treatments-xml/data/40/2D/1B/402D1B3B533FFFDEC9FEF980FA82FDB3.xml

<document id="2A1886452C8C96D62A6AAE449C27226F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4790.2.5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3889527" ID-ZooBank="46EAA29B-7852-4374-B844-DA7E25A00ABD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1591859566901" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nguyen, Tung T., Tran, Binh T. T., Lam, Dang H. &amp; Nguyen, Anh D." docDate="2020" docId="402D1B3B533FFFDEC9FEF980FA82FDB3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4790.2.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4790 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Amynthas ocularius Nguyen &amp; Tran &amp; Lam &amp; Nguyen 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="284" masterDocId="BC1463435339FFD9C969FF95FFE9FA24" masterDocTitle="Four new species of Amynthas earthworms in southeastern Vietnam (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae)" masterLastPageNumber="290" masterPageNumber="277" pageNumber="283" updateTime="1700276591635" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="B38E52A7C757D5BB652FF2240A3D4A87">Four new species of Amynthas earthworms in southeastern Vietnam (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3C6B29456E0F2403F184D59768F49FD1">Nguyen, Tung T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2E595D6373E511307DF71A73FAD718DE">Tran, Binh T. T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6B28148D472A61D54B46D6FD462BC2B0">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="291EED94B1E5CE0A44F9FE1D0D584476">Lam, Dang H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D2E5E9F993C3B7C79E6E83836A2FF232">Nguyen, Anh D.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="402D1B3B533FFFDEC9FEF980FA82FDB3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:402D1B3B533FFFDEC9FEF980FA82FDB3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/402D1B3B533FFFDEC9FEF980FA82FDB3" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">
<subSubSection id="809EF9A6533FFFDFC9FEF980FD29FC0B" box="[151,704,1557,1584]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C83BAA2D533FFFDFC9FEF980FD29FC0B" blockId="6.[151,704,1557,1619]" box="[151,704,1557,1584]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">
<heading id="93731D41533FFFDFC9FEF980FD29FC0B" bold="true" box="[151,704,1557,1584]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" reason="1">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533FFFDFC9FEF980FD29FC0B" bold="true" box="[151,704,1557,1584]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">
<taxonomicName id="0F84D1AE533FFFDFC9FEF980FDBCFC0B" authority="Nguyen &amp; Lam" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Tran &amp; Lam &amp; Nguyen" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,597,1557,1584]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ocularius" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533FFFDFC9FEF980FE62FC14" bold="true" box="[151,395,1557,1584]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">Amynthas ocularius</emphasis>
Nguyen &amp; Lam
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, 
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="809EF9A6533FFFDFC9FEF9ACFEE1FC77" box="[151,264,1593,1619]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" type="description">
<paragraph id="C83BAA2D533FFFDFC9FEF9ACFEE1FC77" blockId="6.[151,704,1557,1619]" box="[151,264,1593,1619]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">
(
<figureCitation id="50BFB6A8533FFFDFC9F6F9ACFEE9FC77" box="[159,256,1593,1619]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1846,1871]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,203,1813]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[154,1434,181,1821]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Amynthas ocularius sp. nov. Holotype (CTU–EW.167.h01). A. Male region, ventral view. B. Left spermatheca. C. Spermathecal region, ventral view. D. Left intestinal caecum. E. Left prostate gland. F. Testis sacs and seminal vesicle. G. Spermathecae (comp. B). H. Male region (comp. A). I. Prostate gland (comp. E). J. Intestinal caecum (comp. D). K. Transverse section on genital markings (Paratype: CTU-EW.167.p03). Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889535/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">Figure 4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="809EF9A6533FFFDFC9FEF915FBD3FD0F" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C83BAA2D533FFFDFC9FEF915FBD3FD0F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1664,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533FFFDFC9FEF915FE65FCBF" bold="true" box="[151,396,1664,1691]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">Examined material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="78ECA070533FFFDFC8F5F914FE63FCC7" collectingDate="2016-10-25" collectionCode="CTU-EW" collectorName="Truong Thuy Ai." county="Ba Ria" elevation="42" location="Bung Rieng" municipality="Xuyen Moc District" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533FFFDFC8F5F914FDEAFCBF" box="[412,515,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">
<typeStatus id="173F148F533FFFDFC8F5F914FDEAFCBF" box="[412,515,1665,1691]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 1 mature (complete body), (
<collectionCode id="AE9532E8533FFFDFCA1AF914FC03FCB8" box="[883,1002,1665,1692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">CTU-EW</collectionCode>
.167.h01), natural forest (1032’51”N; 10730’47”E), 
<quantity id="0F7C07C8533FFFDFC850F930FE87FC9B" box="[313,366,1701,1727]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" unit="m" value="42.0">
<elevation id="43A94D1E533FFFDFC850F930FE87FC9B" box="[313,366,1701,1727]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" unit="m" value="42.0">42m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<location id="CD5BFCF6533FFFDFC812F930FDEAFC9B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:402D1B3B533FFFDEC9FEF980FA82FDB3:CD5BFCF6533FFFDFC812F930FDEAFC9B" box="[379,515,1701,1727]" county="Ba Ria" municipality="Xuyen Moc District" name="Bung Rieng" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">Bung Rieng</location>
commune, 
<collectingMunicipality id="285F3057533FFFDFCBE3F930FC98FC9B" box="[650,881,1701,1727]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">Xuyen Moc District</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="215AD2A1533FFFDFCA17F930FC24FC9B" box="[894,973,1701,1727]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">Ba Ria</collectingCounty>
– Vung Tau province, 
<date id="BC3A8CED533FFFDFCDBCF931FA71FC9B" box="[1237,1432,1700,1727]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" value="2016-10-25">
<collectingDate id="AC7E7505533FFFDFCDBCF931FA71FC9B" box="[1237,1432,1700,1727]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" value="2016-10-25">25 October 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="6571CFFB533FFFDFC9A7F95CFE63FCC7" box="[206,394,1737,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">Truong Thuy Ai.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="78ECA070533FFFDFC8F9F95FFBD3FD0F" collectingDate="2019-10-17" collectionCode="CTU-EW, EW" collectorName="Lam Hai Dang." county="Ba Ria" elevation="42" location="Bung Rieng" municipality="Xuyen Moc District" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533FFFDFC8F9F95FFDEBFCC7" box="[400,514,1738,1763]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">
<typeStatus id="173F148F533FFFDFC8F9F95FFDEBFCC7" box="[400,514,1738,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 2 matures (complete body), (
<collectionCode id="AE9532E8533FFFDFCA3BF95CFC2EFCC0" box="[850,967,1737,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">CTU-EW</collectionCode>
.167.p02) same data as for holotype; 3 matures (complete body), 1 mature (two fragments and two section slides) (
<collectionCode id="AE9532E8533FFFDFCAAEF978FBD4FD2C" box="[967,1085,1773,1800]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">CTU-EW</collectionCode>
.167.p03) and 2 matures (IEBR- 
<collectionCode id="AE9532E8533FFFDFC9FEF884FF2EFD08" box="[151,199,1809,1836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">EW</collectionCode>
.167.p03) same data as for 
<typeStatus id="173F148F533FFFDFC886F884FDBDFD0F" box="[495,596,1809,1835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, but 
<date id="BC3A8CED533FFFDFCBE0F884FCA0FD0F" box="[649,841,1809,1835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" value="2019-10-17">
<collectingDate id="AC7E7505533FFFDFCBE0F884FCA0FD0F" box="[649,841,1809,1835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" value="2019-10-17">17 October 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="6571CFFB533FFFDFCAE5F884FBD3FD0F" box="[908,1082,1809,1835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">Lam Hai Dang.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="809EF9A6533FFFDFC9AEF8A0FECDFD57" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="C83BAA2D533FFFDFC9AEF8A0FECDFD57" blockId="6.[151,1437,1664,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533FFFDFC9AEF8A0FEA7FD6B" bold="true" box="[199,334,1845,1871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">Etymology.</emphasis>
“ 
<taxonomicName id="0F84D1AE533FFFDFC808F8A0FE22FD6B" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Tran &amp; Lam &amp; Nguyen" authorityYear="2020" box="[353,459,1845,1871]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ocularius">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533FFFDFC808F8A0FE22FD6B" box="[353,459,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">ocularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”, an adjective, to emphasize the glasses-shaped arrangement of genital markings in the male region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="809EF9A6533FFFDEC9AEF8E9FBEBFB3B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C83BAA2D533FFFDEC9AEF8E9FBEBFB3B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1664,2015]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,153,1943]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533FFFDFC9AEF8E9FEABFDB3" bold="true" box="[199,322,1916,1943]" pageId="6" pageNumber="283">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Small size, length 
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, diameter 
<quantity id="0F7C07C8533FFFDFCA69F8E8FC61FDB3" box="[768,904,1917,1943]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5999999999999996" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="2.5999999999999996" valueMax="2.9" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.9 mm</quantity>
, segments 112–132. Prostomium 1/3 epilobous. First dorsal pore in 13/14. Setal numbers: 
<quantity id="0F7C07C8533FFFDFCB1CF834FD30FD9F" box="[629,729,1953,1979]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9304" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="1.8288" pageId="6" pageNumber="283" unit="in" value="76.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="72.0">72–80 in</quantity>
viii, 
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xxv, 7–8 between two male porophores in xviii. Three pairs of spermathecal pores in lateroventral intersegments 5/6/7/8. Four to eight pairs of pre- and post-setal genital markings arranged transversely in vii. Ventral distance between male pores about 0.3x body circumference. Genital markings numerous, organized to form a shape of glasses including two agglomerations of genital markings in 19/ 
<quantity id="0F7C07C8533EFFDEC9B1FF74FEFDFADF" box="[216,276,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" unit="in" value="20.0">20 in</quantity>
line with male porophores and a transverse line of genital markings located behind the setal ring xix. Holandric. Testis sacs connected. Intestinal caeca simple. Septa 8/9/10 absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="809EF9A6533EFFDEC9AEFEBDFC99FE13" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" type="description">
<paragraph id="C83BAA2D533EFFDEC9AEFEBDFB1AFBF7" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDEC9AEFEBDFEB0FB67" bold="true" box="[199,345,296,323]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">Description.</emphasis>
Cylindrical body, small size, length 
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, diameter 
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, weight 0.1–0.2 gr, segments 112–132. Body transparent, uniformly pale; clitellum light brown. Prostomium 1/3 epilobous. First dorsal pore in 13/14. Setae perichaetine, pre-clitellar setae stouter and denser than post-clitellar ones; setal number: 
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viii, 
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xxv, 7–8 between two male porophores in xviii; setal distance: aa=ab, zz&gt;zy. Clitellum within xiv–xvi, without dorsal pores, but with setae on ventrum xvi. Female pore single, in midventral xiv.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C83BAA2D533EFFDEC9AEFE48FC5CF83F" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">Three pairs of spermathecal pores located lateroventrally in intersegments 5/6/7/8. Four to eight pairs of genital markings arranged transversely in front of and behind the setal ring vii.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C83BAA2D533EFFDEC9AEFDB0FF1EF88F" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">
Male porophores located ventrally in the setal ring xviii; ventral distance between male pores about 0.3x body circumference. Genital markings numerous, organized to form a shape of glasses including two agglomerations of markings in 19/ 
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line with male porophores, connected by a transverse line of markings located behind the setal ring xix.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C83BAA2D533EFFDEC9AEFD20FC07F933" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">Septa 5/6/7/8 thick, 8/9/10 absent, 10/11/12/13 thin. Oesophageal gizzard within viii–x. Intestinal origin at xv; caeca simple, originating at xxvii and extending anteriorly to xxv. Last hearts in xiii. Pharyngeal micronephridia developed in 5/6/7/8. Typhlosole simple, lamelliform. Lymph glands absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C83BAA2D533EFFDEC9AEFCB4FD3EF983" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">Spermathecae paired in vi, vii and viii. Ampulla oval-shaped; ducts about 1/2 ampulla, robust, but getting thinner basally. Diverticula thin, shorter than ampulla, strongly waved, directly attached to the base of ampullar duct; seminal chamber small, oval-shaped. Spermathecal ducts without nephridia. Four to five pairs of accessory glands in vii and viii, in association with genital markings.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C83BAA2D533EFFDEC9AEFC24FB14FE37" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">Holandric. Testis sacs developed, connected in x–xi. Seminal vesicles well developed in xi–xii. Ovaries well developed in 12/13. Ovisacs invisible. Prostate glands deeply lobuled, paired in xvi–xxvi; ducts long, slightly waved and directly attached to body wall. Numerous accessory glands in association with genital markings.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C83BAA2D533EFFDEC9AEFB89FC99FE13" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1943]" box="[199,880,1052,1079]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDEC9AEFB89FEC3FE13" bold="true" box="[199,298,1052,1079]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">Habitat.</emphasis>
The species was found in the soil depth of 
<quantity id="0F7C07C8533EFFDECA66FB88FC85FE13" box="[783,876,1053,1079]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="0.0">0–10cm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="809EF9A6533EFFDEC9AEFBD4FA82FDB3" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C83BAA2D533EFFDEC9AEFBD4FE08FEE3" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDEC9AEFBD4FED2FE7F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1089,1115]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">Remarks.</emphasis>
The arrangement of genital markings in the male region is unique among all species of 
<taxonomicName id="0F84D1AE533EFFDECC47FBD4FA75FE7F" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1867" box="[1326,1436,1089,1115]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDECC47FBD4FA75FE7F" box="[1326,1436,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">Amynthas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known so far. All markings are small, of same size, rounded: there is one unpaired midventral transverse line postsetal in xix, ending on both sides in an agglomeration covering xix/xx, i.e. in posterior of xix and anterior of xx, and in line with male porophores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C83BAA2D533EFFDEC9AEFB44FDD5FF7C" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">
The species can be assigned to the 
<taxonomicName id="0F84D1AE533EFFDECB2EFB44FD52FECF" baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[583,699,1233,1259]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDECB2EFB44FD52FECF" box="[583,699,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group because of the presence of three pairs of spermathecal pores in 5/6/7/8 and holandry (
<bibRefCitation id="AC15D7DC533EFFDECB75FB60FCE3FF2B" author="Sims, R. W. &amp; Easton, E. G." box="[540,778,1269,1295]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="169 - 268" refId="ref11103" refString="Sims, R. W. &amp; Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x" type="journal article" year="1972">Sims &amp; Easton 1972</bibRefCitation>
, there as 
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDECA1CFB60FC1AFF2B" box="[885,1011,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">hawayanus</emphasis>
-group). To date, the group comprises 63 species; of which 26 have been reported from 
<collectingCountry id="B093EABD533EFFDECBD4FA8CFCF5FF17" box="[701,796,1305,1331]" name="Vietnam" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AC15D7DC533EFFDECA43FA8CFC48FF17" author="Thai, T. B." box="[810,929,1305,1331]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="817 - 830" refId="ref11223" refString="Thai, T. B. (1982) The fauna of earthworms of the Cucfuong forest reserve (Vietnam) and descriptions of new species of the genus Pheretima. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 61 (6), 817 - 830." type="journal article" year="1982">Thai 1982</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="AC15D7DC533EFFDECAC2FA8CFC1CFF17" author="Thai, T. B." box="[939,1013,1305,1331]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="613 - 617" refId="ref11307" refString="Thai, T. B. (1984 b) New species and subspecies of the genus Pheretima (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) from Vietnam. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 63 (4), 613 - 617." type="journal article" year="1984">
1984 
<bibRefCitation id="AC15D7DC533EFFDECA8FFA8CFC1CFF17" author="Thai, T. B." box="[998,1013,1305,1331]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="1317 - 1327" refId="ref11345" refString="Thai, T. B. (1984 c) New species of the genus Pheretima in Vietnam. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 63 (9), 1317 - 1327." type="journal article" year="1984">b</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, 1984c; 
<bibRefCitation id="AC15D7DC533EFFDECD3BFA8CFABDFF17" author="Thai, T. B. &amp; Samphon, K." box="[1106,1364,1305,1331]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="3 - 25" refId="ref11186" refString="Thai, T. B. &amp; Samphon, K. (1988) New subspecies and species of earthworms from Laos PDR. Journal of Science of HNUE, Special Issue, 3 - 25." type="book chapter" year="1988">Thai &amp; Samphon 1988</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="AC15D7DC533EFFDECC36FA8CFF1FFF73" author="Do, V. N. &amp; Le, V. T. &amp; Tran, M. K." pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="22 - 28" refId="ref9595" refString="Do, V. N., Le, V. T. &amp; Tran, M. K. (1994) New species of earthworm genus Pheretima Kinberg, 1867 (Megascolecidae, Oligochaeta) from Lang Son and Nghe An Provinces. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 16 (1), 22 - 28." type="journal article" year="1994">
Do 
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDECCE1FA8FFF44FF73" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">et al</emphasis>
. 1994
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="AC15D7DC533EFFDEC868FAA9FED5FF73" author="Do, V. N. &amp; Tran, M. K. &amp; Le, V. T." box="[257,316,1340,1367]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="88 - 94" refId="ref9654" refString="Do, V. N., Tran, M. K. &amp; Le, V. T. (1995) New species of earthworm of genus Pheretima Kinberg, 1867 (Megascolecidae, Oligochaeta) from mountain of Nghe An Province. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 17 (3), 88 - 94." type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="AC15D7DC533EFFDEC821FAA8FDD9FF7C" author="Nguyen, T. T. &amp; Nguyen, A. D. &amp; Tran, T. T. B. &amp; Blakemore, R. J." box="[328,560,1341,1368]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref10413" refString="Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, A. D., Tran, T. T. B. &amp; Blakemore, R. J. (2016 a) A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae). Zootaxa, 4140 (1), 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4140.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
Nguyen 
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDEC8CEFAABFE09FF73" box="[423,480,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">et al.</emphasis>
2016a
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C83BAA2D533EFFDEC9AEFAF4FAB8FC9B" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">
Within the 
<taxonomicName id="0F84D1AE533EFFDEC82AFAF4FE51FF5F" baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[323,440,1377,1403]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDEC82AFAF4FE51FF5F" box="[323,440,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, the new species is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="0F84D1AE533EFFDECA25FAF4FB61FF5F" authority="(Gates, 1932)" baseAuthorityName="Gates" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[844,1160,1377,1403]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="compositus">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDECA25FAF4FC00FF5F" box="[844,1001,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. compositus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AC15D7DC533EFFDECA9EFAF4FB96FF5F" author="Gates, G. E." box="[1015,1151,1377,1403]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="357 - 549" refId="ref9821" refString="Gates, G. E. (1932) The earthworms of Burma. III, The Megascolecinae. Records of the Indian Museum, 34 (4), 357 - 549." type="journal article" year="1932">Gates, 1932</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="0F84D1AE533EFFDECDD4FAF4FF30FF84" authority="(Rosa, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Rosa" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="papulosus">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDECDD4FAF4FAA7FF5F" box="[1213,1358,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. papulosus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AC15D7DC533EFFDECC35FAF4FF39FF84" author="Rosa, D." pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="502 - 532" refId="ref10998" refString="Rosa, D. (1896) I Lombrichi raccolti a Sumatra dal Dott. Elio Modigliani. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2, 16, 502 - 532." type="journal article" year="1896">Rosa, 1896</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
by having a large number of small, round, equal-sized genital markings in the spermathecal and male region, intestinal origin at xv, and simple intestinal caeca. However, 
<taxonomicName id="0F84D1AE533EFFDECA3DFA3CFC36FFE7" authority="Nguyen &amp; Tran &amp; Lam &amp; Nguyen, 2020" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Tran &amp; Lam &amp; Nguyen" authorityYear="2020" box="[852,991,1449,1475]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ocularius" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDECA3DFA3CFC36FFE7" box="[852,991,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. ocularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDECA81FA3CFBADFFE7" bold="true" box="[1000,1092,1449,1475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E1C3CB44533EFFDECA81FA3CFBADFFE7" box="[1000,1092,1449,1475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="0F84D1AE533EFFDECDB7FA3CFA94FFE7" baseAuthorityName="Gates" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[1246,1405,1449,1475]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="compositus">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDECDB7FA3CFA94FFE7" box="[1246,1405,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. compositus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the first dorsal pore in 13/14, a line of pre-clitellar, pre-setal small, round genital markings in vii, and post-clitellar markings organized to form a shape of glasses including two agglomerations of markings in 19/ 
<quantity id="0F7C07C8533EFFDECDD7FA64FB1EFC2F" box="[1214,1271,1521,1547]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" unit="in" value="20.0">20 in</quantity>
line with male porophores, connected by a transverse line of markings located behind the setal ring xix; whereas 
<taxonomicName id="0F84D1AE533EFFDECDBDF980FA98FC0B" baseAuthorityName="Gates" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[1236,1393,1557,1583]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="compositus">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDECDBDF980FA98FC0B" box="[1236,1393,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. compositus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the first dorsal pore in 12/13, and the small, round genital markings are arranged in transverse rows in viii, xvii, xviii and xix, two rows of markings on viii, one presetal row of 10 markings, one postsetal row of 8 markings, the rows nearer to the setae than to the intersegmental furrows; four rows on xvii, two presetal and two postsetal; a single presetal row of 11 markings on xviii; two presetal markings near the midventral region on xix (
<bibRefCitation id="AC15D7DC533EFFDECDD6F930FAADFC9B" author="Gates, G. E." box="[1215,1348,1701,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="357 - 549" refId="ref9821" refString="Gates, G. E. (1932) The earthworms of Burma. III, The Megascolecinae. Records of the Indian Museum, 34 (4), 357 - 549." type="journal article" year="1932">Gates 1932</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C83BAA2D533EFFDEC9AEF95CFBB2FD23" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="0F84D1AE533EFFDEC9AEF95CFEB1FCC7" baseAuthorityName="Rosa" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[199,344,1737,1763]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="papulosus">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDEC9AEF95CFEB1FCC7" box="[199,344,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. papulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also differs from 
<taxonomicName id="0F84D1AE533EFFDECB75F95CFD4DFCC7" authority="Nguyen &amp; Tran &amp; Lam &amp; Nguyen, 2020" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Tran &amp; Lam &amp; Nguyen" authorityYear="2020" box="[540,676,1737,1763]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ocularius" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDECB75F95CFD4DFCC7" box="[540,676,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. ocularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDECBC3F95CFCEAFCC7" bold="true" box="[682,771,1737,1763]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E1C3CB44533EFFDECBC3F95CFCEAFCC7" box="[682,771,1737,1763]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in having the first dorsal pore in 12/13, numerous markings in xviii–xx and agglomerated markings in vii–ix (
<bibRefCitation id="AC15D7DC533EFFDECBAAF978FCD6FD23" author="Rosa, D." box="[707,831,1773,1799]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="502 - 532" refId="ref10998" refString="Rosa, D. (1896) I Lombrichi raccolti a Sumatra dal Dott. Elio Modigliani. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2, 16, 502 - 532." type="journal article" year="1896">Rosa 1896</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="AC15D7DC533EFFDECA23F978FBA7FD23" author="Thai, T. B. &amp; Samphon, K." box="[842,1102,1773,1799]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="3 - 25" refId="ref11186" refString="Thai, T. B. &amp; Samphon, K. (1988) New subspecies and species of earthworms from Laos PDR. Journal of Science of HNUE, Special Issue, 3 - 25." type="book chapter" year="1988">Thai &amp; Samphon 1988</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C83BAA2D533EFFDEC9AEF884FA82FDB3" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="0F84D1AE533EFFDEC9AEF884FEB9FD0F" authority="Nguyen &amp; Tran &amp; Lam &amp; Nguyen, 2020" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Tran &amp; Lam &amp; Nguyen" authorityYear="2020" box="[199,336,1809,1835]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ocularius" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDEC9AEF884FEB9FD0F" box="[199,336,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. ocularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDEC83FF884FE46FD0F" bold="true" box="[342,431,1809,1835]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E1C3CB44533EFFDEC83FF884FE46FD0F" box="[342,431,1809,1835]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is slightly similar to 
<taxonomicName id="0F84D1AE533EFFDECBF3F884FC3FFD08" authority="(Chen, 1946)" baseAuthorityName="Chen" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[666,982,1809,1836]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kinfumontis">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDECBF3F884FCD5FD0F" box="[666,828,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. kinfumontis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AC15D7DC533EFFDECA23F884FC24FD08" author="Chen, Y." box="[842,973,1809,1836]" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" pagination="83 - 141" refId="ref9559" refString="Chen, Y. (1946) On the terrestrial oligochaeta from Szechuan III. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, Zoological Series, 16, 83 - 141." type="journal article" year="1946">Chen, 1946</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and to 
<taxonomicName id="0F84D1AE533EFFDECD4EF884FA8EFD0F" authority="(Thai, 1984)" baseAuthorityName="Thai" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[1063,1383,1809,1835]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vuongmontis">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDECD4EF884FB3DFD0F" box="[1063,1236,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. vuongmontis</emphasis>
(Thai, 1984)
</taxonomicName>
by a transverse arrangement of genital markings in the male region. However, in 
<taxonomicName id="0F84D1AE533EFFDECA81F8A0FB63FD6B" baseAuthorityName="Chen" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[1000,1162,1845,1871]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kinfumontis">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDECA81F8A0FB63FD6B" box="[1000,1162,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. kinfumontis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, markings are present in xvii, xviii, 18/19 and xx, and spermathecal pores are at 7/8/9. In 
<taxonomicName id="0F84D1AE533EFFDECA18F8CCFBC9FD57" baseAuthorityName="Thai" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[881,1056,1881,1907]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vuongmontis">
<emphasis id="FAF0763F533EFFDECA18F8CCFBC9FD57" box="[881,1056,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="284">A. vuongmontis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, markings are present in xvii, xix and xx, and they are absent in the spermathecal region; furthermore, spermathecal pores are located at 6/7/8/9.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>