130 lines
18 KiB
XML
130 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="0E9E24B5304F64F75ACA01DE4C8F707D" ID-CLB-Dataset="31608" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4344.2.11" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eadc6621-31b2-41a1-b248-8bb38bd75d09" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1042988" ID-ZooBank="B1B682B2-C9F1-4CF9-B57F-CA45B1F87B46" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1510040820721" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wagner, Daniel & Shuler, Andrew" docDate="2017" docId="03EEED386A32FFB96ECB99D5B53941EB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4344.2.11.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4344 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tanacetipathes hirta" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="376" masterDocId="FFD795406A3BFFB06E5C994DB7734319" masterDocTitle="The black coral fauna (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) of Bermuda with new records" masterLastPageNumber="379" masterPageNumber="367" pageNumber="376" updateTime="1698480813510" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A84CF16C7864BF094AFCF2CBE1515341">The black coral fauna (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) of Bermuda with new records</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="27890F073711B3CD00D02FAAFA638A6D">Wagner, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="08142E2579CC038C1349D91F13777436">Shuler, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="E6B4ADECA926DB670CBC582FA11695F8">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03EEED386A32FFB96ECB99D5B53941EB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6035248" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137252761" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6035248" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EEED386A32FFB96ECB99D5B53941EB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EEED386A32FFB96ECB99D5B53941EB" lastPageNumber="376" pageId="9" pageNumber="376">
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<subSubSection id="C35D0FA56A32FFB96ECB99D5B54243AB" box="[151,561,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="376" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF85C2E6A32FFB96ECB99D5B54243AB" blockId="9.[151,561,152,178]" box="[151,561,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="376">
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<heading id="D0B0EB426A32FFB96ECB99D5B54243AB" bold="true" box="[151,561,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="376" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4727AD6A32FFB96ECB99D5B54243AB" ID-CoL="54N3Q" authority="(Gray, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[151,561,152,178]" class="Anthozoa" family="Myriopathidae" genus="Tanacetipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="9" pageNumber="376" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hirta">
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A32FFB96ECB99D5B54243AB" bold="true" box="[151,561,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="376">
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A32FFB96ECB99D5B6FE43AB" bold="true" box="[151,397,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="376">Tanacetipathes hirta</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A32FFB96FC199D5B55A43AB" author="Gray" box="[413,553,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="376" refString="Gray, J. E. (1857) Synopsis of the families and genera of axiferous zoophytes or barked corals. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 25, 278 - 294." type="journal article" year="1857">Gray, 1857</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35D0FA56A32FFB96ECB9993B53941EB" pageId="9" pageNumber="376" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF85C2E6A32FFB96ECB9993B53941EB" blockId="9.[151,1437,222,754]" pageId="9" pageNumber="376">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4727AD6A32FFB96ECB9993B60D43EE" ID-CoL="54N3Q" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[151,382,222,247]" class="Anthozoa" family="Myriopathidae" genus="Tanacetipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="9" pageNumber="376" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hirta">
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A32FFB96ECB9993B60D43EE" box="[151,382,222,247]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="376">Tanacetipathes hirta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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colonies are typically less than
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<quantity id="4CBFF1CB6A32FFB96CB09993B44043EF" box="[748,819,222,247]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="376" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
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in height and sparsely branched, with most branching tending to be in a single plane like a fan (
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<figureCitation id="137C40AB6A32FFB96C309848B58B4207" box="[620,760,261,286]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,985,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,985,1854]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tanacetipathes hirta from Bermuda showing (a-b) colonies in situ, (c) preserved specimen (scale bar = 5 cm), (d) polyps on a primary pinnule under light microscopy (scale bar = 2 mm), (e) skeletal spines on a primary pinnule under SEM (scale bar = 100 µm), and (f) close-up of polypar spine under SEM (scale bar = 50 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1043000/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="376">Figure 6a–c</figureCitation>
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). Colonies branch to the 3rd–4th order, with branches usually arising at close to right angles from the branching point. The stem and branches have 4–6 rows of primary pinnules, which are arranged biserially and in alternating groups of 2–3 along the length of the axis. The posterior primary pinnules are usually
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<quantity id="4CBFF1CB6A32FFB96FD0983FB6974290" box="[396,484,370,394]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="376" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 cm</quantity>
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long and considerably longer than the anterior primary pinnules. The secondary pinnules are usually confined to the abpolypar side of the basal section of primary pinnules. Few tertiary pinnules are present, which are restricted to the posterior side of the secondaries nearest the base of each primary pinnule. The skeletal spines are subcylindrical, inclined distally, and covered with faint papillae towards their distal half (
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<figureCitation id="137C40AB6A32FFB96EC29B4CB6594103" box="[158,298,513,538]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,985,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,985,1854]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tanacetipathes hirta from Bermuda showing (a-b) colonies in situ, (c) preserved specimen (scale bar = 5 cm), (d) polyps on a primary pinnule under light microscopy (scale bar = 2 mm), (e) skeletal spines on a primary pinnule under SEM (scale bar = 100 µm), and (f) close-up of polypar spine under SEM (scale bar = 50 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1043000/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="376">Figure 6e–f</figureCitation>
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). Polypar spines are typically 60–130 µm tall, whereas abpolypar spines are 50–100 µm in height (
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<figureCitation id="137C40AB6A32FFB96EC29B68B6614127" box="[158,274,549,574]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,985,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,985,1854]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tanacetipathes hirta from Bermuda showing (a-b) colonies in situ, (c) preserved specimen (scale bar = 5 cm), (d) polyps on a primary pinnule under light microscopy (scale bar = 2 mm), (e) skeletal spines on a primary pinnule under SEM (scale bar = 100 µm), and (f) close-up of polypar spine under SEM (scale bar = 50 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1043000/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="376">Figure 6e</figureCitation>
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). The polyps range between 0.7–1.0 mm in transverse diameter, and are spaced
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<quantity id="4CBFF1CB6A32FFB96A919B6BB22A4124" box="[1229,1369,550,574]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.1 mm</quantity>
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apart (
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<figureCitation id="137C40AB6A32FFB96EC29B04B661417B" box="[158,274,585,610]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,985,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,985,1854]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tanacetipathes hirta from Bermuda showing (a-b) colonies in situ, (c) preserved specimen (scale bar = 5 cm), (d) polyps on a primary pinnule under light microscopy (scale bar = 2 mm), (e) skeletal spines on a primary pinnule under SEM (scale bar = 100 µm), and (f) close-up of polypar spine under SEM (scale bar = 50 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1043000/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="376">Figure 6d</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A32FFB96F749B07B6024178" box="[296,369,586,609]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="376">In situ</emphasis>
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colonies are grayish to light brown in coloration (
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<figureCitation id="137C40AB6A32FFB96DEB9B04B335417B" box="[951,1094,585,610]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,985,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,985,1854]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tanacetipathes hirta from Bermuda showing (a-b) colonies in situ, (c) preserved specimen (scale bar = 5 cm), (d) polyps on a primary pinnule under light microscopy (scale bar = 2 mm), (e) skeletal spines on a primary pinnule under SEM (scale bar = 100 µm), and (f) close-up of polypar spine under SEM (scale bar = 50 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1043000/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="376">Figure 6a–b</figureCitation>
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).
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4727AD6A32FFB96A079B07B3DD417B" ID-CoL="54N3Q" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[1115,1198,585,610]" class="Anthozoa" family="Myriopathidae" genus="Tanacetipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="9" pageNumber="376" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hirta">
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A32FFB96A079B07B3DD417B" box="[1115,1198,585,610]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="376">T. hirta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has previously been reported from
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<collectingCountry id="F3501CBE6A32FFB96F609B20B6F3419F" box="[316,384,621,646]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="376">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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||
to
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<collectingCountry id="F3501CBE6A32FFB96FFB9B20B57D419F" box="[423,526,621,646]" name="Bermuda" pageId="9" pageNumber="376">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
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at depths ranging between
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A32FFB96D969B20B3C4419F" author="Opresko" box="[970,1207,621,646]" pageId="9" pageNumber="376" refString="Opresko, D. M., Nuttall, M. F. & Hickerson, E. L. (2016) Black corals of the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary. Gulf of Mexico Science Science, 2016, 47 - 67." type="journal article" year="2016">
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Opresko
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A32FFB96A6F9B23B31E419F" box="[1075,1133,621,646]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="376">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A32FFB96A999B20B2E4419F" author="Locke" box="[1221,1431,621,646]" pageId="9" pageNumber="376" refString="Locke, J. M., Coates, K. A. & Bilewich, J. P. (2013) Scleractinia, Octocorallia and Antipatharia of Bermuda's reefs and deepwater coral communities: a taxonomic perspective including new records. In: Sheppard, C. R. C. (Ed.), Coral Reefs of the United Kingdom Overseas Territories, Coral Reefs of the World. Vol. 4. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 189 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 5965 - 7 _ 14" type="book" year="2013">
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Locke
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A32FFB96B4F9B23B23E419F" box="[1299,1357,621,646]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="376">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2013
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A32FFB96ECB9BDCB63641B3" author="Opresko" box="[151,325,657,682]" pageId="9" pageNumber="376" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2009) Antipatharia (Cnidaria) of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Tunnell, J. W. Jr., Felder, D. L. & Earle, S. A. (Eds.), Gulf of Mexico origin, waters, and biota. Vol. 1. Biodiversity. Texas A & M University Press, Corpus Christi, 359 - 363." type="book chapter" year="2009">Opresko, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A32FFB96F099BDCB5FC41B3" author="Opresko" box="[341,655,657,682]" pageId="9" pageNumber="376" refString="Opresko, D. M. & Sanchez, J. A. (2005) Caribbean shallow-water black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia). Caribbean Journal of Science, 41, 492 - 507." type="journal article" year="2005">Opresko & Sanchez, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A32FFB96CFC9BDCB4C341B3" author="Loiola" box="[672,944,657,682]" pageId="9" pageNumber="376" refString="Loiola, L. L. & Castro, C. B. (2005) Tanacetipathes Opresko, 2001 (Cnidaria: Antipatharia: Myriopathidae) from Brazil, including two new species. Zootaxa, 1081, 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1081.1.1" type="journal article" year="2005">Loiola & Castro, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A32FFB96D9C9BDCB3CD41B3" author="Padilla" box="[960,1214,657,682]" pageId="9" pageNumber="376" refString="Padilla, C. & Lara, M. (2003) Banco Chinchorro: the last shelter for black coral in the Mexican Caribbean. Bulletin of Marine Science, 73, 197 - 202." type="journal article" year="2003">Padilla & Lara, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A32FFB96A8C9BDCB2E441B3" author="Echeverria" box="[1232,1431,657,682]" pageId="9" pageNumber="376" refString="Echeverria, C. A. (2002) Black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia): first records and a new species from the Brazilian coast. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 50, 1067 - 1077." type="journal article" year="2002">Echeverria, 2002</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A32FFB96ECB9BF8B64C41D7" author="Opresko" box="[151,319,693,718]" pageId="9" pageNumber="376" refString="Opresko, D. M. (1972) Redescriptions and reevaluations of the antipatharians described by L. F. de Pourtales. Bulletin of Marine Science, 22, 950 - 1017." type="journal article" year="1972">Opresko, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A32FFB96F179BFBB69641D7" author="Warner" box="[331,485,694,718]" pageId="9" pageNumber="376" refString="Warner, G. F. (1981) Species descriptions and ecological observations of black corals (Antipatharia) from Trinidad. Bulletin of Marine Science, 31, 147 - 163." type="journal article" year="1981">Warner, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The Bermudan specimens examined as part of this study were collected at a depths ranging between
|
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<quantity id="4CBFF1CB6A32FFB96F049B94B6A441E8" box="[344,471,729,754]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" metricValueMax="1.52" metricValueMin="1.22" pageId="9" pageNumber="376" unit="m" value="137.0" valueMax="152.0" valueMin="122.0">122–152 m</quantity>
|
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(
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<tableCitation id="C6C569956A32FFB96FB99B94B54A41EB" box="[485,569,729,754]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,440,463]" captionText="TABLE 1. Black coral specimens examined as part of this study (BAMZ = Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo; NR = not reported; * = new record for Bermuda)." pageId="9" pageNumber="376">Table 1</tableCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
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</treatment>
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