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<mods:title id="9C9EF3D95B829538A6F25D2A387A14AC">First record of Odontomesa Pagast from China, with description of the immature stages of O. ferringtoni Saether (Diptera, Chironomidae, Prodiamesinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="04963B7FC93A1476FA8DA92FEAE35DAF">Liu, Wenbin</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1896EFFFD3FFCBFF44D5BAFE743CFD" ID-CoL="66YB" ID-ENA="880190" authority="Pagast, 1947" authorityName="Pagast" authorityYear="1947" box="[151,466,437,463]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Odontomesa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96C317EFFD3FFCBFF44D5BAFE743CFD" bold="true" box="[151,466,437,463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B96C317EFFD3FFCBFF44D5BAFE893CFD" bold="true" box="[151,303,437,463]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Odontomesa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF89909DFFD3FFCBFEE6D5BAFE743CFD" author="Pagast" box="[309,466,437,463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" refString="Pagast, F. (1947) Systematik und Verbreitung der urn die Gattung Diamesa gruppierten Chironomiden. Arch. Hydrobiology, 41, 435 - 596." type="journal article" year="1947">Pagast, 1947</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BA7ED6CFFD3FFCBFF44D5F2FCC53F20" blockId="1.[151,867,508,530]" box="[151,867,508,530]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<typeStatus id="54A353CEFFD3FFCBFF44D5F2FF6F3F20" box="[151,201,509,530]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C1896EFFFD3FFCBFEF5D5F3FDCE3F20" authority="Kieffer, 1919" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1919" box="[294,616,508,530]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Prodiamesa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva">
<emphasis id="B96C317EFFD3FFCBFEF5D5F3FE7E3F20" box="[294,472,508,530]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Prodiamesa fulva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF89909DFFD3FFCBFE0DD5F3FDCE3F20" author="Kieffer" box="[478,616,508,530]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1919) Chironomidae d'Europe conserves au Musee National Hongrois de Budapest. Annales Historico - Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 17, 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1919">Kieffer, 1919</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7ED6CFFD3FFCBFF44D631FC1C3E8D" blockId="1.[151,1437,574,1175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B96C317EFFD3FFCBFF44D631FE3B3F65" bold="true" box="[151,413,574,599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Diagnostic characters</emphasis>
(following
<bibRefCitation id="EF89909DFFD3FFCBFDFAD631FD1A3F65" author="Saether" box="[553,700,574,599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" refString="Saether, O. A. (1983) The larvae of Prodiamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region-keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part. 1. Larvae. Entomologica Scandinavica, 19 (Supplement), 141 - 147." type="journal article" year="1983">Saether 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF89909DFFD3FFCBFD1FD631FCB23F65" author="Saether" box="[716,788,574,599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" refString="Saether, O. A. (1986 a) A review of Odontomesa Pagast, 1947 (Diptera, Chironomidae, Prodiamesinae). 15 - 29. In: Fittkau, E. J. (Ed.), Beitrage zur Systematik der Chironomidae (Diptera). Spixiana, 11 (Supplement), 1 - 215." type="journal article" year="1986" yearSuffix="a">1986a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF89909DFFD3FFCBFCF0D631FCCB3F65" author="Saether" box="[803,877,574,599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" refString="Saether, O. A. (1986 b) The pupae of Prodiamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region-keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 2. Pupae. Entomologica Scandinavica, 28 (Supplement), 139 - 145." type="journal article" year="1986" yearSuffix="b">1986b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF89909DFFD3FFCBFCA8D631FB033F65" author="Saether" box="[891,1189,574,599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" refString="Saether, O. A. &amp; Andersen, T. (2013) The larvae of Prodiamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic Region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Andersen, T., Cranston, P. S. &amp; Epler, J. H. (Eds.), The larvae of Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Holarctic Region - Keys and diagnoses. - Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution, 66 (Supplement), 179 - 188." type="journal article" year="2013">Saether &amp; Andersen 2013</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF89909DFFD3FFCBFB66D630FAFC3F65" author="Langton" box="[1205,1370,575,599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" refString="Langton, P. H. (1991) A key to pupal exuviae of West Palaearctic Chironomidae. Privately published, Huntingdon, 386 pp." type="book" year="1991">Langton 1991</bibRefCitation>
): The characters of the anal point (reduced to small, triangular point with microtrichia, but no setae) and gonocoxite (large and rounded), in combination with the shape of volsellae (superior volsella small, with microtrichia; median volsella reduced to a small projection with 14 setae; inferior volsella very long, flat and lobe-like, covered with microtrichia and setae) will easily differentiate
<taxonomicName id="4C1896EFFFD3FFCBFD38D6C1FCDF3FD4" box="[747,889,718,742]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Odontomesa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96C317EFFD3FFCBFD38D6C1FCDF3FD4" box="[747,889,718,742]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Odontomesa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adults from other genera in the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C1896EFFFD3FFCBFF44D6FDFEE63E39" box="[151,320,754,779]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Prodiamesinae">Prodiamesinae</taxonomicName>
. The very well-developed thoracic horn, evenly broad, digitiform and covered with spinules, and posterlateral extensions of segment VIII combined with fringe on elongated anal lobes and usually 5 (sometimes 3) anal macrosetae will differentiate the pupae from the ones of all the other chironomids. The larval head capsule of the genus is unique in almost all features as follows: SI biarticulate with apical part laterally fringed; chaetae twisted, with lateral fringe in apical half; chaetulae laterales thin and fringed; the conspicuously shaped and heavy mandible; ventromental plate broad and long, and strong setae in beard.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7ED6CFFD3FFCBFF14D7C5FAE839A5" blockId="1.[151,1437,574,1175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B96C317EFFD3FFCBFF14D7C5FE163ED1" bold="true" box="[199,432,970,995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
. Based on the material examined and references, the generic diagnosis of the pupa and larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C1896EFFFD3FFCBFF26D7E1FE243934" box="[245,386,1006,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Odontomesa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96C317EFFD3FFCBFF26D7E1FE243934" box="[245,386,1006,1030]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Odontomesa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF89909DFFD3FFCBFE41D7E1FD823935" author="Saether" box="[402,548,1006,1031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" refString="Saether, O. A. (1983) The larvae of Prodiamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region-keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part. 1. Larvae. Entomologica Scandinavica, 19 (Supplement), 141 - 147." type="journal article" year="1983">Saether 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF89909DFFD3FFCBFDE2D7E1FDDC3935" author="Saether" box="[561,634,1006,1031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" refString="Saether, O. A. (1986 b) The pupae of Prodiamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region-keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 2. Pupae. Entomologica Scandinavica, 28 (Supplement), 139 - 145." type="journal article" year="1986" yearSuffix="b">1986b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF89909DFFD3FFCBFD55D7E1FC003935" author="Saether" box="[646,934,1006,1031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" refString="Saether, O. A. &amp; Andersen, T. (2013) The larvae of Prodiamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic Region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Andersen, T., Cranston, P. S. &amp; Epler, J. H. (Eds.), The larvae of Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Holarctic Region - Keys and diagnoses. - Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution, 66 (Supplement), 179 - 188." type="journal article" year="2013">Saether &amp; Andersen 2013</bibRefCitation>
) must be emended as follows: Pupa. Frontal setae situated on frontal apotome, sometimes apically on small cephalic tubercles (
<taxonomicName id="4C1896EFFFD3FFCBFB58D01CFA373919" authority="Saether" authorityName="Saether" box="[1163,1425,1042,1067]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Odontomesa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferringtoni">
<emphasis id="B96C317EFFD3FFCBFB58D01CFB393918" box="[1163,1183,1043,1066]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96C317EFFD3FFCBFB66D01CFA893919" box="[1205,1327,1043,1067]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">ferringtoni</emphasis>
Saether
</taxonomicName>
); segments VIII with posterolateral, triangular extensions, L3 sometimes situated on extension (
<taxonomicName id="4C1896EFFFD3FFCBFB29D038FF4D3941" authority="Saether" authorityName="Saether" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Odontomesa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferringtoni">
<emphasis id="B96C317EFFD3FFCBFB29D038FAA8397C" box="[1274,1294,1079,1102]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96C317EFFD3FFCBFAF0D038FA3A397D" box="[1315,1436,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">ferringtoni</emphasis>
Saether
</taxonomicName>
). Larva. Medium-sized larva, up to
<quantity id="4CE04089FFD3FFCBFD5FD054FD503940" box="[652,758,1115,1139]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.49" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" unit="mm" value="8.49">8.49 mm</quantity>
; seta interna of mandible with 1240 branches in
<taxonomicName id="4C1896EFFFD3FFCBFAECD054FF5839A5" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Prodiamesa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva">
<emphasis id="B96C317EFFD3FFCBFAECD054FAF53940" box="[1343,1363,1115,1138]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96C317EFFD3FFCBFAB7D054FA3A3941" box="[1380,1436,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">fulva</emphasis>
(Kieffer)
</taxonomicName>
; supraanal setae nearly half as long as anal setae in
<taxonomicName id="4C1896EFFFD3FFCBFC93D070FBA239A5" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[832,1028,1150,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Prodiamesa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva">
<emphasis id="B96C317EFFD3FFCBFC93D070FCF239A4" box="[832,852,1151,1174]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96C317EFFD3FFCBFCB1D071FC3C39A4" box="[866,922,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">fulva</emphasis>
(Kieffer)
</taxonomicName>
and in
<taxonomicName id="4C1896EFFFD3FFCBFB84D070FAE839A5" authority="Saether." authorityName="Saether." box="[1111,1358,1150,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Odontomesa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferringtoni">
<emphasis id="B96C317EFFD3FFCBFB84D070FBCD39A4" box="[1111,1131,1151,1174]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96C317EFFD3FFCBFBA9D070FB5539A5" box="[1146,1267,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">ferringtoni</emphasis>
Saether.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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