617 lines
93 KiB
XML
617 lines
93 KiB
XML
<document id="912B79BA0AE82050102515782F36A50D" ID-CLB-Dataset="4952" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.22" ID-GBIF-Dataset="048de9b3-27ce-4938-9f67-afa8b1bc2143" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927325" ID-ZooBank="26314FBC-18A7-4EBA-B0CF-5ADD5B03F5FD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623430045271" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Decae, Arthur E., Schwendinger, Peter J. & Hongpadharakiree, Komsan" docDate="2021" docId="FB3B87832529FFB0FF7EF94CFC81FF16" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4984.1.22.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4984 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Conothele isan Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree 2021, spec. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="311" masterDocId="0702FFFB2521FFBCFFE9FFEEFFD7FFEF" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of four new trapdoor spider species in the subfamily Ummidiinae from Thailand (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Halonoproctidae)" masterLastPageNumber="323" masterPageNumber="300" pageNumber="308" updateTime="1699010458049" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="0A4BEDE0F29F924A9F2BECC7C703BECF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CB4134E92BE116EF8C7D854C08911223">
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<mods:title id="CBAB2B6AAE3BD5891574F600CE2DAB8C">Descriptions of four new trapdoor spider species in the subfamily Ummidiinae from Thailand (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Halonoproctidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E6A64CB68419A36A3ACF5B720657A483" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="AF2B5DC4A13CE93AF5052B508BB47152">Decae, Arthur E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="413E5D3C0A8362E72C90A1B6D756F344">Natural History Museum Rotterdam, Westzeedijk 345 (Museumpark), 3015 AA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="87C1C432470C818D06684257FCD3155D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="513BD66C2FD9EF5180EABAA2100D67F5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AE7DF50D5B2C7CC613F63416DCE2554A">Schwendinger, Peter J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8ED314AB4A2F72CF7C97B0778BC547CA">Muséum d’histoire naturelle de la Ville de Genève, c. p. 6404, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="84EECD1B5776E503A9FBE07F8DD4CA49" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="69F1A5F7A5729D37D7381FD9EBBE0FD5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CF000F0308141F039F6D150D035EDF28">Hongpadharakiree, Komsan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E841DD5ED3D480CF5EB613240C38A816">Sirinart Rajini Mangrove Ecosystem Learning Center, Pranburi, Prachuab Khiri Khan, Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9D522EC4B8F626634A23972663AE6070">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B2458CCD137070AFC84A2423C0B5E9BD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="43536C080CF1D54E6FFFBBA9F9AFAC1C">
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<mods:date id="B4F1F51A2D8D5CF3CD920F48462467FE">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="25A61FA8385FBAEF3A37DF0CEA7B6176">2021-06-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8EFB0A82E3B0D4398C79034AD019773B">4984</mods:number>
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<treatment id="FB3B87832529FFB0FF7EF94CFC81FF16" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5205983" ID-GBIF-Taxon="184412314" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5205983" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB3B87832529FFB0FF7EF94CFC81FF16" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3B87832529FFB0FF7EF94CFC81FF16" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="8" pageNumber="308">
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<subSubSection id="3B88651E2529FFB4FF7EF94CFE1BF952" box="[151,460,1698,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="732D36952529FFB4FF7EF94CFE1BF952" blockId="8.[151,460,1698,1761]" box="[151,460,1698,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308">
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<heading id="286581F92529FFB4FF7EF94CFE1BF952" bold="true" box="[151,460,1698,1725]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="41E6EA872529FFB4FF7EF94CFE1BF952" bold="true" box="[151,460,1698,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308">
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<taxonomicName id="B4924D162529FFB4FF7EF94CFE9AF952" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,333,1698,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isan" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="41E6EA872529FFB4FF7EF94CFE9AF952" bold="true" box="[151,333,1698,1725]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="308">Conothele isan</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC2529FFB4FEBDF94DFE1BF952" box="[340,460,1699,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3B88651E2529FFB4FF7EF929FEB1F90E" box="[151,358,1735,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" type="description">
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<paragraph id="732D36952529FFB4FF7EF929FEB1F90E" blockId="8.[151,460,1698,1761]" box="[151,358,1735,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308">
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<figureCitation id="EBA92A102529FFB4FF7EF929FF0CF90E" box="[151,219,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURES 6" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1023,1047]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6A−L. Conothele isan spec. nov., holotype male. A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C Tarsus of right leg I, retrolateral. D–E Distal part of forelegs, ventral (D leg I, E leg II). F–G Left tibia and patella III (F prolateral, G prolateral; note absence of saddle-crescent). H−K Right palpal organ, clock-wise rotated by 90° (H ventral, I prolateral, J dorsal, K retrolateral). L Harpoon-shaped embolus tip, retrolateral. Abbreviatons: ct—clavate trichobothria, dr—ventro-lateral spine rows on both sides of tibia, fr—full row of spines on tibia, it—inflated tarsus, sc—scopula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927339/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="308">Figs 6</figureCitation>
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A−L, 7A−H
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3B88651E2529FFB5FF7EF8E1FE65FAD7" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="309" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="732D36952529FFB4FF7EF8E1FA59F87A" blockId="8.[151,1436,1806,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308">
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<emphasis id="41E6EA872529FFB4FF7EF8E1FE90F8C7" bold="true" box="[151,327,1806,1833]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="C3FA3CC82529FFB4FEA6F8E0FD28F89E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3336462307" collectingDate="2004-12-18" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="P. J. Schwendinger" country="Thailand" county="Buri Ram District" elevation="240" latitude="14.9378" location="Khao Kradong Forest" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="103.0937" municipality="Khao Kradong Forest Park" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Buriram" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="41E6EA872529FFB4FEA6F8E0FD32F8C6" bold="true" box="[335,741,1806,1833]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308">
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<collectingCountry id="0B8576052529FFB4FEA6F8E0FE31F8C7" box="[335,486,1806,1832]" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="308">THAILAND</collectingCountry>
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:
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<emphasis id="41E6EA872529FFB4FE11F8E1FD0BF8C6" bold="true" box="[504,732,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="308">
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<collectingRegion id="B156F8772529FFB4FE11F8E1FD0BF8C6" box="[504,732,1807,1833]" country="Thailand" name="Buriram" pageId="8" pageNumber="308">Buri Ram Province</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="AC2988372529FFB4FD07F8E1FC81F8C6" box="[750,854,1807,1833]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="6594FD1C2529FFB4FCB6F8E1FCA3F8C6" box="[863,884,1807,1833]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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(PS-005, sample TH-04/19,
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<collectionCode id="1583AE502529FFB4FB57F8E1FACFF8C6" box="[1214,1304,1807,1833]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
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),
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<collectingCounty id="9A4C4E192529FFB4FAC4F8E1FF39F8A2" pageId="8" pageNumber="308">Buri Ram District</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="9349ACEF2529FFB4FF13F8DDFDF9F8A2" box="[250,558,1843,1869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308">
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<location id="764D604E2529FFB4FF13F8DDFE38F8A2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB3B87832529FFB0FF7EF94CFC81FF16:764D604E2529FFB4FF13F8DDFE38F8A2" box="[250,495,1843,1869]" country="Thailand" county="Buri Ram District" latitude="14.9378" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="103.0937" municipality="Khao Kradong Forest Park" name="Khao Kradong Forest" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" stateProvince="Buriram">Khao Kradong Forest</location>
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Park
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</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="16A650522529FFB4FDD3F8DDFD60F8A2" box="[570,695,1843,1869]" degrees="14.9378" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" precision="5" value="14.9378">14.9378°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="16A650522529FFB4FD2DF8DDFC9BF8A2" box="[708,844,1843,1869]" degrees="103.0937" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" precision="5" value="103.0937">103.0937°E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="B46A9B702529FFB4FCB1F8DDFC0FF8A2" box="[856,984,1843,1869]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" unit="m" value="240.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="180.0">
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<elevation id="F8BFD1A62529FFB4FCB1F8DDFC0FF8A2" box="[856,984,1843,1869]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" unit="m" value="240.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="180.0">180–300 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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elevation,
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<collectorName id="DE6753432529FFB4FBBFF8DDFAF3F8A2" box="[1110,1316,1843,1869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308">P.J. Schwendinger</collectorName>
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leg. as juvenile 16.+
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<date id="072C10552529FFB4FEF9F8B9FE41F89E" box="[272,406,1879,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" value="2004-12-18">
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||
<collectingDate id="1768E9BD2529FFB4FEF9F8B9FE41F89E" box="[272,406,1879,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" value="2004-12-18">18.12.2004</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, matured in captivity
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<date id="072C10552529FFB4FD60F8B8FD2CF89E" box="[649,763,1878,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" value="2005-11-02">11.2.2005</date>
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||
.
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="C3FA3CC82529FFB4FCECF8B9FA5DF87A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3334675302" collectingDate="2004-12-18" collectingDateMax="2005-12-15" collectingDateMin="2004-12-18" collectionCode="THNHM, MHNG" collectorName="P. J. Schwendinger" country="Thailand" county="Buri Ram District" elevation="240" latitude="14.9378" location="Khao Kradong Forest" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="103.0937" municipality="Khao Kradong Forest Park" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4" stateProvince="Buriram" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872529FFB4FCECF8B9FC51F89E" bold="true" box="[773,902,1879,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308">
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||
<typeStatus id="AC2988372529FFB4FCECF8B9FC56F89E" box="[773,897,1879,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCount id="6594FD1C2529FFB4FC64F8B9FC60F89E" box="[909,951,1879,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
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<typeStatus id="AC2988372529FFB4FC54F8B9FBFFF89E" box="[957,1064,1879,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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(
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||
<specimenCount id="6594FD1C2529FFB4FBD2F8B9FBB2F89E" box="[1083,1125,1879,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
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||
: PS-006, sample TH-05/18,
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||
<date id="072C10552529FFB4FF7EF894FEC0F87A" box="[151,279,1914,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" value="2005-12-15">
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||
<collectingDate id="1768E9BD2529FFB4FF7EF894FEC0F87A" box="[151,279,1914,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" value="2005-12-15">15.12.2005</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="1583AE502529FFB4FECAF895FE5AF87A" box="[291,397,1915,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308">THNHM</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="6594FD1C2529FFB4FE71F895FE13F87A" box="[408,452,1915,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
: PS-007, sample TH-04/19, 16.+
|
||
<date id="072C10552529FFB4FCD8F895FC60F87A" box="[817,951,1915,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" value="2004-12-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="1768E9BD2529FFB4FCD8F895FC60F87A" box="[817,951,1915,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" value="2004-12-18">18.12.2004</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="1583AE502529FFB4FC2BF895FBCBF87A" box="[962,1052,1915,1941]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="8" pageNumber="308" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
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), with same data as for holotype
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="27ED661D2528FFB5FF7EFC11FC70FB48" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927339" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927339/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" startId="9.[151,264,1023,1047]" targetBox="[150,1437,181,998]" targetPageId="9">
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<paragraph id="732D36952528FFB5FF7EFC11FC70FB48" blockId="9.[151,1437,1023,1191]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">
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<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FF7EFC11FE83FBF8" bold="true" box="[151,340,1023,1047]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">FIGURES 6A−L.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162528FFB5FEB4FC11FE20FBF8" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[349,503,1023,1047]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isan" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FEB4FC11FE20FBF8" box="[349,503,1023,1047]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">Conothele isan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FDE9FC11FDBEFBF8" bold="true" box="[512,617,1023,1047]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC2528FFB5FDE9FC11FDBEFBF8" box="[512,617,1023,1047]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, holotype male. A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C Tarsus of right leg I, retrolateral. D–E Distal part of forelegs, ventral (D leg I, E leg II). F–G Left tibia and patella III (F prolateral, G prolateral; note absence of saddle-crescent). H−K Right palpal organ, clock-wise rotated by 90° (H ventral, I prolateral, J dorsal, K retrolateral). L Harpoon-shaped embolus tip, retrolateral. Abbreviatons: ct
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FCFDFB85FCFAFB6C" bold="true" box="[788,813,1131,1155]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">—</emphasis>
|
||
clavate trichobothria, dr
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FBCEFB85FB97FB6C" bold="true" box="[1063,1088,1131,1155]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">—</emphasis>
|
||
ventro-lateral spine rows on both sides of tibia, fr
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FEDFFB61FE98FB48" bold="true" box="[310,335,1167,1191]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">—</emphasis>
|
||
full row of spines on tibia, it
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FD86FB61FD5FFB48" bold="true" box="[623,648,1167,1191]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">—</emphasis>
|
||
inflated tarsus, sc
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FCD0FB61FC85FB48" bold="true" box="[825,850,1167,1191]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">—</emphasis>
|
||
scopula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="732D36952528FFB5FF2EFB3BFE65FAD7" blockId="9.[151,1437,1237,2020]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FF2EFB3BFDE0FB00" bold="true" box="[199,567,1237,1263]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C3FA3CC82528FFB5FDD6FB3BFE65FAD7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3336462308" collectingDate="2013-06-15" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="P. J. Schwendinger" country="Thailand" elevation="420" latitude="16.3644" location="Tham Pha Nam Thip Non-Hunting Area" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="104.3258" municipality="Nong Phok District" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Roi Et">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FDD6FB3BFC7BFB00" bold="true" box="[575,940,1237,1264]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0B8576052528FFB5FDD6FB3BFD01FB00" box="[575,726,1237,1263]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">THAILAND</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FD01FB3BFC74FB00" bold="true" box="[744,931,1237,1264]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B156F8772528FFB5FD01FB3BFC74FB00" box="[744,931,1237,1264]" country="Thailand" name="Roi Et" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">Roi Et Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="6594FD1C2528FFB5FC5CFB3BFC37FB1F" box="[949,992,1237,1264]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(sample THKH-12/02,
|
||
<collectionCode id="1583AE502528FFB5FB19FB3BFA9DFB00" box="[1264,1354,1237,1263]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="9349ACEF2528FFB5FAB7FB38FEE7FAFC" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">Nong Phok District</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="764D604E2528FFB5FED4FB17FCDCFAFB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB3B87832529FFB0FF7EF94CFC81FF16:764D604E2528FFB5FED4FB17FCDCFAFB" box="[317,779,1273,1300]" country="Thailand" latitude="16.3644" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="104.3258" municipality="Nong Phok District" name="Tham Pha Nam Thip Non-Hunting Area" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" stateProvince="Roi Et">Tham Pha Nam Thip Non-Hunting Area</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16A650522528FFB5FCF1FB17FC42FAFC" box="[792,917,1273,1299]" degrees="16.3644" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" precision="5" value="16.3644">16.3644°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16A650522528FFB5FC4BFB17FBFDFAFB" box="[930,1066,1273,1300]" degrees="104.3258" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" precision="5" value="104.3258">104.3258°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="B46A9B702528FFB5FBDEFB17FBA8FAFB" box="[1079,1151,1273,1300]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" unit="m" value="420.0">
|
||
<elevation id="F8BFD1A62528FFB5FBDEFB17FBA8FAFB" box="[1079,1151,1273,1300]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" unit="m" value="420.0">420 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
elevation,
|
||
<collectorName id="DE6753432528FFB5FB17FB14FF06FAD8" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">P.J. Schwendinger</collectorName>
|
||
leg. 12.+
|
||
<date id="072C10552528FFB5FEDFFAF3FE79FAD7" box="[310,430,1309,1336]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" value="2013-06-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="1768E9BD2528FFB5FEDFFAF3FE79FAD7" box="[310,430,1309,1336]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" value="2013-06-15">15.6.2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3B88651E2528FFB5FF2EFAAFFC1AFA90" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="732D36952528FFB5FF2EFAAFFC1AFA90" blockId="9.[151,1437,1237,2020]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FF2EFAAFFE99FAB4" bold="true" box="[199,334,1345,1371]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species epithet, a name in apposition, refers to northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0B8576052528FFB5FBF3FAAFFB57FAB4" box="[1050,1152,1345,1371]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, locally called the Isan (= Isarn or Esarn), the geographic region where this species was discovered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3B88651E2528FFB5FF2EFA67FE17F92B" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="732D36952528FFB5FF2EFA67FE17F92B" blockId="9.[151,1437,1237,2020]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FF2EFA67FE95FA4C" bold="true" box="[199,322,1417,1443]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Different in both sexes from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162528FFB5FD66FA64FCC5FA4C" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[655,786,1418,1444]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FD66FA64FCC5FA4C" box="[655,786,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">C. martensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FCF3FA67FC5AFA4C" bold="true" box="[794,909,1417,1443]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC2528FFB5FCF3FA67FC5AFA4C" box="[794,909,1417,1443]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by the profile of the carapace with a relatively less strongly elevated cephalic part sloping gradually down past the fovea and continuing in a straight line over the thoracic part to the posterior margin of the carapace (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A102528FFB5FD0EFA3FFC95FA04" box="[743,834,1489,1515]" captionStart="FIGURES 6" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1023,1047]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6A−L. Conothele isan spec. nov., holotype male. A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C Tarsus of right leg I, retrolateral. D–E Distal part of forelegs, ventral (D leg I, E leg II). F–G Left tibia and patella III (F prolateral, G prolateral; note absence of saddle-crescent). H−K Right palpal organ, clock-wise rotated by 90° (H ventral, I prolateral, J dorsal, K retrolateral). L Harpoon-shaped embolus tip, retrolateral. Abbreviatons: ct—clavate trichobothria, dr—ventro-lateral spine rows on both sides of tibia, fr—full row of spines on tibia, it—inflated tarsus, sc—scopula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927339/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A102528FFB5FCA7FA3CFCA6FA03" box="[846,881,1490,1516]" captionStart="FIGURES 7" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1565,1589]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,705,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-282@10.[152,1435,705,1542]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 7A−H. Conothele isan spec. nov., females (A−F paratype PS-007; G Tham Phra Namthip, 420 m; H paratype PS- 006). A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C–D Left tibia III (C retrolateral, D prolateral). E Spinnerets, ventral. F−H Vari- ation in the tripartite spermathecae of three specimens (note bent medial part and mediad globular apical part). Abbreviatons: ho—bent medial part of spermathecae, ms—macrospigots on proximal and medial article of PLS, rsc—reduced saddle-crescent, sc—distinct saddle-crescent." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927341/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">7B</figureCitation>
|
||
), and by the spermathecae that are hooked (rather than twisted) in the median portion and have the globular heads directed inwards rather than forwards (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A102528FFB5FAC8FA1BFABFF9FF" box="[1313,1384,1525,1552]" captionStart="FIGURES 7" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1565,1589]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,705,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-282@10.[152,1435,705,1542]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 7A−H. Conothele isan spec. nov., females (A−F paratype PS-007; G Tham Phra Namthip, 420 m; H paratype PS- 006). A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C–D Left tibia III (C retrolateral, D prolateral). E Spinnerets, ventral. F−H Vari- ation in the tripartite spermathecae of three specimens (note bent medial part and mediad globular apical part). Abbreviatons: ho—bent medial part of spermathecae, ms—macrospigots on proximal and medial article of PLS, rsc—reduced saddle-crescent, sc—distinct saddle-crescent." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927341/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">Figs 7</figureCitation>
|
||
F−H cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A102528FFB5FF53F9F7FF29F9DB" box="[186,254,1561,1588]" captionStart="FIGURES 5" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1387,1411]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,633,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-246@7.[152,1435,633,1364]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 5A−M. Conothele martensi spec. nov., females (A−F paratype PS-001A; G paratype PS-001B; H paratype PS- 001D; I Chiang Dao, 400 m; J paratype PS-001C; K Doi Saket, 400 m; L Ban Pong, 300 m; M Doi Suthep, 580 m). A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C–D Right tibia and patella III (C prolateral, D retrolateral; note tibia-saddle and reduced saddlecrescent). E Spinnerets, ventral. F–K Variation in the tripartite spermathecae of eight specimens (note twisted medial part and anteriad globular apical part). Abbreviatons: ms—macrospigots on proximal and median article of PLS, rsc—reduced saddlecrescent, sc—saddle-crescent, tw—twisted medial part of spermathecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927337/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
F−K). Further differences are found in the ventro-lateral spine patterns on the anterior metatarsi and tibiae of males (more spines present; retroventral spine row on tibia II present vs. absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162528FFB5FBB7F9D0FB36F9B8" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[1118,1249,1598,1624]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FBB7F9D0FB36F9B8" box="[1118,1249,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">C. martensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FB00F9D3FA8BF9B8" bold="true" box="[1257,1372,1597,1623]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC2528FFB5FB00F9D3FA8BF9B8" box="[1257,1372,1597,1623]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A102528FFB5FA85F9D3FF73F994" captionStart="FIGURES 6" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1023,1047]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6A−L. Conothele isan spec. nov., holotype male. A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C Tarsus of right leg I, retrolateral. D–E Distal part of forelegs, ventral (D leg I, E leg II). F–G Left tibia and patella III (F prolateral, G prolateral; note absence of saddle-crescent). H−K Right palpal organ, clock-wise rotated by 90° (H ventral, I prolateral, J dorsal, K retrolateral). L Harpoon-shaped embolus tip, retrolateral. Abbreviatons: ct—clavate trichobothria, dr—ventro-lateral spine rows on both sides of tibia, fr—full row of spines on tibia, it—inflated tarsus, sc—scopula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927339/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D−E cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A102528FFB5FEEDF98FFE9EF994" box="[260,329,1633,1659]" captionStart="FIGURES 4" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[204,1384,186,973]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[204,1384,181,978]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4A−L. Conothele martensi spec. nov., holotype male. A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C Left tarsus I, retrolateral. D–E Distal part of forelegs, ventral (D leg I, E leg II). F–G Left tibia and patella III (F retrolateral, G prolateral). H−K Right palpal organ, clock-wise rotated by 90° (H ventral, I prolateral, J dorsal, K retrolateral). L Harpoon-shaped embolus tip. ab—spine row absent, dh—spines in distal half of tibia only, ne—narrowing of embolus, rsc—reduced saddle-crescent, st—slightly swollen tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927335/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D−E), in the morphology of the embolus (without abrupt narrowing at midpoint;
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A102528FFB5FB3BF98FFA95F993" box="[1234,1346,1633,1660]" captionStart="FIGURES 6" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1023,1047]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6A−L. Conothele isan spec. nov., holotype male. A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C Tarsus of right leg I, retrolateral. D–E Distal part of forelegs, ventral (D leg I, E leg II). F–G Left tibia and patella III (F prolateral, G prolateral; note absence of saddle-crescent). H−K Right palpal organ, clock-wise rotated by 90° (H ventral, I prolateral, J dorsal, K retrolateral). L Harpoon-shaped embolus tip, retrolateral. Abbreviatons: ct—clavate trichobothria, dr—ventro-lateral spine rows on both sides of tibia, fr—full row of spines on tibia, it—inflated tarsus, sc—scopula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927339/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">Figs 6I, K</figureCitation>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A102528FFB5FA85F98FFF04F94F" captionStart="FIGURES 4" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[204,1384,186,973]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[204,1384,181,978]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4A−L. Conothele martensi spec. nov., holotype male. A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C Left tarsus I, retrolateral. D–E Distal part of forelegs, ventral (D leg I, E leg II). F–G Left tibia and patella III (F retrolateral, G prolateral). H−K Right palpal organ, clock-wise rotated by 90° (H ventral, I prolateral, J dorsal, K retrolateral). L Harpoon-shaped embolus tip. ab—spine row absent, dh—spines in distal half of tibia only, ne—narrowing of embolus, rsc—reduced saddle-crescent, st—slightly swollen tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927335/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">Figs 4I, K</figureCitation>
|
||
) and in the PLE being relatively large in comparison to the ALE (PLE/ALE =
|
||
<quantity id="B46A9B702528FFB5FBAAF96BFB54F970" box="[1091,1155,1669,1695]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" unit="in" value="0.6">0.6 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162528FFB5FB63F968FB0EF970" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[1162,1241,1670,1696]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isan" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FB63F968FB0EF970" box="[1162,1241,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">C. isan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FB09F96BFA85F970" bold="true" box="[1248,1362,1669,1695]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC2528FFB5FB09F96BFA85F970" box="[1248,1362,1669,1695]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
vs
|
||
<quantity id="B46A9B702528FFB5FA90F96BFF7AF92C" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7779999999999998" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" unit="in" value="0.7">0.7 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162528FFB5FF5DF944FEE0F92C" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[180,311,1706,1732]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FF5DF944FEE0F92C" box="[180,311,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">C. martensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FED7F947FE67F92C" bold="true" box="[318,432,1705,1731]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC2528FFB5FED7F947FE67F92C" box="[318,432,1705,1731]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3B88651E2528FFB7FF2EF923FD8DFB92" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="732D36952528FFB5FF2EF923FC6BF898" blockId="9.[151,1437,1237,2020]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FF2EF923FE49F908" bold="true" box="[199,414,1741,1767]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">Description. Male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC2988372528FFB5FE47F923FDC0F907" box="[430,535,1741,1768]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
). Specimen preserved for 16 years in 70% ethanol in good condition (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A102528FFB5FADAF923FA58F907" box="[1331,1423,1741,1768]" captionStart="FIGURES 6" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1023,1047]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6A−L. Conothele isan spec. nov., holotype male. A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C Tarsus of right leg I, retrolateral. D–E Distal part of forelegs, ventral (D leg I, E leg II). F–G Left tibia and patella III (F prolateral, G prolateral; note absence of saddle-crescent). H−K Right palpal organ, clock-wise rotated by 90° (H ventral, I prolateral, J dorsal, K retrolateral). L Harpoon-shaped embolus tip, retrolateral. Abbreviatons: ct—clavate trichobothria, dr—ventro-lateral spine rows on both sides of tibia, fr—full row of spines on tibia, it—inflated tarsus, sc—scopula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927339/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
); right palpal organ removed for study and kept in microvial. General colouration: carapace and chelicerae blackish brown; dorsal side of opisthosoma dark grey, with fine light grey speckles, ventral side anterior of epigastric furrow, book-lung covers and spinnerets cream-coloured; legs yellowish brown, anterior legs slightly darker than posteriors; palps dark brown; sternum yellow, with sharply outlined brown margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="732D36952528FFB6FF2EF86FFBCAFD46" blockId="9.[151,1437,1237,2020]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,682]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="310" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">
|
||
Morphology: Carapace (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A102528FFB5FE30F86FFDF7F873" box="[473,544,1921,1948]" captionStart="FIGURES 6" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1023,1047]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6A−L. Conothele isan spec. nov., holotype male. A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C Tarsus of right leg I, retrolateral. D–E Distal part of forelegs, ventral (D leg I, E leg II). F–G Left tibia and patella III (F prolateral, G prolateral; note absence of saddle-crescent). H−K Right palpal organ, clock-wise rotated by 90° (H ventral, I prolateral, J dorsal, K retrolateral). L Harpoon-shaped embolus tip, retrolateral. Abbreviatons: ct—clavate trichobothria, dr—ventro-lateral spine rows on both sides of tibia, fr—full row of spines on tibia, it—inflated tarsus, sc—scopula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927339/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A−B), except for lower profile of cephalic part (see diagnosis), as described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162528FFB5FF7EF848FECDF850" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,282,1958,1984]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FF7EF848FECDF850" box="[151,282,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">C. martensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872528FFB5FEC8F84BFE44F850" bold="true" box="[289,403,1957,1983]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC2528FFB5FEC8F84BFE44F850" box="[289,403,1957,1983]" pageId="9" pageNumber="309" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Ocular tubercle steep; clypeus short; eye group rectangular, twice as wide as long (EL/PR = 0.50); AME less than their diameter apart from each other (disAME/diaAME = 0.72); PR straight. Chelicera with small apical rastellum; fangs smooth (possibly a diagnostic difference from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252BFFB6FC1AFF79FBA1FF5F" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[1011,1142,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252BFFB6FC1AFF79FBA1FF5F" box="[1011,1142,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">C. martensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252BFFB6FB97FF79FB25FF5E" bold="true" box="[1150,1266,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC252BFFB6FB97FF79FB25FF5E" box="[1150,1266,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, its male
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC298837252BFFB6FA88FF79FF10FF3A" pageId="10" pageNumber="310" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with serrated fangs; see above). Palpal coxae with 16 cuspules spread over proximal half of article; prolateraldistal lobe short and rounded. Labium with two distal cuspules; labio-sternal suture deep and procurved. Sternum and most parts of palps (except for palpal organ) as in male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252BFFB6FC85FEEDFC26FEF3" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[876,1009,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252BFFB6FC85FEEDFC26FEF3" box="[876,1009,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">C. martensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252BFFB6FC13FEEDFBB9FEF2" bold="true" box="[1018,1134,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC252BFFB6FC13FEEDFBB9FEF2" box="[1018,1134,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Palpal organ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A10252BFFB6FAFCFEEDFA8AFEF1" box="[1301,1373,259,286]" captionStart="FIGURES 6" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1023,1047]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6A−L. Conothele isan spec. nov., holotype male. A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C Tarsus of right leg I, retrolateral. D–E Distal part of forelegs, ventral (D leg I, E leg II). F–G Left tibia and patella III (F prolateral, G prolateral; note absence of saddle-crescent). H−K Right palpal organ, clock-wise rotated by 90° (H ventral, I prolateral, J dorsal, K retrolateral). L Harpoon-shaped embolus tip, retrolateral. Abbreviatons: ct—clavate trichobothria, dr—ventro-lateral spine rows on both sides of tibia, fr—full row of spines on tibia, it—inflated tarsus, sc—scopula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927339/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
H−L) with bulbous proximal part almost as wide as long (BuW/GL = 0.96); embolus thin and evenly tapering, with a harpoon-shaped tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A10252BFFB6FE95FEA5FE05FE89" box="[380,466,331,358]" captionStart="FIGURES 6" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1023,1047]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6A−L. Conothele isan spec. nov., holotype male. A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C Tarsus of right leg I, retrolateral. D–E Distal part of forelegs, ventral (D leg I, E leg II). F–G Left tibia and patella III (F prolateral, G prolateral; note absence of saddle-crescent). H−K Right palpal organ, clock-wise rotated by 90° (H ventral, I prolateral, J dorsal, K retrolateral). L Harpoon-shaped embolus tip, retrolateral. Abbreviatons: ct—clavate trichobothria, dr—ventro-lateral spine rows on both sides of tibia, fr—full row of spines on tibia, it—inflated tarsus, sc—scopula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927339/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">Fig. 6L</figureCitation>
|
||
), mostly as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252BFFB6FD98FEA5FD24FE8B" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[625,755,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252BFFB6FD98FEA5FD24FE8B" box="[625,755,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">C. martensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252BFFB6FD10FEA5FCBCFE8A" bold="true" box="[761,875,331,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC252BFFB6FD10FEA5FCBCFE8A" box="[761,875,331,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but without uneven narrowing halfway. Legs I−II: scopulate tarsi proximally inflated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A10252BFFB6FDC0FE81FD55FE65" box="[553,642,367,394]" captionStart="FIGURES 6" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1023,1047]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6A−L. Conothele isan spec. nov., holotype male. A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C Tarsus of right leg I, retrolateral. D–E Distal part of forelegs, ventral (D leg I, E leg II). F–G Left tibia and patella III (F prolateral, G prolateral; note absence of saddle-crescent). H−K Right palpal organ, clock-wise rotated by 90° (H ventral, I prolateral, J dorsal, K retrolateral). L Harpoon-shaped embolus tip, retrolateral. Abbreviatons: ct—clavate trichobothria, dr—ventro-lateral spine rows on both sides of tibia, fr—full row of spines on tibia, it—inflated tarsus, sc—scopula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927339/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
); short lateral spines present on tarsi, metatarsi and tibiae; few clavate trichobothria dorsally in proximal half of tarsi, more ventro-lateral spines on metatarsi and tibiae of anterior legs than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252BFFB6FF03FE59FEBAFE3F" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[234,365,439,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252BFFB6FF03FE59FEBAFE3F" box="[234,365,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">C. martensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252BFFB6FE9AFE59FE32FE3E" bold="true" box="[371,485,439,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC252BFFB6FE9AFE59FE32FE3E" box="[371,485,439,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A10252BFFB6FE1DFE59FDEEFE3E" box="[500,569,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 6" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1023,1047]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6A−L. Conothele isan spec. nov., holotype male. A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C Tarsus of right leg I, retrolateral. D–E Distal part of forelegs, ventral (D leg I, E leg II). F–G Left tibia and patella III (F prolateral, G prolateral; note absence of saddle-crescent). H−K Right palpal organ, clock-wise rotated by 90° (H ventral, I prolateral, J dorsal, K retrolateral). L Harpoon-shaped embolus tip, retrolateral. Abbreviatons: ct—clavate trichobothria, dr—ventro-lateral spine rows on both sides of tibia, fr—full row of spines on tibia, it—inflated tarsus, sc—scopula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927339/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D−E cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A10252BFFB6FD70FE59FD09FE3E" box="[665,734,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 4" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[204,1384,186,973]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[204,1384,181,978]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4A−L. Conothele martensi spec. nov., holotype male. A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C Left tarsus I, retrolateral. D–E Distal part of forelegs, ventral (D leg I, E leg II). F–G Left tibia and patella III (F retrolateral, G prolateral). H−K Right palpal organ, clock-wise rotated by 90° (H ventral, I prolateral, J dorsal, K retrolateral). L Harpoon-shaped embolus tip. ab—spine row absent, dh—spines in distal half of tibia only, ne—narrowing of embolus, rsc—reduced saddle-crescent, st—slightly swollen tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927335/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D−E). Leg III with shallow, glabrous saddle-shaped dorsal depression in tibia, saddle crescents indistinct/absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A10252BFFB6FD3DFE35FC87FE19" box="[724,848,475,502]" captionStart="FIGURES 6" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1023,1047]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6A−L. Conothele isan spec. nov., holotype male. A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C Tarsus of right leg I, retrolateral. D–E Distal part of forelegs, ventral (D leg I, E leg II). F–G Left tibia and patella III (F prolateral, G prolateral; note absence of saddle-crescent). H−K Right palpal organ, clock-wise rotated by 90° (H ventral, I prolateral, J dorsal, K retrolateral). L Harpoon-shaped embolus tip, retrolateral. Abbreviatons: ct—clavate trichobothria, dr—ventro-lateral spine rows on both sides of tibia, fr—full row of spines on tibia, it—inflated tarsus, sc—scopula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927339/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">Figs 6F–G</figureCitation>
|
||
); spine groups dorso-distally on metatarsus and tibia; patella with strong, short spines prodorsally. Leg IV slender, with weak spines on metatarsus; metatarsus longer than tibia (MetIV/TibIV = 1.2). PTC of anterior legs with a single proximal tooth, of posterior legs with one large and one small tooth. Leg formula 4123. Opisthosoma ovoid, anteriorly narrowing, carrying evenly spread, short stiff bristles; wart-like sockets not evident (possibly a diagnostic difference from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252BFFB6FC1FFD85FBAEFD6B" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[1014,1145,619,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252BFFB6FC1FFD85FBAEFD6B" box="[1014,1145,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">C. martensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252BFFB6FB69FD85FB24FD6A" bold="true" box="[1152,1267,619,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC252BFFB6FB69FD85FB24FD6A" box="[1152,1267,619,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, its male types possessing wart-like sockets; see above). Spinnerets as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252BFFB6FCC9FD61FC74FD47" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[800,931,655,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252BFFB6FCC9FD61FC74FD47" box="[800,931,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">C. martensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252BFFB6FC43FD61FBCAFD46" bold="true" box="[938,1053,655,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC252BFFB6FC43FD61FBCAFD46" box="[938,1053,655,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="27ED661D252BFFB6FF7EF9F3FE6DF92A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927341" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927341/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="310" startId="10.[151,264,1565,1589]" targetBox="[152,1435,705,1542]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="732D3695252BFFB6FF7EF9F3FE6DF92A" blockId="10.[151,1437,1565,1733]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252BFFB6FF7EF9F3FE81F9DA" bold="true" box="[151,342,1565,1589]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">FIGURES 7A−H.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252BFFB6FEB4F9F3FE21F9DA" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[349,502,1565,1589]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isan" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252BFFB6FEB4F9F3FE21F9DA" box="[349,502,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">Conothele isan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252BFFB6FE14F9F3FDB3F9DA" bold="true" box="[509,612,1565,1589]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC252BFFB6FE14F9F3FDB3F9DA" box="[509,612,1565,1589]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, females (A−F paratype PS-007; G Tham Phra Namthip, 420 m; H paratype PS- 006). A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C–D Left tibia III (C retrolateral, D prolateral). E Spinnerets, ventral. F−H Variation in the tripartite spermathecae of three specimens (note bent medial part and mediad globular apical part). Abbreviatons: ho—bent medial part of spermathecae, ms
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252BFFB6FDD6F967FD8FF94E" bold="true" box="[575,600,1673,1697]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">—</emphasis>
|
||
macrospigots on proximal and medial article of PLS, rsc
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252BFFB6FB62F967FB73F94E" bold="true" box="[1163,1188,1673,1697]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">—</emphasis>
|
||
reduced saddle-crescent, sc
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252BFFB6FF45F943FF12F92A" bold="true" box="[172,197,1709,1733]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">—</emphasis>
|
||
distinct saddle-crescent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="732D3695252BFFB6FF2EF91DFF07F872" blockId="10.[151,1437,1779,2021]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252BFFB6FF2EF91DFEA9F8E2" bold="true" box="[199,382,1779,1805]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
TBL 12.4; CL 5.4; CW 5.1; CP 3.7; AR 1.17; PR 1.17; EL 0.59; diaALE 0.35; diaPLE 0.21; diaAME 0.18; diaPME 0.22; disALE 0.64; disPLE 0.87; disAME 0.13; disPME 0.43; SL 3.1; SW 2.7; LL 0.5; LW 1.0; palp 8.6 (1.1 + 2.5 + 1.8 + 3.2); leg I 12.5 (1.1 + 1.8 + 2.7 + 2.3 + 4.6); leg II 11.3 (1.3 + 1.7 + 2.3 + 2.1 + 3.9); leg III 10.1 (1.5 + 1.6 + 2.0 + 1.8 + 3.2); leg IV 13.4 (1.6 + 2.9 + 2.5 + 2.1 + 4.3); BuL 1.92; BuW 0.75; EmL 1.14.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="732D3695252BFFB6FF2EF849FD57F80A" blockId="10.[151,1437,1779,2021]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252BFFB6FF2EF849FEC9F82E" bold="true" box="[199,286,1959,1985]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC298837252BFFB6FEC5F849FE45F82E" box="[300,402,1959,1985]" pageId="10" pageNumber="310" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
; PS-007): Specimen preserved for 16 years in 70% ethanol in good condition (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A10252BFFB6FB11F849FA86F82E" box="[1272,1361,1959,1985]" captionStart="FIGURES 7" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1565,1589]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,705,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-282@10.[152,1435,705,1542]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 7A−H. Conothele isan spec. nov., females (A−F paratype PS-007; G Tham Phra Namthip, 420 m; H paratype PS- 006). A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C–D Left tibia III (C retrolateral, D prolateral). E Spinnerets, ventral. F−H Vari- ation in the tripartite spermathecae of three specimens (note bent medial part and mediad globular apical part). Abbreviatons: ho—bent medial part of spermathecae, ms—macrospigots on proximal and medial article of PLS, rsc—reduced saddle-crescent, sc—distinct saddle-crescent." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927341/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="310">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
); spermathecae dissected and stored in microvial.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="732D3695252AFFB7FF2EFF79FC1EFF16" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">General colouration: carapace, chelicerae, legs and palps brown; dorsal side of opisthosoma dark grey, with fine light grey speckles, ventral side, book-lung covers and spinnerets yellowish white; sternum yellow, with sharply outlined brown margin; carapace and sternum with distinct grey shading.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="732D3695252AFFB7FF2EFEEDFC01FCD6" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">
|
||
Morphology: Carapace (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A10252AFFB7FE3EFEEDFD84FEF2" box="[471,595,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 7" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1565,1589]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,705,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-282@10.[152,1435,705,1542]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 7A−H. Conothele isan spec. nov., females (A−F paratype PS-007; G Tham Phra Namthip, 420 m; H paratype PS- 006). A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C–D Left tibia III (C retrolateral, D prolateral). E Spinnerets, ventral. F−H Vari- ation in the tripartite spermathecae of three specimens (note bent medial part and mediad globular apical part). Abbreviatons: ho—bent medial part of spermathecae, ms—macrospigots on proximal and medial article of PLS, rsc—reduced saddle-crescent, sc—distinct saddle-crescent." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927341/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">Figs 7A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
) smooth, longer than wide (CW/CL = 0.9), otherwise as described for male. Eyes as in male. Chelicerae carrying an apical rastellum composed of a curved row of 9–10 strong teeth on a low process; fangs ventrally with fine serration. Palpal coxae with 15–17 cuspules spread over proximal half of article; prolateral-distal lobe rudimentary. Labium, labio-sternal suture and sternum as in male. Labium with two distal cuspules. Palps as described above for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FDCFFE7DFD61FE42" authorityName="Ortiz" authorityYear="2007" box="[550,694,403,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ummidiinae">Ummidiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; claw with strong and bifid proximal tooth. Legs I−II as described above for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FEE2FE59FE4CFE3E" authorityName="Ortiz" authorityYear="2007" box="[267,411,439,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ummidiinae">Ummidiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Leg III with tarsus carrying a dense disto-ventral group of spines; metatarsus with dorsodistal group of very strong short spines; tibia with short rows of spines along dorso-distal margin, saddle-shaped depression prolaterally bordered by relatively wide saddle crescent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A10252AFFB7FC78FE11FC3CFDF6" box="[913,1003,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 7" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1565,1589]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,705,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-282@10.[152,1435,705,1542]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 7A−H. Conothele isan spec. nov., females (A−F paratype PS-007; G Tham Phra Namthip, 420 m; H paratype PS- 006). A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C–D Left tibia III (C retrolateral, D prolateral). E Spinnerets, ventral. F−H Vari- ation in the tripartite spermathecae of three specimens (note bent medial part and mediad globular apical part). Abbreviatons: ho—bent medial part of spermathecae, ms—macrospigots on proximal and medial article of PLS, rsc—reduced saddle-crescent, sc—distinct saddle-crescent." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927341/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
), retrolaterally by a narrower one (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A10252AFFB7FA86FE11FF6CFDD2" captionStart="FIGURES 7" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1565,1589]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,705,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-282@10.[152,1435,705,1542]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 7A−H. Conothele isan spec. nov., females (A−F paratype PS-007; G Tham Phra Namthip, 420 m; H paratype PS- 006). A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C–D Left tibia III (C retrolateral, D prolateral). E Spinnerets, ventral. F−H Vari- ation in the tripartite spermathecae of three specimens (note bent medial part and mediad globular apical part). Abbreviatons: ho—bent medial part of spermathecae, ms—macrospigots on proximal and medial article of PLS, rsc—reduced saddle-crescent, sc—distinct saddle-crescent." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927341/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
); patella with short strong spines along anterior margin and on prolateral side; femur ventro-proximally inflated; distinct opposing protuberances on dorsal and prolateral sides of trochanter and coxa. Leg IV with patella carrying a prodorsal-proximal group of short stiff bristles. PTC as described above for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FC0AFD85FBA4FD6A" authorityName="Ortiz" authorityYear="2007" box="[995,1139,619,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ummidiinae">Ummidiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Leg formula 4123. Dorsal surface of opisthosoma with wart-like bristle sockets. Spinnerets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A10252AFFB7FC90FD61FC19FD46" box="[889,974,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 7" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1565,1589]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,705,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-282@10.[152,1435,705,1542]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 7A−H. Conothele isan spec. nov., females (A−F paratype PS-007; G Tham Phra Namthip, 420 m; H paratype PS- 006). A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C–D Left tibia III (C retrolateral, D prolateral). E Spinnerets, ventral. F−H Vari- ation in the tripartite spermathecae of three specimens (note bent medial part and mediad globular apical part). Abbreviatons: ho—bent medial part of spermathecae, ms—macrospigots on proximal and medial article of PLS, rsc—reduced saddle-crescent, sc—distinct saddle-crescent." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927341/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||
) as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FBF1FD61FB4CFD47" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[1048,1179,655,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FBF1FD61FB4CFD47" box="[1048,1179,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">C. martensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FB4BFD61FAC3FD46" bold="true" box="[1186,1300,655,681]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC252AFFB7FB4BFD61FAC3FD46" box="[1186,1300,655,681]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Spermathecae tripartite; proximal part narrow and lightly pigmented; median part strongly pigmented, bent inwards, distally widening; distal part globular and inwards-directed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A10252AFFB7FD0FFD39FCEBFD1E" box="[742,828,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 7" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1565,1589]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,705,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-282@10.[152,1435,705,1542]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 7A−H. Conothele isan spec. nov., females (A−F paratype PS-007; G Tham Phra Namthip, 420 m; H paratype PS- 006). A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C–D Left tibia III (C retrolateral, D prolateral). E Spinnerets, ventral. F−H Vari- ation in the tripartite spermathecae of three specimens (note bent medial part and mediad globular apical part). Abbreviatons: ho—bent medial part of spermathecae, ms—macrospigots on proximal and medial article of PLS, rsc—reduced saddle-crescent, sc—distinct saddle-crescent." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927341/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Similar to spermathecae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FB6FFD39FA9BFD1E" box="[1158,1356,727,753]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baisha">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FB6FFD39FA9BFD1E" box="[1158,1356,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">Conothele baisha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FA6AFD39FF3AFCFA" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baoting">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FA6AFD39FF3AFCFA" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">C. baoting</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B156F877252AFFB7FEDBFD15FE54FCFA" box="[306,387,763,789]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">Hainan</collectingRegion>
|
||
Island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0B857605252AFFB7FE35FD15FDC8FCFA" box="[476,543,763,789]" name="China" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17034B64252AFFB7FDC7FD15FD0EFCFA" author="Liu, H. & Xu, X. & Zhang, Z. & Liu, F. & Li, D." box="[558,729,763,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" pagination="133 - 150" refId="ref16793" refString="Liu, H., Xu, X., Zhang, Z., Liu, F. & Li, D. (2019) Four new species of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 (Araneae, Halonoproctidae) from China. ZooKeys, 833, 133 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 833.32736" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Liu
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FDB7FD15FD58FCFA" box="[606,655,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 5G, 6A–F, 7G), of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FC03FD15FB56FCFA" authorityName="X.Xu, C.Xu & Liu" authorityYear="2017" box="[1002,1153,763,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daxinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FC03FD15FB56FCFA" box="[1002,1153,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">C. daxinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Guanxi,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0B857605252AFFB7FACEFD15FABDFCFA" box="[1319,1386,763,789]" name="China" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17034B64252AFFB7FA91FD15FEC5FCD6" author="Xu, X. & Xu, C. & Liu, F. X. & Zhang, Z. T. & Li, D. - Q." pageId="11" pageNumber="311" pagination="63 - 74" refId="ref18635" refString="Xu, X., Xu, C., Liu, F. X., Zhang, Z. T. & Li, D. - Q. (2017) Four new species of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 from mainland China and Laos (Araneae, Ctenizidae). ZooKeys, 643, 63 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 643.10543" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FF7EFCF1FF18FCD6" box="[151,207,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2E) and of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FE2EFCF1FDC5FCD6" box="[455,530,799,825]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vali">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FE2EFCF1FDC5FCD6" box="[455,530,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">C. vali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0B857605252AFFB7FDBFFCF1FD47FCD6" box="[598,656,799,825]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17034B64252AFFB7FD76FCF1FCA6FCD6" author="Siliwal, M. & Nair, M. V. & Molur, S. & Raven, R." box="[671,881,799,825]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref17890" refString="Siliwal, M., Nair, M. V., Molur, S. & Raven, R. (2009). First record of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele (Araneae, Ctenizidae) from India, with a description of two new species. Journal of Arachnology, 37, 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / A 07 - 86.1" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Siliwal
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FD1EFCF1FCFFFCD6" box="[759,808,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 27).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="732D3695252AFFB7FF2EFCADFBCEFC25" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FF2EFCADFEA9FCB2" bold="true" box="[199,382,835,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
TBL 15.7; CL 6.0; CW 5.3; CP 4.1; AR 1.25; PR 1.31; EL 0.66; diaALE 0.42; diaPLE 0.27; diaAME 0.17; diaPME 0.30; disALE 0.57; disPLE 0.92; disAME 0.12; disPME 0.45; SL 3.3; SW 3.1; LL 0.8; LW 2.0; palp 9.0 (1.9 + 1.9 + 1.9 + 3.3); leg I 10.4 (1.0 + 1.4 + 2.1 + 2.4 + 3.5); leg II 9.4 (1.1 + 1.2 + 1.7 + 2.3 + 3.1); leg III 9.1 (1.4 + 1.3 + 1.5 + 1.9 + 3.0); leg IV 11.4 (1.3 + 2.2 + 2.1 + 2.2 + 3.6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="732D3695252AFFB7FF2EFC3CFD8DFB92" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FF2EFC3CFEE8FC03" bold="true" box="[199,319,978,1004]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Females (n = 2): TBL 14.5−15.7; CL 5.3−6.0; CW 4.8−5.3; CP 3.4−4.1;AR 1.10−1.25; PR 1.13−1.31; EL 0.59–0.66; diaALE 0.35−0.42; diaPLE 0.24−0.27; diaAME 0.17−0.19; diaPME 0.22−0.30; disALE 0.51−0.57; disPLE 0.79−0.92; disAME 0.08−0.12; disPME 0.31−0.45; SL 3.0−3.3; SW 2.7−3.1; LL 0.6−0.8; LW 1.0−2.0; palp 7.9−9.0; leg I 8.7−10.4; leg II 8.0−9.4; leg III 7.5−9.1; leg IV 8.8−11.4. Variation in the shape of the spermathecae of
|
||
<specimenCount id="6594FD1C252AFFB7FF5FFB8DFE9CFB92" box="[182,331,1123,1149]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
|
||
is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A10252AFFB7FE30FB8DFDCAFB92" box="[473,541,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 7" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1565,1589]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,705,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-282@10.[152,1435,705,1542]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 7A−H. Conothele isan spec. nov., females (A−F paratype PS-007; G Tham Phra Namthip, 420 m; H paratype PS- 006). A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C–D Left tibia III (C retrolateral, D prolateral). E Spinnerets, ventral. F−H Vari- ation in the tripartite spermathecae of three specimens (note bent medial part and mediad globular apical part). Abbreviatons: ho—bent medial part of spermathecae, ms—macrospigots on proximal and medial article of PLS, rsc—reduced saddle-crescent, sc—distinct saddle-crescent." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927341/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">Figs 7</figureCitation>
|
||
F−H.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3B88651E252AFFB7FF2EFB68FA5CF9BE" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="732D3695252AFFB7FF2EFB68FE24FA2E" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FF2EFB68FE6AFB4F" bold="true" box="[199,445,1158,1185]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">Habitat and biology.</emphasis>
|
||
The type specimens were collected from roadsides in a seasonally dry deciduous forest between 180 and
|
||
<quantity id="B46A9B70252AFFB7FEB2FB45FE76FB2A" box="[347,417,1195,1221]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation, on an inactive and strongly eroded volcano. The non-type female is from a roadside in a lush mixed evergreen-deciduous forest at
|
||
<quantity id="B46A9B70252AFFB7FD38FB21FCCFFB06" box="[721,792,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" unit="m" value="420.0">420 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation. The spiders lived in short burrows (maximally
|
||
<quantity id="B46A9B70252AFFB7FF7EFB1CFF34FAE2" box="[151,227,1266,1293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long) lined with very dense silk and closed by a thin (wafer-type) trapdoor with a maximal length of
|
||
<quantity id="B46A9B70252AFFB7FAB9FB1DFA4BFAE2" box="[1360,1436,1267,1293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" unit="cm" value="1.1">1.1 cm</quantity>
|
||
and a maximal width of
|
||
<quantity id="B46A9B70252AFFB7FE45FAF9FE2BFADE" box="[428,508,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" unit="cm" value="1.6">1.6 cm</quantity>
|
||
. This burrow structure is different from that of the co-occurring
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FB3DFAF9FA4BFADF" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[1236,1436,1303,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Latouchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FB3DFAF9FA4BFADF" box="[1236,1436,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">Latouchia incerta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FF7EFAD5FEDDFABA" bold="true" box="[151,266,1339,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC252AFFB7FF7EFAD5FEDDFABA" box="[151,266,1339,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The male
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC298837252AFFB7FE68FAD5FE34FABA" box="[385,483,1339,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
matured in captivity (in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B156F877252AFFB7FD12FAD5FC85FABA" box="[763,850,1339,1365]" country="Switzerland" name="Geneve" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">Geneva</collectingRegion>
|
||
) in early February, less than two months after being captured. The mating season thus appears to be at the end of the cool part and into the hot part of the dry season. Spiderlings presumably hatch and emerge from maternal burrows at the beginning of the rainy season when prey becomes more abundant again.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="732D3695252AFFB7FF2EFA25FA5CF9BE" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC298837252AFFB7FF15FA25FEE0FA0A" box="[252,311,1483,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">types</typeStatus>
|
||
were collected together with a single female of a second
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FC3EFA25FB73FA0A" box="[983,1188,1483,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FC3EFA25FB9DFA0A" box="[983,1098,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">Conothele</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(with strongly coiled spermathecae) which lived in a short burrow with a second thin trapdoor opening into a blind chamber behind the bottom. Two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FEC4F9FDFE2FF9C2" box="[301,504,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FEC4F9FDFE77F9C2" box="[301,416,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">Conothele</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also co-occur at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC298837252AFFB7FD08F9FDFCC6F9C2" box="[737,785,1555,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FC7BF9FDFBC2F9C3" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[914,1045,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FC7BF9FDFBC2F9C3" box="[914,1045,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">C. martensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FBF5F9FDFB59F9C2" bold="true" box="[1052,1166,1555,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC252AFFB7FBF5F9FDFB59F9C2" box="[1052,1166,1555,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC298837252AFFB7FAF8F9FDFA96F9C2" box="[1297,1345,1555,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FF5FF9D9FED2F9BF" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[182,261,1591,1617]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isan" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FF5FF9D9FED2F9BF" box="[182,261,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">C. isan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FEE5F9D9FEA9F9BE" bold="true" box="[268,382,1591,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC252AFFB7FEE5F9D9FEA9F9BE" box="[268,382,1591,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
even a third ummidiine species can be found,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FC6EF9D9FC23F9BF" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[903,1012,1591,1616]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Latouchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FC6EF9D9FC23F9BF" box="[903,1012,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">L. incerta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FC12F9D9FBBAF9BE" bold="true" box="[1019,1133,1591,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC252AFFB7FC12F9D9FBBAF9BE" box="[1019,1133,1591,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This is quite remarkable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3B88651E252AFFB0FF2EF9B5FC81FF16" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="732D3695252AFFB7FF2EF9B5FAEBF89E" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FF2EF9B5FEC6F99A" bold="true" box="[199,273,1627,1653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">Notes.</emphasis>
|
||
The difficulty in distinguishing some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FD2FF9B5FC85F99A" authorityName="Ortiz" authorityYear="2007" box="[710,850,1627,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ummidiinae">Ummidiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
taxa at the genus level (as discussed above) is also encountered at the species level;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FDEBF991FD54F977" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[514,643,1663,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FDEBF991FD54F977" box="[514,643,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">C. martensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FD61F991FD2EF976" bold="true" box="[648,761,1663,1689]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC252AFFB7FD61F991FD2EF976" box="[648,761,1663,1689]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FCC4F991FCACF977" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[813,891,1663,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isan" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FCC4F991FCACF977" box="[813,891,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">C. isan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FC68F991FC25F976" bold="true" box="[897,1010,1663,1689]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC252AFFB7FC68F991FC25F976" box="[897,1010,1663,1689]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are difficult to distinguish on morphological characters alone. Particularly the male palpal organ, often the morphologically most characteristic structure used to distinguish and taxonomically classify mygalomorph spider species, is very similar in these two species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A10252AFFB7FF76F905FF34F8EA" box="[159,227,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 6" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1023,1047]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[150,1437,181,998]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6A−L. Conothele isan spec. nov., holotype male. A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C Tarsus of right leg I, retrolateral. D–E Distal part of forelegs, ventral (D leg I, E leg II). F–G Left tibia and patella III (F prolateral, G prolateral; note absence of saddle-crescent). H−K Right palpal organ, clock-wise rotated by 90° (H ventral, I prolateral, J dorsal, K retrolateral). L Harpoon-shaped embolus tip, retrolateral. Abbreviatons: ct—clavate trichobothria, dr—ventro-lateral spine rows on both sides of tibia, fr—full row of spines on tibia, it—inflated tarsus, sc—scopula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927339/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
H−L cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A10252AFFB7FEADF905FE5FF8EA" box="[324,392,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 4" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[204,1384,186,973]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[204,1384,181,978]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4A−L. Conothele martensi spec. nov., holotype male. A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C Left tarsus I, retrolateral. D–E Distal part of forelegs, ventral (D leg I, E leg II). F–G Left tibia and patella III (F retrolateral, G prolateral). H−K Right palpal organ, clock-wise rotated by 90° (H ventral, I prolateral, J dorsal, K retrolateral). L Harpoon-shaped embolus tip. ab—spine row absent, dh—spines in distal half of tibia only, ne—narrowing of embolus, rsc—reduced saddle-crescent, st—slightly swollen tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927335/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
H−L). In both species the globular proximal part and the slender, harpoon-tipped embolus are virtually identical in shape. A similar palpal organ was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17034B64252AFFB7FC49F8E1FBA3F8C6" author="Yang, Z. Z. & Xu, X." box="[928,1140,1807,1833]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" pagination="171 - 180" refId="ref18712" refString="Yang, Z. Z. & Xu, X. (2018) Two new species of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 (Mygalomorphae: Halonoproctidae) from China. Zootaxa, 4442 (1), 171 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4442.1.10" type="journal article" year="2018">Yang & Xu (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FB4CF8E1FAC4F8C6" authorityName="Yang & Xu" authorityYear="2018" box="[1189,1299,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dequin">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FB4CF8E1FAC4F8C6" box="[1189,1299,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">C. dequin</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0B857605252AFFB7FAB0F8E1FA4BF8C6" box="[1369,1436,1807,1833]" name="China" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B156F877252AFFB7FF77F8DDFEB2F8A1" box="[158,357,1843,1870]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
). Genetics-based research is required to establish the phylogenetic relationships between the Thai species and
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FEF7F8B9FE45F89E" box="[286,402,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FEF7F8B9FE59F89E" authorityName="Yang & Xu" authorityYear="2018" box="[286,398,1879,1905]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dequin">C. dequin</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and to show if their morphological similarities are not due to convergent evolution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="732D3695252AFFB0FF2EF895FC81FF16" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,250]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">
|
||
Female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FE4CF895FD9AF87A" box="[421,589,1915,1941]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FE4CF895FDCFF87A" box="[421,536,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">Conothele</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show an equally low diversity in shapes and forms. The two different forms present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FEF8F871FE41F857" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[273,406,1951,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FEF8F871FE41F857" box="[273,406,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">C. martensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FE49F871FDC2F856" bold="true" box="[416,533,1951,1977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC252AFFB7FE49F871FDC2F856" box="[416,533,1951,1977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FDB8F871FD74F857" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[593,675,1951,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isan" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FDB8F871FD74F857" box="[593,675,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">C. isan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FD44F871FCF5F856" bold="true" box="[685,802,1951,1977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC252AFFB7FD44F871FCF5F856" box="[685,802,1951,1977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are also found in several other, geographically distant, named species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17034B64252AFFB7FEAEF82DFDCFF832" author="Siliwal, M. & Nair, M. V. & Molur, S. & Raven, R." box="[327,536,1987,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref17890" refString="Siliwal, M., Nair, M. V., Molur, S. & Raven, R. (2009). First record of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele (Araneae, Ctenizidae) from India, with a description of two new species. Journal of Arachnology, 37, 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / A 07 - 86.1" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Siliwal
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FE76F82DFE07F832" box="[415,464,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17034B64252AFFB7FDCAF82DFD12F832" author="Xu, X. & Xu, C. & Liu, F. X. & Zhang, Z. T. & Li, D. - Q." box="[547,709,1987,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" pagination="63 - 74" refId="ref18635" refString="Xu, X., Xu, C., Liu, F. X., Zhang, Z. T. & Li, D. - Q. (2017) Four new species of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 from mainland China and Laos (Araneae, Ctenizidae). ZooKeys, 643, 63 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 643.10543" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FDA5F82DFDAAF832" box="[588,637,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17034B64252AFFB7FD39F82DFCAFF832" author="Liu, H. & Xu, X. & Zhang, Z. & Liu, F. & Li, D." box="[720,888,1987,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" pagination="133 - 150" refId="ref16793" refString="Liu, H., Xu, X., Zhang, Z., Liu, F. & Li, D. (2019) Four new species of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 (Araneae, Halonoproctidae) from China. ZooKeys, 833, 133 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 833.32736" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Liu
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FD17F82DFCF8F832" box="[766,815,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as well as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252AFFB7FBF3F82DFB5AF832" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1878" box="[1050,1165,1987,2013]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252AFFB7FBF3F82DFB5AF832" box="[1050,1165,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="311">Conothele</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females from numerous localities in SE-Asia where the corresponding males are distinct (personal observations). Especially the hooked
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC298837252DFFB0FA85FF79FA4BFF5E" box="[1388,1436,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="312">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of spermathecae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252DFFB0FE9CFF55FE12FF3B" authority="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree, 2021" authorityName="Decae & Schwendinger & Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2021" box="[373,453,187,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isan" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252DFFB0FE9CFF55FE12FF3B" box="[373,453,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="312">C. isan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252DFFB0FE25FF55FDE8FF3A" bold="true" box="[460,575,187,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC252DFFB0FE25FF55FDE8FF3A" box="[460,575,187,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="312" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is very common. Therefore the description of new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D16252DFFB0FB6AFF55FA98FF3A" box="[1155,1359,187,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA87252DFFB0FB6AFF55FB21FF3A" box="[1155,1270,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="312">Conothele</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of only one sex (particularly the female) is not advisable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |