489 lines
66 KiB
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489 lines
66 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="21C47F2B5E23A9B110877DA630F53882">Dead man’s fingers point to new taxa: two new genera of New Zealand soft corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) and a revision of Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B1622A2237856F69865424CF7F0596EC">Kessel, Gustav M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A365320200DB7C6C873542B2D9BF8448">Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, Aotearoa-New Zealand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DAA1D3730386C40C140A263850A7EE86">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F8D0B32576C6CB4900A45D5F8D247AFC">Bilewitch, Jaret P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4D0BBDF5EDC558CE1AE95AB0E666D353">Norman, Jerry</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="766A4117B5E730528AEA62E61F863069">Ngāti Kurī, Tira Me Te Wā, Aotearoa-New Zealand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2827F549BEB970FD72B88548D693BDAF">Potts, Romana Tekaharoa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="045794285C9D6C2DDD8241BE97A9BEFE">Ngāti Kurī, Tira Me Te Wā, Aotearoa-New Zealand. & Te Wānanga o Aotearoa, Te Ringa Mauī / Ngāti Kurī / Te Ngaki, Aotearoa-New Zealand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="26C6E5C583190738A177080DA8653C0A">Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, Aotearoa-New Zealand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="178873FB272B4CC55E71B830BB2C10D5">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="12240AC2535FEE10592FA8028C17B01C">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C18705B52C5C70D30021CFCAA2FC9A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7094108" ID-GBIF-Taxon="200635682" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7094108" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7816DF77-E0C6-4237-8CF9-F5CF95D028A8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C18705B52C5C70D30021CFCAA2FC9A" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B52C5C7CD30021CFCB76F918" authority="Kessel & Alderslade & Bilewitch & Schnabel & Norman & Potts & Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel & Alderslade & Bilewitch & Schnabel & Norman & Potts & Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[625,855,1670,1697]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Kotatea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kapotaiora" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA01B52C5C7CD30021CFCB76F918" bold="true" box="[625,855,1670,1697]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Kotatea kapotaiora</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BD73613B52C5C7CD3ED2185CBC2F95E" blockId="23.[408,1255,1670,1767]" box="[668,995,1741,1767]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<figureCitation id="13532A96B52C5C7CD3ED2185CB3CF95E" box="[668,797,1741,1767]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[227,270,1738,1764]" captionTargetBox="[227,1437,338,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-138@8.[227,1437,338,1699]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 1. Collection sites of specimens of Kotatea gen. nov. and Ushanaia gen. nov. Holotype collection sites are indicated by white symbols, paratypes and other material by black symbols. In the case of K. aurantiaca gen. et comb. nov., the type collection site refers to that described by Quoy & Gaimard (1833). A. Manawatāwhi/Three Kings Islands. B. Far northern NZ, from Piwhane/Spirits Bay to the Poor Knights Islands. C. Northern NZ, from the Mokohinau Islands to East Cape. D. Central NZ, Cook Strait to Banks Peninsula. E. South-East NZ, Fiordland. Note that the holotypes of K. kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov. and K. teorowai gen. et sp. nov. share the same collection site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084448/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 1B–C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13532A96B52C5C7CD2582185CB6FF95E" box="[809,846,1741,1767]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[227,270,1719,1745]" captionTargetBox="[301,1361,302,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-185@9.[301,1361,302,1693]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 2. Polyps. A. Kotatea amicispongia gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156312). B. K. aurantiaca gen. et comb. nov. (NIWA 75330). C. K. kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974). D. K. kurakootingotingo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 101538). E. K. kurakootingotingo gen. et sp. nov., paratype, small polyp with coloured collaret and points (MAGNT C015221). F. K. lobata gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 101313). G. K. niwa gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MAGNT C015226). H. K. raekura gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 101537). I. Ushanaia ferruginea gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156313). J. U. fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311). K. U. solida gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 102133). L. K. aurantiaca gen. et comb. nov., in situ (uncollected specimen), Poor Knights Islands, photo by Ian Skipworth (ianskipworth.com). M. U. fervens gen. et sp. nov., in situ (uncollected specimen), Fiordland, photo by Shane Geange. Scale bars = ~1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084450/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">2C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13532A96B52C5C7CD22B2185CB84F95E" box="[858,933,1741,1767]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="25.[227,270,2001,2027]" captionStartId-1="26.[227,270,1995,2021]" captionTargetBox-0="[262,1401,303,1953]" captionTargetBox-1="[230,1433,912,1941]" captionTargetId-0="figure-53@25.[262,1401,303,1953]" captionTargetId-1="figure-206@26.[230,1433,912,1941]" captionTargetPageId-0="25" captionTargetPageId-1="26" captionText-0="Fig. 12. Kotatea kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck. E. Polyp mound. F. Lobe surface. G. Lobe interior." captionText-1="Fig. 13. Kotatea kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974), SEMs of sclerites. A. Base surface. B. Base interior. C. Polyps (in situ)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084476" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084478" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7084476/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7084478/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">12–13</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13532A96B52C5C7CD2C32185CBC2F95E" box="[946,995,1741,1767]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[227,270,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[233,1436,855,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-230@27.[233,1436,855,1923]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 14. Preserved specimens. A. Kotatea kurakootingotingo gen. et sp. nov. B. K. niwa gen. et sp. nov. C. K. kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov. Note that MAGNT C015224 and NIWA 58543 contain additional fragments that are not depicted. * = holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084480/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">14C</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD73613B52C5C7CD1922047C95DF890" blockId="23.[227,380,1807,1833]" box="[227,380,1807,1833]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<heading id="D09F817FB52C5C7CD1922047C95DF890" bold="true" box="[227,380,1807,1833]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA01B52C5C7CD1922047C95DF890" bold="true" box="[227,380,1807,1833]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Māori name</emphasis>
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</heading>
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<paragraph id="8BD73613B52C5C7CD1922076C95DF8EE" blockId="23.[227,380,1853,1880]" box="[227,380,1853,1880]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Kapo Taiora.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD73613B52C5C7CD1922037C97DF820" blockId="23.[227,348,1919,1945]" box="[227,348,1919,1945]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B52C5C7CD1922037C97DF820" bold="true" box="[227,348,1919,1945]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B52C5C73D19220E5CCC9FE29" blockId="23.[227,1437,1965,2063]" lastBlockId="24.[227,1437,303,400]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Colonies laterally compressed with branching lobes, white with white polyps. Collaret and points colourless, composed of warty spindles and clubs, and some irregular, flattened, branched forms. Tentacles contain irregular, warty, scale-like sclerites. Polyp neck contains warty rod- and spindle-like sclerites. Polyp mounds also contain similar forms, as well as thorny and leafy clubs. Lobe surface contains similar clubs and spiny radiates, with the latter also found in the base surface. Lobe and base interior contains distinct, irregular radiates with a few, thin, thorny, branched processes.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726598B5235C73D19226FFCCB2FCD9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5235C73D19226FFC94BFE68" blockId="24.[227,362,439,465]" box="[227,362,439,465]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<heading id="D09F817FB5235C73D19226FFC94BFE68" bold="true" box="[227,362,439,465]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5235C73D19226FFC94BFE68" bold="true" box="[227,362,439,465]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5235C73D19226ADCCB2FCD9" blockId="24.[226,1438,485,865]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
The species name was composed by the Ngāti Kurī Tira Me Te Wā Taiao (Science) Collective, and is a combination of the Māori words
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5235C73D3F12541CA98FD9A" box="[640,697,521,547]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">kapo</emphasis>
|
||
, to grasp,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5235C73D2492542CB77FD9A" box="[824,854,522,547]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">tai</emphasis>
|
||
, the sea or tide, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5235C73D5212542CCB6FD9A" box="[1104,1175,522,547]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">taiora</emphasis>
|
||
, nutrients. Ngāti Kurī provided the following
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5235C73D08D2564CA69FDFF" box="[508,584,556,582]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">kōrero</emphasis>
|
||
(narrative): “Clasping the sea, grabbing a hold of the ocean currents to ingest the life sustaining nutrients from its waters. Kapo Taiora shows strength and courage to withstand the ever-changing surges of different currents,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5235C73D267253CCC27FD34" box="[790,1030,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">He punga tū moana</emphasis>
|
||
(the coral that stands steadfast in the face of all adversity). We need to stand up and grasp the deep tides of new knowledge presented to us by the natural world. Such tenacity also reminds us that our ancient knowledge from the peoples of the Pacific is never lost. We must allow the currents of creative thinking to surge forth and inspire our
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5235C73D1922448C961FCA3" box="[227,320,768,794]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">whānau</emphasis>
|
||
(family) to seek knowledge and the truth of our science and of our world. Kapo Taiora inspires us all to bring to reality all yet to be discovered knowledge. Our ancient saying: ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5235C73D5C5246CC91AFCD9" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Te au ō te moana ō naianei</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5235C73D038240FC9C2FCD9" box="[329,483,839,864]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">nō onamataa</emphasis>
|
||
.’ The ocean currents of today are from the ancient world.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726598B5235C73D19224C0CCDFFABC" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5235C73D19224C0C9F1FC1B" blockId="24.[227,464,904,930]" box="[227,464,904,930]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<heading id="D09F817FB5235C73D19224C0C9F1FC1B" bold="true" box="[227,464,904,930]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5235C73D19224C0C9F1FC1B" bold="true" box="[227,464,904,930]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5235C73D06124FFCC2AFBAE" blockId="24.[227,1436,951,1048]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B003C4EB5235C73D06124FFCC2AFBAE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3909203322" collectingDate="1999-01-29" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" elevation="69" latitude="-34.357" location="North Cape" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="172.885" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="KAH9901, NIWA 3974" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northland" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5235C73D06124FFC9A3FC68" bold="true" box="[272,386,951,977]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B5235C73D06124FFC9A3FC68" box="[272,386,951,977]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7683B5235C73D1922493C99BFC4D" box="[227,442,986,1013]" name="New Zealand" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">NEW ZEALAND</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5235C73D0B42492C9EEFC4D" bold="true" box="[453,463,986,1012]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">•</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF8F1B5235C73D0AB2492CA75FC4D" box="[474,596,986,1012]" country="New Zealand" name="Northland" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Northland</collectingRegion>
|
||
, ~
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5235C73D3022492CAE1FC4D" box="[627,704,986,1012]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
|
||
NW of
|
||
<location id="8EB760C8B5235C73D2582492CB98FC4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18705B52C5C70D30021CFCAA2FC9A:8EB760C8B5235C73D2582492CB98FC4D" box="[809,953,986,1012]" country="New Zealand" latitude="-34.357" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="172.885" name="North Cape" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="Northland">North Cape</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B5235C73D2B92492CC71FC4D" box="[968,1104,986,1013]" degrees="34.3570" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="5" value="-34.357">34.3570° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B5235C73D5112492CCD8FC4C" box="[1120,1273,986,1013]" degrees="172.8850" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="5" value="172.885">172.8850° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; depth
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5235C73D4242492CDB6FC4C" box="[1365,1431,986,1013]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="69.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0045D120B5235C73D4242492CDB6FC4C" box="[1365,1431,986,1013]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="69.0">69 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFD610D3B5235C73D19224B5C95AFBAE" box="[227,379,1021,1048]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1999-01-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF92E93BB5235C73D19224B5C95AFBAE" box="[227,379,1021,1048]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1999-01-29">29 Jan. 1999</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED79AED6B5235C73D0F624B6C9F3FBA1" box="[391,466,1022,1048]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
|
||
exped.; stn Z9712 (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCE9E68B5235C73D3CD24B5CB1DFBAE" box="[700,828,1021,1047]" collectionCode="KAH" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">KAH9901</specimenCode>
|
||
/88);
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCE9E68B5235C73D20624B6CC26FBAE" box="[887,1031,1021,1048]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 3974</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5235C73D0612377CCBDFBC5" blockId="24.[227,1180,1087,1149]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B003C4EB5235C73D0612377CCB6FBC5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3909203351" collectingDate="1999-01-29" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" elevation="69" latitude="-34.357" location="North Cape" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="172.885" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northland" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5235C73D0612377C9A3FBE0" bold="true" box="[272,386,1087,1113]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B5235C73D0612377C9A3FBE0" box="[272,386,1087,1113]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7683B5235C73D192232BC997FBC5" box="[227,438,1122,1149]" name="New Zealand" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">NEW ZEALAND</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5235C73D0CF232AC9E9FBC5" bold="true" box="[446,456,1122,1148]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">•</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD9AB5235C73D0A1232ACA78FBC5" box="[464,601,1122,1148]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
; same collection data as for holotype; AK 73620
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5235C73D06123EBCA26FB04" blockId="24.[227,1437,1187,1285]" box="[272,519,1187,1213]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5235C73D06123EBCA26FB04" bold="true" box="[272,519,1187,1213]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Additional material</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5235C73D1922380CCDFFABC" blockId="24.[227,1437,1187,1285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B003C4EB5235C73D1922380CCDBFABC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3909203320" collectingDate="2020-11-22" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" elevation="46" latitude="-36.158" location="Jellicoe Channel" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="174.71" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="KAH2006, NIWA 155300" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Auckland">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7683B5235C73D1922380C998FB58" box="[227,441,1223,1250]" name="New Zealand" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">NEW ZEALAND</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5235C73D0B2238FC9ECFB58" bold="true" box="[451,461,1223,1249]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">•</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD9AB5235C73D0A6238FCA42FB58" box="[471,611,1223,1249]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF8F1B5235C73D31E238FCAC5FB58" box="[623,740,1223,1249]" country="New Zealand" name="Auckland" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Auckland</collectingRegion>
|
||
, ~
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A652F31B5235C73D273238FCC0AFB58" box="[770,1067,1223,1250]" location="Te Arai Point" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5235C73D273238FCB1EFB58" box="[770,831,1223,1250]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Te Arai Point
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB760C8B5235C73D548238FCD23FB58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18705B52C5C70D30021CFCAA2FC9A:8EB760C8B5235C73D548238FCD23FB58" box="[1081,1282,1223,1249]" country="New Zealand" latitude="-36.158" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="174.71" name="Jellicoe Channel" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="Auckland">Jellicoe Channel</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B5235C73D461238FCDB6FB58" box="[1296,1431,1223,1250]" degrees="36.1580" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="5" value="-36.158">36.1580° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B5235C73D19423A2C95AFABC" box="[229,379,1258,1285]" degrees="174.7100" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="5" value="174.71">174.7100° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; depth
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5235C73D0A123A2CA2EFABC" box="[464,527,1258,1285]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="46.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0045D120B5235C73D0A123A2CA2EFABC" box="[464,527,1258,1285]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="46.0">46 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFD610D3B5235C73D36A23A2CA99FABD" box="[539,696,1258,1285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2020-11-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF92E93BB5235C73D36A23A2CA99FABD" box="[539,696,1258,1285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2020-11-22">22Nov. 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED79AED6B5235C73D3B523A2CB2EFABD" box="[708,783,1258,1284]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
|
||
exped.; stn
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCE9E68B5235C73D2ED23A2CC3DFABD" box="[924,1052,1258,1284]" collectionCode="KAH" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">KAH2006</specimenCode>
|
||
/13;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCE9E68B5235C73D53D23A2CCDBFABC" box="[1100,1274,1258,1285]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 155300</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726598B5235C71D1922264CA00FCE6" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5235C73D1922264CAB0FAFF" blockId="24.[227,657,1324,1350]" box="[227,657,1324,1350]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5235C73D1922264C955FAFF" bold="true" box="[227,372,1324,1350]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Description</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B5235C73D0F22264C9CFFAFF" box="[387,494,1324,1350]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, NIWA 3974)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5235C73D0612212C98EFACD" blockId="24.[227,1438,1370,1608]" box="[272,431,1370,1396]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5235C73D0612212C98EFACD" bold="true" box="[272,431,1370,1396]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Colony form</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5235C73D1922236CA95F9F1" blockId="24.[227,1438,1370,1608]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B5235C73D06C2236C9A5FA21" box="[285,388,1406,1432]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
consists of a white (ethanol-preserved), lobate colony (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5235C73D54D2236CC8DFA21" box="[1084,1196,1406,1432]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[227,270,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[233,1436,855,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-230@27.[233,1436,855,1923]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 14. Preserved specimens. A. Kotatea kurakootingotingo gen. et sp. nov. B. K. niwa gen. et sp. nov. C. K. kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov. Note that MAGNT C015224 and NIWA 58543 contain additional fragments that are not depicted. * = holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084480/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is laterally compressed. Being roughly twice as wide as it is deep, it measures
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5235C73D57722E9CC71FA05" box="[1030,1104,1441,1468]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
in height by
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5235C73D58122E9CD0AFA05" box="[1264,1323,1441,1468]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
|
||
width by
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5235C73D195228CC914FA66" box="[228,309,1476,1503]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
depth. Lobes emerge from a thick stalk, which is up to ~
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5235C73D293228CCC3FFA66" box="[994,1054,1476,1503]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
|
||
in height, and these branch into slender, finger-like lobes and small lobules. Polyps grow relatively uniformly over most of the colony but are absent from a short section of the base. Polyps are white,
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5235C73D2912143CC4FF99F" box="[992,1134,1547,1574]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall when expanded, with colourless collaret and points (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5235C73D33B2166CA86F9F1" box="[586,679,1582,1608]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[227,270,1719,1745]" captionTargetBox="[301,1361,302,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-185@9.[301,1361,302,1693]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 2. Polyps. A. Kotatea amicispongia gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156312). B. K. aurantiaca gen. et comb. nov. (NIWA 75330). C. K. kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974). D. K. kurakootingotingo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 101538). E. K. kurakootingotingo gen. et sp. nov., paratype, small polyp with coloured collaret and points (MAGNT C015221). F. K. lobata gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 101313). G. K. niwa gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MAGNT C015226). H. K. raekura gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 101537). I. Ushanaia ferruginea gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156313). J. U. fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311). K. U. solida gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 102133). L. K. aurantiaca gen. et comb. nov., in situ (uncollected specimen), Poor Knights Islands, photo by Ian Skipworth (ianskipworth.com). M. U. fervens gen. et sp. nov., in situ (uncollected specimen), Fiordland, photo by Shane Geange. Scale bars = ~1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084450/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5235C73D0612127C95BF930" blockId="24.[226,1438,1647,2063]" box="[272,378,1647,1673]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5235C73D0612127C95BF930" bold="true" box="[272,378,1647,1673]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Sclerites</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5235C71D19221DBCA54FE37" blockId="24.[226,1438,1647,2063]" lastBlockId="26.[227,1437,303,399]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Points are composed of warty spindles (~
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5235C73D3B621DBCB54F917" box="[711,885,1683,1710]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.7999999999999998" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.215" valueMax="0.25" valueMin="0.18">0.18–0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
long), as well as clubs distally (~
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5235C73D58F21DBCDBCF917" box="[1278,1437,1683,1710]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.19" valueMax="0.28" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.28 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5235C73D04021FEC9E3F968" box="[305,450,1718,1745]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[227,270,2001,2027]" captionTargetBox="[262,1401,303,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-53@25.[262,1401,303,1953]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 12. Kotatea kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck. E. Polyp mound. F. Lobe surface. G. Lobe interior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084476/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Proximally, the spindles transition into a transverse orientation and merge with the collaret, which is four to seven rows deep and composed of larger, usually curved, often flattened and sometimes irregular or branched sclerites (~
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5235C73D39D21B5CB5FF8A1" box="[748,894,1789,1816]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5235C73D2A721B5CC69F8AE" box="[982,1096,1789,1815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[227,270,2001,2027]" captionTargetBox="[262,1401,303,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-53@25.[262,1401,303,1953]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 12. Kotatea kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck. E. Polyp mound. F. Lobe surface. G. Lobe interior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084476/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 12A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5235C73D52721B5CCABF8AE" box="[1110,1162,1789,1815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[227,270,1995,2021]" captionTargetBox="[230,1433,912,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-206@26.[230,1433,912,1941]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 13. Kotatea kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974), SEMs of sclerites. A. Base surface. B. Base interior. C. Polyps (in situ)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084478/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">13C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tentacles contain irregular, warty, scale-like forms that are often slightly curved and branched (~
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5235C73D5C02068CD75F882" box="[1201,1364,1824,1851]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.175" valueMax="0.25" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5235C73D19A200CC979F8E7" box="[235,344,1860,1886]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[227,270,2001,2027]" captionTargetBox="[262,1401,303,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-53@25.[262,1401,303,1953]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 12. Kotatea kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck. E. Polyp mound. F. Lobe surface. G. Lobe interior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084476/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The polyp neck contains warty rod- and spindle-like forms (~
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5235C73D54D200CCCEDF8E7" box="[1084,1228,1860,1886]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5235C73D453200CCDAEF8E7" box="[1314,1423,1860,1886]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[227,270,2001,2027]" captionTargetBox="[262,1401,303,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-53@25.[262,1401,303,1953]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 12. Kotatea kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck. E. Polyp mound. F. Lobe surface. G. Lobe interior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084476/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Warty rod-like forms are also abundant in polyp mounds (~
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5235C73D2D8202FCC6BF838" box="[937,1098,1895,1921]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.08" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.06">0.06–0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long), where they gradually blend into thorny and leafy clubs (~
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5235C73D3FC20C2CB1DF81C" box="[653,828,1930,1957]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.09" valueMax="0.12" valueMin="0.06">0.06–0.12 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5235C73D2E520C2CC21F81D" box="[916,1024,1930,1956]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[227,270,2001,2027]" captionTargetBox="[262,1401,303,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-53@25.[262,1401,303,1953]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 12. Kotatea kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck. E. Polyp mound. F. Lobe surface. G. Lobe interior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084476/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The surface of the lobes contains similar but more ornate clubs, as well as spiny radiates (~
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5235C73D20E20E5CC0DF871" box="[895,1068,1965,1992]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.1" valueMax="0.16" valueMin="0.04">0.04–0.16 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5235C73D5F120E5CCC9F871" box="[1152,1256,1965,1992]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[227,270,2001,2027]" captionTargetBox="[262,1401,303,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-53@25.[262,1401,303,1953]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 12. Kotatea kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck. E. Polyp mound. F. Lobe surface. G. Lobe interior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084476/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12F</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the interior of the lobes, irregular radiates with few, thin, thorny, branched processes predominate (~
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5235C73D59F2099CDBDF852" box="[1262,1436,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.1" valueMax="0.15" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.15 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5235C73D04020BCC9BEF7B7" box="[305,415,2036,2062]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[227,270,2001,2027]" captionTargetBox="[262,1401,303,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-53@25.[262,1401,303,1953]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 12. Kotatea kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck. E. Polyp mound. F. Lobe surface. G. Lobe interior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084476/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The surface of the base lacks clubs but contains similar thorny radiates to the surface of the lobes, although here these are generally smaller (~
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5215C71D2F42667CC15FEF0" box="[901,1076,303,330]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.499999999999998" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.08499999999999999" valueMax="0.12" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.12 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5215C71D5FD2667CCDAFEF0" box="[1164,1275,303,329]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[227,270,1995,2021]" captionTargetBox="[230,1433,912,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-206@26.[230,1433,912,1941]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 13. Kotatea kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974), SEMs of sclerites. A. Base surface. B. Base interior. C. Polyps (in situ)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084478/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The interior of the base contains thorny radiates similar to those in the lobe interior along with smaller spiny forms (~
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5215C71D18B263CC989FE36" box="[250,424,372,399]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.09" valueMax="0.12" valueMin="0.06">0.06–0.12 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5215C71D08C263CCA49FE37" box="[509,616,372,398]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[227,270,1995,2021]" captionTargetBox="[230,1433,912,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-206@26.[230,1433,912,1941]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 13. Kotatea kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974), SEMs of sclerites. A. Base surface. B. Base interior. C. Polyps (in situ)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084478/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF17669BB5225C72D1922099CDBCF7B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084476" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7084476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084476/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[227,270,2001,2027]" targetBox="[262,1401,303,1953]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5225C72D1922099CDBCF7B7" blockId="25.[227,1437,2001,2063]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5225C72D1922099C91EF852" bold="true" box="[227,319,2001,2027]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5225C72D037209ACA0AF852" authority="Kessel & Alderslade & Bilewitch & Schnabel & Norman & Potts & Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel & Alderslade & Bilewitch & Schnabel & Norman & Potts & Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[326,555,2001,2027]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Kotatea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kapotaiora" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5225C72D037209ACA0AF852" box="[326,555,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Kotatea kapotaiora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5225C72D3402099CAC2F852" box="[561,739,2001,2027]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype (NIWA 3974), SEMs of sclerites.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5225C72D5992099CCDCF852" bold="true" box="[1256,1277,2001,2027]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Collaret and points.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5225C72D04920BCC96DF7B7" bold="true" box="[312,332,2036,2062]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Distal points.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5225C72D08820BCCA2FF7B7" bold="true" box="[505,526,2036,2062]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Tentacles.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5225C72D3E620BCCA8DF7B7" bold="true" box="[663,684,2036,2062]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Polyp neck.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5225C72D23B20BCCB7FF7B7" bold="true" box="[842,862,2036,2062]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Polyp mound.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5225C72D56520BCCC07F7B7" bold="true" box="[1044,1062,2036,2062]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Lobe surface.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5225C72D5A920BCCCCEF7B7" bold="true" box="[1240,1263,2036,2062]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Lobe interior.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5215C71D19226FDC948FE76" blockId="26.[227,361,437,463]" box="[227,361,437,463]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<heading id="D09F817FB5215C71D19226FDC948FE76" bold="true" box="[227,361,437,463]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5215C71D19226FDC948FE76" bold="true" box="[227,361,437,463]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Variability</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5215C71D19226ABCAF5FDDC" blockId="26.[227,1436,483,614]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
The more recently collected NIWA 155300 is smaller and slightly more brownish in colour than the plain white
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B5215C71D007254EC9FCFD99" box="[374,477,518,544]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B5215C71D36F254ECAA6FD99" box="[542,647,518,544]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Otherwise, all
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD9AB5215C71D23B254ECC2BFD99" box="[842,1034,518,544]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
are very similar in growth form (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5215C71D19A2560C974FDFB" box="[235,341,552,578]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[227,270,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[233,1436,855,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-230@27.[233,1436,855,1923]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 14. Preserved specimens. A. Kotatea kurakootingotingo gen. et sp. nov. B. K. niwa gen. et sp. nov. C. K. kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov. Note that MAGNT C015224 and NIWA 58543 contain additional fragments that are not depicted. * = holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084480/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and both the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B5215C71D08E2561CA45FDFA" box="[511,612,553,579]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
and NIWA 155300 correspond very closely to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B5215C71D5CA2560CD03FDFB" box="[1211,1314,552,578]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in sclerite composition and size ranges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5215C71D34F2503CAE6FDDC" box="[574,711,587,613]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="25.[227,270,2001,2027]" captionStartId-1="26.[227,270,1995,2021]" captionTargetBox-0="[262,1401,303,1953]" captionTargetBox-1="[230,1433,912,1941]" captionTargetId-0="figure-53@25.[262,1401,303,1953]" captionTargetId-1="figure-206@26.[230,1433,912,1941]" captionTargetPageId-0="25" captionTargetPageId-1="26" captionText-0="Fig. 12. Kotatea kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck. E. Polyp mound. F. Lobe surface. G. Lobe interior." captionText-1="Fig. 13. Kotatea kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974), SEMs of sclerites. A. Base surface. B. Base interior. C. Polyps (in situ)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084476" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084478" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7084476/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7084478/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs 12–13</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5215C71D19225C4C9A8FD1F" blockId="26.[227,393,652,678]" box="[227,393,652,678]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<heading id="D09F817FB5215C71D19225C4C9A8FD1F" bold="true" box="[227,393,652,678]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5215C71D19225C4C9A8FD1F" bold="true" box="[227,393,652,678]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5215C71D19225F2CA00FCE6" blockId="26.[226,1438,698,864]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5215C71D0FF25F3CA54FD6D" authority="Kessel & Alderslade & Bilewitch & Schnabel & Norman & Potts & Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel & Alderslade & Bilewitch & Schnabel & Norman & Potts & Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[398,629,698,724]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Kotatea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kapotaiora" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5215C71D0FF25F3CA54FD6D" box="[398,629,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Kotatea kapotaiora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5215C71D30D25F2CB13FD6D" box="[636,818,698,724]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are highly distinctive in appearance, forming large, white, laterally compressed colonies with slender lobes and a prominent stalk, and are unlikely to be confused for any other congeneric species. Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5215C71D2092448CC3AFCA0" authorityName="Kessel & Alderslade & Bilewitch & Schnabel & Norman & Potts & Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[888,1051,767,793]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Kotatea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kapotaiora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5215C71D2092448CC3AFCA0" box="[888,1051,767,793]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">K. kapotaiora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can easily be differentiated from the rest of the genus by its characteristic, abundant interior radiates with few, thin, thorny branching processes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5215C71D012240DC9F2FCE6" box="[355,467,837,863]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[227,270,2001,2027]" captionTargetBox="[262,1401,303,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-53@25.[262,1401,303,1953]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 12. Kotatea kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck. E. Polyp mound. F. Lobe surface. G. Lobe interior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084476/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs 12G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5215C71D0AE240DCA35FCE6" box="[479,532,837,863]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[227,270,1995,2021]" captionTargetBox="[230,1433,912,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-206@26.[230,1433,912,1941]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 13. Kotatea kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974), SEMs of sclerites. A. Base surface. B. Base interior. C. Polyps (in situ)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084478/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">13B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF17669BB5215C71D1922083CAA6F7B1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084478" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7084478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084478/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" startId="26.[227,270,1995,2021]" targetBox="[230,1433,912,1941]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5215C71D1922083CAA6F7B1" blockId="26.[226,1437,1995,2057]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5215C71D1922083C91FF85C" bold="true" box="[227,318,1995,2021]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5215C71D0352084CA09F85C" authority="Kessel & Alderslade & Bilewitch & Schnabel & Norman & Potts & Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel & Alderslade & Bilewitch & Schnabel & Norman & Potts & Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[324,552,1995,2021]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Kotatea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kapotaiora" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5215C71D0352084CA09F85C" box="[324,552,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Kotatea kapotaiora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5215C71D35E2084CAFFF85F" box="[559,734,1996,2022]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype (NIWA 3974), SEMs of sclerites.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5215C71D5AC2083CCD3F85C" bold="true" box="[1245,1266,1995,2021]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Base surface.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5215C71D19320A7C8D7F7B0" bold="true" box="[226,246,2031,2057]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Base interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5215C71D0D820A6C99FF7B1" bold="true" box="[425,446,2030,2056]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Polyps (in situ).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726598B5205C70D1922666CAC7FD9E" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5205C70D1922666CA34FEF1" blockId="27.[227,533,302,328]" box="[227,533,302,328]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<heading id="D09F817FB5205C70D1922666CA34FEF1" bold="true" box="[227,533,302,328]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5205C70D1922666CA34FEF1" bold="true" box="[227,533,302,328]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Habitat and distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5205C70D1922615CAC7FD9E" blockId="27.[226,1437,349,551]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B5205C70D0682615C9A1FECE" box="[281,384,349,375]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B5205C70D0CD2615CA05FECE" box="[444,548,349,375]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, collected at
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5205C70D3B32615CB21FECE" box="[706,768,349,375]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="69.0">69 m</quantity>
|
||
north of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF8F1B5205C70D2012615CBDCFECE" box="[880,1021,349,375]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">North Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and one other colony, collected at a depth of
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5205C70D01926C8C986FE22" box="[360,423,384,411]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="46.0">46 m</quantity>
|
||
near Te Arai Point, are the only known specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5205C70D54726C9CCFAFE23" authority="Kessel & Alderslade & Bilewitch & Schnabel & Norman & Potts & Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel & Alderslade & Bilewitch & Schnabel & Norman & Potts & Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[1078,1243,384,410]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Kotatea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kapotaiora" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5205C70D54726C9CCFAFE23" box="[1078,1243,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">K. kapotaiora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5205C70D59426C9CDBCFE22" box="[1253,1437,385,411]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5205C70D19A26EBC94BFE04" box="[235,362,419,445]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[227,270,1738,1764]" captionTargetBox="[227,1437,338,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-138@8.[227,1437,338,1699]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 1. Collection sites of specimens of Kotatea gen. nov. and Ushanaia gen. nov. Holotype collection sites are indicated by white symbols, paratypes and other material by black symbols. In the case of K. aurantiaca gen. et comb. nov., the type collection site refers to that described by Quoy & Gaimard (1833). A. Manawatāwhi/Three Kings Islands. B. Far northern NZ, from Piwhane/Spirits Bay to the Poor Knights Islands. C. Northern NZ, from the Mokohinau Islands to East Cape. D. Central NZ, Cook Strait to Banks Peninsula. E. South-East NZ, Fiordland. Note that the holotypes of K. kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov. and K. teorowai gen. et sp. nov. share the same collection site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084448/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1B–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). None of the specimens are accompanied by habitat notes, but NIWA 155300 is attached to a large rock fragment heavily encrusted with bleached coralline algae (not shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5205C70D5B1268ECD0AFE58" box="[1216,1323,454,481]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[227,270,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[233,1436,855,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-230@27.[233,1436,855,1923]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 14. Preserved specimens. A. Kotatea kurakootingotingo gen. et sp. nov. B. K. niwa gen. et sp. nov. C. K. kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov. Note that MAGNT C015224 and NIWA 58543 contain additional fragments that are not depicted. * = holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084480/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5205C70D44E268FC945FDBD" authorityName="Kessel & Alderslade & Bilewitch & Schnabel & Norman & Potts & Gardner" authorityYear="2022" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Kotatea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kapotaiora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5205C70D44E268FC945FDBD" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Kotatea kapotaiora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5205C70D0D226A2CA0EFDBA" authority="Kessel & Alderslade & Bilewitch & Schnabel & Norman & Potts & Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel & Alderslade & Bilewitch & Schnabel & Norman & Potts & Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[419,559,490,515]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Kotatea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="teorowai" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5205C70D0D226A2CA0EFDBA" box="[419,559,490,515]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">K. teorowai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5205C70D34626A2CACFFDBD" box="[567,750,490,516]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can occur syntopically, as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B5205C70D51326A2CCF5FDBD" box="[1122,1236,490,516]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
for both species were collected together in the same sample.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726598B5205C70D1922506CAA2FC9A" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5205C70D1922506C974FDD1" blockId="27.[227,341,590,616]" box="[227,341,590,616]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<heading id="D09F817FB5205C70D1922506C974FDD1" bold="true" box="[227,341,590,616]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5205C70D1922506C974FDD1" bold="true" box="[227,341,590,616]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5205C70D1922535CAA2FC9A" blockId="27.[226,1438,637,804]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94BE2B5205C70D1922535C9ECFD2E" author="Grange K. R. & Watson J. & Cook S. D. C. & Barnett T. J. & Brook F. J. & Cairns S. D." box="[227,461,637,663]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="137 - 247" refId="ref34929" refString="Grange K. R., Watson J., Cook S. D. C., Barnett T. J., Brook F. J. & Cairns S. D. 2010. Phylum Cnidaria. In: Cook S. D. C. (ed.) New Zealand Coastal Marine Invertebrates 1: 137 - 247. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Grange
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5205C70D04E2536C958FD2E" box="[319,377,637,663]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustrate a large (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5205C70D3AC2535CB09FD2E" box="[733,808,637,663]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||
), white, digitate soft coral from Fiordland that, at least superficially, resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5205C70D37025E9CA87FD03" authority="Kessel & Alderslade & Bilewitch & Schnabel & Norman & Potts & Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel & Alderslade & Bilewitch & Schnabel & Norman & Potts & Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[513,678,672,698]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Kotatea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kapotaiora" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5205C70D37025E9CA87FD03" box="[513,678,672,698]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">K. kapotaiora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5205C70D3C125E9CB47FD02" box="[688,870,673,699]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
That form is noted as rare and found at depths of
|
||
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5205C70D074258BC95EFD67" box="[261,383,707,734]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="70.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="40.0">
|
||
40–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD9AB5205C70D043258BC95EFD67" box="[306,383,707,734]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="generic">100 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. Since no specimens matching that description were available for examination, it remains unclear whether these observations represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5205C70D38225AFCBB4FCB9" authorityName="Kessel & Alderslade & Bilewitch & Schnabel & Norman & Potts & Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[755,917,742,768]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Kotatea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kapotaiora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5205C70D38225AFCBB4FCB9" box="[755,917,742,768]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">K. kapotaiora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
living much further south than can currently be confirmed, or a separate species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |