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<document id="A51A1A1F93117D3556F3C2DE53A4F00D" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.504.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5425194" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630393868084" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Marcano, Vicente, Méndez, Antonio Morales &amp; Prü, Ernesto Palacios" docDate="2021" docId="03D1E634987F7062C5D3F826FCAEF7BD" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.504.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 504 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.504.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.3:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Ramalina dictyota Dodge &amp; Vareschi" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="FFE89E4C9853704FC545FF82FFD2FFB0" masterDocTitle="The genus Ramalina Acharius (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Ramalinaceae) in northern South America" masterLastPageNumber="77" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1699259612315" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="BE359A2936D1012B4B04ACA8305CA348" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="5ABF86EA36EA10AEDA95941B7C38D009">
<mods:title id="721CEEFFCB65732E80B32FFE2A15E103">The genus Ramalina Acharius (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Ramalinaceae) in northern South America</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:role id="375DD294DE8A6E63C33D93F1AED3A8F9">
<mods:roleTerm id="F7BA9D50D427A16427101E9E1C2BD9B2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="95885290A537ECA4E9F9CE77EA6D51AD">Marcano, Vicente</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B5226A08B01125149604120321482BFC">Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva y Organismos Extremos, Grupo de Ciencias Atmosféricas y el Espacio,</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="FBC5017667D597A14062D23E85E9DFFA">Méndez, Antonio Morales</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0AB950184C12EFFBF416190978BA1AB4" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5923-881X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="DB63C9EAFD1ACF61C0BB4606F4932153">Instituto de Investigaciones, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; lostopes @ yahoo. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5923 - 881 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="54920041F0DEFAD0594C48D4374FE2D0" type="email">lostopes@yahoo.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5E2064E70BBAD7E294E53189B6E571D0">Prü, Ernesto Palacios</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="411FB82D2E5018059B8F7C5534F9B746">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3F947EA2D14CE3B8F2F4709CC1F36BEC">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="1C9DC9AE7113A7F7827B695817AD7305">
<mods:date id="633237D8FC26C14D7BF8F8655F0E422B">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A2252C2AB4B37A50720ADB43624BA505">2021-05-26</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="ACB3FA65D3CCB0360C1031647D44F6E7" type="volume">
<mods:number id="21A3449612746F420F4033CD409CDAF2">504</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:number id="3104232F1C3B49C700B7AD889DA2E95D">1</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="4A76BB72608513ED8E975A050BE9C9A4">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.504.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="8C5AA8744044FA1C93EA4901328F3DB5">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="989ED3FEA340A1566E5E393248FB0591" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.504.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6AC95AD5621ED961946CFC96A3A44568" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0E64F62CC1523A0D5FB30817C7DD90B7" type="Zenodo-Dep">5425194</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03D1E634987F7062C5D3F826FCAEF7BD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E634987F7062C5D3F826FCAEF7BD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1E634987F7062C5D3F826FCAEF7BD" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<subSubSection id="C36204A9987F7063C5D3F826FD11F80F" box="[150,707,1956,1983]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC75722987F7063C5D3F826FD11F80F" blockId="44.[150,707,1956,1983]" box="[150,707,1956,1983]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987F7063C5D3F826FF79F80E" bold="true" box="[150,171,1956,1982]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA1987F7063C5F7F826FD88F80F" authority="Dodge &amp; Vareschi" authorityName="Dodge &amp; Vareschi" box="[178,602,1956,1983]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dictyota">
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987F7063C5F7F826FE57F80F" bold="true" box="[178,389,1956,1983]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ramalina dictyota</emphasis>
Dodge &amp; Vareschi
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 33)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36204A9987F7062C5CDF868FCF0FEF9" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC75722987F7063C5CDF868FE24F794" blockId="44.[136,1452,2025,2084]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<bibCitation id="5E525F4E987F7063C5CDF868FE4BF84F" box="[136,409,2025,2047]" journal="Acta Biol. Ven." page="8" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" score="16.157682096533684" volume="2" year="1956">
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987F7063C5CDF868FECCF84F" box="[136,286,2026,2047]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Acta Biol. Ven.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F987F7063C463F868FE4BF84F" box="[294,409,2025,2047]" collectionCode="VEN" country="Venezuela" elevation="3200" location="Paramo La Negra" municipality="Type" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Merida" typeStatus="holotype">2: 8 (1956)</materialsCitation>
</bibCitation>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA3CD58987F7063C4E0F868FE04F84F" box="[421,470,2026,2047]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Type</collectingMunicipality>
:―
<collectingCountry id="F36F17B2987F7063C4B7F868FD57F84F" box="[498,645,2026,2047]" name="Venezuela" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49BC99C0987F7063C7D4F868FD08F7B0" box="[657,730,2026,2048]" country="Venezuela" name="Merida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Mérida</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="8EA701F9987F7063C7A3F868FC4AF84F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E634987F7062C5D3F826FCAEF7BD:8EA701F9987F7063C7A3F868FC4AF84F" box="[742,920,2026,2047]" country="Venezuela" municipality="Type" name="Paramo La Negra" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Merida">Paramo La Negra</location>
,
<quantity id="4C80FAC7987F7063C6E0F868FC21F84F" box="[933,1011,2026,2047]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="3200.0">
<elevation id="0055B011987F7063C6E0F868FC21F84F" box="[933,1011,2026,2047]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="3200.0">3200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, cloud forest of
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA1987F7063C1DEF868FEC2F794" authority=", L. Vareschi &amp; V. Vareschi" authorityName="L. Vareschi &amp; V. Vareschi" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Polylepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987F7063C1DEF868FB26F84F" box="[1179,1268,2026,2047]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Polylepis</emphasis>
, L. Vareschi &amp; V. Vareschi
</taxonomicName>
3958 (
<typeStatus id="54C3E980987F7063C417F78CFE7AF794" box="[338,424,2062,2084]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
VEN!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC75722987E7062C5CDFF1CFBF3FEB1" blockId="45.[136,1452,158,761]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Thallus corticolous, pendulous, reticulate, up to
<quantity id="4C80FAC7987E7062C7E8FF1CFD26FF09" box="[685,756,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
high, Branches finely to widely perforated, sorediate. Lower cortex partly or fully absent. Pycnidia not seen. Apothecia rounded, lateral or laminal, disc flat or convex, up to
<quantity id="4C80FAC7987E7062C02EFF40FA7EFF6D" box="[1387,1452,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
in diameter. Ascospores 1–septate, straight or curved ellipsoid, 10–11 x 4.5–5 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC75722987E7062C5F8FE88FCF0FEF9" blockId="45.[136,1452,158,761]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C5F8FE88FEE9FE94" bold="true" box="[189,315,266,292]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Chemistry</emphasis>
(TLC, HPTLC): Strain 1. Divaricatic acid (Vareschi 3294; Marcano
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C17EFE89FBB9FE94" box="[1083,1131,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
. 7247, 7257, 7294; Martinez
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C5CDFEADFF12FEF8" box="[136,192,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
192). Strain 2. Sekikaic acid (Cleef &amp; Rangel 10416).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36204A9987E7062C5F8FED0FA52FE21" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC75722987E7062C5F8FED0FA52FE21" blockId="45.[136,1452,158,761]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C5F8FED0FE33FEDC" bold="true" box="[189,481,338,364]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ecology and distribution</emphasis>
: This species is found growing on bark, shrubs and
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA1987E7062C155FED0FB45FEDC" box="[1040,1175,338,364]" class="Pinopsida" family="Podocarpaceae" genus="Podocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C155FED0FB45FEDC" box="[1040,1175,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Podocarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
branches in cloud forests and paramo at
<quantity id="4C80FAC7987E7062C46BFEF4FE1BFE21" box="[302,457,374,401]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="3150.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="2800.0">2800–3500 m</quantity>
(Fig. 30). It is known only from northern South America (
<collectingCountry id="F36F17B2987E7062C113FEF4FB14FE20" box="[1110,1222,374,400]" name="Colombia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Colombia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F36F17B2987E7062C1B9FEF4FAA7FE21" box="[1276,1397,374,401]" name="Venezuela" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36204A9987E7062C5F8FE18FCAEF7BD" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC75722987E7062C5F8FE18FAC9FD48" blockId="45.[136,1452,158,761]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C5F8FE18FEF8FE04" bold="true" box="[189,298,410,436]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Remarks</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA1987E7062C47EFE18FDD9FE04" box="[315,523,410,436]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dictyota">
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C47EFE18FDD9FE04" box="[315,523,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ramalina dictyota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a rare species that is morphologically distinct from all other
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA1987E7062C1A0FE18FA79FE04" box="[1253,1451,410,436]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C1A0FE18FA80FE04" box="[1253,1362,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ramalina</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
found in northern South America.
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA1987E7062C743FE3CFD01FE68" box="[518,723,446,472]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dictyota">
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C743FE3CFD01FE68" box="[518,723,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ramalina dictyota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA1987E7062C6D9FE3DFB29FE68" authority="Taylor (1847: 189)" authorityName="Taylor" authorityPageNumber="189" authorityYear="1847" box="[924,1275,446,472]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="menziesii">
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C6D9FE3DFBF0FE68" box="[924,1058,447,472]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">R. menziesii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE92AD3987E7062C16CFE3CFB29FE68" author="Taylor, Th." box="[1065,1275,446,472]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="148 - 197" refId="ref53960" refString="Taylor, Th. (1847) New lichenes, principally from the herbarium of Sir William J. Hooker. London Journal of Botany (Hooker) 6: 148 - 197." type="journal article" year="1847">Taylor (1847: 189)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[≡
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA1987E7062C064FE3DFA7EFE68" box="[1313,1452,446,472]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="reticulata">
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C064FE3DFA7EFE68" box="[1313,1452,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">R. reticulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Nöhden 1800: 237, nom. illegit., Art. 53)
<bibRefCitation id="EFE92AD3987E7062C71CFE60FC54FE4D" author="Krempelhuber, A. von" box="[601,902,482,509]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref50243" refString="Krempelhuber, A. von (1869) Geschichte und Literatur der Lichenologie von den altesten Zeiten bis zum schlusse des Jahres 1865. Hofleuch druckerei von dr. C. Wolf &amp; Sohn, 1867 - 1872. Munchen, Kgl." type="book" year="1869">Krempelhuber (1869: 617)</bibRefCitation>
], known from North America (Howe 1914,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE92AD3987E7062C020FE60FED3FD90" author="Brodo, I. M. &amp; Sharnoff, S. D. &amp; Sharnoff, S." pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref47647" refString="Brodo, I. M., Sharnoff, S. D. &amp; Sharnoff, S. (2001) Lichens of North America. Yale University Press, New Haven &amp; London, 795 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.29173 / bluejay 5827" type="book" year="2001">
Brodo
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C5CDFD85FF6AFD90" box="[136,184,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
. 2001
</bibRefCitation>
). It is very difficult to distinguish the two species on morphological or anatomical features and it is possible that
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA1987E7062C5FFFDA9FEE6FDF4" box="[186,308,554,581]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dictyota">
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C5FFFDA9FF19FDF4" box="[186,203,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">R</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C59FFDA8FEE6FDF4" box="[218,308,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">dictyota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA1987E7062C77CFDA9FD13FDF4" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1847" box="[569,705,555,581]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="menziesii">
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C77CFDA9FD98FDF4" box="[569,586,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">R</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C71CFDA9FD13FDF4" box="[601,705,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">menziesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, the latter species contains only usnic acid (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE92AD3987E7062C066FDA8FF16FDD8" author="Brodo, I. M. &amp; Sharnoff, S. D. &amp; Sharnoff, S." pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref47647" refString="Brodo, I. M., Sharnoff, S. D. &amp; Sharnoff, S. (2001) Lichens of North America. Yale University Press, New Haven &amp; London, 795 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.29173 / bluejay 5827" type="book" year="2001">
Brodo
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C037FDA9FA77FDF4" box="[1394,1445,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
. 2001
</bibRefCitation>
). Molecular studies may help to elucidate if the two taxa should be distinguished at the species level. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA1987E7062C5CDFDF1FEDCFD3C" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1847" box="[136,270,627,652]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="menziesii">
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C5CDFDF1FEDCFD3C" box="[136,270,627,652]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">R. menziesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows more widely reticulate branches and longer ascospores (11–20 x 4–7 µm) (Howe 1914,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE92AD3987E7062C06DFDF0FF16FD00" author="Brodo, I. M. &amp; Sharnoff, S. D. &amp; Sharnoff, S." pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref47647" refString="Brodo, I. M., Sharnoff, S. D. &amp; Sharnoff, S. (2001) Lichens of North America. Yale University Press, New Haven &amp; London, 795 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.29173 / bluejay 5827" type="book" year="2001">
Brodo
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C031FDF1FA77FD3C" box="[1396,1445,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
. 2001
</bibRefCitation>
). Further, the geographical distribution of the two may indicate that they are vicariant species.
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA1987E7062C19BFD14FA79FD00" box="[1246,1451,662,688]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dictyota">
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C19BFD14FA79FD00" box="[1246,1451,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ramalina dictyota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows two strains, one containing divaricatic acid and a second with usnic and sekikaic acids.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE92AD3987E7062C1FEFD38FA79FD64" author="Morales, A. &amp; Carabot, A. &amp; Rosquete, C." box="[1211,1451,698,725]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="14 - 16" refId="ref52262" refString="Morales, A., Carabot, A. &amp; Rosquete, C. (1991) Componentes quimicos de Ramalina dictyota Dodge &amp; Vareschi. Revista de la Facultad de Farmacia 28: 14 - 16." type="journal article" year="1991">
Morales
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C05AFD39FA80FD64" box="[1311,1362,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
. (1991)
</bibRefCitation>
detected only sekikaic acid in specimens of this species by mass and 13CNMR spectroscopy techniques.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0707AA987E7062C5CDF978FC76F8BF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425234" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5425234" box="[136,932,1786,1808]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425234/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" startId="45.[136,229,1786,1808]" targetBox="[162,1428,806,1747]" targetPageId="45">
<paragraph id="8BC75722987E7062C5CDF978FC76F8BF" blockId="45.[136,932,1786,1808]" box="[136,932,1786,1808]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C5CDF978FF37F8A0" bold="true" box="[136,229,1786,1808]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">FIGURE</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA1987E7062C44AF978FE12F8BF" box="[271,448,1786,1807]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dictyota">
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C44AF978FE12F8BF" box="[271,448,1786,1807]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ramalina dictyota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. V. Marcano
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C704F979FDB9F8BF" box="[577,619,1786,1808]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
. 7247 (VEN). Scale = 14.6 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC75722987E7062C5F8F8BCFCAEF7BD" blockId="45.[136,1451,1854,2061]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B90C8B30987E7062C5F8F8BCFE67F8E8" bold="true" box="[189,437,1854,1880]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F987E7062C487F8BCFDB1F8CD" collectingDate="1977-08-20" collectionCode="A" country="Colombia" elevation="2900" location="Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Magdalena">
<collectingCountry id="F36F17B2987E7062C487F8BCFD8EF8E8" box="[450,604,1854,1880]" name="Colombia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49BC99C0987E7062C723F8BCFD35F8E8" box="[614,743,1854,1880]" country="Colombia" name="Magdalena" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Magdalena</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="8EA701F9987E7062C7B5F8BCFBEDF8E9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E634987F7062C5D3F826FCAEF7BD:8EA701F9987E7062C7B5F8BCFBEDF8E9" box="[752,1087,1854,1881]" country="Colombia" name="Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Magdalena">Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A754E00987E7062C10CF8BCFEDFF8CD" firstLocation="Rio Frio" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" secondLocation="Quebrada del Paramo">between Rio Frio and Quebrada del Paramo</locationDeviation>
,
<quantity id="4C80FAC7987E7062C45EF8E0FEA4F8CD" box="[283,374,1890,1917]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="2900.0">
<elevation id="0055B011987E7062C45EF8E0FEA4F8CD" box="[283,374,1890,1917]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="2900.0">2900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFC671E2987E7062C4C0F8E0FD92F8CC" box="[389,576,1890,1917]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1977-08-20">
<collectingDate id="EF82880A987E7062C4C0F8E0FD92F8CC" box="[389,576,1890,1917]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1977-08-20">20 August 1977</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE7987E7062C709F8E1FDB1F8CD" box="[588,611,1891,1917]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F987E7062C737F8E0FD27F8CC" box="[626,757,1890,1916]" collectionCode="O" country="Colombia" location="Cleek" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Magdalena">
<location id="8EA701F9987E7062C737F8E0FD61F8CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E634987F7062C5D3F826FCAEF7BD:8EA701F9987E7062C737F8E0FD61F8CC" box="[626,691,1890,1916]" country="Colombia" name="Cleek" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Magdalena">Cleek</location>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE7987E7062C79BF8E0FD27F8CC" box="[734,757,1890,1916]" country="Norway" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13093" name="Botanical Museum - University of Oslo" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">O</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F987E7062C646F8E0FC07F8CC" box="[771,981,1890,1916]" collectionCode="B" country="Colombia" location="Rangel" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Magdalena">
<location id="8EA701F9987E7062C646F8E0FC80F8CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E634987F7062C5D3F826FCAEF7BD:8EA701F9987E7062C646F8E0FC80F8CC" box="[771,850,1890,1916]" country="Colombia" name="Rangel" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Magdalena">Rangel</location>
10416 (
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE7987E7062C6F3F8E0FC19F8CC" box="[950,971,1890,1916]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F987E7062C6A6F8E1FC83F811" collectingDate="1994-10" collectionCode="V" collectorName="La Culata" country="Venezuela" elevation="3000" location="Paramo de Mifafi" municipality="Zanjon Hondo" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Merida">
<collectingCountry id="F36F17B2987E7062C6A6F8E1FB5CF8CD" box="[995,1166,1891,1917]" name="Venezuela" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49BC99C0987E7062C1D9F8E0FB23F8CC" box="[1180,1265,1890,1916]" country="Venezuela" name="Merida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Mérida</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA3CD58987E7062C1BBF8E0FA75F8CC" box="[1278,1447,1890,1916]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Zanjon Hondo</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EA701F9987E7062C5CDF805FE84F810" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E634987F7062C5D3F826FCAEF7BD:8EA701F9987E7062C5CDF805FE84F810" box="[136,342,1926,1953]" country="Venezuela" municipality="Zanjon Hondo" name="Paramo de Mifafi" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Merida">Paramo de Mifafí</location>
,
<collectorName id="268D32F4987E7062C426F805FE04F810" box="[355,470,1926,1953]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">La Culata</collectorName>
,
<quantity id="4C80FAC7987E7062C4A1F804FD51F811" box="[484,643,1926,1953]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="3000.0" valueMax="3200.0" valueMin="2800.0">
<elevation id="0055B011987E7062C4A1F804FD51F811" box="[484,643,1926,1953]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="3000.0" valueMax="3200.0" valueMin="2800.0">2800–3200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFC671E2987E7062C7D4F804FCE2F810" box="[657,816,1926,1952]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1994-10">
<collectingDate id="EF82880A987E7062C7D4F804FCE2F810" box="[657,816,1926,1952]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1994-10">October 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE7987E7062C678F805FC83F811" box="[829,849,1927,1953]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F987E7062C61BF805FC3AF811" box="[862,1000,1927,1953]" collectionCode="R" country="Venezuela" location="Marcano" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Merida">
<location id="8EA701F9987E7062C61BF805FC16F811" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E634987F7062C5D3F826FCAEF7BD:8EA701F9987E7062C61BF805FC16F811" box="[862,964,1927,1953]" country="Venezuela" name="Marcano" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Merida">Marcano</location>
,
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE7987E7062C697F805FC3AF811" box="[978,1000,1927,1953]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">R</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F987E7062C6B0F804FBBDF811" box="[1013,1135,1926,1953]" collectionCode="A" country="Venezuela" location="Vidal" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Merida">
<location id="8EA701F9987E7062C6B0F804FBE0F810" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E634987F7062C5D3F826FCAEF7BD:8EA701F9987E7062C6B0F804FBE0F810" box="[1013,1074,1926,1952]" country="Venezuela" name="Vidal" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Merida">Vidal</location>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE7987E7062C11DF805FBBDF811" box="[1112,1135,1927,1953]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F987E7062C138F804FDE1F875" collectionCode="MER, V" country="Venezuela" elevation="2900" location="Paramo La Negra" municipality="Morales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Merida">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA3CD58987E7062C138F804FB0BF810" box="[1149,1241,1926,1952]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Morales</collectingMunicipality>
7247, 7257, 7294 (
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE7987E7062C5D5F828FF01F874" box="[144,211,1962,1988]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15589" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15589" name="Universidad de Los Andes" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">MER</collectionCode>
);
<location id="8EA701F9987E7062C5A2F829FE62F875" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E634987F7062C5D3F826FCAEF7BD:8EA701F9987E7062C5A2F829FE62F875" box="[231,432,1963,1989]" country="Venezuela" municipality="Morales" name="Paramo La Negra" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Merida">Paramo La Negra</location>
,
<quantity id="4C80FAC7987E7062C4F9F828FDC1F875" box="[444,531,1962,1989]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="2900.0">
<elevation id="0055B011987E7062C4F9F828FDC1F875" box="[444,531,1962,1989]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="2900.0">2900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE7987E7062C75AF829FDE1F875" box="[543,563,1963,1989]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F987E7062C778F828FE03F859" collectingDate="1993-05-19" collectionCode="VEN, V" collectorName="Sierra Santo Domingo" country="Venezuela" county="Vareschi" elevation="3500" location="Martinez" municipality="Mucubaji lake" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Merida">
<collectingCounty id="62A62FAE987E7062C778F828FD4FF874" box="[573,669,1962,1988]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Vareschi</collectingCounty>
3294 (
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE7987E7062C7A8F828FCFEF874" box="[749,812,1962,1988]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15643" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15643" name="Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">VEN</collectionCode>
);
<collectorName id="268D32F4987E7062C605F828FBEDF874" box="[832,1087,1962,1988]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Sierra Santo Domingo</collectorName>
, around
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA3CD58987E7062C1DAF828FA91F874" box="[1183,1347,1962,1988]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Mucubaji lake</collectingMunicipality>
,
<quantity id="4C80FAC7987E7062C00AF828FA75F875" box="[1359,1447,1962,1989]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="3500.0">
<elevation id="0055B011987E7062C00AF828FA75F875" box="[1359,1447,1962,1989]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="3500.0">3500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFC671E2987E7062C5CDF84CFECDF858" box="[136,287,1998,2025]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1993-05-19">
<collectingDate id="EF82880A987E7062C5CDF84CFECDF858" box="[136,287,1998,2025]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1993-05-19">19 May 1993</collectingDate>
</date>
, D.
<location id="8EA701F9987E7062C40EF84CFE61F858" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E634987F7062C5D3F826FCAEF7BD:8EA701F9987E7062C40EF84CFE61F858" box="[331,435,1998,2024]" country="Venezuela" county="Vareschi" municipality="Mucubaji lake" name="Martinez" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Merida">Martinez</location>
,
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE7987E7062C4F8F84DFE03F859" box="[445,465,1999,2025]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F987E7062C49FF84DFDA6F859" box="[474,628,1998,2025]" collectionCode="L" country="Venezuela" location="Marcano" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Merida">
<location id="8EA701F9987E7062C49FF84DFDECF859" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E634987F7062C5D3F826FCAEF7BD:8EA701F9987E7062C49FF84DFDECF859" box="[474,574,1999,2025]" country="Venezuela" name="Marcano" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Merida">Marcano</location>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE7987E7062C725F84DFDA6F859" box="[608,628,1999,2025]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F987E7062C73AF84CFF30F7BD" collectingDate="2020-12-26" collectionCode="MER, V" country="Venezuela" county="Galiz" location="Los Chorros valley" municipality="Paramo La Victoria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Merida">
<collectingCounty id="62A62FAE987E7062C73AF84CFD6EF858" box="[639,700,1998,2024]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Galiz</collectingCounty>
192 (
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE7987E7062C7BFF84CFCEFF858" box="[762,829,1998,2024]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15589" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15589" name="Universidad de Los Andes" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">MER</collectionCode>
);
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA3CD58987E7062C60AF84DFBF9F858" box="[847,1067,1998,2025]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Paramo La Victoria</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EA701F9987E7062C170F84DFAD9F858" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E634987F7062C5D3F826FCAEF7BD:8EA701F9987E7062C170F84DFAD9F858" box="[1077,1291,1998,2025]" country="Venezuela" county="Galiz" municipality="Paramo La Victoria" name="Los Chorros valley" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Merida">Los Chorros valley</location>
,
<date id="FFC671E2987E7062C053F84CFF11F7BC" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="2020-12-26">
<collectingDate id="EF82880A987E7062C053F84CFF11F7BC" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="2020-12-26">26 December 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE7987E7062C58BF871FF30F7BD" box="[206,226,2035,2061]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F987E7062C5A9F871FE55F7BD" box="[236,391,2034,2061]" collectionCode="L" country="Venezuela" location="Marcano" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Merida">
<location id="8EA701F9987E7062C5A9F871FE82F7BD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E634987F7062C5D3F826FCAEF7BD:8EA701F9987E7062C5A9F871FE82F7BD" box="[236,336,2035,2061]" country="Venezuela" name="Marcano" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Merida">Marcano</location>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE7987E7062C436F871FE55F7BD" box="[371,391,2035,2061]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F987E7062C4D6F870FCAAF7BD" box="[403,888,2034,2061]" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Marcano" country="Venezuela" location="Castillo" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Merida">
<location id="8EA701F9987E7062C4D6F870FE38F7BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E634987F7062C5D3F826FCAEF7BD:8EA701F9987E7062C4D6F870FE38F7BC" box="[403,490,2034,2060]" country="Venezuela" name="Castillo" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Merida">Castillo</location>
20–236 (herb. private
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE7987E7062C7ACF871FD2FF7BD" box="[745,765,2035,2061]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="268D32F4987E7062C64DF871FCA3F7BD" box="[776,881,2035,2061]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Marcano</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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