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<mods:title id="B60D93C22D81669C33A4D24B603B66B5">Anatomy Of Predator Snail Huttonella Bicolor, An Invasive Species In Amazon Rainforest, Brazil (Pulmonata, Streptaxidae) L R L. S Abstract</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="401A33337EA6016D8C2479617DA28A27">Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6421EF743BFE47F78AFB430E864A4AA3">. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. Caixa Postal 42.494, 04218 - 970, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. E-mails: lrsimone @ usp. br; lrlsimone @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D765C01E04A15381A8FC26707CB" ID-CoL="3MV5J" authority="(Hutton, 1834)" baseAuthorityName="Hutton" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[768,1141,983,1008]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Huttonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C01E04A15381A8FC5D507D4" bold="true" box="[768,967,983,1007]" italics="true" pageId="1">Huttonella bicolor</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A15EE1A80C27F07CB" author="HUTTON, T." box="[982,1133,984,1008]" pageId="1" pagination="81 - 93" refId="ref7964" refString="HUTTON, T. 1834. On the land shells of India. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 3 (26): 81 - 93." type="journal article" year="1834">Hutton, 1834</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C01E04A15431AA0C5EB002B" bold="true" box="[891,1017,1016,1040]" pageId="1">
(
<figureCitation id="13532A705C01E04A15BB1AA0C5E3002B" box="[899,1009,1016,1040]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1‑6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7‑11" captionStart-2="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStart-3="FIGURES 18‑24" captionStartId-0="2.[132,222,1826,1845]" captionStartId-1="4.[132,222,1800,1819]" captionStartId-2="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionStartId-3="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" captionTargetBox-0="[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetBox-1="[132,1266,403,1764]" captionTargetBox-2="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetBox-3="[137,1256,440,1694]" captionTargetId-0="figure-437@2.[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetId-1="figure-97@4.[132,1266,403,1764]" captionTargetId-2="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetId-3="figure-119@6.[132,1266,428,1713]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 1‑6: Huttonella bicolor shell: 1) MZSP 98761 (Acre, Brazil), apertural view (H 6.1 mm); 2) same, left view; 3) same, dorsal view; 4) same, right view; 5) MZSP 99734 (Acre, Brazil), specimens with thinner shell, apertural view (H 6.0 mm); 6) same, dorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 7‑11: Huttonella bicolor hard parts in SEM: 7) radula, whole view, scale: 20 µm; 8) same, detail of central region, scale: 20 µm; 9) same, detail of lateral region, scale: 10 µm; 10) same, detail of central region, rachidian close to right side, scale: 10 µm; 11) detail of aperture, MZSP 98761, apertural-slightly right view, scale: 300 µm." captionText-2="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." captionText-3="FIGURES 18‑24: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 18) buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 19) same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 20) same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 21) same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 22) genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 23) detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 24) nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152683" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152687" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13152683/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13152687/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="1">Figs. 1-24</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C01E04A14901D61C4C9006B" box="[680,731,1081,1104]" italics="true" pageId="1">Pupa</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A14DE1D60C5E7006B" author="HUTTON, T." box="[742,1013,1080,1104]" page="86" pageId="1" year="1834">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C01E04A14DE1D60C53A006B" box="[742,808,1080,1104]" italics="true" pageId="1">bicolor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A150A1D60C5E7006B" author="HUTTON, T." box="[818,1013,1080,1104]" pageId="1" pagination="81 - 93" refId="ref7964" refString="HUTTON, T. 1834. On the land shells of India. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 3 (26): 81 - 93." type="journal article" year="1834">Hutton, 1834: 86</bibRefCitation>
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, 93 [Mirzapore and Agra, 
<collectingCountry id="F37F76655C01E04A151E1D00C573004B" box="[806,865,1112,1136]" name="India" pageId="1">India</collectingCountry>
]; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A15421D00C295004B" author="MARTENS, E. V." box="[890,1159,1112,1136]" page="384" pageId="1" year="1867">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A15421D00C295004B" author="MARTENS, E. V." box="[890,1159,1112,1136]" pageId="1" refId="ref8244" refString="MARTENS, E. V. 1867. Die Preussische Expedition nach Ost-Asian. Zoologischer Theil. Verlag der Koniglichen Gehrimen Ober- Hofbuchdruckerei, Berlin. 447 p, 22 pls." type="book" year="1867">Martens, 1867: 384-385</bibRefCitation>
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(with complementary ancient synonymy).
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7811DB5C01E04A14901DC1C232012B" pageId="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D765C01E04A14901DC1C5BD008B" ID-CoL="7R75F" baseAuthorityName="T. Hutton" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[680,943,1176,1200]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Ennea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bicolor" subGenus="Huttonella">Ennea (Huttonella) bicolor</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A15801DC0C250008B" author="PFEIFFER, L." box="[952,1090,1176,1200]" pageId="1" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref8529" refString="PFEIFFER, L. 1854 - 1879. Novitates conchologicae. Series prima. Mollusca extramarina. Beschreibung und Abbildung neuer oder kritischer Land- und Susswasser Mollusken. Cassel, Theodor Fisher. Bd. 1 (1854 - 1860): 1 - 138, Bd. 2 (1860 - 1866): 139 - 300, Bd. 3 (1867 - 1869): 301 - 510, Bd. 4 (1870 - 1876): 1 - 171, Bd. 5 (1877 - 1879): 1 - 198." type="book chapter" year="1854">Pfeiffer, 1854</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A12711DC0C26D008B" author="PFEIFFER, L." box="[1097,1151,1176,1200]" pageId="1" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref8529" refString="PFEIFFER, L. 1854 - 1879. Novitates conchologicae. Series prima. Mollusca extramarina. Beschreibung und Abbildung neuer oder kritischer Land- und Susswasser Mollusken. Cassel, Theodor Fisher. Bd. 1 (1854 - 1860): 1 - 138, Bd. 2 (1860 - 1866): 139 - 300, Bd. 3 (1867 - 1869): 301 - 510, Bd. 4 (1870 - 1876): 1 - 171, Bd. 5 (1877 - 1879): 1 - 198." type="book chapter" year="1854">1854</bibRefCitation>
-1879): 115 (pl. 32, figs. 15-17), 1856: 120; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A12A21DE0C56300CB" author="NEVILL, G." page="6" pageId="1" year="1868">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A12A21DE0C56300CB" author="NEVILL, G." pageId="1" pagination="257 - 261" refId="ref8409" refString="NEVILL, G. 1868. Notes on some of the species of land Mollusca inhabiting Mauritius and the Seychelles. Proceeding of the Zoological Society of London, 1868: 257 - 261." type="journal article" year="1868">Nevill, 1868: 6</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A15B21D80C24F00CB" author="TRYON, G. W." box="[906,1117,1240,1264]" page="104" pageId="1" year="1885">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A15B21D80C24F00CB" author="TRYON, G. W." box="[906,1117,1240,1264]" pageId="1" pagination="1 - 364" refId="ref9387" refString="TRYON, G. W. 1885. Testacellidae, Oleacinidae, Streptaxidae, Helicoidea, Vitrinidae, Limacidae, Arionidae. Manual of Conchology, (2) 1: 1 - 364, pls. 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1885">Tryon, 1885: 104</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(pl. 19, figs. 14, 17-18; pl. 20, fig. 24).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C01E04A14901C41C5EB01CB" blockId="1.[680,1229,1080,1872]" pageId="1">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7811DB5C01E04A14901C41C5EB01CB" pageId="1">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C01E04A14901C41C52B010B" box="[680,825,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C684D765C01E04A14901C41C526010B" ID-CoL="7R75F" baseAuthorityName="T. Hutton" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[680,820,1304,1328]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Ennea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bicolor">Ennea bicolor</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A157B1C40C5E6010B" author="NEVILL, G." box="[835,1012,1304,1328]" page="64" pageId="1" year="1869">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A157B1C40C5E6010B" author="NEVILL, G." box="[835,1012,1304,1328]" pageId="1" pagination="61 - 69" refId="ref8444" refString="NEVILL, G. 1869. Additional notes on the land shells of the Seychelles Islands. Proceeding of the Zoological Society of London, 1869: 61 - 69." type="journal article" year="1869">Nevill, 1869: 64</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A123A1C40C2DA010B" author="MORCH, O. A. L." box="[1026,1224,1304,1328]" page="315" pageId="1" year="1872">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A123A1C40C2DA010B" author="MORCH, O. A. L." box="[1026,1224,1304,1328]" pageId="1" pagination="303 - 345" refId="ref8307" refString="MORCH, O. A. L. 1872. Catalogue des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles des anciennes colonies danoides du Golfe du Bengale. Jornal de Conchyliologie, 20: 303 - 345." type="journal article" year="1872">Mörch, 1872: 315</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A14D91C60C591016B" author="ISSEL, A." box="[737,899,1336,1360]" page="51" pageId="1" year="1874">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A14D91C60C591016B" author="ISSEL, A." box="[737,899,1336,1360]" pageId="1" pagination="366 - 489" refId="ref7994" refString="ISSEL, A. 1874. Molluschi Borneensi. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 6: 366 - 489." type="journal article" year="1874">Issel, 1874: 51</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A15AB1C60C240016B" author="FISCHER, P." box="[915,1106,1336,1360]" page="18" pageId="1" year="1891">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A15AB1C60C240016B" author="FISCHER, P." box="[915,1106,1336,1360]" pageId="1" refId="ref7734" refString="FISCHER, P. 1891. Catalogue et distribution geographique des Mollusques terrestres, fluviatilies &amp; marins d'une partie de l'Indo-Chine (Siam, Laos, Cambodge, Cochinchine, Annam, Tonkin). Dejussieu Pere et fils, Autun. 186 p." type="book" year="1891">Fischer, 1891: 18</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A125A1C60C5C8014B" author="FISCHER, P. &amp; DAUTZENBERG, PH" page="2" pageId="1" year="1904">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A125A1C60C5C8014B" author="FISCHER, P. &amp; DAUTZENBERG, PH" pageId="1" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref7779" refString="FISCHER, P. &amp; DAUTZENBERG, PH. 1904. Catalogue des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de l'Indo-Chine orientale cites jusqu'a ce jour. Mission Pavie, Etudes Diverses, 3: 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1904">Fischer &amp; Dautzenberg, 1904: 2</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A15C81C00C57301AB" author="BLANFORD, W. T. &amp; AUSTIN, H. H. G." page="19" pageId="1" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A15C81C00C57301AB" author="BLANFORD, W. T. &amp; AUSTIN, H. H. G." pageId="1" refId="ref7300" refString="BLANFORD, W. T. &amp; AUSTIN, H. H. G. 1908. Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca I: Testacellidae and Zonitidae. Taylor and Francis. London. 311 p." type="book" year="1908">Blanford &amp; Austin, 1908: 19-20</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(fig. 12); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A15FE1C20C29B01AB" author="BARNACLE, G. A. S." box="[966,1161,1400,1424]" page="54" pageId="1" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A15FE1C20C29B01AB" author="BARNACLE, G. A. S." box="[966,1161,1400,1424]" pageId="1" pagination="53 - 57" refId="ref7130" refString="BARNACLE, G. A. S. 1962. The land and freshwater shells of the Seychelles group of islands (including the Amirantes, Coetivy, Farquhar, Cosmoledo and Aldabra). Journal of the Seychelles Society, 2: 53 - 57." type="journal article" year="1962">Barnacle, 1962: 54</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A12AB1C20C56E018B" author="LIONNET, J. F. G." page="240" pageId="1" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A12AB1C20C56E018B" author="LIONNET, J. F. G." pageId="1" pagination="239 - 244" refId="ref8196" refString="LIONNET, J. F. G. 1984. Terrestrial testaceous molluscs; In: Stoddart, D. R. (Ed.). The biogeography and ecology of the Seychelles Islands. W. Junk, Hague. p. 239 - 244." type="book chapter" year="1984">Lionnet, 1984: 240</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A15BF1CC0C241018B" author="MORGAN, J." box="[903,1107,1432,1456]" page="372" pageId="1" year="1885">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A15BF1CC0C241018B" author="MORGAN, J." box="[903,1107,1432,1456]" pageId="1" pagination="353 - 429" refId="ref8342" refString="MORGAN, J. 1885. Mollusques terrestres &amp; fluviatiles du Royaume de Perak et des pais voisins (presque'Ile Malaise). Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10: 353 - 429." type="journal article" year="1885">Morgan, 1885: 372</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A12651CC0C5E401EB" author="ANNANDALE, N. &amp; PRASHAD, B." page="189" pageId="1" year="1920">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A12651CC0C5E401EB" author="ANNANDALE, N. &amp; PRASHAD, B." pageId="1" pagination="189 - 194" refId="ref7067" refString="ANNANDALE, N. &amp; PRASHAD, B. 1920. Observations on a carnivorous snail. Records of the Indian Museum, 19: 189 - 194." type="journal article" year="1920">Annandale &amp; Prashad, 1920: 189-190</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A12381CE0C2DA01EB" author="LAIDLAW, F. F." box="[1024,1224,1464,1488]" page="233" pageId="1" year="1933">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A12381CE0C2DA01EB" author="LAIDLAW, F. F." box="[1024,1224,1464,1488]" pageId="1" pagination="211 - 234" refId="ref8158" refString="LAIDLAW, F. F. 1933. A list of the land and fresh-water Mollusca of the Malay peninsula. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 11: 211 - 234." type="journal article" year="1933">Laidlaw, 1933: 233</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A14D91C80C58F01CB" author="GERLACH, J." box="[737,925,1496,1520]" page="10" pageId="1" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A14D91C80C58F01CB" author="GERLACH, J." box="[737,925,1496,1520]" pageId="1" refId="ref7816" refString="GERLACH, J. 1987. The land snails of Seychelles. A field guide. Privately published. Weedon. 44 p." type="book" year="1987">Gerlach, 1987: 10</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(2 figs.).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C01E04A14901CA0C5A4036B" blockId="1.[680,1229,1080,1872]" pageId="1">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7811DB5C01E04A14901CA0C5A4036B" pageId="1">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C01E04A14901CA0C575022B" box="[680,871,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C684D765C01E04A14901CA0C571022B" ID-CoL="3MV5J" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1834" box="[680,867,1528,1552]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Huttonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bicolor">Huttonella bicolor</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A154B1CA0C241022B" author="STOLICZKA, F." box="[883,1107,1528,1552]" page="169" pageId="1" year="1871">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A154B1CA0C241022B" author="STOLICZKA, F." box="[883,1107,1528,1552]" pageId="1" pagination="143 - 177" refId="ref9235" refString="STOLICZKA, F. 1871. Notes on terrestrial Mollusca from the neighbourhood of Moulmein, with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 40: 143 - 177." type="journal article" year="1871">Stoliczka, 1871: 169</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A125B1CA0C2D5022B" author="STOLICZKA, F." box="[1123,1223,1528,1552]" page="11" pageId="1" year="1873">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A125B1CA0C2D5022B" author="STOLICZKA, F." box="[1123,1223,1528,1552]" pageId="1" pagination="11 - 38" refId="ref9271" refString="STOLICZKA, F. 1873. On the land shells of Penang Island, with descriptions of the animals and anatomical notes; part second, Helicacea. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 42: 11 - 38." type="journal article" year="1873">1873: 11</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A14D91F40C5B7020B" author="JAECKEL, S. H." box="[737,933,1560,1584]" page="18" pageId="1" year="1950">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A14D91F40C5B7020B" author="JAECKEL, S. H." box="[737,933,1560,1584]" pageId="1" pagination="15 - 20" refId="ref8019" refString="JAECKEL, S. H. 1950. Die Mollusken eines tropischen Flussgenistes aus Tonkin. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 79: 15 - 20." type="journal article" year="1950">Jaeckel, 1950: 18</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A15801F40C27D020B" author="JUTTING, W. S. S. V." box="[952,1135,1560,1584]" page="8" pageId="1" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A15801F40C27D020B" author="JUTTING, W. S. S. V." box="[952,1135,1560,1584]" pageId="1" pagination="5 - 33" refId="ref8088" refString="JUTTING, W. S. S. V. 1961. The Malayan Streptaxidae: genera Huttonella and Sinoennea. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 26: 5 - 33." type="book chapter" year="1961">Jutting, 1961: 8</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A12BB1F40C548026B" author="DANCE, S. P." page="153" pageId="1" year="1970">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A12BB1F40C548026B" author="DANCE, S. P." pageId="1" pagination="149 - 162" refId="ref7534" refString="DANCE, S. P. 1970. Non-marine molluscs of Borneo. I. Streptaxacea: Streptaxidae. Journal of Conchology, 27: 149 - 162." type="journal article" year="1970">Dance, 1970: 153</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A15491F60C272026B" author="SANISIC, J." box="[881,1120,1592,1616]" page="84" pageId="1" year="1981">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A15491F60C272026B" author="SANISIC, J." box="[881,1120,1592,1616]" pageId="1" pagination="84 - 86" refId="ref8943" refString="SANISIC, J. 1981. The carnivorous land snail Gulella (Huttonella) bicolor (Hutton, 1834) in Australia. (Pulmonata: Streptaxidae). Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia, 5: 84 - 86." type="journal article" year="1981">Sanisic, 1981: 84-86</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A124E1F60C59D024B" author="TURGEON, D. D. &amp; BOGAN, A. E. &amp; COAN, E. V. &amp; EMERSON, W. K. &amp; LYONS, W. G. &amp; PRATT, W." page="277" pageId="1" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A124E1F60C59D024B" author="TURGEON, D. D. &amp; BOGAN, A. E. &amp; COAN, E. V. &amp; EMERSON, W. K. &amp; LYONS, W. G. &amp; PRATT, W." pageId="1" pagination="1 - 277" refId="ref9428" refString="TURGEON, D. D.; BOGAN, A. E.; COAN, E. V.; EMERSON, W. K.; LYONS, W. G. &amp; PRATT, W. 1988. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: mollusks. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, 16: 1 - 277." type="journal article" year="1988">
Turgeon 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C01E04A14D91F01C50B024B" box="[737,793,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="1">et al.,</emphasis>
1988: 277
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A15A41F00C219024B" author="TURGEON, D. D. &amp; QUINN JR., J. F. &amp; BOGAN, A. E. &amp; COAN, E. V. &amp; HOCHBERG, F. G. &amp; LYONS, W. G." box="[924,1035,1624,1648]" page="526" pageId="1" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A15A41F00C219024B" author="TURGEON, D. D. &amp; QUINN JR., J. F. &amp; BOGAN, A. E. &amp; COAN, E. V. &amp; HOCHBERG, F. G. &amp; LYONS, W. G." box="[924,1035,1624,1648]" pageId="1" pagination="1 - 526" refId="ref9497" refString="TURGEON, D. D.; QUINN JR., J. F.; BOGAN, A. E.; COAN, E. V.; HOCHBERG, F. G. &amp; LYONS, W. G. 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks. 2. ed. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, 26: 1 - 526." type="journal article" year="1998">1998: 526</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A122F1F00C2D5024B" author="CHAN, S. Y." box="[1047,1223,1624,1648]" page="4" pageId="1" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A122F1F00C2D5024B" author="CHAN, S. Y." box="[1047,1223,1624,1648]" pageId="1" pagination="4 - 5" refId="ref7429" refString="CHAN, S. Y. 1995. A brief collection of land shells of Desaru Tanjung Panawar. The Papustyla, 9 (4): 4 - 5." type="journal article" year="1995">Chan, 1995: 4-5</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A14D91F20C56B02AB" author="HO, W. H." box="[737,889,1656,1680]" page="91" pageId="1" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A14D91F20C56B02AB" author="HO, W. H." box="[737,889,1656,1680]" pageId="1" pagination="91 - 113" refId="ref7933" refString="HO, W. H. 1995. A review of the land-snail fauna of Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 43 (1): 91 - 113." type="journal article" year="1995">Ho, 1995: 91</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 100-101; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A15CB1F20C558028B" author="VERMEULEN, J. J. &amp; WHITTEN, A. J." pageId="1" refId="ref9648" refString="VERMEULEN, J. J. &amp; WHITTEN, A. J. 1998. Fauna Malesiana. Guide to the land snails of Bali. Backhuys. Leiden, 164 p." type="book" year="1998">Vermeulen &amp; Whitten, 1998</bibRefCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A15601FC0C228028B" author="SCHILEYKO, A. A." box="[856,1082,1688,1712]" page="822" pageId="1" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A15601FC0C228028B" author="SCHILEYKO, A. A." box="[856,1082,1688,1712]" pageId="1" pagination="731 - 880" refId="ref9044" refString="SCHILEYKO, A. A. 2000. Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate mollusks. Part 6. Rhytididae, Chlamydephoridae, Systrophiidae, Haplotrematidae, Streptaxidae, Spiraxidae, Oleacinidae, Testacellidae. Ruthenica, (suppl. 2): 731 - 880." type="journal article" year="2000">Schileyko, 2000: 822</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(fig. 1075A); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A14D91FE0C23702EB" author="AUFFENBERG, K. &amp; STANGE, L. A." box="[737,1061,1720,1744]" page="3" pageId="1" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A14D91FE0C23702EB" author="AUFFENBERG, K. &amp; STANGE, L. A." box="[737,1061,1720,1744]" pageId="1" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref7096" refString="AUFFENBERG, K. &amp; STANGE, L. A. 2008. Snails-eating snails of Florida, Gastropoda. University of Florida IFAS Extension, EENY, 251: 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="2008">Auffenberg &amp; Stange, 2008: 3</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(fig. 8); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A12B11FE0C5DB02CB" author="SANTOS, S. B. &amp; VIANA, T. A. &amp; FONSECA, F. C." page="145" pageId="1" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A12B11FE0C5DB02CB" author="SANTOS, S. B. &amp; VIANA, T. A. &amp; FONSECA, F. C." pageId="1" pagination="145 - 148" refId="ref8986" refString="SANTOS, S. B.; VIANA, T. A. &amp; FONSECA, F. C. 2008. First record of the micro-predator Huttonella bicolor (Hutton, 1834) (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) on Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil. Biociencias, 16 (2): 145 - 148." type="journal article" year="2008">
Santos 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C01E04A14D91F81C50F02CB" box="[737,797,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="1">et al.,</emphasis>
2008: 145-148
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(figs. 1-3); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A12681F80C541032B" author="PEREZ, A. M. &amp; SOTELO, M &amp; ARANA, I. &amp; LOPEZ, A." page="331" pageId="1" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A12681F80C541032B" author="PEREZ, A. M. &amp; SOTELO, M &amp; ARANA, I. &amp; LOPEZ, A." pageId="1" pagination="317 - 332" refId="ref8475" refString="PEREZ, A. M.; SOTELO, M; ARANA, I. &amp; LOPEZ, A. 2008. Diversidad de moluscos gasteropodos terrestres en la region del Pacifico de Nicaragua y sus preferencias de habitat. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 56 (1): 317 - 332." type="journal article" year="2008">
Pérez 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C01E04A12A81F81C2DE02CB" box="[1168,1228,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="1">et al.,</emphasis>
2008: 331
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A155B1FA0C29C032B" author="ROBINSON, D. G. &amp; HOVESTADT, A. &amp; FIELDS, A. &amp; BREURE, A. S. H." box="[867,1166,1784,1808]" page="634" pageId="1" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A155B1FA0C29C032B" author="ROBINSON, D. G. &amp; HOVESTADT, A. &amp; FIELDS, A. &amp; BREURE, A. S. H." box="[867,1166,1784,1808]" pageId="1" pagination="615 - 650" refId="ref8741" refString="ROBINSON, D. G.; HOVESTADT, A.; FIELDS, A. &amp; BREURE, A. S. H. 2009. The land Mollusca of Dominica (Lesser Antilles), with notes on some enigmatic or rare species. Zoologische Mededelingen, 83: 615 - 650." type="journal article" year="2009">
Robinson 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C01E04A15EB1FA1C21D032B" box="[979,1039,1784,1808]" italics="true" pageId="1">et al.,</emphasis>
2009: 634
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 646, (figs. 7C, 8D); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A15BD1E40C293030B" author="SUTCHARIT, C. &amp; NAGGS, F. &amp; WADE, C. M. &amp; FONTANILLA, I. &amp; PANHA, S." box="[901,1153,1816,1840]" page="3" pageId="1" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A15BD1E40C293030B" author="SUTCHARIT, C. &amp; NAGGS, F. &amp; WADE, C. M. &amp; FONTANILLA, I. &amp; PANHA, S." box="[901,1153,1816,1840]" pageId="1" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref9313" refString="SUTCHARIT, C.; NAGGS, F.; WADE, C. M.; FONTANILLA, I. &amp; PANHA, S. 2010. The new family Diapheridae, a new species of Diaphera Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 160: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2010">
Sutcharit 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C01E04A15D31E41C236030B" box="[1003,1060,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="1">et al.,</emphasis>
2010: 3
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 9, 13; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C01E04A14D91E60C5A0036B" author="SCHILEYKO, A. A." box="[737,946,1848,1872]" page="27" pageId="1" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C01E04A14D91E60C5A0036B" author="SCHILEYKO, A. A." box="[737,946,1848,1872]" pageId="1" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref9090" refString="SCHILEYKO, A. A. 2011. Check-list of land pulmonate molluscs of Vietnam (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Ruthenica, 21 (1): 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="2011">Schileyko, 2011: 27</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C02E04916BC19E1C78B052B" blockId="2.[132,681,184,560]" pageId="2">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7811DB5C02E04916BC19E1C78B052B" pageId="2">
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C02E04916BC19E1C74904CB" author="ANNANDALE, N. &amp; PRASHAD, B." page="194" pageId="2" year="1920">
<taxonomicName id="4C684D765C02E04916BC19E1C74904CB" authority="Annandale &amp; Prashad, 1920: 191 - 194" authorityName="Annandale &amp; Prashad" authorityPageNumber="191 - 194" authorityYear="1920" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Ennea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="bicolor" subSpecies="barkudensis">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C02E04916BC19E1C78804EB" box="[132,410,184,208]" italics="true" pageId="2">Ennea bicolor barkudensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C02E049179319E0C74904CB" author="ANNANDALE, N. &amp; PRASHAD, B." pageId="2" pagination="189 - 194" refId="ref7067" refString="ANNANDALE, N. &amp; PRASHAD, B. 1920. Observations on a carnivorous snail. Records of the Indian Museum, 19: 189 - 194." type="journal article" year="1920">Annandale &amp; Prashad, 1920: 191-194</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(figs. 1-3) [Barkuda Is., Chilka Lake, 
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, 
<collectingCountry id="F37F76655C02E049176B19A0C79D052B" box="[339,399,248,272]" name="India" pageId="2">India</collectingCountry>
].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C02E04916BC1840C733054B" blockId="2.[132,681,184,560]" pageId="2">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7811DB5C02E04916BC1840C733054B" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C02E04916BC1840C7B4050B" box="[132,422,280,304]" italics="true" pageId="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C684D765C02E04916BC1840C7B3050B" ID-CoL="3HLN6" baseAuthorityName="T. Hutton" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[132,417,280,304]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bicolor" subGenus="Huttonella">Gulella (Huttonella) bicolor</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C02E04917891840C4BA050B" author="JUTTING, W. S. S. V." box="[433,680,280,304]" page="504" pageId="2" year="1950">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C02E04917891840C4BA050B" author="JUTTING, W. S. S. V." box="[433,680,280,304]" pageId="2" pagination="381 - 505" refId="ref8045" refString="JUTTING, W. S. S. V. 1950. II. Critical revision of the Javanese pulmonate land-shells of the families Helicarionidae, Pleurodontidae and Fruticolidae and Streptaxidae. Treubia, 20 (3): 381 - 505." type="journal article" year="1950">Jutting, 1950: 504-505</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(figs. 106-107); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C02E04917A81860C70C054B" author="RAMAKRISHNA, A. D. &amp; MITRA, S. C." page="39" pageId="2" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C02E04917A81860C70C054B" author="RAMAKRISHNA, A. D. &amp; MITRA, S. C." pageId="2" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref8704" refString="RAMAKRISHNA, A. D. &amp; MITRA, S. C. 2010. Annotated checklist of Indian land molluscs. Occasional Paper of the Zoological Survey of India, 306: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2010">Ramakrishna &amp; Mitra, 2010: 39</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C02E04916BC1820C7D8060B" blockId="2.[132,681,184,560]" pageId="2">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7811DB5C02E04916BC1820C7D8060B" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C02E04916BC1820C73205AB" box="[132,288,376,400]" italics="true" pageId="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C684D765C02E04916BC1820C70E05AB" ID-CoL="3HLN6" baseAuthorityName="T. Hutton" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[132,284,376,400]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bicolor">Gulella bicolor</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C02E04917141820C7F305AB" author="BERRY, A. J." box="[300,481,376,400]" page="15" pageId="2" year="1963">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C02E04917141820C7F305AB" author="BERRY, A. J." box="[300,481,376,400]" pageId="2" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref7177" refString="BERRY, A. J. 1963 a. An introduction to the non-marine molluscs of Malaya. Malayan Nature Journal, 17: 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1963">Berry, 1963a: 15</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(fig. 73); 
<collectingRegion id="49ACF8175C02E049146E1820C4BB05AB" box="[598,681,376,400]" country="United Kingdom" name="Dundee City" pageId="2">Dundee</collectingRegion>
&amp; Baerewald, 1984: 63-67 (figs. 2-7); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C02E049145A18C0C74D05EB" author="NAGGS, F." page="165" pageId="2" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C02E049145A18C0C74D05EB" author="NAGGS, F." pageId="2" pagination="165 - 168" refId="ref8379" refString="NAGGS, F. 1989. Gulella bicolor (Hutton) and its implications for the taxonomy of streptaxids. Journal of Conchology, 33: 165 - 168." type="journal article" year="1989">Naggs, 1989: 165-168</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C02E049175718E0C43505EB" author="COWIE, R. H." box="[367,551,440,464]" page="31" pageId="2" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C02E049175718E0C43505EB" author="COWIE, R. H." box="[367,551,440,464]" pageId="2" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref7500" refString="COWIE, R. H. 1997. Catalog and biography of the nonindigenous nonmarine snails and slugs of the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, 50: 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1997">Cowie, 1997: 31</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C02E049140E18E0C7B805CB" author="GERLACH, J. &amp; BRUGGEN, A. C. V." page="20" pageId="2" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C02E049140E18E0C7B805CB" author="GERLACH, J. &amp; BRUGGEN, A. C. V." pageId="2" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref7840" refString="GERLACH, J. &amp; BRUGGEN, A. C. V. 1999. Streptaxidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) of the Seychelles Islands, western Indian Ocean. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 328: 1 - 60." type="book chapter" year="1999">Gerlach &amp; Bruggen, 1999: 20-21</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(figs. 1b; 6a); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C02E04914681880C796062B" author="VERMEULEN, J. J." page="174" pageId="2" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C02E04914681880C796062B" author="VERMEULEN, J. J." pageId="2" pagination="169 - 176" refId="ref9608" refString="VERMEULEN, J. J. 2007. Notes on the non-marine molluscs of Borneo 10. The genera Bruggennea, Gulella and Sinoennea (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Streptaxidae). Basteria, 71: 169 - 176." type="journal article" year="2007">Vermeulen, 2007: 174-175</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(fig. 4); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E45C02E04917E418A0C74A060B" author="CHAIJIRAWOWG, R. &amp; NUAMSEE, K. &amp; DUMRONGROJWATTANA, P." page="251" pageId="2" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C02E04917E418A0C74A060B" author="CHAIJIRAWOWG, R. &amp; NUAMSEE, K. &amp; DUMRONGROJWATTANA, P." pageId="2" pagination="251 - 255" refId="ref7379" refString="CHAIJIRAWOWG, R.; NUAMSEE, K. &amp; DUMRONGROJWATTANA, P. 2008. Shell and radula morphology and reproductive anatomy of the introduced carnivorous snail, Gulella bicolor (Pulmonata: Streptaxidae) from Chon Buri Province. Kasetsart Journal, 42: 251 - 255." type="journal article" year="2008">
Chaijirawowg 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C02E049144A18A1C4BA062B" box="[626,680,504,528]" italics="true" pageId="2">et al.,</emphasis>
2008: 251-254
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(figs. 2-3).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C02E04916C51B20C42206AB" blockId="2.[253,560,632,656]" box="[253,560,632,656]" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C02E04916C51B20C42206AB" bold="true" box="[253,560,632,656]" pageId="2">Complementary description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C372657E5C02E04316BC1BE0C764054B" lastPageId="8" pageId="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C02E04916BC1BE0C5A806EB" blockId="2.[132,681,696,1104]" lastBlockId="2.[718,1266,184,720]" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C02E04916BC1BE0C77206EB" box="[132,352,696,720]" italics="true" pageId="2">
Shell (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C02E04916FF1BE0C73406EB" box="[199,294,696,720]" captionStart="FIGURES 1‑6" captionStartId="2.[132,222,1826,1845]" captionTargetBox="[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-437@2.[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1‑6: Huttonella bicolor shell: 1) MZSP 98761 (Acre, Brazil), apertural view (H 6.1 mm); 2) same, left view; 3) same, dorsal view; 4) same, right view; 5) MZSP 99734 (Acre, Brazil), specimens with thinner shell, apertural view (H 6.0 mm); 6) same, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152683/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figs. 1-6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13532A705C02E049170E1BE0C74306EB" box="[310,337,696,720]" captionStart="FIGURES 7‑11" captionStartId="4.[132,222,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[132,1266,403,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-97@4.[132,1266,403,1764]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7‑11: Huttonella bicolor hard parts in SEM: 7) radula, whole view, scale: 20 µm; 8) same, detail of central region, scale: 20 µm; 9) same, detail of lateral region, scale: 10 µm; 10) same, detail of central region, rachidian close to right side, scale: 10 µm; 11) detail of aperture, MZSP 98761, apertural-slightly right view, scale: 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152687/files/figure.png" pageId="2">11</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
about 
<quantity id="4C909B105C02E049178A1BE0C7E706F4" box="[434,501,696,720]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
long, turriform, elongated; width ~30% of length. Walls thin, fragile, translucent (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C02E04917301BA0C775072B" box="[264,359,760,784]" captionStart="FIGURES 1‑6" captionStartId="2.[132,222,1826,1845]" captionTargetBox="[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-437@2.[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1‑6: Huttonella bicolor shell: 1) MZSP 98761 (Acre, Brazil), apertural view (H 6.1 mm); 2) same, left view; 3) same, dorsal view; 4) same, right view; 5) MZSP 99734 (Acre, Brazil), specimens with thinner shell, apertural view (H 6.0 mm); 6) same, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152683/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figs. 5-6</figureCitation>
) to opaque (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C02E04917CD1BA0C444072B" box="[501,598,760,784]" captionStart="FIGURES 1‑6" captionStartId="2.[132,222,1826,1845]" captionTargetBox="[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-437@2.[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1‑6: Huttonella bicolor shell: 1) MZSP 98761 (Acre, Brazil), apertural view (H 6.1 mm); 2) same, left view; 3) same, dorsal view; 4) same, right view; 5) MZSP 99734 (Acre, Brazil), specimens with thinner shell, apertural view (H 6.0 mm); 6) same, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152683/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figs. 1-4</figureCitation>
). Color mostly white, with some reddish or yellowish tones close to apex. Spire elongated, occupying ~70% of shell length. Whorls convex, weakly rounded, suture relatively deep. Protoconch with little more than 1 whorl, smooth, dome-shaped, with ~10% of shell length and ~62% of maximum diameter (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C02E04914051AE0C48907EB" box="[573,667,952,976]" captionStart="FIGURES 1‑6" captionStartId="2.[132,222,1826,1845]" captionTargetBox="[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-437@2.[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1‑6: Huttonella bicolor shell: 1) MZSP 98761 (Acre, Brazil), apertural view (H 6.1 mm); 2) same, left view; 3) same, dorsal view; 4) same, right view; 5) MZSP 99734 (Acre, Brazil), specimens with thinner shell, apertural view (H 6.0 mm); 6) same, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152683/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figs. 1-6</figureCitation>
). Transition protoconch-teleoconch unclear, orthocline (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C02E04916F21AA0C71D002B" box="[202,271,1016,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 1‑6" captionStartId="2.[132,222,1826,1845]" captionTargetBox="[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-437@2.[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1‑6: Huttonella bicolor shell: 1) MZSP 98761 (Acre, Brazil), apertural view (H 6.1 mm); 2) same, left view; 3) same, dorsal view; 4) same, right view; 5) MZSP 99734 (Acre, Brazil), specimens with thinner shell, apertural view (H 6.0 mm); 6) same, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152683/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Teleoconch of three whorls; penultimate whorl about 30% wider than preceding and last whorls (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C02E04917341D60C76B006B" box="[268,377,1080,1104]" captionStart="FIGURES 1‑6" captionStartId="2.[132,222,1826,1845]" captionTargetBox="[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-437@2.[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1‑6: Huttonella bicolor shell: 1) MZSP 98761 (Acre, Brazil), apertural view (H 6.1 mm); 2) same, left view; 3) same, dorsal view; 4) same, right view; 5) MZSP 99734 (Acre, Brazil), specimens with thinner shell, apertural view (H 6.0 mm); 6) same, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152683/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figs. 2, 5</figureCitation>
). Sculpture mostly smooth, with irregular axial, subsutural ribs, ~ 
<quantity id="4C909B105C02E049126519E0C28504EB" box="[1117,1175,184,208]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="2" unit="in" value="20.0">20 in</quantity>
penultimate whorl, restricted to superior 10% of each whorl (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C02E04914ED19A0C520052B" box="[725,818,248,272]" captionStart="FIGURES 1‑6" captionStartId="2.[132,222,1826,1845]" captionTargetBox="[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-437@2.[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1‑6: Huttonella bicolor shell: 1) MZSP 98761 (Acre, Brazil), apertural view (H 6.1 mm); 2) same, left view; 3) same, dorsal view; 4) same, right view; 5) MZSP 99734 (Acre, Brazil), specimens with thinner shell, apertural view (H 6.0 mm); 6) same, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152683/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figs. 1-6</figureCitation>
); axial sculpture stronger in last half whorl, becoming complete axial ribs (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C02E04912341840C299050B" box="[1036,1163,280,304]" captionStart="FIGURES 1‑6" captionStartId="2.[132,222,1826,1845]" captionTargetBox="[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-437@2.[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1‑6: Huttonella bicolor shell: 1) MZSP 98761 (Acre, Brazil), apertural view (H 6.1 mm); 2) same, left view; 3) same, dorsal view; 4) same, right view; 5) MZSP 99734 (Acre, Brazil), specimens with thinner shell, apertural view (H 6.0 mm); 6) same, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152683/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figs. 3, 1, 6</figureCitation>
). Umbilicus practically absent (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C02E049158E1860C5E7056B" box="[950,1013,312,336]" captionStart="FIGURES 1‑6" captionStartId="2.[132,222,1826,1845]" captionTargetBox="[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-437@2.[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1‑6: Huttonella bicolor shell: 1) MZSP 98761 (Acre, Brazil), apertural view (H 6.1 mm); 2) same, left view; 3) same, dorsal view; 4) same, right view; 5) MZSP 99734 (Acre, Brazil), specimens with thinner shell, apertural view (H 6.0 mm); 6) same, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152683/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Aperture with strongly deflected, thick lips, orthocline (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C02E049122E1800C267054B" box="[1046,1141,344,368]" captionStart="FIGURES 1‑6" captionStartId="2.[132,222,1826,1845]" captionTargetBox="[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-437@2.[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1‑6: Huttonella bicolor shell: 1) MZSP 98761 (Acre, Brazil), apertural view (H 6.1 mm); 2) same, left view; 3) same, dorsal view; 4) same, right view; 5) MZSP 99734 (Acre, Brazil), specimens with thinner shell, apertural view (H 6.0 mm); 6) same, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152683/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figs. 2, 4</figureCitation>
); occupying ~30% of shell length and ~85% of shell width. Outline of aperture somewhat rectangular, weakly longer than wide, (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C02E049157118E0C5B805EB" box="[841,938,440,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 1‑6" captionStartId="2.[132,222,1826,1845]" captionTargetBox="[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-437@2.[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1‑6: Huttonella bicolor shell: 1) MZSP 98761 (Acre, Brazil), apertural view (H 6.1 mm); 2) same, left view; 3) same, dorsal view; 4) same, right view; 5) MZSP 99734 (Acre, Brazil), specimens with thinner shell, apertural view (H 6.0 mm); 6) same, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152683/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figs. 1, 5</figureCitation>
). Outer lip rounded, straight in middle; inner lip thick by flattened callus. Apertural teeth (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C02E049153718A0C57D062B" box="[783,879,504,528]" captionStart="FIGURES 1‑6" captionStartId="2.[132,222,1826,1845]" captionTargetBox="[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-437@2.[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1‑6: Huttonella bicolor shell: 1) MZSP 98761 (Acre, Brazil), apertural view (H 6.1 mm); 2) same, left view; 3) same, dorsal view; 4) same, right view; 5) MZSP 99734 (Acre, Brazil), specimens with thinner shell, apertural view (H 6.0 mm); 6) same, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152683/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figs. 1, 5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13532A705C02E049154318A0C585062B" box="[891,919,504,528]" captionStart="FIGURES 7‑11" captionStartId="4.[132,222,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[132,1266,403,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-97@4.[132,1266,403,1764]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7‑11: Huttonella bicolor hard parts in SEM: 7) radula, whole view, scale: 20 µm; 8) same, detail of central region, scale: 20 µm; 9) same, detail of lateral region, scale: 10 µm; 10) same, detail of central region, rachidian close to right side, scale: 10 µm; 11) detail of aperture, MZSP 98761, apertural-slightly right view, scale: 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152687/files/figure.png" pageId="2">11</figureCitation>
): tall, triangular, wide teeth located in middle of outer lip; palatal teeth located in middle of superior region of callus, with concavity right, forming a canal with tooth of outer lip; parietal tooth elongated, located in middle to inner lip, obliquely placed; inferior toot small, located in middle level of inferior apertural edge.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C02E04914F61BA0C2C507AB" blockId="2.[718,1266,760,912]" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C02E04914F61BA0C5D5072B" box="[718,967,760,784]" italics="true" pageId="2">
Head-foot (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C02E04915071BA0C5AB072B" box="[831,953,760,784]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figs. 12, 16</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
of normal shape. Color uniform pale yellow to cream. Pair of ommatophores well-developed, with strong retractor muscles (tm), normally orange pigmented. Eyes dark. No tentacles found. Columellar muscle thick, 1whorl in length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C02E04814F61AE0C71E060B" blockId="2.[718,1267,952,1104]" lastBlockId="3.[94,643,184,560]" lastPageId="3" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C02E04914F61AE0C5D607EB" box="[718,964,952,976]" italics="true" pageId="2">
Mantle organs (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C02E04915531AE0C5A407EB" box="[875,950,952,976]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
mantle border thick, lacking pigments. Pneumostome protected by ventral, right flap (pv), with ~1/4 of aperture length. Pneumostome about 1/8 of aperture length, having on dorsal edge anus right and nephrostome left (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C02E04912071D60C29D006B" box="[1087,1167,1080,1104]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
: an, ua). Lung almost 2 whorls in length, narrow and elongated. Pulmonary vessels inconspicuous, concentrated in anterior third, surrounded by mucosa strongly pigmented orange (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E048173E1840C751050B" box="[262,323,280,304]" captionStart="FIGURES 1‑6" captionStartId="2.[132,222,1826,1845]" captionTargetBox="[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-437@2.[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1‑6: Huttonella bicolor shell: 1) MZSP 98761 (Acre, Brazil), apertural view (H 6.1 mm); 2) same, left view; 3) same, dorsal view; 4) same, right view; 5) MZSP 99734 (Acre, Brazil), specimens with thinner shell, apertural view (H 6.0 mm); 6) same, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152683/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Pulmonary vein (cv) running longitudinally and weakly oblique, anteriorly between middle and right thirds of pallial cavity, approaching to median line gradually. Middle and posterior thirds of cavity lacking visible vessels except for pulmonary vein. Kidney yellow, located posteriorly, occupying ~20% of cavity length and ~50% of its width (details below). Rectum (rt) and ureter (ur) narrow, running along right edge.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF17667D5C02E04916BC1E7AC2FC0374" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152683" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13152683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" startId="2.[132,222,1826,1845]" targetBox="[132,1266,1147,1790]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C02E04916BC1E7AC2FC0374" blockId="2.[132,1266,1826,1871]" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C02E04916BC1E7AC71B030E" bold="true" box="[132,265,1826,1845]" pageId="2">FIGURES 1‑6:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C684D765C02E04917371E7AC7B2030E" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1834" box="[271,416,1826,1845]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Huttonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C02E04917371E7AC7B2030E" box="[271,416,1826,1845]" italics="true" pageId="2">Huttonella bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shell: 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C02E04917EF1E7AC7FB030E" bold="true" box="[471,489,1826,1845]" pageId="2">1)</emphasis>
MZSP 98761 (Acre, Brazil), apertural view (H 6.1 mm); 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C02E04915EC1E7AC5F4030E" bold="true" box="[980,998,1826,1845]" pageId="2">2)</emphasis>
same, left view; 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C02E049124C1E7AC294030E" bold="true" box="[1140,1158,1826,1845]" pageId="2">3)</emphasis>
same, dorsal view; 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C02E049168C1E64C6D50374" bold="true" box="[180,199,1852,1871]" pageId="2">4)</emphasis>
same, right view; 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C02E04917641E64C77D0374" bold="true" box="[348,367,1852,1871]" pageId="2">5)</emphasis>
MZSP 99734 (Acre, Brazil), specimens with thinner shell, apertural view (H 6.0 mm); 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C02E04912791E64C2460374" bold="true" box="[1089,1108,1852,1871]" pageId="2">6)</emphasis>
same, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C03E04816661B00C7AE002B" blockId="3.[94,643,600,1040]" pageId="3">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C03E04816661B00C7BF064B" box="[94,429,600,624]" italics="true" pageId="3">
Visceral mass (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E04816C11B00C7510654" box="[249,323,600,623]" captionStart="FIGURES 1‑6" captionStartId="2.[132,222,1826,1845]" captionTargetBox="[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-437@2.[132,1266,1147,1790]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1‑6: Huttonella bicolor shell: 1) MZSP 98761 (Acre, Brazil), apertural view (H 6.1 mm); 2) same, left view; 3) same, dorsal view; 4) same, right view; 5) MZSP 99734 (Acre, Brazil), specimens with thinner shell, apertural view (H 6.0 mm); 6) same, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152683/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E048176D1B00C78D064B" box="[341,415,600,624]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="3">13, 14</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
about 4 whorls in length. Both digestive gland lobes pale yellow in color. Anterior lobe (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E048171A1BC0C7B4068B" box="[290,422,664,688]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Figs. 13, 16</figureCitation>
: da) flattened, occupying ~1/6 of visceral volume, located just posterior to pallial cavity continuous to kidney. Posterior lobe (dg) with 3 spiral, similar sized whorls, with ~75% of visceral volume. Stomach with about 1/10 of visceral volume, located between both digestive gland lobes, about half whorl posterior to pallial cavity (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E04814101A00C464074B" box="[552,630,856,880]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). Digestive tubes (described below) surrounding anterior lobe of digestive gland. Gonad clearly multi-lobed, cream color, somewhat spherical, encased in middleright region of posterior lobe of digestive gland, occupying ~1/15 of visceral volume.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C03E04816661D60C7580254" blockId="3.[94,643,1080,1648]" pageId="3">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C03E04816661D60C412006B" box="[94,512,1080,1104]" italics="true" pageId="3">
Circulatory and excretory systems (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E04817921D60C7E1006B" box="[426,499,1080,1104]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Pericardium about twice as long as wide, located longitudinally between middle and left thirds of posterior end of pallial hoof; occupying ~5% of lung area. Auricle located anteriorly, as continuation from pulmonary vein, with about same ventricle size. Kidney size reported above, simple, entirely solid (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E048176D1DA0C7B5012B" box="[341,423,1272,1296]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
: ki), dorso-ventrally flattened. Nephropore small, in anterior-left corner, as tip of small projection of renal tissue, turned right (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E048165E1C00C6A0014B" box="[102,178,1368,1392]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
: ka). Primary and secondary ureter complete and closed (tubular); primary ureter lying on anterior edge of kidney, somewhat perpendicular to pallial cavity longitudinal axis, after running ~half pallial cavity width abruptly turning anteriorly, running as secondary ureter (ur) along right half of posterior end of lung, and along left edge of rectum. Urinary aperture (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E04816AD1F60C6F2026B" box="[149,224,1592,1616]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
: ua) simple, turned anteriorly, located on edge of pneumostome.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C03E04F16661FC1C2C1052B" blockId="3.[94,643,1688,1872]" lastBlockId="4.[718,1267,184,368]" lastPageId="4" pageId="3">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C03E04816661FC1C7C2028B" box="[94,464,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="3">
Digestive system (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E048172F1FC0C7D0028B" box="[279,450,1688,1712]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStart-1="FIGURES 18‑24" captionStartId-0="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionStartId-1="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" captionTargetBox-0="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetBox-1="[137,1256,440,1694]" captionTargetId-0="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetId-1="figure-119@6.[132,1266,428,1713]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 18‑24: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 18) buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 19) same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 20) same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 21) same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 22) genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 23) detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 24) nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Figs. 12, 16-22</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Oral tube relatively long in retracted condition (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E04817F11FE0C40A02EB" box="[457,536,1720,1744]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
: ot), passing through nerve ring (nr). Buccal mass elongated, ~4 times longer than wide, with ~1/4 volume of head-foot and ~1/3 whorl in length. Dorsal region of buccal mass totally fulfilled by odontophore; ventral region mostly hollow, forming oral cavity (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E04814881980C4ED04CB" box="[688,767,216,240]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
: oy; showed opened in 
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E04815C11980C25404CB" box="[1017,1094,216,240]" captionStart="FIGURES 18‑24" captionStartId="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" captionTargetBox="[137,1256,440,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-119@6.[132,1266,428,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18‑24: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 18) buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 19) same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 20) same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 21) same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 22) genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 23) detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 24) nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
). Jaws wanting. Pair of radular muscles, or retractors of buccal mass (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E04814D31840C575050B" box="[747,871,280,304]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStart-1="FIGURES 18‑24" captionStartId-0="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionStartId-1="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" captionTargetBox-0="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetBox-1="[137,1256,440,1694]" captionTargetId-0="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetId-1="figure-119@6.[132,1266,428,1713]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 18‑24: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 18) buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 19) same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 20) same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 21) same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 22) genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 23) detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 24) nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Figs. 16-21</figureCitation>
: rm), very thick, fused with each other, originating in columella, in right side of columellar muscle, running towards ventral side about 1.5 times buccal mass length. Radular muscles inserted in postero-ventral end of odontophore posterior surface. Pair of buccal muscles (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E048127018E0C28B05EB" box="[1096,1177,440,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 18‑24" captionStartId="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" captionTargetBox="[137,1256,440,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-119@6.[132,1266,428,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18‑24: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 18) buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 19) same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 20) same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 21) same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 22) genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 23) detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 24) nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
: mj) weakly thick, inserted in both sides of odontophore cartilages, extending along entire buccal cavity towards posterior as thin layer of circular fibers (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E04814881B60C516066B" box="[688,772,568,592]" captionStart="FIGURES 18‑24" captionStartId="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" captionTargetBox="[137,1256,440,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-119@6.[132,1266,428,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18‑24: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 18) buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 19) same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 20) same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 21) same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 22) genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 23) detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 24) nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
: se). Pair of differentiated jugal muscles (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E04814881B00C53E064B" box="[688,812,600,624]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStart-1="FIGURES 18‑24" captionStartId-0="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionStartId-1="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" captionTargetBox-0="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetBox-1="[137,1256,440,1694]" captionTargetId-0="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetId-1="figure-119@6.[132,1266,428,1713]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 18‑24: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 18) buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 19) same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 20) same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 21) same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 22) genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 23) detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 24) nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Figs. 17-18</figureCitation>
: m1v), working as narrow ventral protractors of buccal mass; originating in ventral-anterior region of radular muscles, running towards anterior close to buccal mass ventral surface; inserting in ventral side of mouth. Odontophore with about 90% of buccal mass volume, as long as it, placed ventrally to esophagus but dorsal in a diverticulum forming buccal mass (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E04815981A60C5E6076B" box="[928,1012,824,848]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
: od). Odontophore muscles (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E04815331A00C59A074B" box="[779,904,856,880]" captionStart="FIGURES 18‑24" captionStartId="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" captionTargetBox="[137,1256,440,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-119@6.[132,1266,428,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18‑24: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 18) buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 19) same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 20) same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 21) same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 22) genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 23) detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 24) nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Figs. 18-21</figureCitation>
): 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C03E04815A61A00C5DB074B" bold="true" box="[926,969,856,880]" pageId="3">m2,</emphasis>
pair of narrow odontophore retractor muscles originating with radular retractors (rm); running close to median line as part of radular muscles (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E04815621AE0C5C807EB" box="[858,986,952,976]" captionStart="FIGURES 18‑24" captionStartId="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" captionTargetBox="[137,1256,440,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-119@6.[132,1266,428,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18‑24: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 18) buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 19) same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 20) same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 21) same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 22) genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 23) detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 24) nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Figs. 20, 21</figureCitation>
); inserting in posterior end of odontophore cartilages; 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C03E048123A1A80C23807CB" bold="true" box="[1026,1066,984,1008]" pageId="3">mc,</emphasis>
thin muscular layer connecting both outer edge of odontophore cartilages, covering entire odontophore ventral surface along ~85% of odontophore cartilages length (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E04814881D00C53C004B" box="[688,814,1112,1136]" captionStart="FIGURES 18‑24" captionStartId="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" captionTargetBox="[137,1256,440,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-119@6.[132,1266,428,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18‑24: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 18) buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 19) same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 20) same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 21) same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 22) genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 23) detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 24) nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Figs. 20, 21</figureCitation>
), from posterior end to certain distance from anterior end; 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C03E04815431D20C5B700AB" bold="true" box="[891,933,1144,1168]" pageId="3">m4,</emphasis>
main pair of dorsal tensor muscles of radula, very thick, originating in central region of radular muscles, apparently lacking connections with odontophore cartilages (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E04812061D80C2AD00CB" box="[1086,1215,1240,1264]" captionStart="FIGURES 18‑24" captionStartId="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" captionTargetBox="[137,1256,440,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-119@6.[132,1266,428,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18‑24: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 18) buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 19) same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 20) same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 21) same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 22) genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 23) detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 24) nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Figs. 20, 21</figureCitation>
), surrounding entire radular sac; inserting in radular sac along its region immediately posterior to buccal cavity (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E04814CB1C60C52C016B" box="[755,830,1336,1360]" captionStart="FIGURES 18‑24" captionStartId="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" captionTargetBox="[137,1256,440,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-119@6.[132,1266,428,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18‑24: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 18) buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 19) same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 20) same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 21) same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 22) genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 23) detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 24) nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
); 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C03E048156A1C60C56F016B" bold="true" box="[850,893,1336,1360]" pageId="3">m5,</emphasis>
pair of thin auxiliary dorsal tensor muscles; originating in outer edges of odontophore cartilages (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E04815581C20C5F701AB" box="[864,997,1400,1424]" captionStart="FIGURES 18‑24" captionStartId="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" captionTargetBox="[137,1256,440,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-119@6.[132,1266,428,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18‑24: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 18) buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 19) same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 20) same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 21) same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 22) genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 23) detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 24) nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Figs. 20, 21</figureCitation>
), along ~1/5 of their length, ~2/5 of cartilages length posterior to their anterior end; running short distance towards median line; inserting in radular sac just dorsal to m4 insertion; 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C03E048152F1CA0C550022B" bold="true" box="[791,834,1528,1552]" pageId="3">m6,</emphasis>
horizontal muscle absent (cartilages totally fused with each other); 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C03E04815C31F40C234020B" bold="true" box="[1019,1062,1560,1584]" pageId="3">m8,</emphasis>
pair of narrow muscles running along both sides of subradular cartilage (sc) in its region in buccal cavity, continuing longitudinally through entire odontophore on dorsal side of m4, close to medina line, inserting in radular muscles (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E04815131FE0C5B902EB" box="[811,939,1720,1744]" captionStart="FIGURES 18‑24" captionStartId="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" captionTargetBox="[137,1256,440,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-119@6.[132,1266,428,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18‑24: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 18) buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 19) same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 20) same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 21) same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 22) genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 23) detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 24) nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Figs. 20, 21</figureCitation>
); 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C03E04815F81FE0C5EB02EB" bold="true" box="[960,1017,1720,1744]" pageId="3">m11,</emphasis>
pair of narrow ventral tensor muscles of radula (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C03E04815C81F80C25302CB" box="[1008,1089,1752,1776]" captionStart="FIGURES 18‑24" captionStartId="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" captionTargetBox="[137,1256,440,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-119@6.[132,1266,428,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18‑24: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 18) buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 19) same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 20) same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 21) same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 22) genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 23) detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 24) nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
), originating in ventro-lateral surface of mc, running close to mc towards anterior and ventral, inserting in ventral end of subradular cartilage. Odontophore non-muscular structures (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C04E04F16C119E0C76704EB" box="[249,373,184,208]" captionStart="FIGURES 18‑24" captionStartId="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" captionTargetBox="[137,1256,440,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-119@6.[132,1266,428,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18‑24: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 18) buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 19) same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 20) same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 21) same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 22) genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 23) detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 24) nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Figs. 19-21</figureCitation>
): 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C04E04F17B119E0C7BB04EB" bold="true" box="[393,425,184,208]" pageId="4">oc,</emphasis>
odontophore cartilages, flattened, entirely fused with each other forming a wide groove (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C04E04F172D19A0C776052B" box="[277,356,248,272]" captionStart="FIGURES 18‑24" captionStartId="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" captionTargetBox="[137,1256,440,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-119@6.[132,1266,428,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18‑24: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 18) buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 19) same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 20) same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 21) same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 22) genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 23) detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 24) nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
), anterior end roughly rounded, remaining with uniform width along length, ~5 times longer than wide, posterior end concave, with pair of posterior, thick, short projections, middle (fusional) region thinner than lateral edges; 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C04E04F129919E0C2AF04EB" bold="true" box="[1185,1213,184,208]" pageId="4">sc,</emphasis>
subradular cartilage, with expanding region in buccal cavity protecting subradular membrane (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C04E04F124019A0C2D4052B" box="[1144,1222,248,272]" captionStart="FIGURES 18‑24" captionStartId="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" captionTargetBox="[137,1256,440,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-119@6.[132,1266,428,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18‑24: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 18) buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 19) same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 20) same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 21) same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 22) genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 23) detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 24) nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C04E04D153F1840C59004CB" blockId="4.[718,1267,184,368]" lastBlockId="6.[718,1267,184,400]" lastPageId="6" pageId="4">
Radula about as long as odontophore length. Radula (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C04E04F15101860C581056B" box="[808,915,312,336]" captionStart="FIGURES 7‑11" captionStartId="4.[132,222,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[132,1266,403,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-97@4.[132,1266,403,1764]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7‑11: Huttonella bicolor hard parts in SEM: 7) radula, whole view, scale: 20 µm; 8) same, detail of central region, scale: 20 µm; 9) same, detail of lateral region, scale: 10 µm; 10) same, detail of central region, rachidian close to right side, scale: 10 µm; 11) detail of aperture, MZSP 98761, apertural-slightly right view, scale: 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152687/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Figs. 7-10</figureCitation>
) with rachidian teeth, 9 pairs of lateral teeth; no clear distinction of marginal teeth. Rachidian tooth (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C06E04D170619E0C7A204EB" box="[318,432,184,208]" captionStart="FIGURES 7‑11" captionStartId="4.[132,222,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[132,1266,403,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-97@4.[132,1266,403,1764]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7‑11: Huttonella bicolor hard parts in SEM: 7) radula, whole view, scale: 20 µm; 8) same, detail of central region, scale: 20 µm; 9) same, detail of lateral region, scale: 10 µm; 10) same, detail of central region, rachidian close to right side, scale: 10 µm; 11) detail of aperture, MZSP 98761, apertural-slightly right view, scale: 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152687/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Figs. 8, 10</figureCitation>
) small, ~5% of radular width and ~5 times longer than wide; base wider and triangular, remaining as rod tapering up to sharp pointed terminal cusp. Lateral teeth similar to rachidian (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C06E04D16DA1860C745056B" box="[226,343,312,336]" captionStart="FIGURES 7‑11" captionStartId="4.[132,222,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[132,1266,403,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-97@4.[132,1266,403,1764]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7‑11: Huttonella bicolor hard parts in SEM: 7) radula, whole view, scale: 20 µm; 8) same, detail of central region, scale: 20 µm; 9) same, detail of lateral region, scale: 10 µm; 10) same, detail of central region, rachidian close to right side, scale: 10 µm; 11) detail of aperture, MZSP 98761, apertural-slightly right view, scale: 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152687/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Figs. 9, 10</figureCitation>
), except in being slightly asymmetrical, weakly arched, and ~3 times larger; lateral teeth similarly sized, except for marginal teeth, being ~1/2 of remaining teeth. Each radular row disposed as chevrons of ~75°.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF17667D5C04E04F16BC1E50C4A60374" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152687" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13152687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152687/files/figure.png" pageId="4" startId="4.[132,222,1800,1819]" targetBox="[132,1266,403,1764]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C04E04F16BC1E50C4A60374" blockId="4.[132,1267,1800,1871]" pageId="4">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C04E04F16BC1E50C7000320" bold="true" box="[132,274,1800,1819]" pageId="4">FIGURES 7‑11:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C684D765C04E04F172F1E51C7B40327" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1834" box="[279,422,1801,1820]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Huttonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C04E04F172F1E51C7B40327" box="[279,422,1801,1820]" italics="true" pageId="4">Huttonella bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hard parts in SEM: 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C04E04F14761E50C4730320" bold="true" box="[590,609,1800,1819]" pageId="4">7)</emphasis>
radula, whole view, scale: 20 µm; 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C04E04F15411E50C5990320" bold="true" box="[889,907,1800,1819]" pageId="4">8)</emphasis>
same, detail of central region, scale: 20 µm; 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C04E04F16BC1E7AC685030E" bold="true" box="[132,151,1826,1845]" pageId="4">9)</emphasis>
same, detail of lateral region, scale: 10 µm; 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C04E04F143F1E7AC436030E" bold="true" box="[519,548,1826,1845]" pageId="4">10)</emphasis>
same, detail of central region, rachidian close to right side, scale: 10 µm; 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C04E04F12B21E7AC2BA030E" bold="true" box="[1162,1192,1826,1845]" pageId="4">11)</emphasis>
detail of aperture, MZSP 98761, apertural-slightly right view, scale: 300 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF17667D5C05E04E16671E50C5D10374" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="5" startId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" targetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C05E04E16671E50C5D10374" blockId="5.[94,1229,1800,1871]" pageId="5">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C05E04E16671E50C6E80320" bold="true" box="[95,250,1800,1819]" pageId="5">FIGURES 12‑17:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C684D765C05E04E173A1E51C7860327" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1834" box="[258,404,1801,1820]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Huttonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C05E04E173A1E51C7860327" box="[258,404,1801,1820]" italics="true" pageId="5">Huttonella bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
anatomy: 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C05E04E17C91E50C41D0320" bold="true" box="[497,527,1800,1819]" pageId="5">12)</emphasis>
foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C05E04E15C31E50C20B0320" bold="true" box="[1019,1049,1800,1819]" pageId="5">13)</emphasis>
whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C05E04E17501E7AC794030E" bold="true" box="[360,390,1826,1845]" pageId="5">14)</emphasis>
same, ventral view; 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C05E04E14141E7AC458030E" bold="true" box="[556,586,1826,1845]" pageId="5">15)</emphasis>
pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C05E04E15F81E7AC5CC030E" bold="true" box="[960,990,1826,1845]" pageId="5">16)</emphasis>
digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C05E04E14301E64C4340374" bold="true" box="[520,550,1852,1871]" pageId="5">17)</emphasis>
buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C06E04C153F19A0C75A050B" blockId="6.[718,1267,184,400]" lastBlockId="7.[94,643,184,944]" lastPageId="7" pageId="6">
Salivary glands covering anterior half of esophagus (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C06E04D153A1840C540050B" box="[770,850,280,304]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
: sg), and forming a single, white, thin mass. Single salivary duct differentiable along entire ventral side of glands, with about 1/12 esophageal width. Salivary duct bifurcating only in region anterior to glands (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C07E04C170B19E0C79404EB" box="[307,390,184,208]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
: sd), becoming pair of ducts, running to both sides of esophageal origin. Salivary ducts opening in anterior end of lateral sides of odontophore cavity.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF17667D5C06E04D16BC1F8DC7ED0374" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13152691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="6" startId="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" targetBox="[137,1256,440,1694]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C06E04D16BC1F8DC7ED0374" blockId="6.[132,1267,1749,1871]" pageId="6">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C06E04D16BC1F8DC70D02D3" bold="true" box="[132,287,1749,1768]" pageId="6">FIGURES 18‑24:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C684D765C06E04D17101F8DC7A802D3" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1834" box="[296,442,1749,1768]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Huttonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C06E04D17101F8DC7A802D3" box="[296,442,1749,1768]" italics="true" pageId="6">Huttonella bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
anatomy: 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C06E04D142E1F8DC42602D3" bold="true" box="[534,564,1749,1768]" pageId="6">18)</emphasis>
buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C06E04D16BC1FB7C6B00339" bold="true" box="[132,162,1775,1794]" pageId="6">19)</emphasis>
same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C06E04D140E1FB7C4410339" bold="true" box="[566,595,1775,1794]" pageId="6">20)</emphasis>
same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C06E04D17A71E50C7AE0320" bold="true" box="[415,444,1800,1819]" pageId="6">21)</emphasis>
same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C06E04D12611E50C2640320" bold="true" box="[1113,1142,1800,1819]" pageId="6">22)</emphasis>
genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C06E04D15191E7AC52C030E" bold="true" box="[801,830,1826,1845]" pageId="6">23)</emphasis>
detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C06E04D16BC1E64C6B30374" bold="true" box="[132,161,1852,1871]" pageId="6">24)</emphasis>
nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C07E04C16AF1860C7B2078B" blockId="7.[94,643,184,944]" pageId="7">
Esophagus as long as about ¾ whorl, with thin, flaccid walls lacking clear subdivisions (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C07E04C165E1820C6FA05AB" box="[102,232,376,400]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Figs. 12, 16</figureCitation>
: es); inner surface of anterior half possessing 4-5 folds. Posterior esophageal half slightly wider, with a smooth inner surface. Stomach position and size described above (visceral mass) (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C07E04C14131880C46705CB" box="[555,629,472,496]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
), relatively narrow, curved, somewhat fusiform; gastric walls thin, flaccid; inner surface smooth. Esophageal insertion right, intestinal origin on left side, both close to columella. Duct to anterior lobe of digestive gland encased between esophagus and intestine (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C07E04C165E1BC0C6A3068B" box="[102,177,664,688]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
: dd). Duct to posterior lobe of digestive gland located a short distance from intestinal origin and posterior do previously described duct (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C07E04C14381B80C45C06CB" box="[512,590,728,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). Intestine initially as wide as esophageal insertion, shortly tapering, flanking left side of anterior lobe of digestive gland, then in region of kidney gradually turning right and anterior, running almost straight forward in pallial cavity (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C07E04C16CC1A20C75607AB" box="[244,324,888,912]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). Rectum and anus described above (pallial cavity) (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C07E04C17071AC0C781078B" box="[319,403,920,944]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Figs. 15</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C07E04C16661A80C23F058B" blockId="7.[94,643,984,1872]" lastBlockId="7.[680,1229,184,432]" pageId="7">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C07E04C16661A80C74A07CB" box="[94,344,984,1008]" italics="true" pageId="7">
Genital system (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C07E04C16C61A80C75807CB" box="[254,330,984,1008]" captionStart="FIGURES 18‑24" captionStartId="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" captionTargetBox="[137,1256,440,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-119@6.[132,1266,428,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18‑24: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 18) buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 19) same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 20) same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 21) same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 22) genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 23) detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 24) nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
gonad described above (visceral mass). Hermaphroditic duct (hd) narrow and weakly coiled; running for ~1/2 whorl close to columella. Seminal receptacle (sr) elongated, sac-like, with ~5 times hermaphroditic duct width, and ~1/3 its length. Fertilization complex (fc) as a zigzag, thick muscular, iridescent walled, located as continuation of hermaphroditic duct and duct of seminal receptacle, about as wide as receptacle; length, if straightened, ~twice receptacle length. Fertilization complex gradually becoming immersed in albumen gland, inserting in posterior end of spermoviduct, just in region of albumen gland duct (ad); all of them with similar width. Albumen gland (ag) solid, white, elliptical, ~3 times larger than gonad (about 1/4 whorl). Albumen gland duct subterminal, connected to distal end of spermoviduct (ad). Spermoviduct as single curve, of about 1 whorl in length and about as wide as albumen gland. Prostate gland occupying ~1/8 of spermoviduct volume (pt). Uterus occupying about 80% of spermoviduct space, external walls thick-glandular (ut), inner surface smooth, fulfilled by large quantity of iridescent granules. Vas deferens initiating preceding anterior 1/6 of spermoviduct (vd), ~1/5 of anterior spermoviduct width, weakly coiled. Vagina with about 1/6 spermoviduct length, inner surface simple, with 4-5 longitudinal, low folds (vg). Bursa copulatrix wanting. Penis of ~1/5 spermoviduct length, and about 2/3 its anterior width (pe), with penis muscle inserting subterminally. Penial (epiphalic) gland distal, spherical, of about 1/5 penis width and 1/1o penis length (ep); internally solid, no duct detectable (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C07E04C14D81860C53C056B" box="[736,814,312,336]" captionStart="FIGURES 18‑24" captionStartId="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" captionTargetBox="[137,1256,440,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-119@6.[132,1266,428,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18‑24: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 18) buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 19) same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 20) same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 21) same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 22) genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 23) detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 24) nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
). Internal penial surface simple, smooth (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C07E04C14881800C4EE054B" box="[688,764,344,368]" captionStart="FIGURES 18‑24" captionStartId="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" captionTargetBox="[137,1256,440,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-119@6.[132,1266,428,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18‑24: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 18) buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 19) same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 20) same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 21) same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 22) genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 23) detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 24) nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
), insertion of vas deferens prceded by region running immersed in penis wall along /1/5 of penis length. Genital pore rounded, simple.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C07E04C14901880C4E0018B" blockId="7.[680,1229,472,1456]" pageId="7">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C07E04C14901880C21305CB" box="[680,1025,472,496]" italics="true" pageId="7">
Central nervous system (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C07E04C159C1880C5E105CB" box="[932,1011,472,496]" captionStart="FIGURES 18‑24" captionStartId="6.[132,222,1749,1768]" captionTargetBox="[137,1256,440,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-119@6.[132,1266,428,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18‑24: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 18) buccal mass, opened longitudinally on median line in its dorsal wall, dorsal view; 19) same, right view, outer muscular layer removed; 20) same, inner-dorsal layer of muscles sectioned longitudinally and deflected, dorsal view, left m5 only partially shown; 21) same, radular sac and adjacent structures partially removed and deflected to right; 22) genital system, ventral view, base of fertilization complex seen if albumen gland was translucent; 23) detail of penis, sectioned longitudinally, dorsal view; 24) nerve ring, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152691/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
located at base of buccal mass (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C07E04C150318A0C5D0062B" box="[827,962,504,528]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Figs. 12, 16</figureCitation>
). Paired cerebral ganglia (ce) elliptical, about twice as long as wide; cerebral commissure short, with about half width and length of each ganglion. Each cerebral ganglion of about 1/4 width of local oral tube. Pair of optical ganglia slightly smaller than cerebral ganglia, located close to these, connected to antero-median side. Tentacular nerves connected more internally than connection of optical ganglia. Pair of pedal-pleural ganglia (pp) forming single mass located opposite cerebral ganglia, and of about the same size as cerebral ganglia. No differentiable ganglion detectable. Several pairs of nerves originate from these ganglia towards anterior. Pair of cerebro-pedal and cerebro-pleural connectives (cn) similar-sized, about as long as cerebral ganglia. Pair of possible odontophore ganglia (of) fused with each other, located a distance equivalent to nerve ring length away from pedal ganglia, connected with them by pair of connectives, inserted in median-ventral side of each ganglion. Pair of buccal ganglia located in antero-dorsal region of buccal mass, close to esophageal origin and salivary insertion (
<figureCitation id="13532A705C07E04C122B1DC0C284008B" box="[1043,1174,1176,1200]" captionStart="FIGURES 12‑17" captionStartId="5.[95,185,1800,1819]" captionTargetBox="[97,1225,173,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[94,1228,170,1764]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12‑17: Huttonella bicolor anatomy: 12) foregut and peribuccal region, dorsal-slightly right view; 13) whole specimen just extracted from shell, right view; 14) same, ventral view; 15) pulmonary-pallial cavity, ventral-inner view; 16) digestive tubes as in situ and some adjacent structures, dorsal-slightly right view; 17) buccal mass isolated, right view. Scales = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13152689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13152689/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Figs. 12, 17</figureCitation>
: bg); each ganglion spherical, of about 1/3 cerebral ganglion size. Pair of statocysts located in ventral region of pedal ganglia, close to median line (sy), containing statoconia. Visceral ganglion located in posterior level of columellar muscle, with ~1/2 size of cerebral ganglion; connective with nerve ring running towards anterior ~1/3 whorl, passing just between penis and vagina.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C07E04C14901C81C5C0022B" blockId="7.[680,1228,1496,1552]" pageId="7">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C07E04C14901C81C58401D4" box="[680,918,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="7">Measurements (in mm):</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED79AE305C07E04C15A61C80C5F101CB" box="[926,995,1496,1520]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
98761(1): 6.1 by 1.9; 
<collectionCode id="ED79AE305C07E04C14901CA0C4FF022B" box="[680,749,1528,1552]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
99734(1): 6.0 by 1.8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C07E04C14901F60C57D02EB" blockId="7.[680,1229,1592,1744]" pageId="7">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C07E04C14901F60C538026B" box="[680,810,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="7">Distribution:</emphasis>
Described from 
<collectingCountry id="F37F76655C07E04C15EF1F60C202026B" box="[983,1040,1592,1616]" name="India" pageId="7">India</collectingCountry>
, but possibly originated from Africa or SW Asia. Presently introduced in Tropical and Temperate regions all over the world (see Introduction). In 
<collectingCountry id="F37F76655C07E04C15A91FC0C5DE028B" box="[913,972,1688,1712]" name="Brazil" pageId="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
so far known from 
<collectingRegion id="49ACF8175C07E04C12A61FC0C2DE028B" box="[1182,1228,1688,1712]" country="Brazil" name="Acre" pageId="7">Acre</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="49ACF8175C07E04C14ED1FE0C57E02EB" box="[725,876,1720,1744]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C07E04C14901FA0C29D036B" blockId="7.[680,1229,1784,1872]" pageId="7">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C07E04C14901FA0C4EC032B" box="[680,766,1784,1808]" italics="true" pageId="7">Habitat:</emphasis>
Normally in cultivated plains on the ground among fallen leaves, decaying wood, preferably in damp places (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C07E04C150D1E60C5D1036B" author="JUTTING, W. S. S. V." box="[821,963,1848,1872]" pageId="7" pagination="5 - 33" refId="ref8088" refString="JUTTING, W. S. S. V. 1961. The Malayan Streptaxidae: genera Huttonella and Sinoennea. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 26: 5 - 33." type="book chapter" year="1961">Jutting, 1961</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B045C07E04C15F51E60C296036B" author="VERMEULEN, J. J." box="[973,1156,1848,1872]" pageId="7" pagination="169 - 176" refId="ref9608" refString="VERMEULEN, J. J. 2007. Notes on the non-marine molluscs of Borneo 10. The genera Bruggennea, Gulella and Sinoennea (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Streptaxidae). Basteria, 71: 169 - 176." type="journal article" year="2007">Vermeulen, 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F55C08E04316BC19E0C764054B" blockId="8.[132,680,184,368]" pageId="8">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE75C08E04316BC19E0C75404EB" box="[132,326,184,208]" italics="true" pageId="8">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B003CA85C08E043177519E0C6C3052B" collectorName="Edson Guilherme" country="Brazil" location="Zoobotanic Park of Universidade Federal" pageId="8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Acre">
<collectingCountry id="F37F76655C08E043177519E0C7BE04EB" box="[333,428,184,208]" name="Brazil" pageId="8">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="49ACF8175C08E043178D19E0C7F104EB" box="[437,483,184,208]" country="Brazil" name="Acre" pageId="8">Acre</collectingRegion>
(
<collectorName id="269D53235C08E04317C819E0C4BA04EB" box="[496,680,184,208]" pageId="8">Edson Guilherme</collectorName>
col, 2011); 
<location id="8EB7602E5C08E043173F1980C6BB052B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187E35C01E04315381A8FC764054B:8EB7602E5C08E043173F1980C6BB052B" country="Brazil" name="Zoobotanic Park of Universidade Federal" pageId="8" stateProvince="Acre">Zoobotanic Park of Universidade Federal</location>
do
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B003CA85C08E04316E519A0C760054B" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" latitude="-9.525333" location="Acre" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-69.92628" pageId="8" specimenCode="MZSP 98763, MZSP 98760" specimenCount="7" stateProvince="Acre">
<collectingRegion id="49ACF8175C08E04316E519A0C71C052B" box="[221,270,248,272]" country="Brazil" name="Acre" pageId="8">Acre</collectingRegion>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50325C08E043172719A0C7B9052B" box="[287,427,248,272]" degrees="09" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" precision="1" seconds="20.5" value="-9.955694">09°57’20.5”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50325C08E043178419A0C441052B" box="[444,595,248,272]" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" precision="1" seconds="30.2" value="-67.87506">67°52’30.2”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBCE9E8E5C08E043145B19A0C6DB050B" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" type="Museum">MZSP 98763</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD7C5C08E04316EE1840C741050B" box="[214,339,280,304]" count="3" pageId="8" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
(sta. IA448); Stare Park Chandless, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50325C08E04316801860C757056B" box="[184,325,312,336]" degrees="09" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" precision="1" seconds="31.2" value="-9.525333">09°31’31.2”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50325C08E043176B1860C7FB056B" box="[339,489,312,336]" degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" precision="1" seconds="34.6" value="-69.92628">69°55’34.6”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBCE9E8E5C08E04317C01860C49E056B" box="[504,652,312,336]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" type="Museum">MZSP 98760</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD7C5C08E04314A31860C6FE054B" count="4" pageId="8" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
(sta. IA468)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>