356 lines
42 KiB
XML
356 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="4CCA5C77B4C8270728005B712C558A26" ID-CLB-Dataset="31902" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4329.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7e33ec7d-211b-4042-8d07-344364ee805d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1001915" ID-ZooBank="8226E27D-E3A9-481A-B51B-558643Bbb03A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1507106636447" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tarasov, Sergei" docDate="2017" docId="03C187E1AE56B63DDD9E41A4FEF1004C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4329.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4329 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parachorius Harold 1873" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="114" masterDocId="FFF8FF99AE5DB630DD09474FFFDB0270" masterDocTitle="A cybertaxonomic revision of the new dung beetle tribe Parachoriini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) and its phylogenetic assessment using molecular and morphological data" masterLastPageNumber="149" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="112" updateTime="1698469310636" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="35A890F3A968F5771C541910EC45B2CE">A cybertaxonomic revision of the new dung beetle tribe Parachoriini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) and its phylogenetic assessment using molecular and morphological data</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="BEEB7E2994A0FB18AB246BAA8FD96C04">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2FE84F2AFAF8B0687BEC4FA7B4CF6E9D">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0BD01F0F5343F92DB4926E55AE593D7C">2017-10-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C34CC6D901564E701DC042835D293A33">4329</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C187E1AE56B63DDD9E41A4FEF1004C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6010800" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135106115" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6010800" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187E1AE56B63DDD9E41A4FEF1004C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187E1AE56B63DDD9E41A4FEF1004C" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<subSubSection id="C372657CAE56B63BDD9E41A4FD600575" box="[151,699,1771,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE56B63BDD9E41A4FD600575" blockId="11.[151,699,1771,1797]" box="[151,699,1771,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<heading id="D09F819BAE56B63BDD9E41A4FD600575" bold="true" box="[151,699,1771,1797]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE56B63BDD9E41A4FD600575" bold="true" box="[151,699,1771,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE56B63BDDE741A4FDF50575" ID-CoL="63J2L" authority="Harold, 1873" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1873" box="[238,558,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE56B63BDDE741A4FE5F0575" bold="true" box="[238,388,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Parachorius</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B06AE56B63BDC8241A4FDF50575" author="Harold" box="[395,558,1771,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Harold, E. (1873) Diagnosen neuer Coprophagen. Coleopterologische Hefte, 11, 102 - 105." type="journal article" year="1873">Harold, 1873</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE56B63BDF3D41A4FD600575" bold="true" box="[564,699,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">sensu novo</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C372657CAE56B63BDD9E407DFB7C05F5" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE56B63BDD9E407DFC380538" blockId="11.[151,1191,1842,1925]" box="[151,995,1842,1864]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7811D9AE56B63BDD9E407DFC380538" box="[151,995,1842,1864]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE56B63BDD9E407DFE0E0538" ID-CoL="63J2L" authority="Harold, 1873: 103" authorityName="Harold" authorityPageNumber="103" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,469,1842,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE56B63BDD9E407DFECD0538" box="[151,278,1842,1864]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Parachorius</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E6AE56B63BDC15407DFE0E0538" author="Harold" box="[284,469,1842,1864]" page="103" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" year="1873">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B06AE56B63BDC15407DFE7E0538" author="Harold" box="[284,421,1842,1864]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Harold, E. (1873) Diagnosen neuer Coprophagen. Coleopterologische Hefte, 11, 102 - 105." type="journal article" year="1873">Harold, 1873</bibRefCitation>
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: 103
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(type species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE56B63BDF64407DFC070538" ID-CoL="4CPV4" authority="Harold, 1873" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1873" box="[621,988,1842,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomsoni">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE56B63BDF64407DFC940538" box="[621,847,1842,1864]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Parachorius thomsoni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B06AE56B63BDE5C407DFC070538" author="Harold" box="[853,988,1842,1864]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Harold, E. (1873) Diagnosen neuer Coprophagen. Coleopterologische Hefte, 11, 102 - 105." type="journal article" year="1873">Harold, 1873</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE56B63BDD9E401FFBDF0516" blockId="11.[151,1191,1842,1925]" box="[151,1028,1872,1894]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7811D9AE56B63BDD9E401FFBDF0516" box="[151,1028,1872,1894]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE56B63BDD9E401FFE420516" ID-CoL="3J59" authority="Sharp, 1875: 40" authorityName="Sharp" authorityPageNumber="40" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,409,1872,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cassolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE56B63BDD9E401FFF280516" box="[151,243,1872,1894]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Cassolus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E6AE56B63BDDF0401FFE420516" author="Sharp" box="[249,409,1872,1894]" page="40" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" year="1875">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B06AE56B63BDDF0401FFEAD0516" author="Sharp" box="[249,374,1872,1894]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Sharp, D. (1875) Descriptions of some new species of Scarabaeidae from Tropical Asia and Malasia. Part I. Coleopterologische Hefte, 13, 33 - 54." type="journal article" year="1875">Sharp, 1875</bibRefCitation>
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: 40
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(type species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE56B63BDF38401FFC880516" ID-CoL="RNHW" authority="Sharp, 1875" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1875" box="[561,851,1872,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cassolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE56B63BDF38401FFD140516" box="[561,719,1872,1894]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Cassolus nudus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B06AE56B63BDFDC401FFC880516" author="Sharp" box="[725,851,1872,1894]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Sharp, D. (1875) Descriptions of some new species of Scarabaeidae from Tropical Asia and Malasia. Part I. Coleopterologische Hefte, 13, 33 - 54." type="journal article" year="1875">Sharp, 1875</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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),
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE56B63BDE6D401EFBDF0516" bold="true" box="[868,1028,1873,1894]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">new synonymy</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE56B63BDD9E4020FB7C05F5" blockId="11.[151,1191,1842,1925]" box="[151,1191,1903,1925]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7811D9AE56B63BDD9E4020FB7C05F5" box="[151,1191,1903,1925]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE56B63BDD9E4020FE2105F5" ID-CoL="4W98" authority="Paulian, 1935: 115" authorityName="Paulian" authorityPageNumber="115" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,506,1903,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Heteroateuchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE56B63BDD9E4020FEED05F5" box="[151,310,1903,1925]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Heteroateuchus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E6AE56B63BDC354020FE2105F5" author="Paulian" box="[316,506,1903,1925]" page="115" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" year="1935">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B06AE56B63BDC354020FE1005F5" author="Paulian" box="[316,459,1903,1925]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Paulian, R. (1935) Essai sur les Canthonides de la region australienne. II. Especes de la sous-region australienne (suite). III. Les especes des sous-regions neo-zelandaise et neo-caledonienne. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 40, 114 - 125." type="journal article" year="1935">Paulian, 1935</bibRefCitation>
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: 115
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(type species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE56B63BDF9A4020FBE305F5" authority="Paulian, 1935" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1935" box="[659,1080,1903,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Heteroateuchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oberthueri">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE56B63BDF9A4020FC7805F5" box="[659,931,1903,1925]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Heteroateuchus oberthueri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B06AE56B63BDEA04020FBE305F5" author="Paulian" box="[937,1080,1903,1925]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refString="Paulian, R. (1935) Essai sur les Canthonides de la region australienne. II. Especes de la sous-region australienne (suite). III. Les especes des sous-regions neo-zelandaise et neo-caledonienne. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 40, 114 - 125." type="journal article" year="1935">Paulian, 1935</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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), synonym
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C372657CAE56B63BDD9E40FDFB63059E" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE56B63BDD9E40FDFB63059E" blockId="11.[151,1436,1970,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE56B63BDD9E40FDFEF205BB" bold="true" box="[151,297,1970,1995]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Description.</emphasis>
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Since
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE56B63BDC7D40FDFDDB05BB" box="[372,512,1970,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE56B63BDC7D40FDFDDB05BB" box="[372,512,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Parachorius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the only genus of the tribe Parachoriini, the description of the genus is the same as given for Parachoriini. In addition, I provide some relevant comparative information below.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C372657CAE51B63CDDCE47D8FDBC0315" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE51B63CDDCE47D8FD7B02C0" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,824]" box="[199,672,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CDDCE47D8FE9A02C0" bold="true" box="[199,321,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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See diagnosis for Parachoriini.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE51B63CDDCE47F3FDBC0315" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CDDCE47F3FE6402A5" bold="true" box="[199,447,188,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
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Males are separated from females in most species by some sexually dimorphic characters. Namely, in comparison to females, males of some species may have (1) protibia with modified apical spur and/or modified first anterior tooth, (2) profemur anterior margin produced in angle, (3) angulate lateral margin and/or frontal angles of pronotum, (4) dilated metafemur posterior margin, and (5) curved and/or denticulate posterior margin of metatibia.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C372657CAE51B63DDDCE4620FE970288" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE51B63CDDCE4620FC730148" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CDDCE4620FDA603F8" bold="true" box="[199,637,367,392]" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">Morphology of endophallic sclerites.</emphasis>
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The morphology of endophallic sclerites in
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CD97F4620FAD903F8" box="[1142,1282,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CD97F4620FAD903F8" box="[1142,1282,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">Parachorius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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varies across species. Three morphological ground plans of sclerites can be distinguished: (1) most of the endophallic sac lack sclerites, axial and SA sclerites simple, FLP absent, SRP small, LC absent (
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDEE346F6FB8203A0" authorityName="Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Boucomont" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1002,1113,441,464]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CDEE346F6FB8203A0" box="[1002,1113,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">P. javanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CD99D46F6FA8E03A0" authorityName="S. Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[1172,1365,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudojavanus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CD99D46F6FA8E03A0" box="[1172,1365,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">P. pseudojavanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<figureCitation id="13532A72AE51B63CD86746F8FF600384" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1607,1629]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,833,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,833,1585]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Morphological elements of Parachorius. (A – C) Endophallic sclerites; aedeagus icon in blue circle indicates position of aedeagus in relation to endophallic sclerite. (D – G) Head in dorsal view. (A, D) Parachorius longipenis. (B) Parachorius fungorum. (C, G) Parachorius pseudojavanus. (E) Parachorius gotoi. (F) Parachorius globosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1001923/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
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); (2) inferior portion of axial sclerite with long fork-like process (LFP), axial sclerites enlarged inferiorly with moderately short filiform process extending superiorly that reaches only FLP, inferior portion of axial sclerite with LFP, SA small (
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<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CDC41456AFED10010" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDC41456AFE12004D" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1931" box="[328,457,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosus">P. globosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDCDA456AFD85004C" authorityName="Kryzhanovsky & Medvedev" authorityYear="1966" box="[467,606,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fungorum">P. fungorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDF61456AFD36004D" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1873" box="[616,749,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomsoni">P. thomsoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDFFE456AFCB1004D" authorityName="Arrow M. E. Bacchus" authorityYear="1931" box="[759,874,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hookeri">P. hookeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDE7C456AFBC9004C" box="[885,1042,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maruyamai">P. maruyamai</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CD914456AFB11004D" authorityName="Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[1053,1226,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newthayerae">P. newthayerae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CD9DD456AFA43004D" authorityName="S. Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[1236,1432,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudojavanus">P. pseudojavanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDD9E4506FED10010" authorityName="Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Boucomont" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[151,266,585,608]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanus">P. javanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDC4B4506FE180010" authorityName="S. Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[322,451,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schuelkei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CDC4B4506FE180010" box="[322,451,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">P. schuelkei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A72AE51B63CDCE94508FDE20010" box="[480,569,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1607,1629]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,833,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,833,1585]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Morphological elements of Parachorius. (A – C) Endophallic sclerites; aedeagus icon in blue circle indicates position of aedeagus in relation to endophallic sclerite. (D – G) Head in dorsal view. (A, D) Parachorius longipenis. (B) Parachorius fungorum. (C, G) Parachorius pseudojavanus. (E) Parachorius gotoi. (F) Parachorius globosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1001923/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
); and (3) inferior portion of axial sclerite with long fork-like process (LFP), axial sclerites enlarged inferiorly with long filiform process extending superiorly that reaches LC, inferior portion of axial sclerite with LFP, SA small (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CDF3C45DEFA9100D8" box="[565,1354,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDF3C45DEFD1200D8" authorityName="S. Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[565,713,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipenis">P. longipenis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDFDD45DEFC5500D8" authorityName="Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[724,910,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solodovnikovi">P. solodovnikovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDE9145DEFC2100D8" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1875" box="[920,1018,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cassolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudus">P. nudus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CD90C45DEFB7600D8" authorityName="Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Arrow" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[1029,1197,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peninsularis">P. peninsularis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CD9B145DEFA9100D8" authorityName="S. Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[1208,1354,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolavensis">P. bolavensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CD88E45DEFF2200BD" authorityName="Balthasar S. Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Balthasar" baseAuthorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fukiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CD88E45DEFF2200BD" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">P. fukiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A72AE51B63CDC1C45FBFEAF00BC" box="[277,372,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1607,1629]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,833,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,833,1585]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Morphological elements of Parachorius. (A – C) Endophallic sclerites; aedeagus icon in blue circle indicates position of aedeagus in relation to endophallic sclerite. (D – G) Head in dorsal view. (A, D) Parachorius longipenis. (B) Parachorius fungorum. (C, G) Parachorius pseudojavanus. (E) Parachorius gotoi. (F) Parachorius globosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1001923/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The endophallic sclerites of three species fall outside of the provided ground plans. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CD88E45FAFEF70080" authorityName="Tarasov & Keith" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semsanganus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CD88E45FAFEF70080" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">P. semsanganus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the structure of endophallic sclerites resembles a transitional state between ground plan 2 and 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CD8634597FEDC0165" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="humeralis">
|
||
In
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CD88E4596FEDC0165" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">P. humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDC3545B2FE2A0164" authorityName="S. Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[316,497,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asymmetricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CDC3545B2FE2A0164" box="[316,497,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">P. asymmetricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the FLP sclerite is absent and the endophallic sclerites are similar to those in ground plan 3. The diversity of aedeagal parameres shapes is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A72AE51B63CDE564450FC780148" box="[863,931,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,892,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,877,1870]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Diversity of aedeagal parameres in Parachorius. (A) Parachorius fungorum. (B) Parachorius hookeri. (C) Parachorius schuelkei. (D) Parachorius thomsoni. (E) Parachorius globosus. (F) Parachorius newthayerae. (G) Parachorius bolavensis. (H) Parachorius fukiensis. (I) Parachorius nudus. (J) Parachorius peninsularis. (K) Parachorius pseudojavanus. (L) Parachorius javanus. (M) Parachorius solodovnikovi. (N) Parachorius longipenis. (O) Parachorius humeralis. (P) Parachorius semsanganus. (Q) Parachorius gotoi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1001925/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF17667FAE51B63CDD9E402CFD420584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1001925/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" targetBox="[162,1421,892,1854]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE51B63CDD9E402CFD420584" blockId="12.[151,1437,1891,2036]" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CDD9E402CFEC30508" bold="true" box="[151,280,1891,1913]" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Diversity of aedeagal parameres in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDFAC402CFCF80509" box="[677,803,1891,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CDFAC402CFCF80509" box="[677,803,1891,1913]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">Parachorius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CDE6D402CFB820509" box="[868,1113,1891,1913]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDE6D402CFB8E0509" authorityName="Kryzhanovsky & Medvedev" authorityYear="1966" box="[868,1109,1891,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fungorum">Parachorius fungorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(B)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CD999402CFAB40509" box="[1168,1391,1891,1913]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CD999402CFAB00509" authorityName="Arrow M. E. Bacchus" authorityYear="1931" box="[1168,1387,1891,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hookeri">Parachorius hookeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(C)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CDD9E40CDFE5905E8" box="[151,386,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDD9E40CDFEA505E8" authorityName="S. Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,382,1922,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schuelkei">Parachorius schuelkei</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(D)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CDCBA40CDFD4605E8" box="[435,669,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDCBA40CDFD4205E8" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1873" box="[435,665,1922,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomsoni">Parachorius thomsoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(E)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CDFC240CDFC6905E8" box="[715,946,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDFC240CDFC7605E8" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1931" box="[715,941,1922,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosus">Parachorius globosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CDED740CDFB3705E8" box="[990,1260,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDED740CDFB3305E8" authorityName="Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[990,1256,1922,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newthayerae">Parachorius newthayerae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(G)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CD81440CDFED205C6" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CD81440CDFEDE05C6" authorityName="S. Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolavensis">Parachorius bolavensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(H)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CDC3240EFFDFA05C6" box="[315,545,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDC3240EFFDC605C6" authorityName="Balthasar S. Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Balthasar" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[315,541,1952,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fukiensis">Parachorius fukiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(I)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CDF4040EFFCC805C6" box="[585,787,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDF4040EFFCD405C6" baseAuthorityName="Balthasar" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[585,783,1952,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudus">Parachorius nudus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(J)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CDE3540EFFB9C05C6" box="[828,1095,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDE3540EFFB9F05C6" authorityName="Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Arrow" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[828,1092,1952,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peninsularis">Parachorius peninsularis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(K)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CD97040EFFA4605C6" box="[1145,1437,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CD97040EFFA4205C6" authorityName="S. Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[1145,1433,1952,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudojavanus">Parachorius pseudojavanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(L)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CDDCD40F0FE7D05A5" box="[196,422,1983,2005]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDDCD40F0FE7A05A5" authorityName="Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Boucomont" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[196,417,1983,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanus">Parachorius javanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(M)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CDCEF40F0FCDE05A5" box="[486,773,1983,2005]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDCEF40F0FCDA05A5" authorityName="Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[486,769,1983,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solodovnikovi">Parachorius solodovnikovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(N)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CDE4840F0FBE605A5" box="[833,1085,1983,2005]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDE4840F0FBE205A5" authorityName="S. Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[833,1081,1983,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipenis">Parachorius longipenis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(O)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CD97040F0FAAA05A5" box="[1145,1393,1983,2005]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CD97040F0FAB505A5" authorityName="Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Arrow" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[1145,1390,1983,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">Parachorius humeralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(P)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE51B63CDD9E4091FE710584" box="[151,426,2014,2036]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDD9E4091FE7D0584" authorityName="Tarasov & Keith" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,422,2014,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semsanganus">Parachorius semsanganus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Q)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE51B63CDCD14091FD4F0584" authorityName="Tarasov" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Masumoto" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[472,660,2014,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gotoi">Parachorius gotoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE50B63DDDCE47D8FE970288" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE50B63DDDCE47D8FE7A02C0" bold="true" box="[199,417,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Taxonomical note.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE50B63DDF2D47D8FD5202C0" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1875" box="[548,649,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cassolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE50B63DDF2D47D8FD5202C0" box="[548,649,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Cassolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE50B63DDE8947D8FBD702C0" box="[896,1036,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE50B63DDE8947D8FBD702C0" box="[896,1036,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Parachorius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the result of phylogenetic analyses. Currently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE50B63DDC7547F3FDD302A5" box="[380,520,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE50B63DDC7547F3FDD302A5" box="[380,520,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Parachorius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes 19 species. A key to species and the descriptions of the new species are provided below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C372657CAE50B63DDDCE464BFEB403DC" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE50B63DDDCE464BFEB403DC" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE50B63DDDCE464BFEF0036D" bold="true" box="[199,299,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE50B63DDC31464BFE1F036D" box="[312,452,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE50B63DDC31464BFE1F036D" box="[312,452,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Parachorius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are quite rare in collections. In this study, I examined approximately 200 specimens, the majority of which came from recent collecting in Indochina. Their rare occurrence in collections is mainly due to their non-coprophagous feeding habits,
|
||
<collectingMethod id="52294EE0AE50B63DDFFB4603FAE80314" box="[754,1331,332,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">which prevents massive collecting using dung traps</collectingMethod>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingMethod id="52294EE0AE50B63DD8344603FA9A03F7" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">The vast majority of the specimens with known ecological data were collected in forest using flight intercept traps</collectingMethod>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod id="52294EE0AE50B63DD8444620FF0B03DC" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">carrion traps</collectingMethod>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod id="52294EE0AE50B63DDDD246DAFEB003DC" box="[219,363,404,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">or fruit traps</collectingMethod>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C372657CAE50B63DDDCE46F8FEF1004C" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE50B63DDDCE46F8FEF1004C" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE50B63DDDCE46F8FEBB03A0" bold="true" box="[199,352,439,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus is widespread in the Oriental and southeastern Palaearctic Regions, from Indian subcontinent in the west through
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7667AE50B63DDF194692FDA40385" box="[528,639,477,501]" name="Myanmar" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Indochina, and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7667AE50B63DDEAB4693FC3E0385" box="[930,997,476,501]" name="China" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7667AE50B63DD9024693FB860385" box="[1035,1117,476,501]" name="Taiwan" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the east. It also occurs in Sundaland, namely Malay Peninsula,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF815AE50B63DDF4C454FFD7E0068" box="[581,677,512,536]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF815AE50B63DDFED454FFCC10067" box="[740,794,512,535]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Java</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7667AE50B63DDE5346B0FC030068" box="[858,984,511,536]" name="Philippines" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Borneo lack any known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE50B63DDD9E456BFEF8004D" box="[151,291,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE50B63DDD9E456BFEF8004D" box="[151,291,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Parachorius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |