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<document id="891E0AFFBF85D0208BB739A37AD91DB8" ID-CLB-Dataset="32358" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4309.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f5a96f72-1549-41e7-9cf7-f282c66d73b6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="846180" ID-ZooBank="C5C20BC9-B99C-47D0-970E-07E20D13CF72" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1503303065342" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fasbender, Andrew &amp; Courtney, Gregory W." docDate="2017" docId="03C18797437CC717FF33FF11FA5D0434" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4309.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4309 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Bittacomorphinae Alexander 1920" docType="key" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFF8FFEF4369C702FFA4FF89FFC10262" masterDocTitle="A revision of Bittacomorphinae with a review of the monophyly of extant subfamilies of Ptychopteridae (Diptera)" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1698466984790" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0251EC76C2818A09F52861994CA2FF1A">A revision of Bittacomorphinae with a review of the monophyly of extant subfamilies of Ptychopteridae (Diptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7170FDB2E9F89C2D37B098A9F9796FE0">Fasbender, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C36CF02C05284A1C53581C5253099165">Courtney, Gregory W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="ABE3968D56B2F7C2604E169A2993231D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="85C781A7774C9AFEC491CBF4E60C99DC">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="823FF6A1E4AED04DC23370CB675086B4">4309</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="DA8A126DA2BAA71F449BFDE1EAEB2F10" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4309.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C18797437CC717FF33FF11FA5D0434" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6027714" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132786170" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6027714" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18797437CC717FF33FF11FA5D0434" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C18797437CC717FF33FF11FA5D0434" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<subSubSection id="C372650A437CC717FF33FF11FD3E0379" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FF11FD1202D0" blockId="21.[151,723,152,178]" box="[151,723,152,178]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D09F81ED437CC717FF33FF11FD1202D0" bold="true" box="[151,723,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93437CC717FF33FF11FD1202D0" bold="true" box="[151,723,152,178]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Key to the extant species of
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02437CC717FE55FF11FD1202D0" ID-CoL="87CDP" ID-ENA="79306" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1920" box="[497,723,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bittacomorphinae">Bittacomorphinae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FF57FF260295" blockId="21.[151,767,222,283]" box="[151,231,222,247]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D09F81ED437CC717FF33FF57FF260295" bold="true" box="[151,231,222,247]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93437CC717FF33FF57FF260295" bold="true" box="[151,231,222,247]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Adults</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FE8BFD3E0379" blockId="21.[151,767,222,283]" box="[151,767,258,283]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
This key was modified from that of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B70437CC717FD8EFE8AFD3A0379" box="[554,763,258,283]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Kang, Z., Wang, J. &amp; Yang, D. (2012) Species of Bittacomorphella Alexander from China with descriptions of two new species (Diptera: Ptychopteridae). Zootaxa, 3557, 31 - 39." type="journal article">
Kang
<emphasis id="B91CEA93437CC717FDCAFE8DFD670379" box="[622,678,258,283]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C372650A437CC717FF33FEC3FA5D0434" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="key">
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<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FEC3FA5D031E" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead id="309995B4437CC717FF33FEC3FA5D031E" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
1. All legs with first tarsomere conspicuously expanded. Wing membrane without without macrotrichia. Antenna with 19–20 flagellomeres.................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02437CC717FBD3FEEEFAB0031E" ID-CoL="62FPP" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" box="[1143,1393,359,380]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93437CC717FBD3FEEEFAC6031E" box="[1143,1287,359,380]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bittacomorpha</emphasis>
Westwood
</taxonomicName>
... 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FE0CFA5D03D5" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead id="309995B4437CC717FF33FE0CFA5D03D5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
- All legs with first tarsomere not expanded. Wing membrane with or without macrotrichia. Antenna with 18–21 flagellomeres...........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02437CC717FBF9FE2BFAB303D5" ID-CoL="62FPQ" authority="Alexander" authorityName="Alexander. Alexander" authorityYear="1916" box="[1117,1394,418,439]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93437CC717FBF9FE2BFAC903D5" box="[1117,1288,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bittacomorphella</emphasis>
Alexander
</taxonomicName>
... 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309C2E24437CC717FF33FE36FA5C0005" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FE36FA5D006D" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead id="309995B4437CC717FF33FE36FA5D006D" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
2. Scutum dull black with silver-grey pollinosity laterally, prescutum with white stripe along medial suture. Cell m1 about onethird the length of cell r5 (
<figureCitation id="13532A04437CC717FE45FE54FDDD0390" box="[481,540,477,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bittacomorphine male wings. a. Bittacomorpha clavipes; b. Bi. occidentalis; c. Bittacomorphella pacifica Alexander; d. Bl. sackenii Von Röder; e. Bl. furcata sp. nov.; f. Bl. esakii Tokunaga; g. Bl. fenderiana; h. Bl. jonesi Johnson; i. Bl. nipponensis Alexander; d. Bittacomorphella thaiensis Alexander. All scale bars 1 mm except “ b ” (2 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846194/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
a). Male genitalia with apex of paramere weakly furcate (
<figureCitation id="13532A04437CC717FBE3FE54FB430390" box="[1095,1154,477,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[187,1402,359,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[163,1424,342,1910]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 9. Bittacomorpha clavipes. a. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view e. Aedeagus, lateral view; f. Paramere, lateral view; g. Female genitalia, lateral view; h. Hypogynium, ventral view; i. Epigynium, dorsal view. All scale bars 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846198/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
f). Widespread east of Rocky Mountains................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02437CC717FBFCFE73FA5D006D" ID-CoL="LXQ4" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1781" box="[1112,1436,506,527]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipes">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93437CC717FBFCFE73FAFD006D" box="[1112,1340,506,527]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bittacomorpha clavipes</emphasis>
Fabricius
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FD9EFA5C0005" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<materialsCitation id="3B003CDC437CC717FF33FD9EFA5C0005" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586248196" location="Coast" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Coast">
<keyLead id="309995B4437CC717FF33FD9EFA5C0005" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
- Scutum shining black; pale medial stripe absent, but patch of silver-grey tomentum present on postsutural midline. Cell m1 about one-half the length of cell r5 (
<figureCitation id="13532A04437CC717FDE3FDBCFD420028" box="[583,643,565,586]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bittacomorphine male wings. a. Bittacomorpha clavipes; b. Bi. occidentalis; c. Bittacomorphella pacifica Alexander; d. Bl. sackenii Von Röder; e. Bl. furcata sp. nov.; f. Bl. esakii Tokunaga; g. Bl. fenderiana; h. Bl. jonesi Johnson; i. Bl. nipponensis Alexander; d. Bittacomorphella thaiensis Alexander. All scale bars 1 mm except “ b ” (2 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846194/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
b). Male genitalia with apex of paramere spatulate (
<figureCitation id="13532A04437CC717FBDBFDBCFB070028" box="[1151,1222,565,586]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[210,1373,212,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[195,1392,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 10. Bittacomorpha occidentalis. a. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view e. Aedeagus, lateral view; f. Paramere, lateral view; g. Female genitalia, lateral view; h. Hypogynium, ventral view; i. Epigynium, dorsal view. All scale bars 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846200/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
f).
<collectingRegion id="49ACF863437CC717FB47FDBCFADB0028" box="[1251,1306,565,586]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Coast</collectingRegion>
and Cascade Ranges, northern Sierra
<collectingRegion id="49ACF863437CC717FE6EFDDBFDD90005" box="[458,536,594,615]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Nevada</collectingRegion>
..............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02437CC717FBE7FDDBFA5C0005" ID-CoL="LXQ5" authority="Aldrich" authorityName="Aldrich" authorityYear="1895" box="[1091,1437,594,615]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93437CC717FBE7FDDBFA8C0005" box="[1091,1357,594,615]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bittacomorpha occidentalis</emphasis>
Aldrich
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309C2E24437CC717FF33FDE6FA5A00C0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FDE6FA5A00E6" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" box="[151,1435,623,644]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead id="309995B4437CC717FF33FDE6FA5A00E6" box="[151,1435,623,644]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">3. Legs with three white bands............................................................................ 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FD04FA5A00C0" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" box="[151,1435,653,674]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead id="309995B4437CC717FF33FD04FA5A00C0" box="[151,1435,653,674]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">- Legs fewer than three white bands....................................................................... 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309C2E24437CC717FF33FD25FA5A0083" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FD25FA5400A3" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" box="[151,1429,682,705]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead id="309995B4437CC717FF33FD25FA5400A3" box="[151,1429,682,705]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
4. Legs with 4th &amp; 5th tarsomeres cream colored Japan...............................
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02437CC717FBE8FD25FA5400A3" ID-CoL="LXQ6" authority="Tokunaga" authorityName="Tokunaga" authorityYear="1938" box="[1100,1429,684,705]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esakii">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93437CC717FBE8FD25FAF300A3" box="[1100,1330,684,705]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bittacomorphella esakii</emphasis>
Tokunaga
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FD45FA5A0083" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" box="[151,1435,714,737]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead id="309995B4437CC717FF33FD45FA5A0083" box="[151,1435,714,737]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
- Legs with 4th &amp; 5th tarsomeres dark brown China..................
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02437CC717FC3CFD45FA5A0083" ID-CoL="9HVGF" authority="Kang, Wang &amp; Yang" authorityName="Kang, Wang &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2012" box="[920,1435,716,737]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhaotongensis">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93437CC717FC3CFD45FB0F0083" box="[920,1230,716,737]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bittacomorphella zhaotongensis</emphasis>
Kang, Wang &amp; Yang
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309C2E24437CC717FF33FD65FA5A015C" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FD65FA5A017C" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead id="309995B4437CC717FF33FD65FA5A017C" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
5. Legs with narrow light band on proximal apex of 1
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02437CC717FD6EFD60FCF60163" box="[714,823,745,769]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="tarsomere">st tarsomere</taxonomicName>
of foreleg................................................................................................ Taiwan and China ...
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02437CC717FB9FFC80FA5A017C" ID-CoL="8B7BH" authority="Young &amp; Fang" authorityName="Young &amp; Fang" box="[1083,1435,777,798]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lini">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93437CC717FB9FFC80FAC9017C" box="[1083,1288,777,798]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bittacomorphella lini</emphasis>
Young &amp; Fang
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FCA0FA5A015C" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" box="[151,1435,806,830]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead id="309995B4437CC717FF33FCA0FA5A015C" box="[151,1435,806,830]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
- Legs without light band on proximal apex of 1
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02437CC717FD3BFCAFFCCD015C" box="[671,780,806,830]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="tarsomere">st tarsomere</taxonomicName>
of foreleg............................................ 6
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309C2E24437CC717FF33FCCFFA5A011B" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FCCFFA5A0139" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" box="[151,1435,838,859]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead id="309995B4437CC717FF33FCCFFA5A0139" box="[151,1435,838,859]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">6. Legs with two white bands............................................................................. 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FCEDFA5A011B" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" box="[151,1435,868,889]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead id="309995B4437CC717FF33FCEDFA5A011B" box="[151,1435,868,889]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">- Legs with one white band.............................................................................. 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309C2E24437CC717FF33FC08FA5A0669" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FC08FA5A01B3" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead id="309995B4437CC717FF33FC08FA5A01B3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
7. Legs with broad white band subapically on proximal portion of tibia. Male genitalia with posterior margin of epandrium platelike, posterior margin convex, epandrial claspers with basal lobe (
<figureCitation id="13532A04437CC717FCF3FC17FC5C01D1" box="[855,925,926,947]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[164,1429,213,1794]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,193,1809]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 16. Bittacomorphella jonesi. a. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view e. Aedeagus, lateral view; f. Paramere, lateral view; g. Epigynium, dorsal view, h. Female genitalia, lateral view; i. Hypogynium, ventral view. All scale bars 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846212/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
a). Eastern North America...............................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02437CC717FBC4FC35FA5A01B3" ID-CoL="LXQ8" authority="Johnson" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1905" box="[1120,1435,956,977]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jonesi">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93437CC717FBC4FC35FA8601B3" box="[1120,1351,956,977]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bittacomorphella jonesi</emphasis>
Johnson
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<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FC50FA5A0669" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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- Legs with narrow white band apically on proximal portion of tibia. Male genitalia with epandrium bilobate, posterior margin emarginate, epandrial claspers lacking basal lobe (
<figureCitation id="13532A04437CC717FD67FC7FFCC90669" box="[707,776,1014,1035]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[180,1375,208,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[180,1375,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 17. Bittacomorphella nipponensis (a – f) and Bl. thaiensis (g, h). a. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view; e. Paramere, lateral view; f. Female genitalia, lateral view; g. Female genitalia, lateral view; h. Female head. All scale bars 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846214/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
a)................................................... 8
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<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FB9DFA5A064B" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" box="[151,1435,1044,1065]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead id="309995B4437CC717FF33FB9DFA5A064B" box="[151,1435,1044,1065]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
8. Male genitalia with epandrial lobes semicircular. China...............
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02437CC717FC13FB9DFA5A064B" ID-CoL="9HW5W" authority="Kang, Wang &amp; Yang" authorityName="Kang, Wang &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2012" box="[951,1435,1044,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gongshana">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93437CC717FC13FB9DFB0F064B" box="[951,1230,1044,1065]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bittacomorphella gongshana</emphasis>
Kang, Wang &amp; Yang
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FBB8FA5C0624" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" box="[151,1437,1073,1094]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead id="309995B4437CC717FF33FBB8FA5C0624" box="[151,1437,1073,1094]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
- Male genitalia with epandrial lobes pentagonal (
<figureCitation id="13532A04437CC717FD0BFBB8FD340624" box="[687,757,1073,1094]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[180,1375,208,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[180,1375,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 17. Bittacomorphella nipponensis (a – f) and Bl. thaiensis (g, h). a. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view; e. Paramere, lateral view; f. Female genitalia, lateral view; g. Female genitalia, lateral view; h. Female head. All scale bars 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846214/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
a). Japan...............
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02437CC717FBB6FBB8FA5C0624" ID-CoL="LXQ9" authority="Alexander" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1924" box="[1042,1437,1073,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponensis">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93437CC717FBB6FBB8FAF30624" box="[1042,1330,1073,1094]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bittacomorphella nipponensis</emphasis>
Alexander
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309C2E24437CC717FF33FBC7FA5A06E3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FBC7FA5C0601" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" box="[151,1437,1102,1123]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead id="309995B4437CC717FF33FBC7FA5C0601" box="[151,1437,1102,1123]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
9. Wing without macrotrichia (
<figureCitation id="13532A04437CC717FE54FBC7FDEB0601" box="[496,554,1102,1123]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bittacomorphine male wings. a. Bittacomorpha clavipes; b. Bi. occidentalis; c. Bittacomorphella pacifica Alexander; d. Bl. sackenii Von Röder; e. Bl. furcata sp. nov.; f. Bl. esakii Tokunaga; g. Bl. fenderiana; h. Bl. jonesi Johnson; i. Bl. nipponensis Alexander; d. Bittacomorphella thaiensis Alexander. All scale bars 1 mm except “ b ” (2 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846194/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
j). Thailand................................
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02437CC717FB8BFBC7FA5C0601" ID-CoL="LXQC" authority="Alexander" authorityName="Alexander. All" authorityYear="1953" box="[1071,1437,1102,1123]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaiensis">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93437CC717FB8BFBC7FAF00601" box="[1071,1329,1102,1123]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bittacomorphella thaiensis</emphasis>
Alexander
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FBE5FA5A06E3" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" box="[151,1435,1132,1153]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead id="309995B4437CC717FF33FBE5FA5A06E3" box="[151,1435,1132,1153]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
- Wing with abundant macrotrichia (
<figureCitation id="13532A04437CC717FD94FBE5FDB306E3" box="[560,626,1132,1153]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bittacomorphine male wings. a. Bittacomorpha clavipes; b. Bi. occidentalis; c. Bittacomorphella pacifica Alexander; d. Bl. sackenii Von Röder; e. Bl. furcata sp. nov.; f. Bl. esakii Tokunaga; g. Bl. fenderiana; h. Bl. jonesi Johnson; i. Bl. nipponensis Alexander; d. Bittacomorphella thaiensis Alexander. All scale bars 1 mm except “ b ” (2 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846194/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
c–e, g).......................................................... 10
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309C2E24437CC717FF33FB00FA5A0753" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FB00FA5C0694" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<materialsCitation id="3B003CDC437CC717FF33FB00FA5C0694" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586248184" location="western North America." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Coast">
<keyLead id="309995B4437CC717FF33FB00FA5C0694" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
10. Scutum with anterior of prescutum and presutural lateral portion of scutum shining dark brown/black, posterior apex of prescutum and medial portion of scutum with yellow stripe. Male genitalia with bilobate epandrium (
<figureCitation id="13532A04437CC717FB2CFB2FFB0F06D9" box="[1160,1230,1190,1211]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[203,1379,371,1901]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[191,1396,343,1912]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 15. Bittacomorphella fenderiana. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view e. Aedeagus, lateral view; f. Paramere, lateral view; g. Paramere, dorsal view; h. Female genitalia, lateral view; i. Hypogynium, ventral view; j. Epigynium, dorsal view. All scale bars 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846210/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
a). Gonostylus with a slender basal lobe directed dorsally (
<figureCitation id="13532A04437CC717FDE4FB4DFD4506BB" box="[576,644,1220,1241]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[203,1379,371,1901]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[191,1396,343,1912]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 15. Bittacomorphella fenderiana. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view e. Aedeagus, lateral view; f. Paramere, lateral view; g. Paramere, dorsal view; h. Female genitalia, lateral view; i. Hypogynium, ventral view; j. Epigynium, dorsal view. All scale bars 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846210/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
b)
<collectingRegion id="49ACF863437CC717FD3BFB4DFD1706BB" box="[671,726,1220,1241]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Coast</collectingRegion>
and Cascade Ranges of
<location id="8EB7605A437CC717FC64FB4DFB7506BB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18797437CC717FF33FF11FA5D0434:8EB7605A437CC717FC64FB4DFB7506BB" box="[960,1204,1220,1241]" name="western North America." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Coast">western North America.</location>
........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02437CC717FBB1FB68FA5C0694" ID-CoL="LXQ7" authority="Alexander" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1947" box="[1045,1437,1249,1270]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenderiana">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93437CC717FBB1FB68FAF30694" box="[1045,1330,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bittacomorphella fenderiana</emphasis>
Alexander
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FB77FA5A0753" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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- Scutum black. Male genitalia with platelike epandrium (
<figureCitation id="13532A04437CC717FD5BFB77FC8D0771" box="[767,844,1278,1299]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[180,1416,201,1813]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[150,1436,195,1832]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 11. Bittacomorphella furcata. a. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view e. Aedeagus, lateral view; f. Paramere, lateral view; g. Epigynium, dorsal view. H. Female genitalia, lateral view; i. Hypogynium, ventral view. All scale bars 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846202/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
a, 12a, 13a). Gonostylus without a basal lobe (
<figureCitation id="13532A04437CC717FAA8FB77FA980771" box="[1292,1369,1278,1299]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[180,1416,201,1813]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[150,1436,195,1832]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 11. Bittacomorphella furcata. a. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view e. Aedeagus, lateral view; f. Paramere, lateral view; g. Epigynium, dorsal view. H. Female genitalia, lateral view; i. Hypogynium, ventral view. All scale bars 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846202/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
b, 12b, 13b)............................................................................................... 11
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<keyStep id="309C2E24437CC717FF33FAB0FA5D07A1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FAB0FA5D07EB" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<materialsCitation id="3B003CDC437CC717FF33FAB0FA5D07EB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586248194" location="western North America." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Coast">
<keyLead id="309995B4437CC717FF33FAB0FA5D07EB" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
11. Scutum glabrous. Male terminalia with posterior margin of epandrium strongly emarginate, subaedeagal sclerite reduced, poorly distinguished plate at apex of aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="13532A04437CC717FD18FADFFCCD0709" box="[700,780,1366,1387]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[180,1416,201,1813]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[150,1436,195,1832]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 11. Bittacomorphella furcata. a. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view e. Aedeagus, lateral view; f. Paramere, lateral view; g. Epigynium, dorsal view. H. Female genitalia, lateral view; i. Hypogynium, ventral view. All scale bars 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846202/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
d, e), paramere bifurcate (
<figureCitation id="13532A04437CC717FBABFADFFB940709" box="[1039,1109,1366,1387]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[180,1416,201,1813]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[150,1436,195,1832]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 11. Bittacomorphella furcata. a. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view e. Aedeagus, lateral view; f. Paramere, lateral view; g. Epigynium, dorsal view. H. Female genitalia, lateral view; i. Hypogynium, ventral view. All scale bars 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846202/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
f)
<collectingRegion id="49ACF863437CC717FBCAFADFFB640709" box="[1134,1189,1366,1387]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Coast</collectingRegion>
Range of
<location id="8EB7605A437CC717FAB4FADFFEFC07EB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18797437CC717FF33FF11FA5D0434:8EB7605A437CC717FAB4FADFFEFC07EB" name="western North America." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Coast">western North America.</location>
.................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02437CC717FBF3FAFDFA8807EB" ID-CoL="9J25T" authority="Fasbender &amp; Courtney, 2017" authorityName="Fasbender &amp; Courtney" authorityYear="2017" box="[1111,1353,1396,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93437CC717FBF3FAFDFA8807EB" box="[1111,1353,1396,1417]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bittacomorphella furcata</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B91CEA93437CC717FAEBFAFAFA5D07EB" bold="true" box="[1359,1436,1395,1417]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FA18FA5D07A1" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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- Scutum covered in silver-grey tomentum. Male terminalia with posterior margin of epandrium weakly emarginate, subaedeagal sclerite of aedeagus conical, extending beyond phallotrema (
<figureCitation id="13532A04437CC717FCEDFA27FC5607A1" box="[841,919,1454,1475]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,226,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,195,1875]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 12. Bittacomorphella pacifica. a. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view e. Aedeagus, lateral view; f. Paramere, lateral view; g. Epigynium, dorsal view; h. Female genitalia, lateral view; i. Hypogynium, ventral view. All scale bars 0.5 mm except “ i ” (0.25 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846204/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 12</figureCitation>
d–e, 13d), paramere simple. (
<figureCitation id="13532A04437CC717FB0BFA27FB3C07A1" box="[1199,1277,1454,1475]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,226,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,195,1875]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 12. Bittacomorphella pacifica. a. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view e. Aedeagus, lateral view; f. Paramere, lateral view; g. Epigynium, dorsal view; h. Female genitalia, lateral view; i. Hypogynium, ventral view. All scale bars 0.5 mm except “ i ” (0.25 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846204/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 12</figureCitation>
f, 13e).... 12
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<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33FA45FA5C0479" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<materialsCitation id="3B003CDC437CC717FF33FA45FA5C0479" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586248193" location="western North America." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Coast">
<keyLead id="309995B4437CC717FF33FA45FA5C0479" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
12. Male terminalia with subaedeagal sclerite of aedeagus tapering, apex with minute triangular tooth dorsally (
<figureCitation id="13532A04437CC717FABAFA45FAA90783" box="[1310,1384,1484,1505]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,226,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,195,1875]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 12. Bittacomorphella pacifica. a. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view e. Aedeagus, lateral view; f. Paramere, lateral view; g. Epigynium, dorsal view; h. Female genitalia, lateral view; i. Hypogynium, ventral view. All scale bars 0.5 mm except “ i ” (0.25 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846204/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
d, e). Paramere simple or with weak sigmoidal curvature (
<figureCitation id="13532A04437CC717FD72FA60FCDB079C" box="[726,794,1513,1534]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,226,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,195,1875]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 12. Bittacomorphella pacifica. a. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view e. Aedeagus, lateral view; f. Paramere, lateral view; g. Epigynium, dorsal view; h. Female genitalia, lateral view; i. Hypogynium, ventral view. All scale bars 0.5 mm except “ i ” (0.25 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846204/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
f)
<collectingRegion id="49ACF863437CC717FC95FA60FCA6079C" box="[817,871,1513,1534]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Coast</collectingRegion>
and Cascade Ranges of
<location id="8EB7605A437CC717FBF7FA60FA8E079C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18797437CC717FF33FF11FA5D0434:8EB7605A437CC717FBF7FA60FA8E079C" box="[1107,1359,1513,1534]" name="western North America." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Coast">western North America.</location>
.............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02437CC717FB93F98FFA5C0479" ID-CoL="5WKFT" authority="Alexander" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1958" box="[1079,1437,1542,1563]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93437CC717FB93F98FFAF00479" box="[1079,1329,1542,1563]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bittacomorphella pacifica</emphasis>
Alexander
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73681437CC717FF33F9ADFA5D0434" blockId="21.[151,1437,330,1622]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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- Male terminalia with subaedeagal sclerite of aedeagus pin-like, apex simple (
<figureCitation id="13532A04437CC717FC69F9ADFBD5045B" box="[973,1044,1572,1593]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[172,1417,716,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,700,1881]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 13. Bittacomorphella sackenii. a. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view (scale bar =. 25 mm); e. Paramere, lateral view; f. Female genitalia, lateral view. Scale bars 0.5 mm (a – c, f), 0.25 mm (e)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846206/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
d). Paramere forming semicircular curve dorsally (
<figureCitation id="13532A04437CC717FE9FF9C8FE410434" box="[315,384,1601,1622]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[172,1417,716,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,700,1881]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 13. Bittacomorphella sackenii. a. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view (scale bar =. 25 mm); e. Paramere, lateral view; f. Female genitalia, lateral view. Scale bars 0.5 mm (a – c, f), 0.25 mm (e)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846206/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
e) Sierra
<collectingRegion id="49ACF863437CC717FE7CF9C8FDE00434" box="[472,545,1601,1622]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Nevada</collectingRegion>
...........................................
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02437CC717FB91F9C8FA5D0434" ID-CoL="LXQB" authority="von Roder" authorityName="von Roder" authorityYear="1890" box="[1077,1436,1601,1622]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sackenii">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93437CC717FB91F9C8FAF30434" box="[1077,1330,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bittacomorphella sackenii</emphasis>
von Röder
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