162 lines
20 KiB
XML
162 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="7E5A235BC2D941FD4E28DD4977587D69" ID-ISSN="11755334" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629797405601" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Carranza, Salvador & Arnold, Edwin Nicholas" docDate="2012" docId="03E36252C57CFFA4F39BF90CFDF5FDA6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03378p095.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3378" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Hemidactylus robustus Heyden 1827" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="70" masterDocId="FFDA1A2AC53FFFE1F30CFFADFF85FF9A" masterDocTitle="3378" masterLastPageNumber="95" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="68" updateTime="1699113039157" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="1CF249704F55012981DEE440F0B50015">3378</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="02F4C46BA64AF20E8EAA3836ABEBE1AC">Carranza, Salvador</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F3ADFB374C5EB19BC62B89251E4837A8">Arnold, Edwin Nicholas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="ACB319F883427C514C550A4929F54573">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3F319EC805FEC9990896BCEFCAFBFC0C">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="105ECAFDA4216B9010F3DBBA0FF988F3">2012-07-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="461282B4196FDC351B49DECE30DF225D">3378</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E36252C57CFFA4F39BF90CFDF5FDA6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5255893" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5255893" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E36252C57CFFA4F39BF90CFDF5FDA6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E36252C57CFFA4F39BF90CFDF5FDA6" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<subSubSection id="C35080CFC57CFFA2F39BF90CFE29F921" box="[151,428,1697,1723]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF5D344C57CFFA2F39BF90CFE29F921" blockId="67.[151,714,1697,1756]" box="[151,428,1697,1723]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<heading id="D0BD6428C57CFFA2F39BF90CFE29F921" bold="true" box="[151,428,1697,1723]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4AA8C7C57CFFA2F39BF90CFE29F921" authorityName="Heyden" authorityYear="1827" box="[151,428,1697,1723]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Hemidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
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<emphasis id="B93E0F56C57CFFA2F39BF90CFE29F921" bold="true" box="[151,428,1697,1723]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Hemidactylus robustus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35080CFC57CFFA4F39BF969FDF5FDA6" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF5D344C57CFFA2F39BF969FD4FF946" blockId="67.[151,714,1697,1756]" box="[151,714,1732,1756]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1371CFC1C57CFFA2F393F969FF6BF946" box="[159,238,1732,1756]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,244,1689,1710]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,243,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-89@15.[151,1436,233,1633]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Distribution map with all known localities of H. lemurinus, the localities of H. flaviviridis and H. robustus specimens included in the molecular analyses and the only locality of H. leschenaultii in Oman. Color dots indicate specimens included in the molecular analyses and listed in Table 1. Stars indicate Museum specimens not included in the molecular analyses. The acronym MHNG refers to the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de la Ville de Genève." pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1371CFC1C57CFFA2F3F6F969FE8FF946" box="[250,266,1732,1756]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,244,1802,1823]" captionTargetBox="[294,1293,193,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-180@19.[294,1314,185,1793]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree of 131 Hemidactylus specimens of the Arid clade (Carranza & Arnold, 2006) based on 2866 bp of concatenated sequences of four mitochondrial (12S, cyb, nd4 and tRNAs) and three nuclear (c-mos, mc1r and rag2) genes. Two specimens of H. flaviviridis were used to root the tree and have not been included in the figure. Tree topology and branch lengths are for the sampled tree with the highest likelihood by RaxML (100 searches, log likelihood = -20540.526926). Each sequence is labeled with the specimen code and taxa name (see Table 1). Maximum-likelihood bootstrap support values above 70% are indicated above branches and black dots by the nodes indicate a posterior probability value ≥ 0.95 in the Bayesian analysis. Age estimates inferred with BEAST are indicated in italics below some relevant nodes and include the mean and, between brackets, the HPD 95% confidence interval. Silhouettes of Hemidactylus taxa are not size-scaled." pageId="67" pageNumber="68">5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1371CFC1C57CFFA2F21AF969FEB1F946" box="[278,308,1732,1756]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="68.[151,244,1924,1945]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,191,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-74@68.[172,1416,191,1902]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 32. Pictures of a live specimen and one locality of H. robustus. A–C) unvouchered specimen from East Khor, Dhofar; D) picture of the locality 8 km W of Shannah, where representatives of the two divergent phylogenetic lineages of H. robustus have been found in sympatry (see main text, Fig. 5 and Appendix III)." pageId="67" pageNumber="68">32</figureCitation>
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, Table 1; Appendix I; Appendix III)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF5D344C57CFFA2F39BF8A4FADAF868" blockId="67.[151,1436,1801,2034]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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The distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4AA8C7C57CFFA2F27DF8A7FE77F8B8" authorityName="Heyden" authorityYear="1827" box="[369,498,1802,1826]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Hemidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
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<emphasis id="B93E0F56C57CFFA2F27DF8A7FE77F8B8" box="[369,498,1802,1826]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">H. robustus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is difficult to predict with certainty due to the confusion with
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<taxonomicName id="4C4AA8C7C57CFFA2F7A3F8A7FAAEF8BB" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1199,1323,1802,1825]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Hemidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turcicus">
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<emphasis id="B93E0F56C57CFFA2F7A3F8A7FAAEF8BB" box="[1199,1323,1802,1825]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">H. turcicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and other similar taxa (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDBAEB5C57CFFA2F234F881FD10F8DE" author="Sindaco, R. & Jeremcenko, V. K." box="[312,661,1836,1860]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref45930" refString="Sindaco, R. & Jeremcenko, V. K. (2008) The reptiles of the Western Palearctic. Annotated checklist and distributional atlas of the turtles, crocodiles, amphisbaenians and lizards of Europe, North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia. Monografie della Societas Herpetologica Italica - I. 579 pp." type="book" year="2008">Sindaco & Jeremcenko 2008</bibRefCitation>
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; Bauer
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<emphasis id="B93E0F56C57CFFA2F1F5F880FCB7F8DE" box="[761,818,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al</emphasis>
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. in press). In Arabia it is widely distributed, with populations on the Western coast starting from at least 22º N Southwards to the Aden region. It is also present in
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<collectingCountry id="F35D93D4C57CFFA2F39BF8DCFEBBF813" box="[151,318,1905,1929]" name="Socotra Island" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Socotra Island</collectingCountry>
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, the Hadramaut and occurs in
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<collectingCountry id="F35D93D4C57CFFA2F1A0F8DCFD75F813" box="[684,752,1905,1929]" name="Oman" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Oman</collectingCountry>
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in coastal
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<collectingRegion id="498E1DA6C57CFFA2F07AF8DCFC42F813" box="[886,967,1905,1929]" country="Oman" name="Zufar" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Dhofar</collectingRegion>
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, on Masirah Island and the neighboring mainland, around the Sharqiya Sands (formerly Wahiba Sands) and Northwards to the Eastern
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<collectingCountry id="F35D93D4C57CFFA2F607F839FF7BF855" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">United Arab Emirates</collectingCountry>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4AA8C7C57CFFA2F204F81AFD8CF855" authorityName="Heyden" authorityYear="1827" box="[264,521,1975,1999]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Hemidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
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<emphasis id="B93E0F56C57CFFA2F204F81AFD8CF855" box="[264,521,1975,1999]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Hemidactylus robustus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also occurs in costal
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<collectingCountry id="F35D93D4C57CFFA2F1F6F81AFCAFF854" box="[762,810,1975,1998]" name="Iran" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Iran</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F35D93D4C57CFFA2F039F81AFC13F855" box="[821,918,1975,1999]" name="Pakistan" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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, in Gurajat (
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<collectingCountry id="F35D93D4C57CFFA2F72EF81AFBE4F855" box="[1058,1121,1975,1999]" name="India" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">India</collectingCountry>
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), along the African Red Sea coast of Southern
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<collectingCountry id="F35D93D4C57CFFA2F26EF877FE20F868" box="[354,421,2010,2034]" name="Egypt" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F35D93D4C57CFFA2F2D7F874FDA1F86B" box="[475,548,2009,2033]" name="Sudan" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Sudan</collectingCountry>
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, in
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<collectingCountry id="F35D93D4C57CFFA2F140F874FD1EF86B" box="[588,667,2009,2033]" name="Eritrea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
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, East
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<collectingCountry id="F35D93D4C57CFFA2F1D1F874FCBAF86B" box="[733,831,2009,2033]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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, Djibuti,
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<collectingCountry id="F35D93D4C57CFFA2F0ABF874FB86F86B" box="[935,1027,2009,2033]" name="Somalia" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Somalia</collectingCountry>
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and extreme Northeast
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<collectingCountry id="F35D93D4C57CFFA2F603F877FAD9F868" box="[1295,1372,2010,2034]" name="Kenya" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF3583CCC57BFFA5F39BF829FD54F843" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" startId="68.[151,244,1924,1945]" targetBox="[172,1416,191,1902]" targetPageId="68">
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<paragraph id="8BF5D344C57BFFA5F39BF829FD54F843" blockId="68.[151,1436,1924,2009]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis id="B93E0F56C57BFFA5F39BF829FE9CF803" bold="true" box="[151,281,1924,1945]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">FIGURE 32.</emphasis>
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Pictures of a live specimen and one locality of
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<emphasis id="B93E0F56C57BFFA5F1E2F829FCE0F803" box="[750,869,1924,1945]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4AA8C7C57BFFA5F1E2F829FCE4F803" authorityName="Heyden" authorityYear="1827" box="[750,865,1924,1945]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Hemidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">H. robustus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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A–C) unvouchered specimen from East Khor, Dhofar; D) picture of the locality 8 km W of Shannah, where representatives of the two divergent phylogenetic lineages of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4AA8C7C57BFFA5F7CAF80EFAB0F822" authorityName="Heyden" authorityYear="1827" box="[1222,1333,1955,1976]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Hemidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
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<emphasis id="B93E0F56C57BFFA5F7CAF80EFAB0F822" box="[1222,1333,1955,1976]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">H. robustus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have been found in sympatry (see main text, Fig. 5 and Appendix III).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BF5D344C57AFFA4F3CBFF3AFCD5FEFE" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,572]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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Available material from widely separated localities (
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<figureCitation id="1371CFC1C57AFFA4F016FF3AFCDBFF35" box="[794,862,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,244,1689,1710]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,243,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-89@15.[151,1436,233,1633]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Distribution map with all known localities of H. lemurinus, the localities of H. flaviviridis and H. robustus specimens included in the molecular analyses and the only locality of H. leschenaultii in Oman. Color dots indicate specimens included in the molecular analyses and listed in Table 1. Stars indicate Museum specimens not included in the molecular analyses. The acronym MHNG refers to the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de la Ville de Genève." pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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) in the
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<collectingCountry id="F35D93D4C57AFFA4F0B4FF3AFB36FF35" box="[952,1203,151,175]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">United Arab Emirates</collectingCountry>
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, Al Azaiba in North
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<collectingCountry id="F35D93D4C57AFFA4F39BFF11FF5BFF4E" box="[151,222,188,212]" name="Oman" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Oman</collectingCountry>
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,
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<quantity id="4CB27EA1C57AFFA4F3E6FF11FEA6FF4E" box="[234,291,188,212]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
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W of Shannah (opposite Masirah),
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<collectingRegion id="498E1DA6C57AFFA4F1B9FF11FC81FF4E" box="[693,772,188,212]" country="Oman" name="Zufar" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Dhofar</collectingRegion>
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||
(South
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<collectingCountry id="F35D93D4C57AFFA4F051FF11FC26FF4E" box="[861,931,188,212]" name="Oman" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Oman</collectingCountry>
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||
) and
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<collectingCountry id="F35D93D4C57AFFA4F0EEFF11FBB5FF49" box="[994,1072,188,211]" name="Yemen" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Yemen</collectingCountry>
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form a clade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1371CFC1C57AFFA4F7DFFF11FA93FF4E" box="[1235,1302,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,244,1802,1823]" captionTargetBox="[294,1293,193,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-180@19.[294,1314,185,1793]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree of 131 Hemidactylus specimens of the Arid clade (Carranza & Arnold, 2006) based on 2866 bp of concatenated sequences of four mitochondrial (12S, cyb, nd4 and tRNAs) and three nuclear (c-mos, mc1r and rag2) genes. Two specimens of H. flaviviridis were used to root the tree and have not been included in the figure. Tree topology and branch lengths are for the sampled tree with the highest likelihood by RaxML (100 searches, log likelihood = -20540.526926). Each sequence is labeled with the specimen code and taxa name (see Table 1). Maximum-likelihood bootstrap support values above 70% are indicated above branches and black dots by the nodes indicate a posterior probability value ≥ 0.95 in the Bayesian analysis. Age estimates inferred with BEAST are indicated in italics below some relevant nodes and include the mean and, between brackets, the HPD 95% confidence interval. Silhouettes of Hemidactylus taxa are not size-scaled." pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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) and are all genetically very similar, showing a low divergence from a specimen from Safaga,
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<collectingCountry id="F35D93D4C57AFFA4F73DFF4DFBF2FF62" box="[1073,1143,224,248]" name="Egypt" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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. In contrast, animals from Masirah Island and one from Shannah, on the nearby mainland, form a separate clade that differs by 8.7% in the
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<emphasis id="B93E0F56C57AFFA4F39BFE85FF43FEDA" box="[151,198,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">cytb</emphasis>
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and 3.6% in the
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<emphasis id="B93E0F56C57AFFA4F289FE85FE35FEDA" box="[389,432,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">12S</emphasis>
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. According to the results of the dating analysis inferred with Dataset 2, the two clades of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4AA8C7C57AFFA4F39BFEE0FE9DFEFE" authorityName="Heyden" authorityYear="1827" box="[151,280,332,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Hemidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
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<emphasis id="B93E0F56C57AFFA4F39BFEE0FE9DFEFE" box="[151,280,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">H. robustus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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split approximately 3.0 mya (95% HPD: 1.8–4.6).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF5D344C57AFFA4F3CBFEC2FDF5FDA6" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,572]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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Such divergence and restricted known coexistence at Shannah suggests that the two clades may represent separate species but, as yet, they are not associated with known morphological differences. The presence of two distinct mtDNA clades in Arabia suggests that
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<taxonomicName id="4C4AA8C7C57AFFA4F1D9FE14FCD8FE4A" authorityName="Heyden" authorityYear="1827" box="[725,861,440,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Hemidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E0F56C57AFFA4F1D9FE14FCD8FE4A" box="[725,861,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">H. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
originated there. The genetic uniformity of the geographically widespread clade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4AA8C7C57AFFA4F120FE70FD2BFE6E" authorityName="Heyden" authorityYear="1827" box="[556,686,476,500]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Hemidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E0F56C57AFFA4F120FE70FD2BFE6E" box="[556,686,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">H. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may indicate that it has spread over its very large range only quite recently. The frequent occurrence of this form in anthropogenic situations suggests that such dispersal may have been by inadvertent transport with people.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |