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<document id="C5949E143917A5CBF0FC72A8E6130993" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4750.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8c28e10d-e12c-4399-9bd1-bac99bac1fb4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3702869" ID-ZooBank="1A3B7CFF-292B-46AB-82E8-C78BA34618EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1583849282720" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Duarte, Paulo R. M. &amp; Grossi, Paschoal C." docDate="2020" docId="03E31B7A5904FFA3FF6CF8FABC41FD49" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4750.1.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4750 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bothynus tricornis Arrow 1937" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="108" masterDocId="FFDA63025902FFA4FFFBFFD5BE17FB1B" masterDocTitle="Bothynus entellus (LePeletier &amp; Serville) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) species group: taxonomic revision and description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="107" updateTime="1698726678812" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="0FD194FE68D4BBA0AEDBE75230A8C1D1">Bothynus entellus (LePeletier &amp; Serville) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) species group: taxonomic revision and description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D8C2FC6FFBCDD10838D9855D69F20A65">Duarte, Paulo R. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C305D5BBFF2BD658B0A2F58D196943D4">Grossi, Paschoal C.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03E31B7A5904FFA3FF6CF8FABC41FD49" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3706205" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162481358" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3706205" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E31B7A5904FFA3FF6CF8FABC41FD49" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E31B7A5904FFA3FF6CF8FABC41FD49" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
<subSubSection id="C350F9E75904FFA2FF6CF8FABC0EFC51" box="[151,537,1839,1866]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5904FFA2FF6CF8FABC0EFC51" blockId="6.[151,569,1839,1902]" box="[151,537,1839,1866]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
<heading id="D0BD1D005904FFA2FF6CF8FABC0EFC51" bold="true" box="[151,537,1839,1866]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C4AD1EF5904FFA2FF6CF8FABC0EFC51" authority="Arrow, 1937" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,537,1839,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricornis">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5904FFA2FF6CF8FABC0EFC51" bold="true" box="[151,537,1839,1866]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5904FFA2FF6CF8FABF6EFC51" bold="true" box="[151,377,1839,1866]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Bothynus tricornis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBD79D5904FFA2FE84F8FABC0EFC51" author="Arrow, G. J." box="[383,537,1839,1866]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" pagination="35 - 58" refId="ref10784" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1937) Systematic notes on beetles of the subfamily Dynastinae, with descriptions of a few species in the British Museum Collection (Coleoptera). The Royal Entomological Society of London, 86, 35 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1937. tb 00246. x" type="journal article" year="1937">Arrow, 1937</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C350F9E75904FFA2FF6CF886BC2EFC75" box="[151,569,1875,1902]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5904FFA2FF6CF886BC2EFC75" blockId="6.[151,569,1839,1902]" box="[151,569,1875,1902]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
(
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95904FFA2FF64F886BEFCFC75" box="[159,235,1875,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[239,1314,202,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1379,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bothynus tricornis. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, median male, dorsal view; C, minor male, dorsal view; D, female, dorsal view; E, hypomeron, ventral view (emargination, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702875/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
AE; 8C; 9C; 10C; 11C;12C)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C350F9E75904FFA2FF6CF84DBCC9FCAB" box="[151,734,1943,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5904FFA2FF6CF84DBCC9FCAB" blockId="6.[151,734,1943,1968]" box="[151,734,1943,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5A8D425904FFA2FF6CF84DBCC9FCAB" box="[151,734,1943,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
<treatmentCitation id="0AEB8C7D5904FFA2FF6CF84DBFEDFCAB" author="Arrow, G. J." box="[151,506,1943,1968]" page="45" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" year="1937">
<taxonomicName id="4C4AD1EF5904FFA2FF6CF84DBFEDFCAB" authority="Arrow 1937: 45" authorityName="Arrow" authorityPageNumber="45" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,506,1943,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricornis">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5904FFA2FF6CF84DBF44FCAB" box="[151,339,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Bothynus tricornis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBD79D5904FFA2FEA3F84DBFEDFCAB" author="Arrow, G. J." box="[344,506,1943,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" pagination="35 - 58" refId="ref10784" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1937) Systematic notes on beetles of the subfamily Dynastinae, with descriptions of a few species in the British Museum Collection (Coleoptera). The Royal Entomological Society of London, 86, 35 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1937. tb 00246. x" type="journal article" year="1937">Arrow 1937: 45</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(original description).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C350F9E75904FFA3FF6CF808BEC2FA7C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5904FFA3FF6CF808BEC2FA7C" blockId="6.[151,1436,2013,2041]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,1619]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5904FFA2FF6CF808BF05FCE3" bold="true" box="[151,274,2013,2040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4AD1EF5904FFA2FEE0F80BBFFAFCE3" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1937" box="[283,493,2014,2040]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricornis">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5904FFA2FEE0F80BBFFAFCE3" box="[283,493,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Bothynus tricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from other species of the group by the following combination of characters: major and median males with three remarkable pronotal horns (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FC28FF4DBA04FBA8" box="[979,1043,152,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[239,1314,202,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1379,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bothynus tricornis. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, median male, dorsal view; C, minor male, dorsal view; D, female, dorsal view; E, hypomeron, ventral view (emargination, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702875/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
AB); three tubercles instead horns in minors (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FEE9FF69BF7CFBCC" box="[274,363,188,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[239,1314,202,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1379,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bothynus tricornis. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, median male, dorsal view; C, minor male, dorsal view; D, female, dorsal view; E, hypomeron, ventral view (emargination, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702875/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
); pronotal concavity extremely deep (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FCEEFF69BD42FBCC" box="[789,853,188,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[239,1314,202,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1379,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bothynus tricornis. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, median male, dorsal view; C, minor male, dorsal view; D, female, dorsal view; E, hypomeron, ventral view (emargination, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702875/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A C); hypomeron emarginate in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FA94FF69BEADFBE0" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[239,1314,202,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1379,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bothynus tricornis. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, median male, dorsal view; C, minor male, dorsal view; D, female, dorsal view; E, hypomeron, ventral view (emargination, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702875/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
); parameres with rounded basal half and apical half with lateral flaps gradually expanded toward apex (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FACCFF35BB99FBE0" box="[1335,1422,224,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[218,1363,209,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[199,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Parameres in caudal view. A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. stenelus; C, B. tricornis; D, B. lancifer; E, B. araya; F, B. condacki (inner apical contraction, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702885/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
); female differs from other females of group by the pronotal concavity densely covered by coalescent punctures (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FA94FED1BEDDFA58" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1935,1960]" captionTargetBox="[196,1395,214,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[190,1398,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Pronotal surface of females in dorsal view. A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. stenelus; C, B. tricornis; D, B. araya. Proventrite of females in ventral view. E, Bothynus entellus (small furrows, arrow); F, B. araya (long furrow, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702889/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
); tergite VIII with apical invagination strongly emarginate and transverse about 7.9 times wider than long (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FA94FEFDBEDFFA7C" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1548,1573]" captionTargetBox="[210,1387,215,1512]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[159,1428,181,1523]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Tergite VIII, detail of the apical invagination (arrow). A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. stenelus; C, B. tricornis. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702891/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C350F9E75905FFA3FF3CFEA4BDE7F900" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5905FFA3FF3CFEA4BA94FAB4" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FF3CFEA4BF79FA90" bold="true" box="[199,366,368,395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Type material</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B22A0315905FFA3FE86FEA5BA94FAB4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575116275" collectionCode="NHM" collectorName="A. G. N. Chalmers" country="Brazil" location="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54F114CE5905FFA3FE86FEA5BFF2FA91" box="[381,485,368,394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male,
<taxonomicName id="4C4AD1EF5905FFA3FDC9FEA5BD8DFA90" authority="Arrow, 1937" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1937" box="[562,922,368,395]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricornis">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FDC9FEA5BD15FA91" box="[562,770,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Bothynus tricornis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBD79D5905FFA3FCF3FEA4BD8DFA90" author="Arrow, G. J." box="[776,922,369,395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="35 - 58" refId="ref10784" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1937) Systematic notes on beetles of the subfamily Dynastinae, with descriptions of a few species in the British Museum Collection (Coleoptera). The Royal Entomological Society of London, 86, 35 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1937. tb 00246. x" type="journal article" year="1937">Arrow, 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: examined (
<collectionCode id="ED5B32A95905FFA3FBD9FEA4BA7DFA90" box="[1058,1130,369,395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">NHM</collectionCode>
). Labeled: “
<collectingCountry id="F35DEAFC5905FFA3FB0AFEA5BB2BFA91" box="[1265,1340,368,394]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: Sabara- Bello [Sabará-Belo] Horizonte, Rio das Velhao [Velhas],
<collectorName id="26BFCFBA5905FFA3FCECFE41BDC0FAB5" box="[791,983,404,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">A.G.N.Chalmers</collectorName>
, B.M.
<date id="FFF48CAC5905FFA3FBE2FE40BA6FFAB4" box="[1049,1144,405,431]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" value="1932-02">1932-II.</date>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5905FFA3FF3CFE6DBDE7F900" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FF3CFE6DBC2AFAC8" bold="true" box="[199,573,440,467]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B22A0315905FFA3FDB3FE6DBF93FAED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575116346" collectingDate="2014-11" country="Brazil" location="Taiobeiras" municipality="Mirandopolis" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="6" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<specimenCount id="9D4C61E55905FFA3FDB3FE6DBCB4FAC9" box="[584,675,440,466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D4C61E55905FFA3FD19FE6CBD41FAC9" box="[738,854,440,467]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
.
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FC9EFE6DBDBAFAC8" bold="true" box="[869,941,440,467]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<collectingCountry id="F35DEAFC5905FFA3FC9EFE6DBDBAFAC8" box="[869,941,440,467]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Brasil</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FC3BFE6DBA72FAC8" bold="true" box="[960,1125,440,467]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<collectingRegion id="498E648E5905FFA3FC3BFE6DBA72FAC8" box="[960,1125,440,467]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9130165905FFA3FB83FE6DBB05FAC9" box="[1144,1298,440,466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Mirandópolis</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E95FCB75905FFA3FADAFE6DBB8FFAC9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E31B7A5904FFA3FF6CF8FABC41FD49:8E95FCB75905FFA3FADAFE6DBB8FFAC9" box="[1313,1432,440,466]" country="Brazil" municipality="Mirandopolis" name="Taiobeiras" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Taiobeiras</location>
,
<date id="FFF48CAC5905FFA3FF6CFE08BEE1FAEC" box="[151,246,477,503]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" value="2014-11">
<collectingDate id="EFB075445905FFA3FF6CFE08BEE1FAEC" box="[151,246,477,503]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" value="2014-11">XI.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, R. Koike—
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B22A0315905FFA3FE7FFE09BDDBFAEC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575116349" box="[388,972,476,503]" collectingDate="2006-10-12" collectionCode="CERPE" country="Brazil" location="Perdoes" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<specimenCount id="9D4C61E55905FFA3FE7FFE09BFB4FAED" box="[388,419,476,502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D4C61E55905FFA3FE52FE08BFDBFAEC" box="[425,460,477,503]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5B32A95905FFA3FE21FE08BC2FFAEC" box="[474,568,477,503]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">CERPE</collectionCode>
);
<location id="8E95FCB75905FFA3FDB1FE09BCB1FAED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E31B7A5904FFA3FF6CF8FABC41FD49:8E95FCB75905FFA3FDB1FE09BCB1FAED" box="[586,678,476,502]" country="Brazil" name="Perdoes" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Perdões</location>
,
<date id="FFF48CAC5905FFA3FD54FE09BD3FFAED" box="[687,808,476,502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" value="2006-10-12">
<collectingDate id="EFB075445905FFA3FD54FE09BD3FFAED" box="[687,808,476,502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" value="2006-10-12">12.X.2006</collectingDate>
</date>
, F. Campos—
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B22A0315905FFA3FC37FE08BB8BFAED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575116316" box="[972,1436,476,503]" collectingDate="1963-10-24" collectionCode="EPGC" country="Brazil" location="Passos" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<specimenCount id="9D4C61E55905FFA3FC37FE08BDFFFAEC" box="[972,1000,477,503]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5B32A95905FFA3FC0EFE08BA54FAEC" box="[1013,1091,477,503]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">EPGC</collectionCode>
);
<location id="8E95FCB75905FFA3FBAEFE08BAB5FAEC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E31B7A5904FFA3FF6CF8FABC41FD49:8E95FCB75905FFA3FBAEFE08BAB5FAEC" box="[1109,1186,477,503]" country="Brazil" name="Passos" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Passos</location>
,
<date id="FFF48CAC5905FFA3FB56FE09BB35FAED" box="[1197,1314,476,502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" value="1963-10-24">
<collectingDate id="EFB075445905FFA3FB56FE09BB35FAED" box="[1197,1314,476,502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" value="1963-10-24">24.X.1963</collectingDate>
</date>
C. Elias—
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B22A0315905FFA3FF6CFDD4BD7EF901" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575116314" box="[151,873,512,539]" collectionCode="DZUP" country="Brazil" location="Teresopolis" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">
<specimenCount id="9D4C61E55905FFA3FF6CFDD4BEADF900" box="[151,186,513,539]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5B32A95905FFA3FF32FDD4BF0EF900" box="[201,281,513,539]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FED0FDD5BFCEF900" bold="true" box="[299,473,512,539]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<collectingRegion id="498E648E5905FFA3FED0FDD5BFCEF900" box="[299,473,512,539]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="8E95FCB75905FFA3FE1CFDD5BC7CF901" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E31B7A5904FFA3FF6CF8FABC41FD49:8E95FCB75905FFA3FE1CFDD5BC7CF901" box="[487,619,512,538]" country="Brazil" name="Teresopolis" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Teresópolis</location>
, no date, P. Schirch—
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B22A0315905FFA3FC92FDD5BDFBF900" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575116352" box="[873,1004,512,539]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">
<specimenCount id="9D4C61E55905FFA3FC92FDD5BD93F901" box="[873,900,512,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5B32A95905FFA3FC68FDD4BDF3F900" box="[915,996,513,539]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">MNRJ</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C350F9E75905FFA3FF3CFDF1BC41FD49" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5905FFA3FF3CFDF1BC7BFFDC" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FF3CFDF1BF7AF924" bold="true" box="[199,365,548,575]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Redescription</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FE80FDF0BFAFF924" bold="true" box="[379,440,549,575]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Male</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FE3FFDF0BC43F924" bold="true" box="[452,596,549,575]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Body length</emphasis>
: 25.0
<quantity id="4CB207895905FFA3FD59FDF1BD11F924" box="[674,774,548,575]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.01" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="30.1">30.1 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FCEBFDF0BD8FF924" bold="true" box="[784,920,548,575]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Body width</emphasis>
: 11.013.0 mm.
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FBAFFDF1BA8FF924" bold="true" box="[1108,1176,548,575]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Color</emphasis>
: Completely dark (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FA94FDF1BEB4F978" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[239,1314,202,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1379,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bothynus tricornis. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, median male, dorsal view; C, minor male, dorsal view; D, female, dorsal view; E, hypomeron, ventral view (emargination, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702875/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
AC).
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FF0EFD9CBF22F978" bold="true" box="[245,309,585,611]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Head</emphasis>
: Clypeus subpentagonal, moderately arched at middle, surface densely rugopunctate, with scarce setae on sides, apical half strongly constricted laterally, basal half with subparallel raised sides. Frontoclypeal suture with 2 strong, slender tubercles. Interocular width equals 2.4 transverse eye diameters; frontal surface densely rugopunctate, setose on sides. Eye canthus subtriangular.
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FCD7FD60BDACF9D4" bold="true" box="[812,955,693,719]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Mouthparts</emphasis>
: Mandibles bidentate, teeth conic, strong. Maxilla with quadridentate galea; 1 strong tooth at apex, apical, 3 moderate teeth at base.
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FB7AFD0CBAEDF9E8" bold="true" box="[1153,1274,729,755]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Pronotum</emphasis>
: Horned, with 3 remarkable upcurved horns (1 horn on each side, 1 horn on apex); concavity strongly deep, broad, occupying about ½ of pronotal area. Major males with bifurcated horns; apical horn exceeding the head length, covering it partially in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FE57FC91BC10F844" box="[428,519,836,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[239,1314,202,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1379,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bothynus tricornis. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, median male, dorsal view; C, minor male, dorsal view; D, female, dorsal view; E, hypomeron, ventral view (emargination, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702875/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Median males with weak apical bifurcation; apical horn not exceeding the head length (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FF16FCBDBF52F898" box="[237,325,872,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[239,1314,202,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1379,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bothynus tricornis. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, median male, dorsal view; C, minor male, dorsal view; D, female, dorsal view; E, hypomeron, ventral view (emargination, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702875/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Minor males with pronotal tubercles instead of horns (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FC3AFCBDBA0DF898" box="[961,1050,872,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[239,1314,202,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1379,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bothynus tricornis. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, median male, dorsal view; C, minor male, dorsal view; D, female, dorsal view; E, hypomeron, ventral view (emargination, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702875/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Pronotal surface finely punctate, with few setae scattered on anterior area; anterior angles strongly constricted in frontal view.
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FB60FC59BB45F8BC" bold="true" box="[1179,1362,908,935]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Scutellar shield</emphasis>
: From parabolic to subtriangular.
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FE39FC64BC19F8D0" bold="true" box="[450,526,945,971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Elytra</emphasis>
: Nearly completely smooth, striae barely marked, punctures only observed under 90X magnification.
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FE8CFC00BFD0F8F4" bold="true" box="[375,455,981,1007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Venter</emphasis>
: Hypomeron strongly emarginate in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FC06FC01BA43F8F4" box="[1021,1108,980,1007]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[239,1314,202,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1379,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bothynus tricornis. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, median male, dorsal view; C, minor male, dorsal view; D, female, dorsal view; E, hypomeron, ventral view (emargination, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702875/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FB9CFC00BA88F8F4" bold="true" box="[1127,1183,981,1007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Legs</emphasis>
: Metatibia with spatulate internal spur.
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FE99FC2DBFC0FF08" bold="true" box="[354,471,1016,1043]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Ventrites III completely setose, IIIIV with an incomplete row of setose punctures, V with a complete row of punctures, VI bordered with long setae on apex. Stridulatory apparatus of tergite VII with 2 bands of finely carinae, interrupted by a mid-line nearly reaching the apical margin. Tergite VIII rugopunctate on sides, discal area weakly punctate or smooth.
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FD31FBB1BD2AFF64" bold="true" box="[714,829,1124,1151]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Aedeagus</emphasis>
: Parameres in caudal view (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FB78FBB1BACBFF64" box="[1155,1244,1124,1151]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[218,1363,209,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[199,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Parameres in caudal view. A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. stenelus; C, B. tricornis; D, B. lancifer; E, B. araya; F, B. condacki (inner apical contraction, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702885/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
), basal half with rounded outer sides, middle area strongly constricted on sides, apical half with divergent lateral flaps. In lateral view, apex downcurved, obtuse (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FDFDFB79BC48FFDC" box="[518,607,1196,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1966,1991]" captionTargetBox="[176,1404,727,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[170,1417,705,1941]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Aedeagus in lateral view. A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. stenelus; C, B. tricornis; D, B. lancifer (lateroventral contraction, arrow); E, B. araya; F, B. condacki. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702887/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5905FFA3FF3CFB04BD99FE84" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FF3CFB04BF09FFF0" bold="true" box="[199,286,1233,1259]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FED5FB05BF9FFFF0" box="[302,392,1232,1259]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[239,1314,202,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[208,1379,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bothynus tricornis. A, Major male, dorsal view; B, median male, dorsal view; C, minor male, dorsal view; D, female, dorsal view; E, hypomeron, ventral view (emargination, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702875/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FE66FB04BC3AFFF0" bold="true" box="[413,557,1233,1259]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Body length</emphasis>
:
<quantity id="4CB207895905FFA3FDC7FB04BCF5FFF0" box="[572,738,1233,1259]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.545" metricValueMax="2.71" metricValueMin="2.38" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="25.45" valueMax="27.1" valueMin="23.8">23.827.1 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FD16FB04BD60FFF0" bold="true" box="[749,887,1232,1259]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Body width</emphasis>
: 14.515.0 mm. Female differs from male in the following aspects:
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FE91FB20BFBDFE14" bold="true" box="[362,426,1269,1295]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Head</emphasis>
: Frons with slightly convex basal area.
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FC9FFB20BDF1FE14" bold="true" box="[868,998,1269,1295]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Pronotum:</emphasis>
Simple convex, anteriorly with a small apical tubercle followed by a shallow concavity confined to anterior area; anterior angles densely punctate; concavity densely covered with coalescent punctures (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FD4EFAE9BD09FE4C" box="[693,798,1340,1367]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1935,1960]" captionTargetBox="[196,1395,214,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[190,1398,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Pronotal surface of females in dorsal view. A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. stenelus; C, B. tricornis; D, B. araya. Proventrite of females in ventral view. E, Bothynus entellus (small furrows, arrow); F, B. araya (long furrow, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702889/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
); discal area moderately punctate.
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FB56FAE8BAF2FE4C" bold="true" box="[1197,1253,1341,1367]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Legs</emphasis>
: Inner protarsal claw simple, similar to outer claw.
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FDE0FAB5BC87FE60" bold="true" box="[539,656,1376,1403]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Ventrite VI triangular. Tergite VIII with subtrapezoidal shaped apical invagination, transverse about 7.9 times wider than long (
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FCE7FA51BD96FE84" box="[796,897,1412,1439]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1548,1573]" captionTargetBox="[210,1387,215,1512]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[159,1428,181,1523]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Tergite VIII, detail of the apical invagination (arrow). A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. stenelus; C, B. tricornis. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702891/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5905FFA3FF3CFA7DBC41FD49" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FF3CFA7DBFFEFED8" bold="true" box="[199,489,1448,1475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="F35DEAFC5905FFA3FE03FA7DBC56FED9" box="[504,577,1448,1474]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Brazil</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="498E648E5905FFA3FDB7FA7DBCF1FED9" box="[588,742,1448,1474]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="498E648E5905FFA3FD09FA7DBD82FED9" box="[754,917,1448,1474]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FC5EFA7DBA1AFED8" box="[933,1037,1448,1475]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1969,1994]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,230,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[195,1393,181,1944]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 12. Distribution map of the Bothynus entellus species group. A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. stenelus; C, B. tricornis; D, B. lancifer; E, B. araya; F, B. condacki." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702893/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C4AD1EF5905FFA3FBDAFA7DBAE6FED9" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1937" box="[1057,1265,1448,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricornis">
<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FBDAFA7DBAE6FED9" box="[1057,1265,1448,1474]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Bothynus tricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in transitional areas between Atlantic rainforest and Cerrado, with some occurrence from the Brazilian Atlantic coastal rainforest. It is apparently a rare species, which has not been collected nor registered in literature since
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBD79D5905FFA3FAB9FA25BECCFD35" author="Endrodi, S." pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref11147" refString="Endrodi, S. (1969) Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: Pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). Entomologische Abhandlungen. Museum fur Tierkunde, Dresden, 37, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="1969">Endrödi (1969</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBD79D5905FFA3FF1CF9C1BF37FD34" author="Endrodi, S." box="[231,288,1556,1583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" refId="ref11184" refString="Endrodi, S. (1985) The Dynastinae of the World. W. Junk, Dordrecht, 800 pp." type="book" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
) (who also cited records from the states of
<collectingRegion id="498E648E5905FFA3FCF5F9C1BDB8FD34" box="[782,943,1556,1583]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="498E648E5905FFA3FC1CF9C0BA86FD34" box="[999,1169,1556,1583]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
). Recently a population was found in the north of
<collectingRegion id="498E648E5905FFA3FE43F9EDBC45FD49" box="[440,594,1592,1618]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>