436 lines
49 KiB
XML
436 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="D6D18B07C69A5E044082BAB190343151" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.205462" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbe7df0d-6fcf-4d0a-b11e-371c8343e7f0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="205462" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460248104708" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chapple, David G., Bell, Trent P., Chapple, Stephanie N. J., Miller, Kimberly A., Daugherty, Charles H. & Patterson, Geoff B." docDate="2011" docId="03AC4C118D2DA427FF4CFAAFFE134A42" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02782p033.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2782" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Oligosoma tekakahu Chapple, Bell, Chapple, Miller, Daugherty & Patterson, 2011, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FF9534698D22A435FFDBFFADFFE64E76" masterDocTitle="Phylogeography and taxonomic revision of the New Zealand cryptic skink (Oligosoma inconspicuum; Reptilia: Scincidae) species complex" masterLastPageNumber="33" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698242207610" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6D68833D58814045D6659B15CEB1B02D">
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<mods:title id="9708E79A03B7ABC57F4E98DBDD0FFF88">Phylogeography and taxonomic revision of the New Zealand cryptic skink (Oligosoma inconspicuum; Reptilia: Scincidae) species complex</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="0B2D2358545A9F55B5EF310ED512A0FE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B027FD9E279BAF56D2CB78916B2E601A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A69D92BCF1A44379D5FC342A9304F776">Chapple, David G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B25667A8E67A6EE0B80E90C08462A587">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="49607007F32714E90978E85E80396DB2">Bell, Trent P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="2BFA3CB5745DB724AA6E2D6F39DCB6BD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9B6648E5944C96E3A94237061CF56865">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AFB1C415E5B5B60511BD7686E1933BF0">Chapple, Stephanie N. J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="F817C85E276613F9B65A398C2DA6C014" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="AD6EFF2FB5F2ED0DDA96059D85952CE5">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8038B04C54C268CD782794C802B1BF64">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="486DE5169B3A4F6B58EB26228BB75769">Miller, Kimberly A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="122478BF3294823BFA4F3B7BDFB0FD59" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="23335B4D3EC109DE0CE2EF989DCEAE72">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AA4872241406810DA038DF9699931D9D">Daugherty, Charles H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C95ECDE6C802168832B6F06B2D3D4E3F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="32239B90F5B33FD0E9F3679E27E92A17">Patterson, Geoff B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="082F6330010FFCBB84E2355EB533A2C9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D66BFC38BF102C2EE8773BBE9DD7352C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2D7871017E4578627764F6B2D226C33C">
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<mods:date id="8F3C0DCC4AE0C9368D45D97963ED18D5">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AF6E83DA390DE1DA72298FB302607BC1">2782</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="EFE2F2F54857ADA12164365E7DCA39FA">33</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="6EDCE09FF1C69EEB77CE51125B528A02" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.205462</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="44413161612D738F4FFF204930789180" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AC4C118D2DA427FF4CFAAFFE134A42" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6182742" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119391032" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6182742" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:78B7417D-6F10-496E-B680-FA40BFF583C7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC4C118D2DA427FF4CFAAFFE134A42" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="C31FAE8C8D2DA43AFF4CFAAFFD434BEA" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D2DA43AFF4CFAAFFE104B6A" blockId="15.[151,502,1282,1341]" box="[151,502,1282,1308]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="D0F24A6B8D2DA43AFF4CFAAFFE104B6A" bold="true" box="[151,502,1282,1308]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFF4CFAAFFE104B6A" bold="true" box="[151,502,1282,1308]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D2DA43AFF4CFAAFFE764B6A" box="[151,400,1282,1308]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tekakahu" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFF4CFAAFFE764B6A" bold="true" box="[151,400,1282,1308]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Oligosoma tekakahu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2429C6E8D2DA43AFE43FAAFFE104B6A" box="[408,502,1282,1308]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D2DA43AFF4CFA88FF134B4B" blockId="15.[151,502,1282,1341]" box="[151,245,1317,1341]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<figureCitation id="133EE1828D2DA43AFF4CFA88FF134B4B" box="[151,245,1317,1341]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. a" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[325,1271,202,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[313,1283,193,1962]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. a) Holotype of O. tekakahu (RE 006879), Chalky Island. b) Lateral view of the head of the O. tekakahu holotype (RE 006879). c) Live specimen of O. tekakahu at the type locality (Chalky Island)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205471/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D2DA43AFF4CFAC5FD434BEA" blockId="15.[151,798,1384,1437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D2DA43AFF4CFAC5FE7E4B08" authority="Te" authorityName="Te" box="[151,408,1384,1406]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inconspicuum">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFF4CFAC5FE7E4B08" box="[151,408,1384,1406]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Oligosoma inconspicuum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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‘Te Kakahu’ Chapple
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<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFDA4FAC4FD4D4B08" box="[639,683,1384,1406]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
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. 2009: 485
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D2DA43AFF4CFA2AFEE04BEB" box="[151,262,1415,1437]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFF4CFA2AFEE04BEB" box="[151,262,1415,1437]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Oligosoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 6 (Te Kakahu skink) Jewell 2008: 89
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31FAE8C8D2DA43AFF4CFA64FCBF483D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D2DA43AFF4CFA64FEEC4872" blockId="15.[151,1436,1480,2037]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFF4CFA64FEED4B97" bold="true" box="[151,267,1481,1505]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<typeStatus id="54BE43A58D2DA43AFF4CFA64FEE04B97" box="[151,262,1481,1505]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Chalky Island (Te Kakahu), Fiordland (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE319BC08D2DA43AFD10FA65FCC84B96" box="[715,814,1480,1504]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-46.05">46º 03’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE319BC08D2DA43AFCE0FA65FC4B4B96" box="[827,941,1480,1504]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="166.51666">166º 31’E</geoCoordinate>
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), RE006879, adult male (coll. T. Bell,
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<date id="FFBBDBC78D2DA43AFA84FA64FF194872" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2008-01">January 2008</date>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D2DA43AFF1EF9A2FCBF483D" blockId="15.[151,1436,1480,2037]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFF1EF9A2FE05485E" bold="true" box="[197,483,1551,1576]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Live animals examined.</emphasis>
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Chalky Island, Fiordland (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE319BC08D2DA43AFCCCF9A2FC9B4851" box="[791,893,1551,1575]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-46.05">46º 03’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE319BC08D2DA43AFC50F9A2FC194851" box="[907,1023,1551,1575]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="166.51666">166º 31’E</geoCoordinate>
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), 16 animals (
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<specimenCount id="9D03368E8D2DA43AFB78F9A2FB154851" box="[1187,1267,1551,1575]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="adult">7 adult</specimenCount>
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males,
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<specimenCount id="9D03368E8D2DA43AFA96F9A2FA7A4851" box="[1357,1436,1551,1575]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="adult">6 adult</specimenCount>
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females,
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<specimenCount id="9D03368E8D2DA43AFF27F99EFE9A483D" box="[252,380,1587,1611]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="subadult">3 subadults</specimenCount>
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) (data collected by T. Bell,
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<date id="FFBBDBC78D2DA43AFD68F999FCA8483D" box="[691,846,1587,1612]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2008-01">January 2008</date>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31FAE8C8D2DA43AFF1EF9FBFF024983" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D2DA43AFF1EF9FBFF024983" blockId="15.[151,1436,1480,2037]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFF1EF9FBFED94819" bold="true" box="[197,319,1622,1647]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D2DA43AFE9CF9FBFDC94818" box="[327,559,1622,1646]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tekakahu">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFE9CF9FBFDC94818" box="[327,559,1622,1646]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Oligosoma tekakahu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from other related
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D2DA43AFC27F9FBFB914818" box="[1020,1143,1622,1646]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFC27F9FBFB914818" box="[1020,1143,1622,1646]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Oligosoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species through a combination of characters (
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<figureCitation id="133EE1828D2DA43AFE5EF9D7FE0F48E4" box="[389,489,1658,1682]" captionStart="FIGURE 4 a – b" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1890,1913]" captionTargetBox="[208,1317,205,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1380,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4 a – b. Notched boxplots comparing the morphological characteristics of the species in the Oligosoma inconspicuum species group (O. inconspicuum sensu stricto, O. toka sp. nov., O. repens sp. nov., O. notosaurus, O. burganae sp. nov.): a) axilla-groin (AG) / snout-forelimb (SF), b) snout-vent length (SVL) / head width (HW). Oligosoma tekakahu sp. nov. was not included in the analysis as only one specimen was available. If there is no overlap between two medians, then the medians are significantly different at a 95 % confidence level." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205466/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 4</figureCitation>
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). Compared to
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<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFD43F9D6FC2648E4" box="[664,960,1658,1682]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D2DA43AFD43F9D6FCCA48E4" box="[664,812,1659,1682]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maccanni">O. maccanni</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D2DA43AFCECF9D6FC2648E4" box="[823,960,1658,1682]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tekakahu">O. tekakahu</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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has a glossy appearance, with brown predominating whereas
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D2DA43AFE5CF933FDFC48C0" box="[391,538,1694,1718]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maccanni">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFE5CF933FDFC48C0" box="[391,538,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O. maccanni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a greyer ground colour. The ear opening in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D2DA43AFB8FF933FB0148C0" box="[1108,1255,1694,1718]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maccanni">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFB8FF933FB0148C0" box="[1108,1255,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O. maccanni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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often has large projecting scales on the interior margin, whereas these are minimal in
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<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFC0DF96FFB8F48AF" box="[982,1129,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D2DA43AFC0DF96FFB8348AF" box="[982,1125,1729,1753]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tekakahu">O. tekakahu</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The number of subdigital lamellae in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D2DA43AFEC3F948FE41488B" box="[280,423,1765,1789]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maccanni">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFEC3F948FE41488B" box="[280,423,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O. maccanni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(19–28) does not overlap with
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D2DA43AFCD8F948FC6F488B" box="[771,905,1765,1789]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tekakahu">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFCD8F948FC6F488B" box="[771,905,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O. tekakahu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(16). Longitudinal striping is more pronounced in adjacent populations of
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<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFE1FF8A5FD954956" box="[452,627,1800,1824]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D2DA43AFE1FF8A5FD894956" box="[452,623,1800,1824]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polychroma">O. polychroma</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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which almost always have a pale stripe on the outside of the forelimbs and a prominent mid-dorsal stripe which
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D2DA43AFDB8F881FD0C4935" box="[611,746,1835,1859]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tekakahu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFDB8F881FD0C4935" box="[611,746,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O. tekakahu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks. The ear opening in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D2DA43AFBD4F881FB504935" box="[1039,1206,1835,1859]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polychroma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFBD4F881FB504935" box="[1039,1206,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O. polychroma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
often has prominent projecting scales on the interior margin. The number of subdigital lamellae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D2DA43AFBD0F8FDFB754911" box="[1035,1171,1871,1895]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tekakahu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFBD0F8FDFB754911" box="[1035,1171,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O. tekakahu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(16) is less than in any other member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D2DA43AFE5FF8DEFDA449FC" box="[388,578,1907,1930]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inconspicuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFE5FF8DEFDA449FC" box="[388,578,1907,1930]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O. inconspicuum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex. The number of ventral scales in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D2DA43AFBA7F8DEFAE249FC" box="[1148,1284,1906,1930]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tekakahu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFBA7F8DEFAE249FC" box="[1148,1284,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O. tekakahu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(68) is fewer than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D2DA43AFF15F83AFEC749D8" box="[206,289,1942,1966]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="toka" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFF15F83AFEC749D8" box="[206,289,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O. toka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFEFCF83BFE6749D8" bold="true" box="[295,385,1942,1966]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2429C6E8D2DA43AFEFCF83BFE6749D8" box="[295,385,1942,1966]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(70–88).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D2DA43AFE35F83BFD3349D8" box="[494,725,1942,1966]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tekakahu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFE35F83BFD3349D8" box="[494,725,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Oligosoma tekakahu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a larger head relative to SVL than any other member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D2DA43AFF4CF817FEB049A7" box="[151,342,1978,2001]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inconspicuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D2DA43AFF4CF817FEB049A7" box="[151,342,1978,2001]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O. inconspicuum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex (its head length,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D2DA43AFD3BF814FCDF49A7" box="[736,825,1977,2001]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="9.8">9.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, was longer than any other specimen measured in the study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31FAE8C8D32A425FF1EFF3AFE2F4D2A" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D32A425FF1EFF3AFDF64CBA" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FF1EFF3AFE044EC6" bold="true" box="[197,482,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE43A58D32A425FEAFFF35FE3B4EC6" box="[372,477,152,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body elongate, oval in cross-section; limbs moderately well-developed, pentadactyl. Lower eyelid with a transparent palpebral disc, bordered on sides and below by small, oblong granules. Nostril centred just below middle of nasal, pointing up and back, not touching bottom edge of nasal. Supranasals absent. Rostral broader than deep. Frontonasal broader than long, not separated from frontal by prefrontals meeting in midline. Frontal longer than broad, shorter than frontoparietal and interparietal together, in contact with 2 anteriormost supraoculars. Supraoculars 3[left]/4[right], the second is the largest. Frontoparietals distinct, larger than interparietal. A pair of parietals meeting behind interparietal and bordered posteriorly by a pair each of nuchals and temporals, also in contact with interparietal, frontoparietal, third/fourth supraocular and 2 postoculars. Loreals 2, anterior one the larger; anterior loreal in contact with first supralabial, posterior loreal, prefrontal, frontonasal and nasal; posterior loreal in contact with second supralabial, first subocular, upper and lower preocular, prefrontal and anterior loreal. Supralabials 7, the sixth is the largest. Infralabials 6, several of them equal in size; fifth supralabial below centre of eye. Mental broader but shallower than rostral. Suboculars 3 and 4 separated by fifth supralabial. Postmental larger than mental. Chinshields 3 pairs. One primary temporal. Dorsal scales largest, weakly striate. Ventral scales smooth. Subdigital lamellae smooth. Ear opening round, small with no projecting granules. Forelimbs shorter than hindlimbs. Adpressed limbs not meeting in adult. Digits moderately long, sub-cylindrical. Third front digit shorter than the fourth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D32A425FF1EFD75FE2F4D2A" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FF1EFD75FD744C86" bold="true" box="[197,658,727,752]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Measurements (in mm;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE43A58D32A425FE3AFD75FDAE4C86" box="[481,584,728,752]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
only).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SVL 67.2; HL 9.8; HW 6.8; AG 35.6; SF 24.0; SE 11.3; EF 13.0. TL unknown (not intact). Ratios for morphological measurements: AG/SF 1.48; SE/EF 0.87; HL/HW 1.44 (in mm; live animals): The mean SVL size (from 14 live animals) was
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D32A425FCB8FCB2FC314D4E" box="[867,983,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4079999999999995" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="64.08">64.08 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D32A425FBEBFCB2FB484D41" box="[1072,1198,799,823]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.45" metricValueMax="7.9" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="64.5" valueMax="79.0" valueMin="50.0">50–79 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and the mean mass was
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D32A425FF12FCE9FEE74D2B" box="[201,257,836,861]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="g" value="5.6">5.6 g</quantity>
|
||
(range
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D32A425FE8CFCE9FE5A4D2A" box="[343,444,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.8" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="g" value="5.8" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="1.6">1.6–10 g</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31FAE8C8D32A425FF1EFCC5FB424B46" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D32A425FF1EFCC5FE854DB1" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FF1EFCC5FE354DF6" bold="true" box="[197,467,872,896]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE43A58D32A425FF1EFCC5FED44DF6" box="[197,306,872,896]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
scale counts.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Upper ciliaries 7; lower ciliaries 9; nuchals 3 pairs; midbody scale rows 30; ventral scale rows 73; subdigital lamellae 17; supraciliaries 5; suboculars 6. One primary temporal. Third front digit as long as the fourth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D32A425FF1EFC7EFB424B46" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FF1EFC7EFEBB4D9A" bold="true" box="[197,349,979,1004]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal surface light olive to chestnut brown, often with highly irregular random dark flecks. A broken dorsolateral line formed by a single row of triangular-shaped dark or black flecks runs from the posterior margin of the eye to the base of the tail. This row is bordered by a pale dorsolateral band approximately a half scale row wide above, and by a broad dark brown lateral band, below, which commences from the posterior of eye, passing above limb insertions and concluding near tail base. A pale grey lateroventral band similarly runs from the lower jaw to the tail base. The edges between the lateral band and lateroventral band is variable in markings in individuals, from scattered black and white flecks running across the body mid-laterally, to a rudimentary but broken black above/white below mid-lateral stripes. Ventral surface entirely yellow, or sometimes with pale grey chins. Ventral surface plain without speckling or other markings. Outer surface of forelimbs strong yellowish brown with darker and lighter specks. Juvenile colouration is unknown, but likely to be similar to adults.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31FAE8C8D32A427FF1EFA91FE134A42" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D32A425FF1EFA91FEBA4B0E" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FF1EFA91FEAA4B22" bold="true" box="[197,332,1340,1364]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From Te Kakahu, the Maori name for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE43A58D32A425FCFAFA90FCB74B23" box="[801,849,1341,1365]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (= Chalky Island). The common name is the Te Kakahu skink.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D32A425FF1EFA2EFC1949CE" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FF1EFA2EFE014BEA" bold="true" box="[197,487,1411,1436]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Habitat and life history.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D32A425FE34FA29FD3E4BEA" box="[495,728,1412,1436]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tekakahu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FE34FA29FD3E4BEA" box="[495,728,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Oligosoma tekakahu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently known only to occupy open coastal herbfield and prostrate shrubs growing on chalk chip strata at one location on northwestern Chalky Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9480F68D32A425FB70FA05FEEE4B92" author="Loh" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Loh, G. (2003) Te Kakahu skink hunt. Otago Conservancy, Department of Conservation, Dunedin. (Unpublished) 4 p." type="book" year="2003" yearSuffix="c">
|
||
Loh 2003; this study;
|
||
<figureCitation id="133EE1828D32A425FF4CFA61FF1C4B92" box="[151,250,1484,1508]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1879,1902]" captionTargetBox="[227,1357,193,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[208,1377,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Representative habitats of the members of the Oligosoma inconspicuum species complex. a) O. inconspicuum, Macraes Flat, Otago. b) O. inconspicuum (mahogany form), Sinbad Valley, Fiordland. c) O. tekakahu sp. nov., Chalky Island, Fiordland. d) O. burganae sp. nov., Rock and Pillars Range, central Otago. e) O. toka sp. nov. and O. inconspicuum, Nevis Valley, central Otago. f) O. repens sp. nov. and O. inconspicuum, Eyre Mountains, central Otago." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205470/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
c
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Chalky Island is located in the southern part of the FIORD 72.04 Preservation Ecological District (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9480F68D32A425FF45FA5DFEAE487E" author="McEwen" box="[158,328,1520,1544]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="McEwen W. M. (1987) Ecological Regions and Districts of New Zealand. New Zealand Biological Resources Centre, Department of Conservation, Wellington." type="book" year="1987">McEwen 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a region which consists of non-glaciated coastal plateaus in the south west (
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D32A425FB7EFA5DFAC0487E" box="[1189,1318,1520,1544]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="300.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="100.0">100–500 m</quantity>
|
||
asl). Preservation ED is cool, often cloudy and windy, with high annual rainfall (
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D32A425FC13F9B9FB67485A" box="[968,1153,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="5600.0" valueMax="8000.0" valueMin="3200.0">3200–8000 mm</quantity>
|
||
), typical of Environment O5 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9480F68D32A425FF12F995FE2C4826" author="Leathwick" box="[201,458,1592,1616]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Leathwick, J. R., Morgan, F., Wilson, G., Rutledge, D., McLeod, M. & Johnston, K. (2003) Land Environments of New Zealand - A Technical Guide. Wellington, Ministry for the Environment, 237 pp." type="book" year="2003">
|
||
Leathwick
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FE91F994FE634826" box="[330,389,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). At Chalky Island, these skinks occur in generally high densities at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE43A58D32A425FAD2F994FADF4827" box="[1289,1337,1593,1617]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
|
||
location with over fifty skinks encountered in a small area of
|
||
<date id="FFBBDBC78D32A425FD3AF9F1FCF74802" box="[737,785,1628,1652]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1950-10">50 x</date>
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D32A425FCC3F9F1FCB64802" box="[792,848,1628,1652]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
over two days (this study). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE43A58D32A425FB6CF9F0FB014803" box="[1207,1255,1629,1653]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
|
||
location is at an altitude of
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D32A425FECBF92DFE7748EE" box="[272,401,1664,1688]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" metricValueMax="1.42" metricValueMin="1.34" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="138.0" valueMax="142.0" valueMin="134.0">134–142 m</quantity>
|
||
, at the head of chalk cliffs. The flora around the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE43A58D32A425FC68F92CFC0548EF" box="[947,995,1665,1689]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
|
||
location consists of windswept grasses and complex prostrate shrubs including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D32A425FDBFF909FCB148CA" box="[612,855,1700,1724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Olearia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avicennifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FDBFF909FCB148CA" box="[612,855,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Olearia avicennifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FCB3F908FB8C48CA" box="[872,1130,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D32A425FCB3F908FC0E48CA" box="[872,1000,1701,1724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Olearia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oporina">O. oporina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D32A425FC2DF908FB8C48CA" box="[1014,1130,1701,1724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coprosma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Coprosma</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
spp.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FB6AF909FE2F4896" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D32A425FB6AF909FEA04896" authority="Phormium" authorityName="Phormium" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbellata">Metrosideros umbellata, Phormium</taxonomicName>
|
||
cookianum
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D32A425FE0DF964FCA64896" authority="Helischrysum" authorityName="Helischrysum" box="[470,832,1736,1760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Coriariaceae" genus="Coriaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FE0DF964FD7E4896" box="[470,664,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Coriaria arborea</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FD7DF965FCA64896" box="[678,832,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Helischrysum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D32A425FC95F964FC394896" box="[846,991,1736,1760]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="colensoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FC95F964FC394896" box="[846,991,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Poa colensoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D32A425FC36F965FB504896" box="[1005,1206,1736,1760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Haloragaceae" genus="Haloragis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erectus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FC36F965FB504896" box="[1005,1206,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Haloragis erectus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D32A425FB1FF965FA724896" box="[1220,1428,1736,1760]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Griselina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="littoralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FB1FF965FA724896" box="[1220,1428,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Griselina littoralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D32A425FF4CF941FED34972" box="[151,309,1772,1796]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Hebe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elliptica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FF4CF941FED34972" box="[151,309,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hebe elliptica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D32A425FE98F941FE054972" box="[323,483,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pimelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lyallii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FE98F941FE054972" box="[323,483,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pimelia lyallii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D32A425FDFAF941FC524972" authority="Loh 2003" authorityName="Loh" authorityYear="2003" box="[545,948,1772,1796]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chionochloa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conspicua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FDFAF941FCCD4972" box="[545,811,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chionochloa conspicua</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9480F68D32A425FCE2F941FC4A4972" author="Loh" box="[825,940,1772,1796]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Loh, G. (2003) Te Kakahu skink hunt. Otago Conservancy, Department of Conservation, Dunedin. (Unpublished) 4 p." type="book" year="2003">Loh 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The skink is currently known to be associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D32A425FED3F8BDFE1F495E" box="[264,505,1808,1832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Olearia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avicennifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FED3F8BDFE1F495E" box="[264,505,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Olearia avicennifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D32A425FDD3F8BCFD63495E" box="[520,645,1809,1832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Olearia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oporina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FDD3F8BCFD63495E" box="[520,645,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">O. oporina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the grasses
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FCCCF8BCFC88495E" box="[791,878,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D32A425FCCCF8BCFCBD495E" box="[791,859,1809,1832]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Carex</taxonomicName>
|
||
s
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
pp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D32A425FC11F8BDFB83495E" box="[970,1125,1808,1832]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Rytidosperma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FC11F8BDFB83495E" box="[970,1125,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rytidosperma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (this study). Although the extent of habitat similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE43A58D32A425FDCEF898FDA3493B" box="[533,581,1845,1869]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
|
||
location is remarkably small on the entire island,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D32A425FBA9F898FB1F493A" box="[1138,1273,1844,1868]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tekakahu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D32A425FBA9F898FB1F493A" box="[1138,1273,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">O. tekakahu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also likely to also occupy the largely inaccessible coastal vegetation and prostate scrub vegetation along the entire coastline of Chalky Island. Skinks have also adapted to open areas created within the scrub by the cutting of tracks leading to and away from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE43A58D32A425FEB4F80CFE7949CF" box="[367,415,1953,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
|
||
location, an observation also recorded by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9480F68D32A425FCA2F80DFC1D49CE" author="Loh" box="[889,1019,1952,1976]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Loh, G. (2003) Te Kakahu skink hunt. Otago Conservancy, Department of Conservation, Dunedin. (Unpublished) 4 p." type="book" year="2003">Loh (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7AAD8F8D33A424FF4CF814FC3F4998" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205471/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[325,1271,202,1956]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D33A424FF4CF814FC3F4998" blockId="17.[151,1436,1977,2030]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D33A424FF4CF814FEC949A6" bold="true" box="[151,303,1977,2000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FIGURE 6. a)</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D33A424FE63F817FDD549B9" box="[440,563,1977,1999]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tekakahu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D33A424FE63F817FDD549B9" box="[440,563,1977,1999]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">O. tekakahu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(RE006879), Chalky Island.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D33A424FCBAF814FC9E49A6" bold="true" box="[865,888,1977,2000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">b)</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view of the head of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D33A424FB1AF817FADA49B9" box="[1217,1340,1977,1999]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tekakahu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D33A424FB1AF817FADA49B9" box="[1217,1340,1977,1999]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">O. tekakahu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype (RE006879).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D33A424FEFAF87AFED34998" bold="true" box="[289,309,2007,2030]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">c)</emphasis>
|
||
Live specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D33A424FE2AF874FD8D4998" box="[497,619,2008,2030]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tekakahu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D33A424FE2AF874FD8D4998" box="[497,619,2008,2030]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">O. tekakahu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the type locality (Chalky Island).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D30A427FF1CFF35FF054CD1" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1077]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FF1CFF35FE564EC6" box="[199,432,152,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tekakahu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FF1CFF35FE564EC6" box="[199,432,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Oligosoma tekakahu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a diurnal, terrestrial species, and strongly heliothermic with avid sun-basking behaviour even during windy conditions by utilising sheltered micro-sites (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9480F68D30A427FC6BFF11FB024EA2" author="Loh" box="[944,1252,188,212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Loh, G. (2003) Te Kakahu skink hunt. Otago Conservancy, Department of Conservation, Dunedin. (Unpublished) 4 p." type="book" year="2003">Loh 2003, TPB, pers. obs.</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The following observations on Te Kakahu skinks were made by TPB. The skinks will bask readily on chalk flakes in air temperatures up to 23.8 °C, above which they retreat to bask partially shaded within vegetation. Basking extends to as late as 8 pm in the mid-summer.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FE04FE85FD2E4F36" box="[479,712,296,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tekakahu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FE04FE85FD2E4F36" box="[479,712,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Oligosoma tekakahu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear to have small home ranges and do not appear to defend territories, often basking in close proximity to other skinks. Skinks generally forage or bask in close proximity to cover or vegetation, but will cross quickly between habitat patches over chalk. The sex ratio of captured skinks was almost equal (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D03368E8D30A427FEE2FE39FE734FDA" box="[313,405,404,428]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D03368E8D30A427FE42FE39FDED4FDA" box="[409,523,404,428]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">6 females</specimenCount>
|
||
). Almost all adult female skinks were heavily gravid by January, and three neonates were sighted, suggesting the possibility of an unusually early season parturition period in late January. The smallest reproductively mature individual was a
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D30A427FD67FE71FCED4F82" box="[700,779,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="61.0">61 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL gravid female. These skinks flick their tongues relatively frequently as they move. Their tongues were noted to be relatively long and coloured bluish-grey. The incidence of regenerated tails or body scarring evident in the sample (N = 15) was generally high (53%). The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F312BD978D30A427FABCFD88FF174C29" name="New Zealand" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
falcon (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FE96FDE5FDA94C16" box="[333,591,584,608]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Falco" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novaezeelandiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FE96FDE5FDA94C16" box="[333,591,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Falco novaezeelandiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is likely to be a predator and was recorded daily at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE43A58D30A427FB67FDE5FB0A4C16" box="[1212,1260,584,608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
|
||
location during the field work for this study (TPB, pers. obs.). There are no other known sympatric species of lizard on Chalky Island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D30A427FF1EFD1EFE134A42" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1077]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FF1EFD1EFE5C4CBA" bold="true" box="[197,442,691,716]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
The Te Kakahu skink is currently considered Nationally Critical (criterion A. Naturally or unnaturally very small natural population; with qualifiers Conservation Dependent, Data Poor, and One Location) in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F312BD978D30A427FEC3FD50FE484D62" box="[280,430,764,788]" name="New Zealand" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
Department of Conservation’s national threat classification list (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9480F68D30A427FB5BFD51FA774D62" author="Hitchmough" box="[1152,1425,764,788]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Hitchmough, R. A., Hoare, J. M., Jamieson, H., Newman, D., Tocher, M. D., Anderson, P. J., Lettink, M. & Whitaker, A. H. (2010) Conservation status of New Zealand reptiles, 2009. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 37, 203 - 224." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Hitchmough
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FACEFD50FAAB4D62" box="[1301,1357,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These skinks appear to be very locally abundant, and may yet be found in new locations on Chalky Island and nearby islands such as the Passage and Coal Islands. Protection is provided by the status of a mammalian predatorfree offshore island within a national park, and along with ongoing monitoring for invasive mammal incursions by the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F312BD978D30A427FF64FC20FEB34DD2" box="[191,341,908,932]" name="New Zealand" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
Department of Conservation. Potential future threats appear to be the invasive mammal pests (e.g. rats,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FF14FC1CFEF04DBE" box="[207,278,945,968]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FF14FC1CFEF04DBE" box="[207,278,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., and stoats,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FE04FC1DFD784DBE" box="[479,670,944,968]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FE04FC1DFD784DBE" box="[479,670,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mustela erminea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) which are present on the adjacent mainland. These skinks exhibit highly naive behaviour to potentially novel predators, and would likely suffer severe losses as a result of invasion of rats or stoats. Stoats were present until 1999 on Te Kakahu Island and the population is likely to be in the process of recovery from their impacts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |