the same scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A19206BFF36F85FBDBFFEBD" blockId="10.[151,1436,1957,2019]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="458" pageId="10" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A19206AFF36F85FBD8AF866" bold="true" box="[199,432,1957,1982]" pageId="10" pageNumber="457">Advertisement call.</emphasis>
|
||
The advertisement call (mean ± SD is provided for all acoustic parameters analyzed) is characterized by a modulated frequency. The calls are a cadential series of metallic sounds, which could be confused with cricket sounds. Dominant frequency = 3.62 ± 0.10 kHz. Call duration = 222.50 ± 35.64 ms, with intervals = 5393.30 ± 1828.60 ms, Call per minute = 12.27 ± 4.48 calls/minute. Calls are multipulsed by mean = 4.58 ± 0.67 pulses with duration = 17.23 ± 3.24 ms. Calls intervals = 38.80 ± 7.51 ms, producing a mean = 17.93 ± 2.57 pulses/second (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C12E049D4A18206BFE8AFEFEBDE9FEC4" box="[379,467,260,285]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,239,1432,1455]" captionText="TABLE 4. Summary of the acoustic analysis of the calls of Pristimantis yantzaza sp. nov. Sample size (N) corresponds to the calls/pulses. Parameters abbreviations are: kHz = kilohertz, ms = milliseconds, SD = Standard deviation." pageId="11" pageNumber="458">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Pulses have a slight increase in frequency of 0.02–0.08 kHz between pulses, having 0.12–0.21 kHz between the first and last pulses. Choruses are not orderly structured, males close to each other call antiphonally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="14972DA34A18206BFEC3FEB6BD4CFEBD" box="[306,374,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1656,1678]" captionTargetBox="[176,1436,413,1622]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,383,1635]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE6. Oscillogram and spectrogram of the advertisement call of Pristimantis yantzaza sp. nov. (unvoucheredspecimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065766/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="458">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="D8D361AE4A18206BFF66F982B9A7F956" box="[151,1437,1656,1679]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065766/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="458" targetBox="[176,1436,413,1622]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A18206BFF66F982B9A7F956" blockId="11.[151,1437,1656,1679]" box="[151,1437,1656,1679]" pageId="11" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A18206BFF66F982BD28F955" bold="true" box="[151,274,1656,1678]" pageId="11" pageNumber="458">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Oscillogram and spectrogram of the advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A18206BFC95F983B805F957" authority="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron, 2017" authorityName="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron" authorityYear="2017" box="[868,1087,1657,1679]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yantzaza" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A18206BFC95F983B805F957" box="[868,1087,1657,1679]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="458">Pristimantis yantzaza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5EB504F4A18206BFBB4F983B8ACF956" box="[1093,1174,1657,1678]" pageId="11" pageNumber="458" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A18206BFBB4F983B8ACF956" bold="true" box="[1093,1174,1657,1678]" pageId="11" pageNumber="458">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(unvouchered specimen).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C4B662AD4A18206DFF36F94CB930F9F1" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="460" pageId="11" pageNumber="458" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A18206BFF36F94CB844F836" blockId="11.[151,1437,1718,2031]" pageId="11" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A18206BFF36F94CBE6BF917" bold="true" box="[199,593,1718,1743]" pageId="11" pageNumber="458">Distribution and natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from five localities in the province of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4E68FFC44A18206BFB6FF94DB94EF917" box="[1182,1396,1718,1743]" country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe" pageId="11" pageNumber="458">Zamora Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
|
||
, all in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A18206BFF14F920BD6DF92B" box="[229,343,1754,1779]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Cordillera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="465" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cordillera</taxonomicName>
|
||
del Condor (La Zarza, Colibrí, Mirador, and Las Peñas), (Cerro Plateado) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="14972DA34A18206BFB25F920B926F92A" box="[1236,1308,1754,1779]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1335,1357]" captionTargetBox="[230,1362,219,1286]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[199,1385,193,1307]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Distribution of Pristimantis yantzaza sp. nov. (triangles) in eastern Ecuador.The blue pentagon indicates the type locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065768/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="458">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="53178F844A18206BFA9DF921B9A6F92B" box="[1388,1436,1755,1779]" pageId="11" pageNumber="458">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality is in evergreen montane forest between
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A18206BFD39F905BF5DF8CE" box="[712,871,1791,1815]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="458" unit="m" value="1500.0" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="1200.0">1200–1800 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation (based on Ministerio del Ambiente de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E83D4CD74A18206BFF66F8D8BD0CF8E2" author="Ecuador" box="[151,310,1826,1851]" pageId="11" pageNumber="458" refString="Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador (2012) Sistema de clasificacion de los ecosistemas del Ecuador continental. Subsecretaria de Patrimonio Natural, Quito, 136 pp." type="book" year="2012">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F4BB71B64A18206BFF66F8D8BCCEF8E3" box="[151,244,1826,1851]" name="Ecuador" pageId="11" pageNumber="458">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, ecosystem classification system;
|
||
<figureCitation id="14972DA34A18206BFD45F8D8BF15F8E2" box="[692,815,1826,1851]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1262]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1262]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. A) Panoramic view of the habitat of Pristimantis yantzaza sp. nov., Cordillera del Condor; near Los Encuentros, Zamora Chinchipe; B) habitat at the type locality; C) an adult female perching on leaves at Palanda; and D) an adult female camouflaged on moss at Tundayme." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065770/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="458">Fig. 8A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The following ecological information was obtained at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="53178F844A18206BFF31F8BDBCCAF887" box="[192,240,1863,1887]" pageId="11" pageNumber="458">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A18206BFEA7F8BDBE7DF886" authorityName="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron" authorityYear="2017" box="[342,583,1863,1886]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yantzaza">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A18206BFEA7F8BDBE7DF886" box="[342,583,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="458">Pristimantis yantzaza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is nocturnal, males were observed calling partially concealed among leaves. A few males were heard calling very sporadically from other small vegetation islands by day or night, but could not be located. Juveniles were observed on low vegetation or moss, adults on upper leaves of bushes 0.30 to 5.00 m above ground (
|
||
<figureCitation id="14972DA34A18206BFEBAF848BDF6F812" box="[331,460,1970,1995]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1262]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1262]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. A) Panoramic view of the habitat of Pristimantis yantzaza sp. nov., Cordillera del Condor; near Los Encuentros, Zamora Chinchipe; B) habitat at the type locality; C) an adult female perching on leaves at Palanda; and D) an adult female camouflaged on moss at Tundayme." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065770/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="458">Fig. 8C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two amplectant pairs were collected on a bromeliad (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A18206BFB9DF849B8E5F812" authorityName="Ruiz & Pavon" authorityYear="1802" box="[1132,1247,1971,1994]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Guzmania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="458" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A18206BFB9DF849B8E5F812" box="[1132,1247,1971,1994]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="458">Guzmania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.). Sympatric congeners include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A18206BFE98F82DBE56F836" baseAuthorityName="Lynch and Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[361,620,2007,2030]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incomptus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A18206BFE98F82DBE56F836" box="[361,620,2007,2030]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="458">Pristimantis incomptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A18206BFD8BF82DBECBF837" baseAuthorityName="Lynch & Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[634,753,2006,2031]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A18206BFD8BF82DBECBF837" box="[634,753,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="458">P. prolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A18206BFD0EF82DBFADF836" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[767,919,2007,2030]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proserpens">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A18206BFD0EF82DBFADF836" box="[767,919,2007,2030]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="458">P. proserpens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A18206BFC25F82DB84DF837" baseAuthorityName="Duellman & Pramuk" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[980,1143,2006,2031]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serendipitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A18206BFC25F82DB84DF837" box="[980,1143,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="458">P. serendipitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D8D361AE4A1F206CFF66FACDBCD2FAB3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065768/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" targetBox="[230,1362,219,1286]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A1F206CFF66FACDBCD2FAB3" blockId="12.[151,1436,1335,1387]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1F206CFF66FACDBD29FA94" bold="true" box="[151,275,1335,1357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A1F206CFE47FAC2BEABFA95" authority="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron, 2017" authorityName="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron" authorityYear="2017" box="[438,657,1336,1357]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yantzaza" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1F206CFE47FAC2BEABFA95" box="[438,657,1336,1357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Pristimantis yantzaza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5EB504F4A1F206CFD69FACDBED2FA94" box="[664,744,1335,1356]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1F206CFD69FACDBED2FA94" bold="true" box="[664,744,1335,1356]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(triangles) in eastern Ecuador. The blue pentagon indicates the type locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="D8D361AE4A1F206CFF66FA62B90CFA17" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A1F206CFF66FA62B90CFA17" blockId="12.[151,1436,1432,1487]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1F206CFF66FA62BD30FA77" bold="true" box="[151,266,1432,1455]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Summary of the acoustic analysis of the calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A1F206CFCEDFA62B838FA77" authority="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron, 2017" authorityName="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron" authorityYear="2017" box="[796,1026,1432,1455]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yantzaza" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1F206CFCEDFA62B838FA77" box="[796,1026,1432,1455]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Pristimantis yantzaza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5EB504F4A1F206CFBFBFA62B85AFA77" box="[1034,1120,1432,1455]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1F206CFBFBFA62B85AFA77" bold="true" box="[1034,1120,1432,1455]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Sample size (N) corresponds to the calls/pulses. Parameters abbreviations are: kHz = kilohertz, ms = milliseconds, SD = Standard deviation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A1F206CFF6EFA16B930F893" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<table id="FEACC3864A1FDF9FFF6EFA11B978F893" box="[159,1346,1515,1867]" gridcols="3" gridrows="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<tr id="329C33644A1FDF9FFF6EFA11B978F9D9" box="[159,1346,1515,1537]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<th id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFF6EFA11BD8BF9D9" box="[159,433,1515,1537]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Parameters</th>
|
||
<th id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFD4EFA11B83DF9D9" box="[703,1031,1515,1537]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Range (mean ± SD)</th>
|
||
<th id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFB23FA11B978F9D9" box="[1234,1346,1515,1537]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
|
||
Sample (
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1F206CFADCFA16B900F9D9" box="[1325,1338,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">n</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="329C33644A1FDF9FFF6EF9EEB978F9F2" box="[159,1346,1556,1578]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<th id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFF6EF9EEBD8BF9F2" box="[159,433,1556,1578]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Dominant frequency (kHz)</th>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFD4EF9EEB83DF9F2" box="[703,1031,1556,1578]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">3.44‒3.81 (3.62 ± 0.10)</td>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFB23F9EEB978F9F2" box="[1234,1346,1556,1578]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">11/52</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="329C33644A1FDF9FFF6EF9C7B978F98B" box="[159,1346,1597,1619]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<th id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFF6EF9C7BD8BF98B" box="[159,433,1597,1619]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Call duration (ms)</th>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFD4EF9C7B83DF98B" box="[703,1031,1597,1619]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">147‒288 (222.50 ± 35.64)</td>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFB23F9C7B978F98B" box="[1234,1346,1597,1619]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="329C33644A1FDF9FFF6EF99DB978F9A5" box="[159,1346,1639,1661]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<th id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFF6EF99DBD8BF9A5" box="[159,433,1639,1661]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Call intervals (ms)</th>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFD4EF99DB83DF9A5" box="[703,1031,1639,1661]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">2805‒8631 (5393.30 ± 1828.60)</td>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFB23F99DB978F9A5" box="[1234,1346,1639,1661]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="329C33644A1FDF9FFF6EF96AB978F97E" box="[159,1346,1680,1702]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<th id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFF6EF96ABD8BF97E" box="[159,433,1680,1702]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Calls/minute</th>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFD4EF96AB83DF97E" box="[703,1031,1680,1702]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">6.95‒21.41 (12.27 ± 4.48)</td>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFB23F96AB978F97E" box="[1234,1346,1680,1702]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="329C33644A1FDF9FFF6EF943B978F917" box="[159,1346,1721,1743]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<th id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFF6EF943BD8BF917" box="[159,433,1721,1743]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Pulses per calls</th>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFD4EF943B83DF917" box="[703,1031,1721,1743]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">4‒6 (4.58 ± 0.67)</td>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFB23F943B978F917" box="[1234,1346,1721,1743]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">11/52</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="329C33644A1FDF9FFF6EF919B978F921" box="[159,1346,1763,1785]" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<th id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFF6EF919BD8BF921" box="[159,433,1763,1785]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Pulses duration (ms)</th>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFD4EF919B83DF921" box="[703,1031,1763,1785]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">13‒26 (17.23 ± 3.24)</td>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFB23F919B978F921" box="[1234,1346,1763,1785]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">11/52</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="329C33644A1FDF9FFF6EF8F6B978F8FA" box="[159,1346,1804,1826]" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<th id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFF6EF8F6BD8BF8FA" box="[159,433,1804,1826]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Pulses intervals (ms)</th>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFD4EF8F6B83DF8FA" box="[703,1031,1804,1826]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">24‒58 (38.80 ± 7.51)</td>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFB23F8F6B978F8FA" box="[1234,1346,1804,1826]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">11/52</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="329C33644A1FDF9FFF6EF8CFB978F893" box="[159,1346,1845,1867]" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<th id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFF6EF8CFBD8BF893" box="[159,433,1845,1867]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Pulses/seconds</th>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFD4EF8CFB83DF893" box="[703,1031,1845,1867]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">12.98‒25 (17.93 ± 2.57)</td>
|
||
<td id="714D5A184A1FDF9FFB23F8CFB978F893" box="[1234,1346,1845,1867]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">11/52</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D8D361AE4A1E206DFF66FAF9BE3FFA8E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065770/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1262]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A1E206DFF66FAF9BE3FFA8E" blockId="13.[151,1436,1283,1366]" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1E206DFF66FAF9BD29FAC0" bold="true" box="[151,275,1283,1305]" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
A) Panoramic view of the habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A1E206DFD62FAFEBF55FAC1" authority="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron, 2017" authorityName="Valencia & Dueñas & Székely & Batallas & Pulluquitín & Ron" authorityYear="2017" box="[659,879,1284,1305]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yantzaza" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1E206DFD62FAFEBF55FAC1" box="[659,879,1284,1305]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">Pristimantis yantzaza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5EB504F4A1E206DFC87FAFEBFF2FAC1" box="[886,968,1284,1305]" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1E206DFC87FAFEBFF2FAC1" bold="true" box="[886,968,1284,1305]" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A1E206DFC24FAF9B806FAC1" box="[981,1084,1283,1305]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Cordillera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="465" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cordillera</taxonomicName>
|
||
del Condor; near Los Encuentros, Zamora Chinchipe; B) habitat at the type locality; C) an adult female perching on leaves at Palanda; and D) an adult female camouflaged on moss at Tundayme.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1331264A1E206DFF36FA84B930F9F1" blockId="13.[151,1436,1406,1577]" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="BED8ED344A1E206DFF36FA84BDF8FA4F" bold="true" box="[199,450,1406,1431]" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
We consider this species to be Endangered following A4B1a,b(iii) IUCN criteria because: (i) its extent of occurrence is estimated to be less than
|
||
<quantity id="4B549CC34A1E206DFCABFA5FBF9BFA65" box="[858,929,1444,1469]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" unit="km" value="22.0">22 km</quantity>
|
||
2 (i.e., total area of continuous montane forest in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BAC4AA54A1E206DFF15FA32BD6CFA39" box="[228,342,1480,1505]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Cordillera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="465" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cordillera</taxonomicName>
|
||
del Condor and Andes); (ii) it has been detected in five localities in the province of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4E68FFC44A1E206DFAB4FA33BD37F9DE" country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">Zamora Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
|
||
, one of which was severely affected by a large scale open-pit mining; and (iii) its habitat is severely fragmented, isolated from other such habitats and declining in extent and quality due to deforestation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |