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<document id="5BA2B8FAEC71A99F81B172FBCBDB9453" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4027.3.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7d3387c6-b28d-40af-b3b8-50eafa9404cc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="239169" ID-ZooBank="3471EE9C-B01F-46C3-863E-D2D7619EE8FC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461282998876" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kånneby, Tobias" docDate="2015" docId="03B187C17625492925BDCF4BBE7CFF38" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04027p446.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4027 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) veronicae Kanneby 2013" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="444" masterDocId="FF88FFB97625492A252ACC3DBC4EFFE9" masterDocTitle="A redescription of Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) veronicae Kånneby, 2013 (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae)" masterLastPageNumber="446" masterPageNumber="442" pageNumber="442" updateTime="1698614487617" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="BEE2EE768FD681C055DDAD88A395511A">A redescription of Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) veronicae Kånneby, 2013 (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="179543E3F4868AC310962375827C7C51">Kånneby, Tobias</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B187C17625492925BDCF4BBE7CFF38" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679401" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119640913" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5679401" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B187C17625492925BDCF4BBE7CFF38" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187C17625492925BDCF4BBE7CFF38" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="444" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">
<subSubSection id="C302655C7625492A25BDCF4BBE23FC59" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA736D77625492A25BDCF4BBF7EFC79" blockId="0.[151,816,886,944]" box="[151,816,886,912]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">
<heading id="D0EF81BB7625492A25BDCF4BBF7EFC79" bold="true" box="[151,816,886,912]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D547625492A25BDCF4BBF7EFC79" ID-CoL="TDC9" authority="Kanneby, 2013" authorityName="Kanneby" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,816,886,912]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="veronicae" subGenus="Primochaetus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC57625492A25BDCF4BBF7EFC79" bold="true" box="[151,816,886,912]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC57625492A25BDCF4BBE21FC79" bold="true" box="[151,623,886,912]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) veronicae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B267625492A275CCF4BBF7EFC79" author="Kanneby" box="[630,816,886,912]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" refString="Kanneby, T. (2013) New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa, 3701 (5), 551 - 588. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3701.5.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Kånneby, 2013</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736D77625492A25BDCFA4BE23FC59" blockId="0.[151,816,886,944]" box="[151,621,921,944]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">
(
<figureCitation id="13232A527625492A25B5CFA4BCA7FC59" box="[159,233,921,944]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1665,1687]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,194,1641]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic drawing of Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) veronicae. A) Dorsal view. B) Ventral view. C) Bifurcated spine of trunk area. Scale bar: 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239170/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13232A527625492A25DFCFA4BD4BFC59" box="[245,261,921,944]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,263,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[164,1423,263,1882]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) veronicae, specimen from Jämtland, Sweden collected in July 2008. A) Habitus. B) Ventral anterior and mid-portion of body, showing distribution of bifurcated spines and the locomotory cilia. C) Ventral trunk region, showing distribution of bifurcated spines, terminal scales and some of the hair-like spines between the furcal branches. D) Dorsal trunk region with distribution of bifurcated spines. Scale bars: A, 25 µm; B D, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239171/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">2</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C69A036C7625492A243BCFA4BD2FFC59" box="[273,353,921,944]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,776,799]" captionTargetBox="[159,1305,930,1311]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Selected morphometric and taxonomic characters for four specimens of Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) veronicae. All measurements in micrometers. Abbreviations: TL, Total body Length; FL, Furca Length; AL, Adhesive tube Length; PhL, Pharynx Length; MD, Mouth Diameter; TC, Total number of scale Columns; DC, number of Dorsal scale Columns; DR, number of Dorsal scale Rows; NA, Not Available." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF67665F7627492825BDCF35BFC2FC6E" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" tableUuid="DF67665F7627492825BDCF35BFC2FC6E">Table 1</tableCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B267625492A2444CFA4BE40FC59" author="Kanneby" box="[366,526,921,944]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" refString="Kanneby, T. (2013) New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa, 3701 (5), 551 - 588. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3701.5.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Kånneby 2013</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. 22)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302655C7625492A25BDCFE3BE8FFB2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA736D77625492A25BDCFE3B926FC1C" blockId="0.[151,1436,990,2019]" box="[151,1384,990,1013]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC57625492A25BDCFE3BD60FC1C" bold="true" box="[151,302,990,1013]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">
<typeStatus id="54A388757625492A25BDCFE3BC81FC1C" box="[151,207,990,1013]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Small stream, Abisko Tourist Station, Abisko, Lapland (
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C50107625492A26A1CFE3B868FC1C" box="[907,1062,990,1013]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" precision="15" value="68.356384">N 68º 21 23</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C50107625492A2118CFE3B887FC1C" box="[1074,1225,990,1013]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" precision="15" value="18.79972">E 18º 47 59</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FFA610177625492A21F7CFE3B92AFC1C" box="[1245,1380,990,1013]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" value="2010-07-03">
July
<docIssue id="CF7B49387625492A203ACFE3B951FC1C" box="[1296,1311,990,1013]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">3</docIssue>
, 2010
</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736D77625492A25EDC83CBE97FBD2" blockId="0.[151,1436,990,2019]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC57625492A25EDC83CBDCEFBF1" bold="true" box="[199,384,1025,1048]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">Other localities.</emphasis>
Snasahögarna, Jämtland (
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C50107625492A2789C83CBF02FBF1" box="[675,844,1025,1048]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" precision="15" value="63.210835">N 63º 12 39</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C50107625492A2676C83CBFB1FBF1" box="[860,1023,1025,1048]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" precision="15" value="12.305278">E 12º 18 19</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FFA610177625492A2133C83CB8E6FBF1" box="[1049,1192,1025,1048]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" value="2008-07-07">July 7, 2008</date>
; Kungsleden, Abisko, Lapland (
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C50107625492A25D6C819BDD6FBD2" box="[252,408,1060,1083]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" precision="15" value="68.36361">N 68º 21 49</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C50107625492A248EC819BE75FBD2" box="[420,571,1060,1083]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" precision="15" value="18.784445">E 18º 46 64</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FFA610177625492A2765C819BE98FBD2" box="[591,726,1060,1083]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" value="2010-07-03">July 3, 2010</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736D77625492A25EDC87BB965FB4A" blockId="0.[151,1436,990,2019]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC57625492A25EDC87BBD3EFBB4" bold="true" box="[199,368,1094,1117]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">
<typeStatus id="54A388757625492A25EDC87BBCB1FBB4" box="[199,255,1094,1117]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
Photographs of one specimen, available at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm,
<collectingCountry id="F30F76477625492A25BDC854BCA1FB69" box="[151,239,1129,1152]" name="Sweden" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">Sweden</collectingCountry>
. Accession number:
<typeStatus id="54A388757625492A24F2C854BE70FB69" box="[472,574,1129,1152]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="ED09AE127625492A2767C854BED4FB69" box="[589,666,1129,1152]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">SMNH</collectionCode>
Type-8446. Photographs of two specimens, available at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm,
<collectingCountry id="F30F76477625492A2760C8B1BEECFB4A" box="[586,674,1164,1187]" name="Sweden" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">Sweden</collectingCountry>
. Accession number:
<typeStatus id="54A388757625492A2655C8B1BFA7FB4A" box="[895,1001,1164,1187]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="ED09AE127625492A26DEC8B1B80FFB4A" box="[1012,1089,1164,1187]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">SMNH</collectionCode>
Type-8447 and 8448.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736D77625492A25EDC893BE8FFB2C" blockId="0.[151,1436,990,2019]" box="[199,705,1198,1221]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC57625492A25EDC893BD37FB2C" bold="true" box="[199,377,1198,1221]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">Other material.</emphasis>
Photographs of one specimen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302655C7625492A25EDC8ECBF8AFB01" box="[199,964,1233,1256]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA736D77625492A25EDC8ECBF8AFB01" blockId="0.[151,1436,990,2019]" box="[199,964,1233,1256]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC57625492A25EDC8ECBD09FB01" bold="true" box="[199,327,1233,1256]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">Etymology.</emphasis>
This species is named in honour of Dr. Veronica Lundgren.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302655C7625492A25EDC8C9BDE2F961" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA736D77625492A25EDC8C9BDE2F961" blockId="0.[151,1436,990,2019]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC57625492A25EDC8C9BD72FAE2" bold="true" box="[199,316,1268,1291]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Small to medium-sized
<taxonomicName id="4C184D547625492A276DC8C9BE80FAE2" box="[583,718,1268,1291]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC57625492A276DC8C9BE80FAE2" box="[583,718,1268,1291]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">Chaetonotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 123135 µm in total body length. Body width 2530 μm, 1824 μm, 2838 μm and 15 18 μm at head, neck, trunk and base of furca, respectively. Head five-lobed with two pairs of sensory ciliary tufts. Cephalion and pleurae present. Furca straight, 1820 μm in length, with thick, rather stumpy, rigid adhesive tubes. Dorsal body surface covered by round to suboval overlapping scales, anterior parts of which tend to be fused with the body surface. Scales are distributed in 1720 dorsal columns with 2730 scales in each. Dorsal scales bear rather thin, almost hair-like, deeply bifurcated spines. The proximal part of each spine, gives a dotted appearance of the dorsal surface at specific optical sections; the distal bifurcation comes at an angle, varying between close to 90 degrees and 150 degrees. Each spine of the bifurcation is simple, e.g. not dentate. Ventral interciliary area with small, round to suboval keeled scales, which fuse with the body surface towards the animals anterior end. Ventral terminal scales keeled and suboval in shape and overlapping. Seven to eight simple ventral spines can be seen through the caudal incision. Ventral ciliation in two separate longitudinal bands. Mouth subterminal. Pharynx 3435 μm in length, widens slightly towards the posterior end.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302655C7625492825EDCAA9B9CDF93E" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="444" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA736D77625492A25EDCAA9BF64F8B1" blockId="0.[151,1436,990,2019]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC57625492A25EDCAA9BD1CF942" bold="true" box="[199,338,1684,1707]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">Description.</emphasis>
Small to medium-sized
<taxonomicName id="4C184D547625492A277CCAA9BE93F942" box="[598,733,1684,1707]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC57625492A277CCAA9BE93F942" box="[598,733,1684,1707]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">Chaetonotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 123135 µm in total body length (
<typeStatus id="54A388757625492A217CCAA9B8FBF942" box="[1110,1205,1684,1707]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
125 µm in total body length). Head clearly five-lobed with two pairs of cephalic sensory ciliary tufts. Anterior pair with approximately five cilia, 512 μm in length; posterior pair with approximately five cilia of which 23 are longer, 1430 μm in length. Cephalion, 1214 µm in width. Hypostomium present just behind mouth, developed as a transverse somewhat shieldshaped sub-rectangular plate. Anterior dorsal sensory bristles not observed; posterior dorsal sensory bristles emerging from weakly developed rounded double-keeled scales at U79.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736D77625492A25EDCB59BEACF80A" blockId="0.[151,1436,990,2019]" pageId="0" pageNumber="442">Body width of fairly squeezed specimens: 2530 µm at head (U1113), 1824 µm at neck (U2630), 2838 µm at trunk (U5665), and 1518 µm (U8588). Head delimited from trunk by a neck constriction; the trunk reaches its greatest width at about halfway to two thirds down the length of the body. Furca straight, 1820 µm in length, with rather short, stumpy, rigid adhesive tubes, 810 µm in length.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF67665F7624492B25BDCABCBDE3F95A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239170/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="443" targetBox="[151,1435,194,1639]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BA736D77624492B25BDCABCBDE3F95A" blockId="1.[151,1436,1664,1715]" pageId="1" pageNumber="443">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC57624492B25BDCABCBD40F97E" bold="true" box="[151,270,1665,1687]" pageId="1" pageNumber="443">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Schematic drawing of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D547624492B24DBCABDBF25F97F" box="[497,875,1664,1686]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="443" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="veronicae" subGenus="Primochaetus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC57624492B24DBCABDBF25F97F" box="[497,875,1664,1686]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="443">Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) veronicae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A) Dorsal view. B) Ventral view. C) Bifurcated spine of trunk area. Scale bar: 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA736D77624492825EDCAE4B843FEB5" blockId="1.[151,1436,1753,2019]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,729]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="444" pageId="1" pageNumber="443">
Dorsal body surface covered by round to suboval scales, the anterior part of each scale seem more or less fused with the body surface. The median columns of scales is more or less straight, while columns on either side of the median are curved, progressively approaching parallelism with the lateral body outline. Scales are distributed in 1720 dorsal columns with 2730 scales in each. The total number of scale columns is 3035. Developed scales are 23 μm in length and 23 μm in width and appears slightly smaller anteriorly. Dorsal scales bear rather thin, almost hair-like, deeply bifurcated spines. The proximal part of each spine can be described as a peduncle, much like in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D547624492B2185CBBABC99F829" authority="Voigt, 1903" authorityName="Voigt" authorityYear="1903" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Aspidiophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="443" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC57624492B2185CBBAB904F877" box="[1199,1354,1927,1950]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="443">Aspidiophorus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B267624492B2070CBBABC81F829" author="Voigt" pageId="1" pageNumber="443" refString="Voigt, M. (1903) Eine neue Gastrotrichen species (Chaetonotus arquatus) aus dem Schlossparkteiche zu Ploen. Forschungsberichte aus der Biologischen Station zu Ploen, 10, 90 - 93." type="journal article" year="1903">Voigt, 1903</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, originating from the posterior part of each scale, and gives a dotted appearance to the dorsal surface at specific optical sections. The “peduncle” measures 23 µm in length, and appears slightly thicker than the distal spine. The distal part of the spine is deeply bifurcated and measures 68 µm, and comes at an angle, varying between close to 90 degrees to approximately 150 degrees depending on the amount of pressure put on the animal, from the “peduncle”. The bifurcated spines are most easily viewed in the lateral areas. At the posterior end a pair of simple, slightly curved parafurcal spines, 1416 μm in length. Dorsal scales and spines of the furcal region tend to be more reduced than the scales and spines of the other parts of the dorsal body surface. The scales of the ventrolateral areas becomes smaller towards the ciliary bands, spines are of a similar fashion to those of the dorsal side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736D77627492825EDCD55B93AFD98" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">The anterior two thirds of the ventral interciliary area apparently naked. The posterior third is covered by round to oval small, keeled scales, 12 μm in length and 12 μm in width, and are distributed in approximately 810 columns. They become more and more fused with the body surface anteriorly, but can be followed to where the body reaches its greatest width (U6365). In the posterior end a pair of keeled suboval strongly overlapping ventral terminal scales, 68 μm in length and 45 μm in width. Posterior to the ventral terminals scales 78 simple hair-like spines (their scales could not be observed; probably very small), 1014 μm in length; they are confined within the caudal incision, the outer spines are curved towards the furcal branches, while the median spines are more or less straight or only slightly curved towards the furcal branches. Ventral ciliation in two separate longitudinal bands, with anterior cilia up to 1520 μm in length.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736D77627492825EDCE40BDC2FD30" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">Mouth subterminal, 46 μm in diameter. Pharynx widens slightly towards the posterior end, 3435 μm in length. Pharyngeal intestinal junction at U3034. Intestine straight with anus at U8182. The specimens studied were all in parthenogenetic phase.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF67665F7627492825BDCF35BFC2FC6E" ID-Table-UUID="DF67665F7627492825BDCF35BFC2FC6E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF67665F7627492825BDCF35BFC2FC6E" pageId="2" pageNumber="444" targetBox="[159,1305,930,1311]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BA736D77627492825BDCF35BFC2FC6E" blockId="2.[151,1436,776,903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC57627492825BDCF35BD5FFCF6" bold="true" box="[151,273,776,799]" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Selected morphometric and taxonomic characters for four specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5476274928214BCF35BCB1FCA8" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="444" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="veronicae" subGenus="Primochaetus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC576274928214BCF35BCB1FCA8" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) veronicae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All measurements in micrometers. Abbreviations: TL, Total body Length; FL, Furca Length; AL, Adhesive tube Length; PhL, Pharynx Length; MD, Mouth Diameter; TC, Total number of scale Columns; DC, number of Dorsal scale Columns; DR, number of Dorsal scale Rows; NA, Not Available.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA736D77627492827FECF9FB8ABFAF6" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">
<table id="F918C4777627B6D525B5CF9FB957FAF6" box="[159,1305,930,1311]" gridcols="5" gridrows="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">
<tr id="352834957627B6D525B5CF9FB957FC5E" box="[159,1305,930,951]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="444" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76F95DE97627B6D5279BCF9FBF09FC5E" box="[689,839,930,951]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">Abisko area</th>
<th id="76F95DE97627B6D52182CF9FB957FC5E" box="[1192,1305,930,951]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">Jämtland</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352834957627B6D525B5CFF7B957FC36" box="[159,1305,970,991]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">
<th id="76F95DE97627B6D525B5CFF7BCB2FC36" box="[159,252,970,991]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">Character</th>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D524ABCFF7BD94FC36" box="[385,474,970,991]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">Holotype</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D5279BCFF7BF09FC36" box="[689,839,970,991]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">Paratype 1</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D52687CFF7B85CFC36" box="[941,1042,970,991]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">Paratype 2</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D52182CFF7B957FC36" box="[1192,1305,970,991]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">Specimen 1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352834957627B6D525B5CFCFB957FBEE" box="[159,1305,1010,1031]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">
<th id="76F95DE97627B6D525B5CFCFBCB2FBEE" box="[159,252,1010,1031]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">TL</th>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D524ABCFCFBD94FBEE" box="[385,474,1010,1031]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">125</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D5279BCFCFBF09FBEE" box="[689,839,1010,1031]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">125</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D52687CFCFB85CFBEE" box="[941,1042,1010,1031]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">123</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D52182CFCFB957FBEE" box="[1192,1305,1010,1031]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">135</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352834957627B6D525B5C827B957FBC6" box="[159,1305,1050,1071]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">
<th id="76F95DE97627B6D525B5C827BCB2FBC6" box="[159,252,1050,1071]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">FL</th>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D524ABC827BD94FBC6" box="[385,474,1050,1071]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">20</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D5279BC827BF09FBC6" box="[689,839,1050,1071]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">1920</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D52687C827B85CFBC6" box="[941,1042,1050,1071]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">18</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D52182C827B957FBC6" box="[1192,1305,1050,1071]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">18</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352834957627B6D525B5C87FB957FBBE" box="[159,1305,1090,1111]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">
<th id="76F95DE97627B6D525B5C87FBCB2FBBE" box="[159,252,1090,1111]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">AL</th>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D524ABC87FBD94FBBE" box="[385,474,1090,1111]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">10</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D5279BC87FBF09FBBE" box="[689,839,1090,1111]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">9</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D52687C87FB85CFBBE" box="[941,1042,1090,1111]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">9</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D52182C87FB957FBBE" box="[1192,1305,1090,1111]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352834957627B6D525B5C857B957FB96" box="[159,1305,1130,1151]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">
<th id="76F95DE97627B6D525B5C857BCB2FB96" box="[159,252,1130,1151]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">PhL</th>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D524ABC857BD94FB96" box="[385,474,1130,1151]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">35</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D5279BC857BF09FB96" box="[689,839,1130,1151]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">34</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D52687C857B85CFB96" box="[941,1042,1130,1151]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">3435</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D52182C857B957FB96" box="[1192,1305,1130,1151]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">35</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352834957627B6D525B5C8AFB957FB4E" box="[159,1305,1170,1191]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">
<th id="76F95DE97627B6D525B5C8AFBCB2FB4E" box="[159,252,1170,1191]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">MD</th>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D524ABC8AFBD94FB4E" box="[385,474,1170,1191]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">45</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D5279BC8AFBF09FB4E" box="[689,839,1170,1191]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">56</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D52687C8AFB85CFB4E" box="[941,1042,1170,1191]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">5</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D52182C8AFB957FB4E" box="[1192,1305,1170,1191]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">56</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352834957627B6D525B5C887B957FB26" box="[159,1305,1210,1231]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">
<th id="76F95DE97627B6D525B5C887BCB2FB26" box="[159,252,1210,1231]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">TC</th>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D524ABC887BD94FB26" box="[385,474,1210,1231]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">32</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D5279BC887BF09FB26" box="[689,839,1210,1231]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">NA</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D52687C887B85CFB26" box="[941,1042,1210,1231]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">33</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D52182C887B957FB26" box="[1192,1305,1210,1231]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">35</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352834957627B6D525B5C8DFB957FB1E" box="[159,1305,1250,1271]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">
<th id="76F95DE97627B6D525B5C8DFBCB2FB1E" box="[159,252,1250,1271]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">DC</th>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D524ABC8DFBD94FB1E" box="[385,474,1250,1271]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">1920</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D5279BC8DFBF09FB1E" box="[689,839,1250,1271]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">1719</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D52687C8DFB85CFB1E" box="[941,1042,1250,1271]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">20</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D52182C8DFB957FB1E" box="[1192,1305,1250,1271]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">1920</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352834957627B6D525B5C937B957FAF6" box="[159,1305,1290,1311]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">
<th id="76F95DE97627B6D525B5C937BCB2FAF6" box="[159,252,1290,1311]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">DR</th>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D524ABC937BD94FAF6" box="[385,474,1290,1311]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">~28</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D5279BC937BF09FAF6" box="[689,839,1290,1311]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">2728</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D52687C937B85CFAF6" box="[941,1042,1290,1311]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">2930</td>
<td id="76F95DE97627B6D52182C937B957FAF6" box="[1192,1305,1290,1311]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">2730</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736D77627492825EDC958BD8DF9C0" blockId="2.[151,1436,1381,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC57627492825EDC958BDFBFA95" bold="true" box="[199,437,1381,1404]" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D54762749282494C958BF28FA95" box="[446,870,1381,1404]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="444" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="veronicae" subGenus="Primochaetus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC5762749282494C958BF28FA95" box="[446,870,1381,1404]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) veronicae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described in 2013 based on material from the Abisko area, northernmost
<collectingCountry id="F30F7647762749282493C9B5BE43FA76" box="[441,525,1416,1439]" name="Sweden" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">Sweden</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B26762749282736C9B5BEF1FA76" author="Kanneby" box="[540,703,1416,1439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="444" refString="Kanneby, T. (2013) New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa, 3701 (5), 551 - 588. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3701.5.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Kånneby 2013</bibRefCitation>
). However, data from an additional specimen, found already in
<quantity id="4CE09B3276274928204CC9B5BCE2FA28" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.10032" pageId="2" pageNumber="444" unit="in" value="2008.0">2008 in</quantity>
Jämtland, was not accounted for in the original description. Careful studies of this “new” specimen and the original specimens showed an important diagnostic character, that was overlooked in the original description, namely that the scales bear deeply bifurcated or bifid spines. In the original description this character was interpreted as a strong overlap of spines of different scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736D77627492825EDCA08B9CDF93E" blockId="2.[151,1436,1381,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">
The most important diagnostic character for
<taxonomicName id="4C184D547627492827B4CA08BF1EF9A5" box="[670,848,1589,1612]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="444" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="veronicae" subGenus="Primochaetus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC57627492827B4CA08BF1EF9A5" box="[670,848,1589,1612]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">C. (P.) veronicae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the deeply bifurcated spines, which sets it apart from all other gastrotrichs. The proximal part of each spine seems peduncle-like, and at certain optical sections the dorsal “dotted” appearance is not unlike that of species of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D547627492827EACA47BF15F978" box="[704,859,1658,1681]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Aspidiophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="444" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC57627492827EACA47BF15F978" box="[704,859,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">Aspidiophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, given the fact that the distal spines are not developed as plates, as is the case for
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5476274928270DCAA0BE8CF95D" box="[551,706,1693,1716]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Aspidiophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="444" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC576274928270DCAA0BE8CF95D" box="[551,706,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">Aspidiophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the species is for now assigned to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5476274928218ECAA0B965F95D" box="[1188,1323,1693,1716]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="444" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC576274928218ECAA0B965F95D" box="[1188,1323,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">Chaetonotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although two specimens were obtained for molecular studies efforts of sequencing the 18S rDNA gene has so far been fruitless.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302655C7627492925EDCADFBE7CFF38" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="445" pageId="2" pageNumber="444" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA736D77627492925EDCADFBE7CFF38" blockId="2.[151,1436,1381,2028]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,209]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="445" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">
Within
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5476274928243DCADFBDD3F910" ID-CoL="7NSFW" box="[279,413,1762,1785]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="444" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC576274928243DCADFBDD3F910" box="[279,413,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">Chaetonotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the species should be assigned to the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5476274928268ACADFB9D2F910" ID-CoL="7P6C7" authority="Kisielewski, 1997" authorityName="Kisielewski" authorityYear="1997" box="[928,1436,1762,1785]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="444" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Primochaetus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC576274928268ACADFB89AF910" box="[928,1236,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">Chaetonotus (Primochaetus)</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B267627492821F1CADFB9D2F910" author="Kisielewski" box="[1243,1436,1762,1785]" pageId="2" pageNumber="444" refString="Kisielewski, J. (1997) On the subgeneric division of the genus Chaetonotus Ehrenberg (Gastrotricha). Annales Zoologici, 46, 145 - 151." type="journal article" year="1997">Kisielewski, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
for the following reasons: (i), the round scales; (ii), spines arise closer to the posterior edges of the scales; (iii), spines increase only slightly in length from anterior to posterior; (iv), all dorsal scales lack keels, and spines originates from a single point. Within
<emphasis id="B96CEAC5762749282455CB77BF30F888" box="[383,894,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D54762749282455CB77BEF8F888" ID-CoL="7NSFW" authority="Primochaetus" authorityName="Primochaetus" box="[383,694,1866,1889]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="444" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">Chaetonotus (Primochaetus)</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D547627492827E8CB77BF30F888" ID-CoL="TDC9" box="[706,894,1866,1889]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="444" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="veronicae" subGenus="Primochaetus">C. (P.) veronicae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
appears morphologically closest to
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5476274928203FCB77BE15F86D" ID-CoL="TDBY" authority="Balsamo, 1977" authorityName="Balsamo" authorityYear="1977" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="444" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mutinensis" subGenus="Primochaetus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC576274928203FCB77BDFBF86D" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) mutinensis</emphasis>
Balsamo, 1977
</taxonomicName>
with which it shares the thin hair-like spines and the rounded scales. The new species can be separated from
<taxonomicName id="4C184D547627492824C4CBADBEFDF84E" ID-CoL="TDBY" box="[494,691,1936,1959]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="444" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mutinensis" subGenus="Primochaetus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC57627492824C4CBADBEFDF84E" box="[494,691,1936,1959]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">C. (P.) mutinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the following characters: (i) the new species have rather strongly curved deeply bifurcated spines compared to the more gently curved spines in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5476274928211ECB8FB8A1F820" ID-CoL="TDBY" box="[1076,1263,1970,1993]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="444" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mutinensis" subGenus="Primochaetus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC576274928211ECB8FB8A1F820" box="[1076,1263,1970,1993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">C. (P.) mutinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (ii) the number of dorsal scale columns and scale rows which is greater in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D5476274928261ACBE8BFA4F805" ID-CoL="TDC9" box="[816,1002,2005,2028]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="444" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="veronicae" subGenus="Primochaetus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC576274928261ACBE8BFA4F805" box="[816,1002,2005,2028]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="444">C. (P.) veronicae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1720 vs.
<date id="FFA61017762749282159CBE8B969F805" box="[1139,1319,2005,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="444" value="1930-09-12" valueMax="1930-09-27" valueMin="1930-09-12">912 and 2730</date>
vs. 2225 respectively); (iii) the scales of the ventral interciliary field which are reduced in the new species compared to the developed scales of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D54762649292444CC87BE65FF38" ID-CoL="TDBY" box="[366,555,186,209]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Chaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="445" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mutinensis" subGenus="Primochaetus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAC5762649292444CC87BE65FF38" box="[366,555,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="445">C. (P.) mutinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>