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<document id="69AB6ECD5697A9FD844F11832F65C8DB" ID-CLB-Dataset="145798" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2022.837.1923" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d157f752-43b8-4f47-bc6f-65f80c303e89" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7084444" ID-ZooBank="7CBAC71F-FF75-411C-9CE9-AA633E16438E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1663300833499" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kessel, Gustav M., Alderslade, Philip, Bilewitch, Jaret P., Schnabel, Kareen E., Norman, Jerry, Potts, Romana Tekaharoa &amp; Gardner, Jonathan P. A." docDate="2022" docId="03C18705B50C5C56D30B2198CAB2FDC1" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-837_1-85.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 837" docSource="http://zoobank.org/7cbac71f-ff75-411c-9ce9-aa633e16438e" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8DBBCD0342F59C7B93E4D60327A07408.3:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="8DBBCD0342F59C7B93E4D60327A07408" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Ushanaia fervens Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner 2022, gen. et sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="D8AA094B-80EA-4BAE-A4A7-C93F44708100" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FFF8FF7DB53B5C6BD1712748C821FFB9" masterDocTitle="Dead man’s fingers point to new taxa: two new genera of New Zealand soft corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) and a revision of Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1833" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1699380551003" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="DC05658DF8AAC413F557815FAD1B3EF7">Dead man’s fingers point to new taxa: two new genera of New Zealand soft corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) and a revision of Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1833</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E43C9F9E42554D224ED5B14A961F8128">Kessel, Gustav M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4CEB5ABEB7C0EDB908DEB4158F5B1009">Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, Aotearoa-New Zealand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="44B13B0206472E271985533785F58CAF">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E71CC1BEDC8C9DAB763CA362AB1720F6">Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="E73C916EE0B433AC399E499450929FDA">National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd., Wellington, Aotearoa-New Zealand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="D692758BDCB9F5877C54961D9F7FCAAE">Ngāti Kurī, Tira Me Te Wā, Aotearoa-New Zealand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="3E2871249AECCF59E1C0D3A543F4D3CD">Ngāti Kurī, Tira Me Te Wā, Aotearoa-New Zealand. &amp; Te Wānanga o Aotearoa, Te Ringa Mauī / Ngāti Kurī / Te Ngaki, Aotearoa-New Zealand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="A4795998D4C8FBB89BDA95CF5B6B0C1C">Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, Aotearoa-New Zealand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="C0A418BB817168E1ACEC7292E3FC8219">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C18705B50C5C56D30B2198CAB2FDC1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7094126" ID-GBIF-Taxon="200635688" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7094126" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D8AA094B-80EA-4BAE-A4A7-C93F44708100" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C18705B50C5C56D30B2198CAB2FDC1" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B50C5C5CD30B2198CB6FF953" authority="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[634,846,1744,1771]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Ushanaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fervens" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B50C5C5CD30B2198CB6FF953" bold="true" box="[634,846,1744,1771]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Ushanaia fervens</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB50C5C5CD2272199CC27F952" box="[854,1030,1745,1771]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<paragraph id="8BD73613B50C5C5CD33D2053CC14F88C" blockId="55.[396,1267,1744,1846]" box="[588,1077,1819,1846]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<figureCitation id="13532A96B50C5C5CD33D2053CAEDF88C" box="[588,716,1819,1845]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[227,270,1738,1764]" captionTargetBox="[227,1437,338,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-138@8.[227,1437,338,1699]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 1. Collection sites of specimens of Kotatea gen. nov. and Ushanaia gen. nov. Holotype collection sites are indicated by white symbols, paratypes and other material by black symbols. In the case of K. aurantiaca gen. et comb. nov., the type collection site refers to that described by Quoy &amp; Gaimard (1833). A. Manawatāwhi/Three Kings Islands. B. Far northern NZ, from Piwhane/Spirits Bay to the Poor Knights Islands. C. Northern NZ, from the Mokohinau Islands to East Cape. D. Central NZ, Cook Strait to Banks Peninsula. E. South-East NZ, Fiordland. Note that the holotypes of K. kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov. and K. teorowai gen. et sp. nov. share the same collection site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084448/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figs 1D–E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13532A96B50C5C5CD3A82053CB3EF88F" box="[729,799,1819,1846]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[227,270,1719,1745]" captionTargetBox="[301,1361,302,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-185@9.[301,1361,302,1693]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 2. Polyps. A. Kotatea amicispongia gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156312). B. K. aurantiaca gen. et comb. nov. (NIWA 75330). C. K. kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974). D. K. kurakootingotingo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 101538). E. K. kurakootingotingo gen. et sp. nov., paratype, small polyp with coloured collaret and points (MAGNT C015221). F. K. lobata gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 101313). G. K. niwa gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MAGNT C015226). H. K. raekura gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 101537). I. Ushanaia ferruginea gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156313). J. U. fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311). K. U. solida gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 102133). L. K. aurantiaca gen. et comb. nov., in situ (uncollected specimen), Poor Knights Islands, photo by Ian Skipworth (ianskipworth.com). M. U. fervens gen. et sp. nov., in situ (uncollected specimen), Fiordland, photo by Shane Geange. Scale bars = ~1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084450/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">2J, M</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13532A96B50C5C5CD25B2053CB7FF88C" box="[810,862,1819,1845]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[224,267,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[229,1434,1480,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-412@22.[229,1434,1480,1921]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 11. A–B. Copies of Quoy &amp; Gaimard’s (1833) illustrations of “A. aurantiacum”. C–D. Copies of the sketches of upright and encrusting specimens by Benham (1928), identified as A. aurantiacum. E. A. aurantiacum syntype, specimen MNHN-IK-2000-128 (photo by Marie Hennion)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084474/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">11D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13532A96B50C5C5CD21A2053CBBFF88C" box="[875,926,1819,1845]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="52.[227,270,1898,1924]" captionTargetBox="[230,1433,302,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-63@52.[230,1433,302,1841]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Fig. 28. Selected preserved specimens. A. Ushanaia ferruginea gen. et sp. nov. B. U. fervens gen. et sp. nov. C. U. solida gen. et sp. nov. Note that most specimen lots include additional fragments that are not depicted. * = holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084512/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">28B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13532A96B50C5C5CD2DB2053CBD7F88C" box="[938,1014,1819,1845]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="57.[227,270,1968,1994]" captionStartId-1="58.[227,270,2000,2026]" captionStartId-2="59.[227,270,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox-0="[230,1433,1128,1931]" captionTargetBox-1="[261,1402,303,1961]" captionTargetBox-2="[253,1411,304,1969]" captionTargetId-0="figure-315@57.[230,1433,1128,1931]" captionTargetId-1="figure-49@58.[261,1402,303,1961]" captionTargetId-2="figure-47@59.[253,1411,304,1969]" captionTargetPageId-0="57" captionTargetPageId-1="58" captionTargetPageId-2="59" captionText-0="Fig. 31. In situ photographs of Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov. A–B. Encrusting on black coral (uncollected specimen), Fiordland, photos by Richard Kinsey.C. Small colonies (uncollected specimens), Fiordland, photo by Ian Skipworth (ianskipworth.com). Scale bars = ~2 cm." captionText-1="Fig. 32. Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck." captionText-2="Fig. 33. Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311), SEMs of sclerites. A. Polyp mound. B. Surface (of thick, fleshy areas of colony). C. Interior (of thick, fleshy areas of colony)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084518" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084520" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084522" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7084518/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7084520/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7084522/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">31–33</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13532A96B50C5C5CD5732053CC14F88C" box="[1026,1077,1819,1845]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[227,270,1999,2025]" captionTargetBox="[230,1433,1152,1965]" captionTargetId="figure-301@60.[230,1433,1152,1965]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 34. SEMs of sclerites from polyps (in situ). A. Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311). B. U. solida gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 102133)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084524/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">34A</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B50C5C5CD1922016C9DCF8C1" ID-CoL="BL47" authorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" authorityYear="1833" box="[227,509,1886,1912]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aurantiacum">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B50C5C5CD1922016C9DCF8C1" box="[227,509,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Alcyonium aurantiacum</emphasis>
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–
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94BE2B50C5C5CD3682016CA9CF8C0" author="Benham W. B." box="[537,701,1886,1913]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="67 - 84" refId="ref33503" refString="Benham W. B. 1928. On some alcyonarians from New Zealand waters. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 59 (1): 67 - 84." type="journal article" year="1928">
Benham
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</bibRefCitation>
in part: 71–75, figs 6–11. —
<treatmentCitation id="0AC91002B50C5C5CD5602016CD7FF8C0" author="McFadden C. S. &amp; France S. C. &amp; Sanchez J. A. &amp; Alderslade P." box="[1041,1374,1886,1913]" page="517" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94BE2B50C5C5CD5602016CD7FF8C0" author="McFadden C. S. &amp; France S. C. &amp; Sanchez J. A. &amp; Alderslade P." box="[1041,1374,1886,1913]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="513 - 527" refId="ref36438" refString="McFadden C. S., France S. C., Sanchez J. A. &amp; Alderslade P. 2006 b. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) based on mitochondrial protein-coding sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 41 (3): 513 - 527. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2006.06.010" type="journal article" year="2006">
McFadden
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B50C5C5CD5E72017CCF1F8C1" box="[1174,1232,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
2006b: 517
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 521, 523, figs 1, 3.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B50C5C5CD19220E1C965F7B7" blockId="55.[227,1437,1886,2062]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
?
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B50C5C5CD18820E1CA36F87A" ID-CoL="BL47" authorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" authorityYear="1833" box="[249,535,1961,1987]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aurantiacum">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B50C5C5CD18820E1CA36F87A" box="[249,535,1961,1987]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Alcyonium aurantiacum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94BE2B50C5C5CD34820E1CBB4F87A" author="Grange K. R. &amp; Singleton R. I. &amp; Richardson J. R. &amp; Hill P. J. &amp; Main W. D. L." box="[569,917,1961,1987]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="209 - 227" refId="ref34860" refString="Grange K. R., Singleton R. I., Richardson J. R., Hill P. J. &amp; Main W. D. L. 1981. Shallow rock-wall biological associations of some southern fiords of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 8 (2): 209 - 227. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1981.10427963" type="journal article" year="1981">
Grange
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B50C5C5CD3E820E2CAF7F87A" box="[665,726,1961,1987]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
1981: 211–212
</bibRefCitation>
, 214, 216, 224, figs 2, 4. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94BE2B50C5C5CD58520E1C98BF850" author="Westerskov K. &amp; Probert K." pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref38904" refString="Westerskov K. &amp; Probert K. 1981. The Seas around New Zealand. Reed, Wellington." type="book" year="1981">
Westerskov &amp; Probert
<quantity id="4C909BF6B50C5C5CD01E2087C98BF850" box="[367,426,1999,2025]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.03174" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="in" value="1981.0">1981</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
in part: 111, pl. 28. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94BE2B50C5C5CD3B12087CBC5F850" author="Goldberg W. M. &amp; Grange K. R. &amp; Taylor G. T. &amp; Zuniga A. L." box="[704,996,1999,2025]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="96 - 104" refId="ref34801" refString="Goldberg W. M., Grange K. R., Taylor G. T. &amp; Zuniga A. L. 1990. The structure of sweeper tentacles in the black coral Antipathes fiordensis. The Biological Bulletin 179 (1): 96 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1541743" type="journal article" year="1990">
Goldberg
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B50C5C5CD2472098CB50F850" box="[822,881,1999,2025]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
1990: 99
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 4. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94BE2B50C5C5CD5122087CD61F850" author="Grange K. R. &amp; Watson J. &amp; Cook S. D. C. &amp; Barnett T. J. &amp; Brook F. J. &amp; Cairns S. D." box="[1123,1344,1999,2025]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="137 - 247" refId="ref34929" refString="Grange K. R., Watson J., Cook S. D. C., Barnett T. J., Brook F. J. &amp; Cairns S. D. 2010. Phylum Cnidaria. In: Cook S. D. C. (ed.) New Zealand Coastal Marine Invertebrates 1: 137 - 247. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch." type="journal article" year="2010">
Grange
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B50C5C5CD5B02098CCDCF850" box="[1217,1277,1999,2025]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C909BF6B50C5C5CD4742087CD61F850" box="[1285,1344,1999,2025]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1053999999999995" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="in" value="2010.0">2010</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
in part: 148.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3726598B5035C53D1922666CD0DFDBA" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5035C53D1922666C97DFEF1" blockId="56.[227,348,302,328]" box="[227,348,302,328]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<heading id="D09F817FB5035C53D1922666C97DFEF1" bold="true" box="[227,348,302,328]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5035C53D1922666C97DFEF1" bold="true" box="[227,348,302,328]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5035C53D1922615CD0DFDBA" blockId="56.[226,1437,349,515]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Colonies encrusting, red to orange with white polyps. Collaret and points bright orange and composed of slender, often flattened, warty to spiny spindles and thorny clubs. Tentacles contain irregular, warty, scale-like sclerites. Polyp neck contains warty rod- and spindle-like sclerites. Polyp mounds contain similar warty rod-like and spindle-like sclerites, which grade into clubs and irregularly branched forms. Surface contains warty radiates and spindle-like forms. The interior contains similar sclerites.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3726598B5035C53D1922562CBEAFD2C" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5035C53D1922562C94BFDFD" blockId="56.[227,362,554,580]" box="[227,362,554,580]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<heading id="D09F817FB5035C53D1922562C94BFDFD" bold="true" box="[227,362,554,580]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5035C53D1922562C94BFDFD" bold="true" box="[227,362,554,580]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5035C53D1922510CBEAFD2C" blockId="56.[227,1436,600,662]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
The species name is the Latin ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5035C53D3262511CA8DFDCA" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[599,684,601,627]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Ushanaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fervens">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5035C53D3262511CA8DFDCA" box="[599,684,601,627]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">fervens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’, meaning ‘red-hot’ or ‘burning’ and referring to the flame-like red and orange colour combination of the examined specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3726598B5035C53D19225F4CA5DFA47" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5035C53D19225F4C9F1FD6F" blockId="56.[227,464,700,726]" box="[227,464,700,726]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<heading id="D09F817FB5035C53D19225F4C9F1FD6F" bold="true" box="[227,464,700,726]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5035C53D19225F4C9F1FD6F" bold="true" box="[227,464,700,726]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5035C53D06125A3CC2BFCF5" blockId="56.[227,1436,747,844]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<materialsCitation id="3B003C4EB5035C53D06125A3CC2BFCF5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3909203378" accessionNumber="Z17956" collectingDate="2018-01-16" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Te Puaitaha &amp; Kinsey" country="New Zealand" county="Sunday Cove" elevation="4" latitude="-45.5952" location="Fiordland" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="166.7422" municipality="Breaksea Sound" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCode="NIWA 156311" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5035C53D06125A3C9A3FCBC" bold="true" box="[272,386,747,773]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B5035C53D06125A3C9A3FCBC" box="[272,386,747,773]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F37F7683B5035C53D1922447C999FC91" box="[227,440,782,809]" name="New Zealand" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">NEW ZEALAND</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5035C53D0B32446C9EDFC91" bold="true" box="[450,460,782,808]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">•</emphasis>
<location id="8EB760C8B5035C53D0A42446CA6BFC91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18705B50C5C56D30B2198CAB2FDC1:8EB760C8B5035C53D0A42446CA6BFC91" box="[469,586,782,808]" country="New Zealand" county="Sunday Cove" latitude="-45.5952" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="166.7422" municipality="Breaksea Sound" name="Fiordland" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fiordland</location>
,
<collectorName id="269D53C5B5035C53D3262447CAC3FC91" box="[599,738,782,809]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<location id="8EB760C8B5035C53D3262447CAC3FC91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18705B50C5C56D30B2198CAB2FDC1:8EB760C8B5035C53D3262447CAC3FC91" box="[599,738,782,809]" country="New Zealand" county="Sunday Cove" latitude="-45.5952" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="166.7422" municipality="Breaksea Sound" name="Te Puaitaha" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Te Puaitaha</location>
</collectorName>
/
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB3AC69B5035C53D39A2446CB8CFC91" box="[747,941,782,808]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Breaksea Sound</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62B64E9FB5035C53D2CB2446CC7CFC91" box="[954,1117,782,808]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Sunday Cove</collectingCounty>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B5035C53D51B2446CCD0FC91" box="[1130,1265,782,809]" degrees="45.5952" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" precision="5" value="-45.5952">45.5952° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B5035C53D58E2446CDB6FC90" box="[1279,1431,782,809]" degrees="166.7422" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" precision="5" value="166.7422">166.7422° E</geoCoordinate>
; depth
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5035C53D05C2479C97CFCF5" box="[301,349,817,844]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="4.0">
<elevation id="0045D120B5035C53D05C2479C97CFCF5" box="[301,349,817,844]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FFD610D3B5035C53D0182479CA23FCF2" box="[361,514,817,844]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2018-01-16">
<collectingDate id="EF92E93BB5035C53D0182479CA23FCF2" box="[361,514,817,844]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2018-01-16">16 Jan. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectionCode id="ED79AED6B5035C53D37F247ACA04FCF5" box="[526,549,818,844]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="269D53C5B5035C53D3412479CAA2FCF2" box="[560,643,817,843]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Kinsey</collectorName>
leg.; stn Z17956;
<specimenCode id="DBCE9E68B5035C53D22B2479CC26FCF5" box="[858,1031,817,844]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 156311</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5035C53D061243BCB68FC4C" blockId="56.[225,1436,883,1014]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<materialsCitation id="3B003C4EB5035C53D061243BCCD1FC6A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3909203363" collectingDate="1981-03-30" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" county="Piopiotahi" elevation="25" latitude="-44.6183" location="Fiordland" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="167.8588" municipality="Milford Sound" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCode="NIWA 3970" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5035C53D061243BC9ACFC34" bold="true" box="[272,397,883,909]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B5035C53D061243BC9ACFC34" box="[272,397,883,909]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F37F7683B5035C53D19224DEC997FC09" box="[227,438,918,944]" name="New Zealand" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">NEW ZEALAND</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5035C53D0CC24DEC9E6FC09" bold="true" box="[445,455,918,944]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">•</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD9AB5035C53D0BF24DECA43FC16" box="[462,610,917,944]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
;
<location id="8EB760C8B5035C53D31C24DDCAC3FC16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18705B50C5C56D30B2198CAB2FDC1:8EB760C8B5035C53D31C24DDCAC3FC16" box="[621,738,917,943]" country="New Zealand" county="Piopiotahi" latitude="-44.6183" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="167.8588" municipality="Milford Sound" name="Fiordland" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fiordland</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB3AC69B5035C53D39C24DDCBBBFC16" box="[749,922,917,943]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Milford Sound</collectingMunicipality>
/
<collectingCounty id="62B64E9FB5035C53D2D224DDCC3EFC16" box="[931,1055,917,943]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Piopiotahi</collectingCounty>
;
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B5035C53D5CB24DDCD6EFC09" box="[1210,1359,917,944]" degrees="167.8588" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" precision="5" value="167.8588">167.8588° E</geoCoordinate>
; depth
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5035C53D19324F0C93EFC6A" box="[226,287,952,979]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="25.0">
<elevation id="0045D120B5035C53D19324F0C93EFC6A" box="[226,287,952,979]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FFD610D3B5035C53D05B24F1C9E7FC6A" box="[298,454,953,979]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1981-03-30">
<collectingDate id="EF92E93BB5035C53D05B24F1C9E7FC6A" box="[298,454,953,979]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1981-03-30">30 Mar. 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
; New Zealand Oceanographic Institute exped.; stn M773;
<specimenCode id="DBCE9E68B5035C53D51424F1CCD1FC6A" box="[1125,1264,953,979]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 3970</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B003C4EB5035C53D47724F1CB64FC4C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3909203387" accessionNumber="Z17956" collectingDate="2018-01-16" collectionCode="NIWA" collectorName="Te Puaitaha &amp; Kinsey" country="New Zealand" county="Sunday Cove" elevation="4" latitude="-45.5952" location="Fiordland" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="166.7422" municipality="Breaksea Sound" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCode="NIWA 126412" specimenCount="4" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD9AB5035C53D47724F1CDB9FC6B" box="[1286,1432,952,979]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for holotype;
<specimenCode id="DBCE9E68B5035C53D3E62494CB64FC4C" box="[663,837,987,1014]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 126412</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5035C53D0612355CA26FB8E" blockId="56.[225,1437,1053,1535]" box="[272,519,1053,1079]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5035C53D0612355CA26FB8E" bold="true" box="[272,519,1053,1079]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Additional material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5035C53D1922308CA5DFA47" blockId="56.[225,1437,1053,1535]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<materialsCitation id="3B003C4EB5035C53D1922308CCC6FBC4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3909203327" accessionNumber="WLG31205" collectingDate="2020-07-20" collectionCode="NIWA" collectorName="Fiordland" country="New Zealand" latitude="-41.2547" location="Sorrento Bay" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="174.9012" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCode="MITS 75304" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wellington">
<collectingCountry id="F37F7683B5035C53D1922308C996FBE3" box="[227,439,1088,1114]" name="New Zealand" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">NEW ZEALAND</collectingCountry>
–
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5035C53D0A42308CA51FBE3" bold="true" box="[469,624,1088,1114]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<collectingRegion id="49ACF8F1B5035C53D0A42308CA7FFBE3" box="[469,606,1088,1114]" country="New Zealand" name="Wellington" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Wellington</collectingRegion>
•
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD9AB5035C53D3092308CB20FBE3" box="[632,769,1088,1114]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
;
<location id="8EB760C8B5035C53D27C2308CB8BFBE3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18705B50C5C56D30B2198CAB2FDC1:8EB760C8B5035C53D27C2308CB8BFBE3" box="[781,938,1088,1114]" country="New Zealand" latitude="-41.2547" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="174.9012" name="Sorrento Bay" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" stateProvince="Wellington">Sorrento Bay</location>
, on wharf piles;
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B5035C53D51E2308CCD2FBE3" box="[1135,1267,1088,1115]" degrees="41.2547" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" precision="5" value="-41.2547">41.2547° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B5035C53D4702308CDB6FBE3" box="[1281,1431,1088,1114]" degrees="174.9012" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" precision="5" value="174.9012">174.9012° E</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="FFD610D3B5035C53D192232BC9A0FBC4" box="[227,385,1123,1149]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2020-07-20">
<collectingDate id="EF92E93BB5035C53D192232BC9A0FBC4" box="[227,385,1123,1149]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2020-07-20">20 Jul. 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectionCode id="ED79AED6B5035C53D0E2232BC9FFFBC4" box="[403,478,1123,1149]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
exped.; stn WLG31205-SF;
<collectionCode id="ED79AED6B5035C53D237232BCBB0FBC4" box="[838,913,1123,1149]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBCE9E68B5035C53D2EF232BCC1FFBC7" box="[926,1086,1123,1150]" collectionCode="MITS" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">MITS 75304</specimenCode>
. –
<collectorName id="269D53C5B5035C53D518232BCCC6FBC4" box="[1129,1255,1123,1149]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5035C53D518232BCCC6FBC4" bold="true" box="[1129,1255,1123,1149]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fiordland</emphasis>
</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5035C53D582232BCCDCFBC4" bold="true" box="[1267,1277,1123,1149]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">•</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B003C4EB5035C53D47B232BC9B0FB7D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3909203368" accessionNumber="Z10091" collectingDate="1996-09-02" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" elevation="20" latitude="-44.5833" location="Piopiotahi" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="167.7833" municipality="Milford Sound" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCode="NIWA 154128" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wellington">
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD9AB5035C53D47B232BCDB9FBC4" box="[1290,1432,1123,1149]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
;
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB3AC69B5035C53D19223CEC9B0FB19" box="[227,401,1158,1184]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Milford Sound</collectingMunicipality>
/
<location id="8EB760C8B5035C53D0EB23CECA37FB19" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18705B50C5C56D30B2198CAB2FDC1:8EB760C8B5035C53D0EB23CECA37FB19" box="[410,534,1158,1184]" country="New Zealand" latitude="-44.5833" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="167.7833" municipality="Milford Sound" name="Piopiotahi" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" stateProvince="Wellington">Piopiotahi</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B5035C53D35023CECA87FB19" box="[545,678,1158,1185]" degrees="44.5833" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" precision="5" value="-44.5833">44.5833° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B5035C53D3C223CECB66FB19" box="[691,839,1158,1184]" degrees="167.7833" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" precision="5" value="167.7833">167.7833° E</geoCoordinate>
(estimated); depth
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5035C53D55A23CECC4BFB19" box="[1067,1130,1158,1184]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="20.0">
<elevation id="0045D120B5035C53D55A23CECC4BFB19" box="[1067,1130,1158,1184]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FFD610D3B5035C53D50723CECD23FB19" box="[1142,1282,1158,1184]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1996-09-02">
<collectingDate id="EF92E93BB5035C53D50723CECD23FB19" box="[1142,1282,1158,1184]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1996-09-02">2 Sep. 1996</collectingDate>
</date>
; stn
<accessionNumber id="943BABF0B5035C53D44823CECDB6FB19" box="[1337,1431,1158,1184]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/Z10091" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="EnaNcbi">Z10091</accessionNumber>
;
<specimenCode id="DBCE9E68B5035C53D19223E1C9B0FB7D" box="[227,401,1193,1220]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 154128</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B003C4EB5035C53D0C023E1C918FAB0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3909203329" collectingDate="1981-03-29" collectionCode="NIWA" collectorName="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute" country="New Zealand" elevation="27" latitude="-44.6033" location="Piopiotahi" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="167.8288" municipality="Milford Sound" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCode="NIWA 142996" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Wellington">
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD9AB5035C53D0C023E1CA64FB7A" box="[433,581,1193,1219]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
(and several small fragments);
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB3AC69B5035C53D2BB23E1CC5AFB7A" box="[970,1147,1193,1219]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Milford Sound</collectingMunicipality>
/
<location id="8EB760C8B5035C53D5F523E1CD21FB7A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18705B50C5C56D30B2198CAB2FDC1:8EB760C8B5035C53D5F523E1CD21FB7A" box="[1156,1280,1193,1219]" country="New Zealand" latitude="-44.6033" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="167.8288" municipality="Milford Sound" name="Piopiotahi" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" stateProvince="Wellington">Piopiotahi</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B5035C53D47E23E1CDB6FB7A" box="[1295,1431,1193,1219]" degrees="44.6033" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" precision="5" value="-44.6033">44.6033° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B5035C53D1922384C956FB5E" box="[227,375,1228,1255]" degrees="167.8288" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" precision="5" value="167.8288">167.8288° E</geoCoordinate>
; depth
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5035C53D0BB2384CA26FB5E" box="[458,519,1228,1255]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="27.0">
<elevation id="0045D120B5035C53D0BB2384CA26FB5E" box="[458,519,1228,1255]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="27.0">27 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FFD610D3B5035C53D3632384CA8EFB5F" box="[530,687,1228,1255]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1981-03-29">
<collectingDate id="EF92E93BB5035C53D3632384CA8EFB5F" box="[530,687,1228,1255]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1981-03-29">29 Mar. 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="269D53C5B5035C53D3CB2385CC52FB5F" box="[698,1139,1228,1255]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">New Zealand Oceanographic Institute</collectorName>
exped.; stn M763;
<specimenCode id="DBCE9E68B5035C53D4202384C918FAB0" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 142996</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B003C4EB5035C53D02123A7CBAAFA95" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3909203371" collectingDate="2003-06-16" collectionCode="MAGNT" collectorName="K. Gowlett-Holmes" country="New Zealand" county="Milford Sound" elevation="13" location="Harrison Cove" municipality="Piopiotahi" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCode="C014322" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Wellington">
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD9AB5035C53D02123A7C9C2FAB0" box="[336,483,1263,1289]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
;
<collectingCounty id="62B64E9FB5035C53D09F23A7CABBFAB0" box="[494,666,1263,1289]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Milford Sound</collectingCounty>
/
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB3AC69B5035C53D3D223A7CB3FFAB0" box="[675,798,1263,1289]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Piopiotahi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EB760C8B5035C53D25923A7CBF7FAB0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18705B50C5C56D30B2198CAB2FDC1:8EB760C8B5035C53D25923A7CBF7FAB0" box="[808,982,1263,1289]" country="New Zealand" county="Milford Sound" municipality="Piopiotahi" name="Harrison Cove" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" stateProvince="Wellington">Harrison Cove</location>
,
<location id="8EB760C8B5035C53D29023A7CD26FAB0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18705B50C5C56D30B2198CAB2FDC1:8EB760C8B5035C53D29023A7CD26FAB0" box="[993,1287,1263,1289]" country="New Zealand" county="Milford Sound" municipality="Piopiotahi" name="Underwater Observatory" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" stateProvince="Wellington">Underwater Observatory</location>
; depth
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5035C53D42923A7CDB7FAB3" box="[1368,1430,1263,1290]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="13.0">
<elevation id="0045D120B5035C53D42923A7CDB7FAB3" box="[1368,1430,1263,1290]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="13.0">13 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FFD610D3B5035C53D193225AC95AFA95" box="[226,379,1298,1325]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2003-06-16">
<collectingDate id="EF92E93BB5035C53D193225AC95AFA95" box="[226,379,1298,1325]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2003-06-16">16 Jun. 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="269D53C5B5035C53D0F7225BCA4CFA95" box="[390,621,1298,1325]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">K. Gowlett-Holmes</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED79AED6B5035C53D3DF225ACB38FA95" box="[686,793,1298,1324]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" name="Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Museum">MAGNT</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBCE9E68B5035C53D26E225ACBAAFA95" box="[799,907,1298,1324]" collectionCode="MAGNT" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" name="Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Museum">C014322</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B003C4EB5035C53D2D2225ACBF3FACB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3909203360" collectingDate="1991-04-18" collectionCode="NIWA" collectorName="Chris N. Battershill &amp; National Cancer Institute" country="New Zealand" elevation="30" latitude="-45.0033" location="Caswell Sound" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="167.1567" municipality="Taitetimu" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCode="NIWA 17099" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Wellington">
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD9AB5035C53D2D2225ACC13FA95" box="[931,1074,1298,1324]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
(and several small fragments);
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB3AC69B5035C53D193227DC974FAF6" box="[226,341,1333,1359]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Taitetimu</collectingMunicipality>
/
<location id="8EB760C8B5035C53D02F227DCA2EFAF6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18705B50C5C56D30B2198CAB2FDC1:8EB760C8B5035C53D02F227DCA2EFAF6" box="[350,527,1333,1359]" country="New Zealand" latitude="-45.0033" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="167.1567" municipality="Taitetimu" name="Caswell Sound" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" stateProvince="Wellington">Caswell Sound</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B5035C53D36B227DCABFFAF6" box="[538,670,1333,1360]" degrees="45.0033" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" precision="5" value="-45.0033">45.0033° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B5035C53D3DA227DCB61FAE9" box="[683,832,1333,1360]" degrees="167.1567" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" precision="5" value="167.1567">167.1567° E</geoCoordinate>
; depth
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5035C53D2E4227DCBF2FAE9" box="[917,979,1333,1360]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="30.0">
<elevation id="0045D120B5035C53D2E4227DCBF2FAE9" box="[917,979,1333,1360]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FFD610D3B5035C53D2AE227DCC5BFAF6" box="[991,1146,1333,1359]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1991-04-18">
<collectingDate id="EF92E93BB5035C53D2AE227DCC5BFAF6" box="[991,1146,1333,1359]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1991-04-18">18 Apr. 1991</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="269D53C5B5035C53D5F7227DCD4BFAF6" box="[1158,1386,1333,1360]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Chris N. Battershill</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="269D53C5B5035C53D1932210CA31FACB" box="[226,528,1368,1394]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">National Cancer Institute</collectorName>
leg.; stn Q66C/Z7552;
<specimenCode id="DBCE9E68B5035C53D2422210CBF3FACB" box="[819,978,1368,1394]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 17099</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B003C4EB5035C53D2832210CCE5FA2C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3909203382" collectingDate="2003-06-19" collectionCode="MAGNT" collectorName="K. Gowlett-Holmes" country="New Zealand" elevation="13" location="Deep Cove" municipality="Doubtful Sound" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCode="C014323" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wellington">
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD9AB5035C53D2832210CC5FFACB" box="[1010,1150,1368,1394]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
;
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB3AC69B5035C53D5FD2210CD6EFACB" box="[1164,1359,1368,1394]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Doubtful Sound</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EB760C8B5035C53D42F2211C904FA2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18705B50C5C56D30B2198CAB2FDC1:8EB760C8B5035C53D42F2211C904FA2C" country="New Zealand" municipality="Doubtful Sound" name="Deep Cove" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" stateProvince="Wellington">Deep Cove</location>
; depth
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5035C53D0F12233C9CFFA2F" box="[384,494,1403,1430]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">
<elevation id="0045D120B5035C53D0F12233C9CFFA2F" box="[384,494,1403,1430]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12–14 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FFD610D3B5035C53D08F2233CABEFA2C" box="[510,671,1403,1430]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2003-06-19">
<collectingDate id="EF92E93BB5035C53D08F2233CABEFA2C" box="[510,671,1403,1430]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2003-06-19">19 Jun. 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="269D53C5B5035C53D3DE2234CBBBFA2C" box="[687,922,1403,1430]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">K. Gowlett-Holmes</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED79AED6B5035C53D2922233CC6FFA2C" box="[995,1102,1403,1429]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" name="Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Museum">MAGNT</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBCE9E68B5035C53D5282233CCE5FA2C" box="[1113,1220,1403,1429]" collectionCode="MAGNT" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" name="Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Museum">C014323</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B003C4EB5035C53D5942233C9E0FA62" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3909203341" collectingDate="1999-11-21" collectionCode="MAGNT" collectorName="Te Puaitaha &amp; M. S. Roy" country="New Zealand" latitude="-45.525" location="Vancouver Arm" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="166.925" municipality="Breaksea Sound" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCode="C014989" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wellington">
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD9AB5035C53D5942233CD50FA2C" box="[1253,1393,1403,1429]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
;
<collectorName id="269D53C5B5035C53D40E2234C969FA01" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Te Puaitaha</collectorName>
/
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB3AC69B5035C53D02022D6CA35FA01" box="[337,532,1438,1464]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Breaksea Sound</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EB760C8B5035C53D35322D7CAC2FA01" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18705B50C5C56D30B2198CAB2FDC1:8EB760C8B5035C53D35322D7CAC2FA01" box="[546,739,1438,1465]" country="New Zealand" latitude="-45.525" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="166.925" municipality="Breaksea Sound" name="Vancouver Arm" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" stateProvince="Wellington">Vancouver Arm</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B5035C53D38022D6CB58FA01" box="[753,889,1438,1465]" degrees="45.5250" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" precision="5" value="-45.525">45.5250° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B5035C53D2F822D6CC03FA00" box="[905,1058,1438,1465]" degrees="166.9250" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" precision="5" value="166.925">166.9250° E</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="FFD610D3B5035C53D54322D6CCFBFA01" box="[1074,1242,1438,1465]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1999-11-21">
<collectingDate id="EF92E93BB5035C53D54322D6CCFBFA01" box="[1074,1242,1438,1465]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1999-11-21">21 Nov. 1999</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="269D53C5B5035C53D59B22D6CD7FFA00" box="[1258,1374,1438,1465]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">M.S. Roy</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED79AED6B5035C53D1922289C96FFA62" box="[227,334,1473,1499]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" name="Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Museum">MAGNT</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBCE9E68B5035C53D0242289C9E0FA62" box="[341,449,1473,1499]" collectionCode="MAGNT" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" name="Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Museum">C014989</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B003C4EB5035C53D0AB2289CA59FA47" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3909203343" collectingDate="1999-11-21" collectionCode="MAGNT" collectorName="M. S. Roy" country="New Zealand" latitude="-45.6667" location="Moana Uta" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="166.7333" municipality="Wet Jacket Arm" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCode="C014988" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wellington">
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD9AB5035C53D0AB2289CA42FA62" box="[474,611,1473,1499]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
;
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB3AC69B5035C53D31F228ACB08FA62" box="[622,809,1473,1500]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Wet Jacket Arm</collectingMunicipality>
/
<location id="8EB760C8B5035C53D2432289CB99FA65" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18705B50C5C56D30B2198CAB2FDC1:8EB760C8B5035C53D2432289CB99FA65" box="[818,952,1473,1500]" country="New Zealand" latitude="-45.6667" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="166.7333" municipality="Wet Jacket Arm" name="Moana Uta" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" stateProvince="Wellington">Moana Uta</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B5035C53D2B52289CC69FA62" box="[964,1096,1473,1500]" degrees="45.6667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" precision="5" value="-45.6667">45.6667° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B5035C53D5272289CCCDFA65" box="[1110,1260,1473,1500]" degrees="166.7333" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" precision="5" value="166.7333">166.7333° E</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="FFD610D3B5035C53D5892289CDB6FA62" box="[1272,1431,1473,1500]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1999-11-21">
<collectingDate id="EF92E93BB5035C53D5892289CDB6FA62" box="[1272,1431,1473,1500]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1999-11-21">21 Nov. 1999</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="269D53C5B5035C53D19222ACC975FA46" box="[227,340,1508,1535]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">M.S. Roy</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED79AED6B5035C53D0E722ACCA20FA47" box="[406,513,1508,1534]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" name="Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Museum">MAGNT</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBCE9E68B5035C53D37822ACCA59FA47" box="[521,632,1508,1534]" collectionCode="MAGNT" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" name="Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="Museum">C014988</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3726598B5035C57D192216DC9CDFE40" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5035C53D192216DCA8CF9F9" blockId="56.[227,685,1573,1600]" box="[227,685,1573,1600]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5035C53D192216DC955F986" bold="true" box="[227,372,1573,1599]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Description</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B5035C53D0F2216DC9CFF986" box="[387,494,1573,1599]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, NIWA 156311)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5035C53D061211CC98EF9D7" blockId="56.[227,1437,1620,1927]" box="[272,431,1620,1646]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5035C53D061211CC98EF9D7" bold="true" box="[272,431,1620,1646]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Colony form</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5035C53D192213FCA29F83F" blockId="56.[227,1437,1620,1927]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
The
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B5035C53D069213FC95EF928" box="[280,383,1655,1681]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
consists of a colony that measures ~
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5035C53D243213FCB4CF92B" box="[818,877,1655,1682]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
by ~
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5035C53D2DA213FCBC4F92B" box="[939,997,1655,1682]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
and up to ~
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5035C53D505213FCC99F92B" box="[1140,1208,1655,1682]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
thick, and encrusts a sponge fragment (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5035C53D0AA21D2CA71F90D" box="[475,592,1690,1716]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="52.[227,270,1898,1924]" captionTargetBox="[230,1433,302,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-63@52.[230,1433,302,1841]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Fig. 28. Selected preserved specimens. A. Ushanaia ferruginea gen. et sp. nov. B. U. fervens gen. et sp. nov. C. U. solida gen. et sp. nov. Note that most specimen lots include additional fragments that are not depicted. * = holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084512/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figs 28B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5035C53D31021D2CAA0F90D" box="[609,641,1690,1716]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[227,270,1968,1994]" captionTargetBox="[230,1433,1128,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-315@57.[230,1433,1128,1931]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 31. In situ photographs of Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov. A–B. Encrusting on black coral (uncollected specimen), Fiordland, photos by Richard Kinsey.C. Small colonies (uncollected specimens), Fiordland, photo by Ian Skipworth (ianskipworth.com). Scale bars = ~2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084518/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">31</figureCitation>
). The
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B5035C53D3A721D2CB1CF90D" box="[726,829,1690,1716]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(ethanol-preserved) is dark red, fading to lighter shades of red or orange towards its edges or at thinner sections. Polyps are irregularly spaced, tending to concentrate towards the thicker, fleshier parts of the colony but also occasionally emerge from very thin sections. Polyps are white and
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5035C53D3F4204BCACEF8A7" box="[645,751,1795,1822]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
to
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5035C53D264204BCB7BF8A7" box="[789,858,1795,1822]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
tall when expanded. Larger polyps tend to occur on thicker sections of the colony. The collaret and point sclerites are bright orange, contrasting against the white flesh of the polyps and the sometimes darker red or orange colour of the rest of the colony (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5035C53D19A2024C94DF83E" box="[235,364,1900,1927]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[227,270,1719,1745]" captionTargetBox="[301,1361,302,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-185@9.[301,1361,302,1693]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 2. Polyps. A. Kotatea amicispongia gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156312). B. K. aurantiaca gen. et comb. nov. (NIWA 75330). C. K. kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974). D. K. kurakootingotingo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 101538). E. K. kurakootingotingo gen. et sp. nov., paratype, small polyp with coloured collaret and points (MAGNT C015221). F. K. lobata gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 101313). G. K. niwa gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MAGNT C015226). H. K. raekura gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 101537). I. Ushanaia ferruginea gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156313). J. U. fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311). K. U. solida gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 102133). L. K. aurantiaca gen. et comb. nov., in situ (uncollected specimen), Poor Knights Islands, photo by Ian Skipworth (ianskipworth.com). M. U. fervens gen. et sp. nov., in situ (uncollected specimen), Fiordland, photo by Shane Geange. Scale bars = ~1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084450/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figs 2J, M</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5035C53D0092024C9B9F83F" box="[376,408,1900,1926]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="53.[227,270,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[230,1433,475,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-107@53.[230,1433,475,1956]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Fig. 29. Ushanaia ferruginea gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156313), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Tentacles. C. Polyp neck. D. Polyp mound. E. Polyps (in situ)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084514/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">29</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5035C53D0D52024C9DDF83F" box="[420,508,1900,1926]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[227,270,1968,1994]" captionTargetBox="[230,1433,1128,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-315@57.[230,1433,1128,1931]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 31. In situ photographs of Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov. A–B. Encrusting on black coral (uncollected specimen), Fiordland, photos by Richard Kinsey.C. Small colonies (uncollected specimens), Fiordland, photo by Ian Skipworth (ianskipworth.com). Scale bars = ~2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084518/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">31B–C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5035C53D06120E5C95BF87E" blockId="56.[227,1436,1965,2063]" box="[272,378,1965,1991]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5035C53D06120E5C95BF87E" bold="true" box="[272,378,1965,1991]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Sclerites</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5035C52D1922098CD6BFD3F" blockId="56.[227,1436,1965,2063]" lastBlockId="57.[225,1439,303,646]" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
Points are composed of slender, warty to spiny spindles (~
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5035C53D2082099CC26F852" box="[889,1031,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 mm</quantity>
long), many of which are flattened, and thorny clubs are present distally (~
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5035C53D3B120BCCB53F7B6" box="[704,882,2036,2063]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.22" valueMax="0.32" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.32 mm</quantity>
long) (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5035C53D2BF20BCCC42F7B7" box="[974,1123,2036,2062]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[227,270,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[261,1402,303,1961]" captionTargetId="figure-49@58.[261,1402,303,1961]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 32. Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084520/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 32A–B</figureCitation>
). Proximally, the spindles become larger and more crescentic (~
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5025C52D3D72667CB76FEF0" box="[678,855,303,329]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="0.2" valueMax="0.28" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.28 mm</quantity>
long), transitioning into a transverse orientation and merging with the collaret, which is seven to ten rows deep (~
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5025C52D291261ACCA1FED5" box="[992,1152,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="0.375" valueMax="0.55" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.55 mm</quantity>
long) (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5025C52D5A4261ACD77FED5" box="[1237,1366,338,364]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[227,270,1719,1745]" captionTargetBox="[301,1361,302,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-185@9.[301,1361,302,1693]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 2. Polyps. A. Kotatea amicispongia gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156312). B. K. aurantiaca gen. et comb. nov. (NIWA 75330). C. K. kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974). D. K. kurakootingotingo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 101538). E. K. kurakootingotingo gen. et sp. nov., paratype, small polyp with coloured collaret and points (MAGNT C015221). F. K. lobata gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 101313). G. K. niwa gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MAGNT C015226). H. K. raekura gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 101537). I. Ushanaia ferruginea gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156313). J. U. fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311). K. U. solida gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 102133). L. K. aurantiaca gen. et comb. nov., in situ (uncollected specimen), Poor Knights Islands, photo by Ian Skipworth (ianskipworth.com). M. U. fervens gen. et sp. nov., in situ (uncollected specimen), Fiordland, photo by Shane Geange. Scale bars = ~1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084450/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figs 2J, M</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5025C52D413261ACDB9FED5" box="[1378,1432,338,364]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[227,270,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[261,1402,303,1961]" captionTargetId="figure-49@58.[261,1402,303,1961]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 32. Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084520/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">32A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5025C52D192263DC93AFE36" box="[227,283,373,399]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[227,270,1999,2025]" captionTargetBox="[230,1433,1152,1965]" captionTargetId="figure-301@60.[230,1433,1152,1965]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 34. SEMs of sclerites from polyps (in situ). A. Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311). B. U. solida gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 102133)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084524/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">34A</figureCitation>
). The tentacles contain irregular, warty, scale-like forms, often slightly crescentic (~
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5025C52D47A263DCDBCFE29" box="[1291,1437,373,400]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="0.2" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.3 mm</quantity>
long) (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5025C52D04426D0C982FE0B" box="[309,419,408,434]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[227,270,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[261,1402,303,1961]" captionTargetId="figure-49@58.[261,1402,303,1961]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 32. Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084520/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 32C</figureCitation>
). The polyp neck contains warty rod- and spindle-like sclerites (~
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5025C52D5C626D0CD79FE0A" box="[1207,1368,408,435]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="0.16" valueMax="0.22" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.22 mm</quantity>
long) (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5025C52D19F26F3C97CFE6F" box="[238,349,443,470]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[227,270,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[261,1402,303,1961]" captionTargetId="figure-49@58.[261,1402,303,1961]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 32. Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084520/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 32D</figureCitation>
). Close to the polyp neck, polyp mounds also contain abundant warty rod-like and spindlelike forms (~
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5025C52D0092697CA04FE40" box="[376,549,479,505]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="0.12" valueMax="0.16" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.16 mm</quantity>
long), which grade into clubs and a few irregularly branched forms (~
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5025C52D4262697C96BFDA5" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="0.13" valueMax="0.18" valueMin="0.08">0.08– 0.18 mm</quantity>
long) further away from the polyp (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5025C52D396254ACB75FDA5" box="[743,852,514,540]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[227,270,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[253,1411,304,1969]" captionTargetId="figure-47@59.[253,1411,304,1969]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 33. Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311), SEMs of sclerites. A. Polyp mound. B. Surface (of thick, fleshy areas of colony). C. Interior (of thick, fleshy areas of colony)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084522/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 33A</figureCitation>
). The surface between polyp mounds is dominated by warty radiates and spindle-like forms (~
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5025C52D3A6256DCB57FDF9" box="[727,886,549,576]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="0.14" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.2 mm</quantity>
long) (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5025C52D2BA256DCC16FD86" box="[971,1079,549,575]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[227,270,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[253,1411,304,1969]" captionTargetId="figure-47@59.[253,1411,304,1969]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 33. Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311), SEMs of sclerites. A. Polyp mound. B. Surface (of thick, fleshy areas of colony). C. Interior (of thick, fleshy areas of colony)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084522/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 33B</figureCitation>
). Similar radiates and spindlelike forms are found in the interior of the thick, fleshy areas of the colony, although here they tend to be smaller (~
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5025C52D0262523CA24FD3F" box="[343,517,619,646]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="0.11" valueMax="0.16" valueMin="0.06">0.06–0.16 mm</quantity>
long), less variable in shape and more sparsely ornamented (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5025C52D5A02523CD1DFD3F" box="[1233,1340,619,646]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[227,270,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[253,1411,304,1969]" captionTargetId="figure-47@59.[253,1411,304,1969]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 33. Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311), SEMs of sclerites. A. Polyp mound. B. Surface (of thick, fleshy areas of colony). C. Interior (of thick, fleshy areas of colony)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084522/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 33C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5025C52D19225E5C948FD7E" blockId="57.[227,361,685,711]" box="[227,361,685,711]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<heading id="D09F817FB5025C52D19225E5C948FD7E" bold="true" box="[227,361,685,711]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5025C52D19225E5C948FD7E" bold="true" box="[227,361,685,711]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Variability</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5025C52D1922593CA9CFC1F" blockId="57.[226,1437,731,934]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
Preserved specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5025C52D37D2593CAFFFD4F" authority="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[524,734,731,758]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Ushanaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fervens" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5025C52D37D2593CAFFFD4F" box="[524,734,731,758]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ushanaia fervens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5025C52D3982594CB87FD4F" box="[745,934,732,758]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
are somewhat variable in overall colony colour, ranging from the dark red seen in the
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B5025C52D39C25B7CB75FCA0" box="[749,852,767,793]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and NIWA MITS 75304, to lighter red and orange in the other specimens (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5025C52D08F246ACA4BFC85" box="[510,618,802,828]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="52.[227,270,1898,1924]" captionTargetBox="[230,1433,302,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-63@52.[230,1433,302,1841]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Fig. 28. Selected preserved specimens. A. Ushanaia ferruginea gen. et sp. nov. B. U. fervens gen. et sp. nov. C. U. solida gen. et sp. nov. Note that most specimen lots include additional fragments that are not depicted. * = holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084512/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 28B</figureCitation>
). All specimens are otherwise similar in growth form. All eleven lots are also very uniform in their sclerite compositions, with slight variations in size ranges representing the only appreciable difference between some individual colonies, but these always fall within the ranges described for the
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B5025C52D0C024C3CA39FC1C" box="[433,536,907,933]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5025C52D35624C3CA90FC1F" box="[551,689,907,934]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="58.[227,270,2000,2026]" captionStartId-1="59.[227,270,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox-0="[261,1402,303,1961]" captionTargetBox-1="[253,1411,304,1969]" captionTargetId-0="figure-49@58.[261,1402,303,1961]" captionTargetId-1="figure-47@59.[253,1411,304,1969]" captionTargetPageId-0="58" captionTargetPageId-1="59" captionText-0="Fig. 32. Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck." captionText-1="Fig. 33. Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311), SEMs of sclerites. A. Polyp mound. B. Surface (of thick, fleshy areas of colony). C. Interior (of thick, fleshy areas of colony)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084520" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084522" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7084520/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7084522/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figs 32–33</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5025C52D1922485C9A8FC5E" blockId="57.[227,393,973,999]" box="[227,393,973,999]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<heading id="D09F817FB5025C52D1922485C9A8FC5E" bold="true" box="[227,393,973,999]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5025C52D1922485C9A8FC5E" bold="true" box="[227,393,973,999]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Comparisons</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5025C57D19224B3C9CDFE40" blockId="57.[227,1217,1019,1046]" lastBlockId="60.[226,1436,303,505]" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
Differences to
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5025C52D0E024B3CAA7FBAF" authority="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[401,646,1019,1046]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Ushanaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ferruginea" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5025C52D0E024B3CAA7FBAF" box="[401,646,1019,1046]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ushanaia ferruginea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5025C52D3FC24B4CB1CFBAF" box="[653,829,1020,1046]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
are discussed under that species. Much like
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5075C57D0112667CA75FEF0" authority="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[352,596,303,329]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Ushanaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ferruginea" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5075C57D0112667CA75FEF0" box="[352,596,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ushanaia ferruginea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5075C57D32A2667CB2DFEF0" box="[603,780,303,329]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5075C57D2672678CBAFFEF0" authority="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[790,910,303,329]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Ushanaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fervens" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5075C57D2672678CBAFFEF0" box="[790,910,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">U. fervens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5075C57D2E42667CC62FEF0" box="[917,1091,303,329]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
clearly differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5075C57D4402678CDBDFEF0" authority="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[1329,1436,303,329]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Ushanaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="solida" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5075C57D4402678CDBDFEF0" box="[1329,1436,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">U. solida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5075C57D192261AC9B0FED5" box="[227,401,338,364]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in not forming fleshy lobes to the same extent as that species and in possessing polyps of around twice the size (up to
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5075C57D341263DCA55FE29" box="[560,628,373,400]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
vs up to
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5075C57D391263DCB06FE29" box="[736,807,373,400]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
;
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5075C57D242263DCBABFE36" box="[819,906,373,399]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[227,270,1999,2025]" captionTargetBox="[230,1433,1152,1965]" captionTargetId="figure-301@60.[230,1433,1152,1965]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 34. SEMs of sclerites from polyps (in situ). A. Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311). B. U. solida gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 102133)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084524/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5075C57D2EE263DCC4FFE36" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[927,1134,373,399]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Ushanaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fervens">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5075C57D2EE263DCC4FFE36" box="[927,1134,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ushanaia fervens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also lacks the distinctive, broad, flattened collaret and point sclerites found in
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5075C57D23126D1CB8AFE0B" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[832,939,408,434]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Ushanaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="solida">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5075C57D23126D1CB8AFE0B" box="[832,939,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">U. solida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(compare
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5075C57D55726D0CCB1FE0B" box="[1062,1168,408,434]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[227,270,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[261,1402,303,1961]" captionTargetId="figure-49@58.[261,1402,303,1961]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 32. Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084520/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figs 32A</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5075C57D5B626D0CCDFFE0A" box="[1223,1278,408,435]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[227,270,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[253,1412,306,1971]" captionTargetId="figure-50@62.[253,1412,306,1971]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 35. Ushanaia solida gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 102133), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Tentacles. C. Polyp neck. D. Distal points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084526/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">35A</figureCitation>
). Conversely,
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5075C57D19326F4C975FE6C" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[226,340,443,469]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Ushanaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="solida">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5075C57D19326F4C975FE6C" box="[226,340,443,469]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">U. solida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks the conspicuous, bright collaret and points colouration which is characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5075C57D19226A8C97DFE40" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[227,348,479,505]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Ushanaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fervens">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5075C57D19226A8C97DFE40" box="[227,348,479,505]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">U. fervens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF17669BB5025C52D19220F8CC7AF7A8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084518" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7084518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084518/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" startId="57.[227,270,1968,1994]" targetBox="[230,1433,1128,1931]" targetPageId="57">
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5025C52D19220F8CC7AF7A8" blockId="57.[224,1437,1968,2065]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5025C52D19220F8C965F873" bold="true" box="[227,324,1968,1994]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 31.</emphasis>
In situ photographs of
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5025C52D31C20F8CB61F872" authority="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[621,832,1968,1995]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Ushanaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fervens" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5025C52D31C20F8CB61F872" box="[621,832,1968,1995]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ushanaia fervens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5025C52D23D20F9CC2AF872" box="[844,1035,1969,1995]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5025C52D56720F8CC6FF873" bold="true" box="[1046,1102,1968,1994]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A–B</emphasis>
. Encrusting on black coral (uncollected specimen), Fiordland, photos by Richard Kinsey.
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5025C52D2D8209BCB9FF854" bold="true" box="[937,958,2003,2029]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">C</emphasis>
. Small colonies (uncollected specimens), Fiordland, photo by Ian Skipworth (ianskipworth.com). Scale bars = ~2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF17669BB5015C51D1922098CB6FF7B4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084520" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7084520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084520/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" startId="58.[227,270,2000,2026]" targetBox="[261,1402,303,1961]" targetPageId="58">
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5015C51D1922098CB6FF7B4" blockId="58.[226,1436,2000,2062]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5015C51D1922098C91FF853" bold="true" box="[227,318,2000,2026]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 32.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5015C51D0342098CA32F853" authority="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[325,531,2000,2026]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Ushanaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fervens" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5015C51D0342098CA32F853" box="[325,531,2000,2026]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ushanaia fervens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5015C51D3682099CAEBF852" box="[537,714,2001,2027]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype (NIWA 156311), SEMs of sclerites.
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5015C51D5982098CCDFF853" bold="true" box="[1257,1278,2000,2026]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A</emphasis>
. Collaret and points.
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5015C51D04820BBC96CF7B4" bold="true" box="[313,333,2035,2061]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">B</emphasis>
. Distal points.
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5015C51D08E20BBCA35F7B4" bold="true" box="[511,532,2035,2061]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C</emphasis>
. Tentacles.
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5015C51D3EE20BBCA95F7B4" bold="true" box="[671,692,2035,2061]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">D</emphasis>
. Polyp neck.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF17669BB5005C50D1922098CCDBF7B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084522" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7084522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084522/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" startId="59.[227,270,2000,2026]" targetBox="[253,1411,304,1969]" targetPageId="59">
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5005C50D1922098CCDBF7B7" blockId="59.[225,1437,2000,2062]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5005C50D1922098C91CF853" bold="true" box="[227,317,2000,2026]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 33.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5005C50D0322098CA2EF852" authority="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[323,527,2000,2027]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Ushanaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fervens" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5005C50D0322098CA2EF852" box="[323,527,2000,2027]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ushanaia fervens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5005C50D3652099CAE0F852" box="[532,705,2001,2027]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype (NIWA 156311), SEMs of sclerites.
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5005C50D5A72098CCCAF853" bold="true" box="[1238,1259,2000,2026]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">A</emphasis>
. Polyp mound.
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5005C50D19020BCC8D4F7B7" bold="true" box="[225,245,2036,2062]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">B</emphasis>
. Surface (of thick, fleshy areas of colony).
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5005C50D38320BBCB26F7B4" bold="true" box="[754,775,2035,2061]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">C</emphasis>
. Interior (of thick, fleshy areas of colony).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3726598B5075C57D1922557CDADFD75" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5075C57D1922557CA34FD80" blockId="60.[227,533,543,569]" box="[227,533,543,569]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<heading id="D09F817FB5075C57D1922557CA34FD80" bold="true" box="[227,533,543,569]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5075C57D1922557CA34FD80" bold="true" box="[227,533,543,569]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Habitat and distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5075C57D1922504CDADFD75" blockId="60.[224,1437,588,716]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
All specimens were collected in Fiordland, except NIWA MITS 75304, which was collected in
<collectingRegion id="49ACF8F1B5075C57D46A2504CDBCFDDF" box="[1307,1437,588,614]" country="New Zealand" name="Wellington" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Wellington</collectingRegion>
Harbour, and all specimens (for which a depth was recorded) were collected at shallow depths of ≤
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5075C57D40E2526C8DBFD13" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5075C57D07A25D8C9ADFD13" box="[267,396,656,682]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[227,270,1738,1764]" captionTargetBox="[227,1437,338,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-138@8.[227,1437,338,1699]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 1. Collection sites of specimens of Kotatea gen. nov. and Ushanaia gen. nov. Holotype collection sites are indicated by white symbols, paratypes and other material by black symbols. In the case of K. aurantiaca gen. et comb. nov., the type collection site refers to that described by Quoy &amp; Gaimard (1833). A. Manawatāwhi/Three Kings Islands. B. Far northern NZ, from Piwhane/Spirits Bay to the Poor Knights Islands. C. Northern NZ, from the Mokohinau Islands to East Cape. D. Central NZ, Cook Strait to Banks Peninsula. E. South-East NZ, Fiordland. Note that the holotypes of K. kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov. and K. teorowai gen. et sp. nov. share the same collection site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084448/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 1D–E</figureCitation>
). MAGNT C014323 was collected on a rock wall and MAGNT C014988 and MAGNT C014989 are recorded as encrusting black coral. NIWA MITS 75304 was collected from a wharf pile.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3726598B5075C56D19225BACAB2FDC1" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5075C57D19225BAC974FCB5" blockId="60.[227,341,754,780]" box="[227,341,754,780]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<heading id="D09F817FB5075C57D19225BAC974FCB5" bold="true" box="[227,341,754,780]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5075C57D19225BAC974FCB5" bold="true" box="[227,341,754,780]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5075C57D1922457CA40FC5A" blockId="60.[225,1437,799,995]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
Having been collected in Fiordland, the encrusting specimen described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94BE2B5075C57D5192457CD03FC80" author="Benham W. B." box="[1128,1314,799,825]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="67 - 84" refId="ref33503" refString="Benham W. B. 1928. On some alcyonarians from New Zealand waters. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 59 (1): 67 - 84." type="journal article" year="1928">Benham (1928)</bibRefCitation>
was most likely a member of
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5075C57D0B02409CAACFCE2" authority="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[449,653,833,859]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Ushanaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fervens" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5075C57D0B02409CAACFCE2" box="[449,653,833,859]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ushanaia fervens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5075C57D3E32409CB1CFCE2" box="[658,829,833,859]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Similarly, the “
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5075C57D2812409CC84FCE2" authorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" authorityYear="1833" box="[1008,1189,833,859]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aurantiacum">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5075C57D2812409CC84FCE2" box="[1008,1189,833,859]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">A. aurantiacum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94BE2B5075C57D4372409C958FCC4" author="Grange K. R. &amp; Singleton R. I. &amp; Richardson J. R. &amp; Hill P. J. &amp; Main W. D. L." pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="209 - 227" refId="ref34860" refString="Grange K. R., Singleton R. I., Richardson J. R., Hill P. J. &amp; Main W. D. L. 1981. Shallow rock-wall biological associations of some southern fiords of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 8 (2): 209 - 227. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1981.10427963" type="journal article" year="1981">
Grange
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5075C57D190242BC900FCC4" box="[225,289,867,893]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
(1981)
</bibRefCitation>
at depths of
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5075C57D36C242BCA58FCC4" box="[541,633,867,893]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="12.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="4.0">4–20 m</quantity>
in Fiordland probably refers to this species, although it is unclear whether encrusting or upright-growing colonies were observed, and it may be that representatives of
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5075C57D19424EFC963FC79" authority="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[229,322,935,960]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Kotatea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5075C57D19424EFC963FC79" box="[229,322,935,960]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kotatea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5075C57D03724EFC990FC78" box="[326,433,935,961]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
also inhabit this area. The
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5075C57D39924EFCBBFFC79" authorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" authorityYear="1833" box="[744,926,935,961]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aurantiacum">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5075C57D39924EFCBBFFC79" box="[744,926,935,961]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">A. aurantiacum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94BE2B5075C57D53424EECDBCFC78" author="Westerskov K. &amp; Probert K." box="[1093,1437,934,961]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref38904" refString="Westerskov K. &amp; Probert K. 1981. The Seas around New Zealand. Reed, Wellington." type="book" year="1981">Westerskov &amp; Probert (1981)</bibRefCitation>
likely also represents
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5075C57D0932481CA7AFC5B" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[482,603,968,994]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Ushanaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fervens">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5075C57D0932481CA7AFC5B" box="[482,603,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">U. fervens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF17669BB5075C57D1922087CBF8F7B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084524" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7084524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084524/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" startId="60.[227,270,1999,2025]" targetBox="[230,1433,1152,1965]" targetPageId="60">
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5075C57D1922087CBF8F7B5" blockId="60.[227,1436,1999,2061]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5075C57D1922087C91EF850" bold="true" box="[227,319,1999,2025]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 34.</emphasis>
SEMs of sclerites from polyps (in situ).
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5075C57D2512087CB14F850" bold="true" box="[800,821,1999,2025]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">A</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5075C57D2352087CC33F850" authority="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[836,1042,1999,2025]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Ushanaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fervens" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5075C57D2352087CC33F850" box="[836,1042,1999,2025]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ushanaia fervens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5075C57D56B2098CCECF853" box="[1050,1229,2000,2026]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype (NIWA 156311).
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5075C57D02320BAC947F7B5" bold="true" box="[338,358,2034,2060]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">B</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5075C57D00520BBC9C1F7B5" authority="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[372,480,2034,2060]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Ushanaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="solida" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5075C57D00520BBC9C1F7B5" box="[372,480,2034,2060]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">U. solida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5075C57D09620BBCABBF7B4" box="[487,666,2035,2061]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype (NIWA 102133).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5065C56D1922667CD6DFE37" blockId="61.[227,1436,303,399]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
Notably,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94BE2B5065C56D0222667CA46FEF0" author="Goldberg W. M. &amp; Grange K. R. &amp; Taylor G. T. &amp; Zuniga A. L." box="[339,615,303,329]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="96 - 104" refId="ref34801" refString="Goldberg W. M., Grange K. R., Taylor G. T. &amp; Zuniga A. L. 1990. The structure of sweeper tentacles in the black coral Antipathes fiordensis. The Biological Bulletin 179 (1): 96 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1541743" type="journal article" year="1990">
Goldberg
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5065C56D0BF2678CA2CFEF0" box="[462,525,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
(1990)
</bibRefCitation>
documented the formation of long, thread-like, defensive sweeper tentacles on black corals in Fiordland in response to encrusting epibionts identified as “
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5065C56D5A2261ACDA9FED2" authorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" authorityYear="1833" box="[1235,1416,338,364]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aurantiacum">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5065C56D5A2261ACDA9FED2" box="[1235,1416,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">A. aurantiacum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”. These observations can probably be attributed to
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5065C56D255263CCBD5FE37" box="[804,1012,372,398]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Ushanaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fervans">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5065C56D255263CCBD5FE37" box="[804,1012,372,398]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Ushanaia fervans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to their encrusting habit.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5065C56D19226FDCD0FFDAD" blockId="61.[226,1437,437,533]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
As noted by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94BE2B5065C56D00D26FDCA47FE76" author="Grange K. R. &amp; Singleton R. I. &amp; Richardson J. R. &amp; Hill P. J. &amp; Main W. D. L." box="[380,614,437,463]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="209 - 227" refId="ref34860" refString="Grange K. R., Singleton R. I., Richardson J. R., Hill P. J. &amp; Main W. D. L. 1981. Shallow rock-wall biological associations of some southern fiords of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 8 (2): 209 - 227. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1981.10427963" type="journal article" year="1981">
Grange
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5065C56D0AD26FECA39FE76" box="[476,536,437,463]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
(1981
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94BE2B5065C56D30526FDCA92FE76" author="Grange K. R. &amp; Watson J. &amp; Cook S. D. C. &amp; Barnett T. J. &amp; Brook F. J. &amp; Cairns S. D." box="[628,691,437,463]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="137 - 247" refId="ref34929" refString="Grange K. R., Watson J., Cook S. D. C., Barnett T. J., Brook F. J. &amp; Cairns S. D. 2010. Phylum Cnidaria. In: Cook S. D. C. (ed.) New Zealand Coastal Marine Invertebrates 1: 137 - 247. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch." type="journal article" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
), a white octocoral also encrusts black corals in Fiordland, but since no specimens matching this description were available for examination it remains unclear whether these observations represent a form of
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5065C56D3D826B2CB59FDAC" authority="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[681,888,506,533]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Ushanaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fervens" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5065C56D3D826B2CB59FDAC" box="[681,888,506,533]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Ushanaia fervens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5065C56D20E26B3CC0EFDAC" box="[895,1071,507,533]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
or a separate species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5065C56D1922573CAB2FDC1" blockId="61.[227,1438,571,633]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
The sequence identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5065C56D3542573CB60FDEC" authorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" authorityYear="1833" box="[549,833,571,597]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aurantiacum">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5065C56D3542573CB60FDEC" box="[549,833,571,597]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Alcyonium aurantiacum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94BE2B5065C56D2182573CCB3FDEC" author="McFadden C. S. &amp; France S. C. &amp; Sanchez J. A. &amp; Alderslade P." box="[873,1170,571,597]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="513 - 527" refId="ref36438" refString="McFadden C. S., France S. C., Sanchez J. A. &amp; Alderslade P. 2006 b. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) based on mitochondrial protein-coding sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 41 (3): 513 - 527. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2006.06.010" type="journal article" year="2006">
McFadden
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5065C56D2812574CC0DFDEC" box="[1008,1068,571,597]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
(2006b)
</bibRefCitation>
, belongs to
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5065C56D4552574CDBFFDEF" authority="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[1316,1438,572,598]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Ushanaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fervens" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5065C56D4552574CDBFFDEF" box="[1316,1438,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">U. fervens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5065C56D1922517C9B2FDC0" box="[227,403,607,633]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MAGNT C014988).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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