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<document id="04948AD16ED7D733C9001F30EF26875C" ID-DOI="10.26879/746" ID-ISSN="1094-8074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10961491" ID-ZooBank="138AE090-E19F-442E-8BDF-13B8401B755E" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1712855266421" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cisneros, Atzcalli Ehécatl Hernández" docDate="2018" docId="03E187C70F4AFFFC057DFB2FFAD5FDD5" docLanguage="en" docName="PalaeontolElectron.21.1.7A.pdf" docOrigin="Palaeontologia Electronica (7 A) 21 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/746" docStyle="DocumentStyle:322FC57CC99045555090E8A84CFB029A.3:PalaeontolElectron.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="322FC57CC99045555090E8A84CFB029A" docStyleName="PalaeontolElectron.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Tlaxcallicetus Cisneros 2018, new genus" docType="treatment" docUuid="620CDBE7-4B64-4815-A38F-F1CEA9A76958" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFD8FFBF0F4FFFFB0429FFF6FFFEFFB7" masterDocTitle="A new group of late Oligocene mysticetes from México" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1713998747296" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="ECD32B0D2FD6E868D07F97DCB5F9E0DD">A new group of late Oligocene mysticetes from México</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DC71DB654A384ED7AFD028C477FF0342">Cisneros, Atzcalli Ehécatl Hernández</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="634351F9245E7D2732535B884530BC43">Palaeontologia Electronica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E637F757DC933B51487E3F73EF6BE8B7">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="9EFFC815713B2ACEF3DB15EBF76B9571">7 A</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="D8B24707E706534A69D072A8A015B975">2018-03-31</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E187C70F4AFFFC057DFB2FFAD5FDD5" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:620CDBE7-4B64-4815-A38F-F1CEA9A76958" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187C70F4AFFFC057DFB2FFAD5FDD5" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<subSubSection id="C352655A0F4AFFFE057DFB2FFD7DFB45" box="[340,643,1241,1266]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F4AFFFE057DFB2FFD7DFB45" blockId="5.[214,770,1080,1298]" box="[340,643,1241,1266]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="D0BF81BD0F4AFFFE057DFB2FFD7DFB45" box="[340,643,1241,1266]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="7">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE057DFB2FFE05FB45" box="[340,507,1241,1266]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE057DFB2FFE09FB45" authority="Cisneros, 2018" authorityName="Cisneros" authorityYear="2018" box="[340,503,1241,1266]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Tlaxcallicetus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20F57B80F4AFFFE062AFB2FFD7DFB45" box="[515,643,1241,1266]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C352655A0F4AFFFE0589FB0FFCFEFA80" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F4AFFFE0589FB0FFDC6FAA5" blockId="5.[214,770,1080,1298]" box="[416,568,1273,1298]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
(
<figureCitation id="13732A540F4AFFFE058FFB0FFDCFFAA5" box="[422,561,1273,1298]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStart-3="FIGURE 6" captionStart-4="FIGURE 7" captionStart-5="FIGURE 8" captionStart-6="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="8.[197,288,1318,1341]" captionStartId-1="9.[195,286,1461,1484]" captionStartId-2="10.[197,288,1306,1329]" captionStartId-3="11.[197,288,1396,1419]" captionStartId-4="12.[200,291,616,639]" captionStartId-5="12.[192,283,1850,1873]" captionStartId-6="13.[197,288,1091,1114]" captionTargetBox-0="[230,1425,163,1272]" captionTargetBox-1="[201,1434,165,1443]" captionTargetBox-2="[214,1417,178,1267]" captionTargetBox-3="[206,1429,167,1365]" captionTargetBox-4="[198,1433,162,586]" captionTargetBox-5="[204,1435,941,1816]" captionTargetBox-6="[212,1422,169,1061]" captionTargetId-0="figure-207@8.[201,1432,162,1295]" captionTargetId-1="figure-195@9.[201,1434,165,1443]" captionTargetId-2="figure-256@10.[200,1433,162,1284]" captionTargetId-3="figure-216@11.[206,1429,167,1365]" captionTargetId-4="figure-101@12.[198,1437,162,586]" captionTargetId-5="figure-120@12.[196,1436,937,1817]" captionTargetId-6="figure-363@13.[209,1429,167,1064]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionTargetPageId-5="12" captionTargetPageId-6="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, dorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, ventral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, frontal view." captionText-3="FIGURE 6. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, posterior view." captionText-4="FIGURE 7. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, lateral view." captionText-5="FIGURE 8. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), ear region (1) with the left periotic bone (2-4), ventral view. Pars cochlearis (3), posteromedial view." captionText-6="FIGURE 9. Detailed features of Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), (1) pitted edge in the glenoid fossa that suggest a fibrocartilaginous joint; (2) inflated and rounded squamosal prominence; (3) external occipital sulcus on the posterior middle part of the supraoccipital." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961497" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961499" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961501" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961507" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961511" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961513" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10961497/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10961499/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10961501/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10961507/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/10961511/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/10961513/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figures 3-9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F4AFFFE04E9FAD5FCFEFA80" blockId="5.[192,768,1315,1335]" box="[192,768,1315,1335]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE04E9FAD5FCFEFA80" bold="true" box="[192,768,1315,1335]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
zoobank.org/
<uuid id="FFEE0C040F4AFFFE0561FAD5FCFEFA80" box="[328,768,1315,1335]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">620CDBE7-4B64-4815-A38F-F1CEA9A76958</uuid>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C352655A0F4AFFFE04E9FABFFE32FA55" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F4AFFFE04E9FABFFF06FA35" blockId="5.[192,793,1353,1890]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE04E9FABFFE90FAD5" bold="true" box="[192,366,1353,1378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="54F388730F4AFFFE04E9FABFFF02FAD5" box="[192,252,1353,1378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE055FFABFFD65FAD5" authority="Cisneros, 2018" authorityName="Cisneros" authorityYear="2018" box="[374,667,1353,1378]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE055FFABFFD65FAD5" box="[374,667,1353,1378]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20F57B80F4AFFFE0682FABFFF0AFA35" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F4AFFFE04E9FA7FFE32FA55" blockId="5.[192,793,1353,1890]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE04E9FA7FFE5DFA15" bold="true" box="[192,419,1417,1442]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Included species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE0599FA7FFD27FA15" authorityName="Cisneros" authorityYear="2018" box="[432,729,1417,1442]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE0599FA7FFD27FA15" box="[432,729,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED59AE140F4AFFFE06C5FA7FFCE6FA15" box="[748,792,1417,1442]" country="USA" name="Midwestern University" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MU</collectionCode>
EcSj5/06/31)
<materialsCitation id="3B203C8C0F4AFFFE0541FA5FFE36FA55" country="Mexico" location="Baja California Sur" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Baja California Sur">
new species, late Oligocene,
<collectingRegion id="498CF8330F4AFFFE06CAFA5FFE9AFA55" country="Mexico" name="Baja California Sur" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Baja California Sur</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35F76410F4AFFFE0546FA3FFE36FA55" box="[367,456,1481,1506]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C352655A0F4AFFFC04E9FA1FFE49FEB5" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F4AFFFE04E9FA1FFBC3FDD5" blockId="5.[192,793,1353,1890]" lastBlockId="5.[840,1441,168,1890]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE04E9FA1FFEB9F9B5" bold="true" box="[192,327,1513,1538]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Group of stem mysticetes characterized by a massive cranium. Broad supraoccipital with a concave surface and triangular profile (
<figureCitation id="13732A540F4AFFFE06C1F9DFFEFBF9D5" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[197,288,1318,1341]" captionTargetBox="[230,1425,163,1272]" captionTargetId="figure-207@8.[201,1432,162,1295]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961497/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 3</figureCitation>
); opening of the foramen magnum with an inverted trapezoidal outline; as well a thick zygomatic process, dorsoventrally and mediolaterally (
<figureCitation id="13732A540F4AFFFE04EFF95FFED1F975" box="[198,303,1705,1730]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[197,288,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[206,1429,167,1365]" captionTargetId="figure-216@11.[206,1429,167,1365]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, posterior view." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 6</figureCitation>
). The posterior end of the nuchal crest is elevated in vertical as in basilosaurids (
<figureCitation id="13732A540F4AFFFE0689F93FFCF5F955" box="[672,779,1737,1762]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[200,291,616,639]" captionTargetBox="[198,1433,162,586]" captionTargetId="figure-101@12.[198,1437,162,586]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961507/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 7</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE04E9F91FFE9EF8B5" authorityName="Cisneros" authorityYear="2018" box="[192,352,1769,1794]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE04E9F91FFE9EF8B5" box="[192,352,1769,1794]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tlaxcallicetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows the following autapomorphic features:
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE051EF8FFFEC3F895" box="[311,317,1801,1826]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">i</emphasis>
) a periotic with a long and flattened anteroposteriorly compound posterior process (derived feature);
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE05B7F8BFFE54F8D5" box="[414,426,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ii</emphasis>
) a head of the periotic (pars cochlearis, body of the periotic and anterior process) anteroposteriorly compressed and dorsoventrally expanded with ovoid form, in lateral and medial views;
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE07DDFEFFFBF8FE95" box="[1012,1030,265,290]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">iii</emphasis>
) an anterior process transversally thin like a lamina with an anterodorsal angle prominent as a linguiform outline, which is approximately more than twice the dorsoventral depth size of the pars cochlearis;
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE0034FE7FFBCEFE15" box="[1053,1072,393,418]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">iv</emphasis>
) presence of a basioccipital crest anteroposteriorly longest and thick with a similar profile as “J”;
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE0075FE3FFB97FE55" box="[1116,1129,457,482]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">v</emphasis>
) a prominent exoccipital directed posteriorly, and dorsoventrally thick (~
<quantity id="4CB09B340F4AFFFE0156FE1FFC8AFD95" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
at posterior end) with a semicircular outline in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE07CAFDDFFC08FDF5" box="[995,1014,553,578]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">vi</emphasis>
) and presence of a non-prominent postglenoid process.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F4AFFFC07ABFD9FFE49FEB5" blockId="5.[840,1441,168,1890]" lastBlockId="7.[192,793,169,450]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE07ABFD9FFBDCFD35" authorityName="Cisneros" authorityYear="2018" box="[898,1058,617,642]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE07ABFD9FFBDCFD35" box="[898,1058,617,642]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tlaxcallicetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mainly differentiates from other described Oligocene stem
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE00A2FD7FFB0DFD15" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1864" box="[1163,1267,649,674]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Mysticeti">Mysticeti</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE012AFD7FFA63FD15" box="[1283,1437,649,674]" class="Mammalia" family="Aetiocetidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Aetiocetidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE0761FD5FFBD9FD75" box="[840,1063,681,706]" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Mammalodontidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE0058FD5FFAD4FD75" baseAuthorityName="Peredo and Uhen" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[1137,1322,681,706]" class="Mammalia" family="Eomysticetidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Eomysticetidae</taxonomicName>
, and
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE0761FD3EFB34FD55" box="[840,1226,712,738]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE0761FD3EFC3DFD55" authorityName="Peredo &amp; Uhen" authorityYear="2016" box="[840,963,712,738]" class="Mammalia" genus="Sitsqwayk" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sitsqwayk</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE07E7FD3FFBB4FD55" authorityName="Benham" authorityYear="1939" box="[974,1098,713,738]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Mauicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mauicetus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE007FFD3FFB38FD55" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Fordyce" authorityYear="2015" box="[1110,1222,713,738]" class="Mammalia" genus="Horopeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Horopeta</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE012FFD3FFA85FD55" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Fordyce" authorityYear="2016" box="[1286,1403,713,738]" class="Mammalia" genus="Whakakai" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE012FFD3FFA85FD55" box="[1286,1403,713,738]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Whakakai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in a periotic bone with a compound posterior process (posterior processes of bulla and periotic fused) and the ovoid head of the periotic.
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE00CCFCDFFA7BFCF5" authorityName="Cisneros" authorityYear="2018" box="[1253,1413,809,834]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE00CCFCDFFA7BFCF5" box="[1253,1413,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tlaxcallicetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is interpreted as a chaeomysticete based on the next derived features: a compound posterior process of the periotic; transversally widened intertemporal constriction; and a postglenoid process of the squamosal posteriorly directed in lateral view (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F4AFFFE0767FC1EFB24FBB5" author="Hernandez-Cisneros, A. E. &amp; Gonzalez-Barba, G. &amp; Fordyce R. E." box="[846,1242,1000,1026]" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de la Sociedad Geologica Mexicana" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="149 - 173" part="69" refId="ref11888" refString="Hernandez-Cisneros, A. E., Gonzalez-Barba, G., and Fordyce R. E. 2017. Oligocene cetaceans from Baja California Sur, Mexico. Boletin de la Sociedad Geologica Mexicana, 69: 149 - 173." title="Oligocene cetaceans from Baja California Sur, Mexico" type="book" year="2017">Hernández-Cisneros et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Thus,
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE011EFC1FFC76FB95" authorityName="Cisneros" authorityYear="2018" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE011EFC1FFC76FB95" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tlaxcallicetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is readily distinct from toothed forms (
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE017DFBFFFC5CFBF5" class="Mammalia" family="Llanocetidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Llanocetidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE07EAFBDFFB5CFBF5" box="[963,1186,1065,1090]" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Mammalodontidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE00EBFBDFFAA9FBF5" box="[1218,1367,1065,1090]" class="Mammalia" family="Aetiocetidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Aetiocetidae</taxonomicName>
) but remnant teeth as in eomysticetids is unknown (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F4AFFFE0761FB9FFB03FB35" author="Boessenecker, R. W. &amp; Fordyce, R. E." box="[840,1277,1129,1154]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="607 - 660" part="175" refId="ref10194" refString="Boessenecker, R. W. and Fordyce, R. E. 2015 a. A new genus and species of eomysticetid (Cetacea: Mysticeti) and a reinterpretation of ' Mauicetus' lophocephalus Marples, 1956: Transitional baleen whales from the upper Oligocene of New Zealand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175: 607 - 660. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12297" title="A new genus and species of eomysticetid (Cetacea: Mysticeti) and a reinterpretation of ' Mauicetus' lophocephalus Marples, 1956: Transitional baleen whales from the upper Oligocene of New Zealand" type="journal article" year="2015">Boessenecker and Fordyce, 2015a</bibRefCitation>
). It is largely different from
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE07D8FB7FFB54FB15" baseAuthorityName="Peredo and Uhen" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[1009,1194,1161,1186]" class="Mammalia" family="Eomysticetidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Eomysticetidae</taxonomicName>
: in a zygomatic process of squamosal with an inflated and rounded squamosal prominence, as well as a posteriorly divergent basioccipital crest; from
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE00C6FB1EFC42FA95" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE00C6FB1EFC46FA95" authorityName="Peredo and Uhen" authorityYear="2016" class="Mammalia" genus="Sitsqwayk" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornishorum">Sitsqwayk cornishorum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
in an opening of the foramen magnum with an inverted trapezoidal outline, presence of a thick basioccipital crest that is laterally directed near to or at right angle to the long axis of the skull; from
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE07A5FA7FFBABFA15" box="[908,1109,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE07A5FA7FFBAFFA15" authorityName="Benham" authorityYear="1937" box="[908,1105,1417,1442]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Mauicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parki">Mauicetus parki</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
in a deeply concave and broad supraoccipital, a posteriorly divergent basioccipital crest, a periotic with a vertical anterior keel and a reduced suprameatal area; from
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE0166FA1FFC23F995" authorityName="Tsai and Fordyce" authorityYear="2015" class="Mammalia" genus="Horopeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umarere">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE0166FA1FFC23F995" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Horopeta umarere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE000AF9FFFAF6F995" box="[1059,1288,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE000AF9FFFAFDF995" authorityName="Tsai and Fordyce" authorityYear="2016" box="[1059,1283,1545,1570]" class="Mammalia" genus="Whakakai" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waipata">Whakakai waipata</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
in a deeply concave and broad supraoccipital, an internal acoustic meatus as a single aperture, and a reduced suprameatal area.
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE008CF99FFABBF935" authorityName="Cisneros" authorityYear="2018" box="[1189,1349,1641,1666]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE008CF99FFABBF935" box="[1189,1349,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tlaxcallicetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows several plesiomorphic features: a vertical profile of the nuchal crest at the posterior part, a developed superior process of the periotic, an internal acoustic meatus as a single aperture and a presence of a low transverse crest, a straight medial profile of pars cochlearis, and a presence of fovea epitubaria. The latter features make
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F4AFFFE00FAF8BFFA8DF8D5" authorityName="Cisneros" authorityYear="2018" box="[1235,1395,1865,1890]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F4AFFFE00FAF8BFFA8DF8D5" box="[1235,1395,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tlaxcallicetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
different from the crown
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC062AFF5FFD95FF75" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1864" box="[515,619,169,194]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Mysticeti">Mysticeti</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC06A0FF5FFCEBFF75" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[649,789,169,194]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Balaenidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC04E9FF3EFE9DFF55" box="[192,355,200,226]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cetotheriidae</taxonomicName>
, and Balaenopteroidea,
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC06A2FF3FFD2CFF55" box="[651,722,201,226]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F48FFFC06F4FF3FFE52FEB5" author="Marx, F. G. &amp; Fordyce, R. E." journalOrPublisher="Royal Society Open Science" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="140434" part="2" refId="ref12027" refString="Marx, F. G. and Fordyce, R. E. 2015. Baleen boom and bust: a synthesis of mysticete phylogeny, diversity and disparity. Royal Society Open Science, 2: 140434. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsos. 140434" title="Baleen boom and bust: a synthesis of mysticete phylogeny, diversity and disparity" type="book" year="2015">Marx and Fordyce [2015]</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3766590F49FFFD04ECF90CFDEEF8DE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961495" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10961495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961495/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[197,288,1786,1809]" targetBox="[327,1308,172,1748]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F49FFFD04ECF90CFDEEF8DE" blockId="6.[197,1428,1786,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F49FFFD04ECF90CFEC4F8A6" bold="true" box="[197,314,1786,1809]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
General stratigraphy and observations at mesa El Tesoro; 1) view of the strata over the mined phosphatic Humboldt bed; 2-3) position of the gray phosphatic sandstone over the Humboldt bed; 4) fossils
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F49FFFD00C8F8E1FECBF8FB" authorityName="Cisneros" authorityYear="2018" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F49FFFD00C8F8E1FA8FF899" box="[1249,1393,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tlaxcallicetus</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F49FFFD04ECF8C3FECBF8FB" box="[197,309,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">guaycurae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F49FFFD0516F8C3FE7EF8FB" box="[319,384,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">in situ</emphasis>
in the gray phosphatic sandstone and 5) ventral view, left ear region of
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F49FFFD00B7F8C3FAA5F8FB" box="[1182,1371,1845,1868]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F49FFFD00B7F8C3FAD0F8FB" box="[1182,1326,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tlaxcallicetus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, field observation at mesa El Tesoro.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C352655A0F48FFFC04E9FEFFFE33FE75" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F48FFFC04E9FEFFFE33FE75" blockId="7.[192,793,169,450]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC04E9FEFFFEB3FE95" bold="true" box="[192,333,265,290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology.</emphasis>
From
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC05B3FEFFFE04FE95" box="[410,506,265,290]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">tlaxcal-li</emphasis>
(Nahuatl), which means tortilla (‘cornbread’), a Mexican iconic food, and refers to
<collectingRegion id="498CF8330F48FFFC0500FEBFFE72FED5" box="[297,396,329,354]" country="Mexico" name="Tlaxcala" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tlaxcala</collectingRegion>
‘the place of tortillas’. From
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC06F1FEBFFCE6FED5" box="[728,792,329,354]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">cetus</emphasis>
(Greek) that enunciates any large sea creature.
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC04E9FE7FFED7FE15" box="[192,297,393,418]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tlaxcal-li</emphasis>
alludes to the transversally thin anterior process of the periotic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C352655A0F48FFFC04E9FE2EFAD5FDD5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F48FFFC04E9FE2EFE40FE45" blockId="7.[192,446,472,498]" box="[192,446,472,498]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC04E9FE2EFE40FE45" bold="true" box="[192,446,472,498]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">General Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F48FFFC04E9FDFEFE40FB15" blockId="7.[192,793,520,1858]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC04E9FDFEFDF2FD95" bold="true" box="[192,524,520,546]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Size and ontogenetic age.</emphasis>
Body length was estimated following
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F48FFFC05BDFDDFFCE6FDF5" author="Pyenson, N. D. &amp; Sponberg, S. N." box="[404,792,552,578]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Mammalian Evolution" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="269 - 288" part="18" refId="ref12467" refString="Pyenson, N. D. and Sponberg, S. N. 2011. Reconstructing body size in extinct crown Cetacea (Neoceti) using allometry, phylogenetic methods and tests from the fossil record. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 18: 269 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10914 - 011 - 9170 - 1" title="Reconstructing body size in extinct crown Cetacea (Neoceti) using allometry, phylogenetic methods and tests from the fossil record" type="book" year="2011">Pyenson and Sponberg (2011)</bibRefCitation>
equations for stem
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC058AFDBFFDF5FDD5" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1864" box="[419,523,585,610]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Mysticeti">Mysticeti</taxonomicName>
and stem
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC06A1FDBFFF05FD35" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1864" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Balaenopteridae</taxonomicName>
based on the dimension of the bizygomatic width. This latter measure was taken using the preserved dimension from the midline at the condyle to the margin of the preserved zygomatic process in
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC04C9FD1FFDF9FCB5" authorityName="Cisneros" authorityYear="2018" box="[224,519,745,770]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC04C9FD1FFDF9FCB5" box="[224,519,745,770]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED59AE140F48FFFC0633FD1FFDB8FCB5" box="[538,582,745,770]" country="USA" name="Midwestern University" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MU</collectionCode>
EcSj5/06/31). Its estimated total length is between 6.4 and
<quantity id="4CB09B340F48FFFC06E3FCFFFCEBFC95" box="[714,789,777,802]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="7.7">7.7 m</quantity>
, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC051CFCDFFDF7FCF5" box="[309,521,809,834]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC051CFCDFFE2BFCF5" box="[309,469,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tlaxcallicetus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED59AE140F48FFFC0609FCDFFDB2FCF5" box="[544,588,809,834]" country="USA" name="Midwestern University" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MU</collectionCode>
EcSj5/18/95) is fragmented but comparable in size to
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC06BAFCBFFE95FC35" authorityName="Cisneros" authorityYear="2018" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC06BAFCBFFE95FC35" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under incomplete standard dimensions (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F48FFFC0531FC7EFD3AFC15" author="Hernandez-Cisneros, A. E. &amp; Gonzalez-Barba, G. &amp; Fordyce R. E." box="[280,708,904,930]" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de la Sociedad Geologica Mexicana" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="149 - 173" part="69" refId="ref11888" refString="Hernandez-Cisneros, A. E., Gonzalez-Barba, G., and Fordyce R. E. 2017. Oligocene cetaceans from Baja California Sur, Mexico. Boletin de la Sociedad Geologica Mexicana, 69: 149 - 173." title="Oligocene cetaceans from Baja California Sur, Mexico" type="book" year="2017">Hernández-Cisneros et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Both specimens are considered as adults because they present well-developed cranial sutures, although they are not completely fused. Juvenile status is discarded because they display a complete occipital ossification (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F48FFFC055FFBDFFD75FBF5" author="Walsh, B. M &amp; Berta, A." box="[374,651,1065,1090]" journalOrPublisher="The Anatomical Record" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="391 - 398" part="294" refId="ref13296" refString="Walsh, B. M and Berta, A. 2011. Occipital ossification of balaenopteroid mysticetes. The Anatomical Record, 294: 391 - 398. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ar. 21340" title="Occipital ossification of balaenopteroid mysticetes" type="book" year="2011">Walsh and Berta, 2011</bibRefCitation>
), and occipital condyles without pitted or porous surface exhibiting no associated cartilage (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F48FFFC0644FB9FFE4DFB15" author="Boessenecker, R. W. &amp; Fordyce, R. E." journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1129" part="3" refId="ref10269" refString="Boessenecker, R. W. and Fordyce, R. E. 2015 b. Anatomy, feeding ecology, and ontogeny of a transitional baleen whale: a new genus and species of Eomysticetidae (Mammalia: Cetacea) from the Oligocene of New Zealand. PeerJ, 1 - 69. 3: e 1129; https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 1129" title="Anatomy, feeding ecology, and ontogeny of a transitional baleen whale: a new genus and species of Eomysticetidae (Mammalia: Cetacea) from the Oligocene of New Zealand" type="journal article" year="2015">Boessenecker and Fordyce, 2015b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F48FFFC04E9FB5EFCF0F8F5" blockId="7.[192,793,520,1858]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC04E9FB5EFE35FB75" bold="true" box="[192,459,1192,1218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cranial topography.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC05CAFB5FFCE6FB75" authorityName="Cisneros" authorityYear="2018" box="[483,792,1193,1218]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC05CAFB5FFCE6FB75" box="[483,792,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED59AE140F48FFFC04EEFB3FFF0CFB55" box="[199,242,1225,1250]" country="USA" name="Midwestern University" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MU</collectionCode>
EcSj5/06/31) has the most complete cranium (sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F48FFFC0534FB1FFDA4FAB5" author="Mead, J. G. &amp; Fordyce, R. E." box="[285,602,1257,1282]" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 248" part="627" refId="ref12197" refString="Mead, J. G. and Fordyce, R. E. 2009. The therian skull: a lexicon with emphasis on the odontocetes. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 627: 1 - 248." title="The therian skull: a lexicon with emphasis on the odontocetes" type="book" year="2009">Mead and Fordyce, 2009</bibRefCitation>
) but lacks rostrum, frontal, intertemporal region, and postcranial elements. Specimen
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC0593FADFFD79FAF5" box="[442,647,1321,1346]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC0593FADFFDA4FAF5" box="[442,602,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tlaxcallicetus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED59AE140F48FFFC06BFFADFFD3CFAF5" box="[662,706,1321,1346]" country="USA" name="Midwestern University" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MU</collectionCode>
EcSj5/ 18/95) includes a broken cranium with partial portions of the posterior middle part of the supraoccipital, left parietal and squamosal, occipital condyles, basioccipital, a fragment of the left thyrohyal bone and broken left ear bones (bulla + periotic). Both specimens show damage due to mining activity, and diagenetic alteration is apparently absent. The main morphological link between
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC0651F9DFFEC2F9D5" authorityName="Cisneros" authorityYear="2018" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC0651F9DFFEC2F9D5" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC05A1F9BFFDA2F9D5" box="[392,604,1609,1634]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC05A1F9BFFDD6F9D5" box="[392,552,1609,1634]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tlaxcallicetus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
is the periotic bone, which is phenetically similar in the ovoid shape of the head of the periotic. Nonetheless,
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC04E9F95FFE73F975" box="[192,397,1705,1730]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC04E9F95FFE9EF975" box="[192,352,1705,1730]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tlaxcallicetus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
is classified as an undetermined species due to its preservation degree. Although it shows different features (see below) from
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC0686F91FFE74F895" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC0686F91FFE7BF895" authorityName="Cisneros" authorityYear="2018" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaycurae">Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
these are not enough to establish a new species taxon or to classify as one species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF736D10F48FFFC07ABFF5FFAD5FDD5" blockId="7.[840,1441,168,610]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
In addition, the posterior process of the periotic in
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC07BDFF3FFBA1FF55" box="[916,1119,201,226]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC07BDFF3FFBCAFF55" box="[916,1076,201,226]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tlaxcallicetus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
is not preserved. However, a new specimen (in field yet) recently discovered in mesa El Tesoro locality shares a similar morphology to
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC07B1FEDFFB85FEF5" box="[920,1147,297,322]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC07B1FEDFFBC6FEF5" box="[920,1080,297,322]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tlaxcallicetus</emphasis>
sp. A
</taxonomicName>
preliminary identification suggests affinity to
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC0018FEBFFB02FED5" box="[1073,1276,329,354]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tlaxcallicetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC30F48FFFC0018FEBFFB2FFED5" box="[1073,1233,329,354]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tlaxcallicetus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
and shows a similar periotic (
<figureCitation id="13732A540F48FFFC0023FE9FFB68FE35" box="[1034,1174,361,386]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[197,288,1786,1809]" captionTargetBox="[327,1308,172,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[323,1312,168,1753]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. General stratigraphy and observations at mesa El Tesoro; 1) view of the strata over the mined phosphatic Humboldt bed; 2-3) position of the gray phosphatic sandstone over the Humboldt bed; 4) fossils Tlaxcallicetus cf. guaycurae in situ in the gray phosphatic sandstone and 5) ventral view, left ear region of Tlaxcallicetus sp., field observation at mesa El Tesoro." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961495/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figures 2.5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13732A540F48FFFC0082FE9FFB34FE35" box="[1195,1226,361,386]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[200,291,1273,1296]" captionTargetBox="[205,1430,170,1244]" captionTargetId="figure-245@14.[201,1434,165,1249]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ear region and left periotic comparison between Tlaxcallicetus species, ventral view. Tlaxcallicetus sp. (MU EcSj5/18/95) (1-2), Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31) (3-4), and specimen found at mesa El Tesoro, Tlaxcallicetus sp., field observation (5-6)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10961515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10961515/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">10</figureCitation>
). The similar ear bone morphology suggests a close relationship between both specimens described here. Note that the ear bones are considered a good diagnostic feature to identify
<taxonomicName id="4C484D520F48FFFC000FFE1EFC6EFD95" authority="(Oishi and Hasegawa, 1994)" baseAuthorityName="Oishi and Hasegawa" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">
Cetacea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F48FFFC00B3FE1EFC77FD95" author="Oishi, M. &amp; Hasegawa, Y." journalOrPublisher="The Island Arc" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="436 - 452" part="3" refId="ref12326" refString="Oishi, M. and Hasegawa, Y. 1994. Diversity of Pliocene mysticetes from eastern Japan. The Island Arc, 3: 436 - 452. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 1738.1994. tb 00124. x" title="Diversity of Pliocene mysticetes from eastern Japan" type="book" year="1994">Oishi and Hasegawa, 1994</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and the periotic bones are useful for phylogenetic analysis as well as for recognizing groups (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F48FFFC0767FDBEFBA5FDD5" author="Geisler, J. H. &amp; Luo, Z." box="[846,1115,584,610]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Paleontology" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1045 - 1066" part="70" refId="ref11343" refString="Geisler, J. H. and Luo, Z. 1996. The petrosal and inner ear of Herpetocetus sp. (Mammalia: Cetacea) and their implications for the phylogeny and hearing of archaic mysticetes. Journal of Paleontology, 70: 1045 - 1066. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0022336000038749" title="The petrosal and inner ear of Herpetocetus sp. (Mammalia: Cetacea) and their implications for the phylogeny and hearing of archaic mysticetes." type="book" year="1996">Geisler and Luo, 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B200F48FFFC004FFDBEFADEFDD5" author="Steeman, M. E." box="[1126,1312,584,610]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="63 - 80" part="8" refId="ref12754" refString="Steeman, M. E. 2010. The extinct baleen whale fauna from the Miocene-Pliocene of Belgium and the diagnostic cetacean ear bones. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 8: 63 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772011003594961" title="The extinct baleen whale fauna from the Miocene-Pliocene of Belgium and the diagnostic cetacean ear bones" type="book" year="2010">Steeman, 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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