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<document id="6E65322B90B5AEBCEBE11ACCA84AAD79" ID-DOI="10.5252/adansonia2023v45a12" ID-ISSN="1639-4798" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8006364" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1685974026623" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pace, Marcelo R., Marcati, Carmen R., Lohmann, Lúcia G. &amp; Angyalossy, Veronica" docDate="2023" docId="039687DCFFDF91248F42C455FE7CADA0" docLanguage="en" docName="Adansonia.45.12.167-210.pdf" docOrigin="Adansonia (3) 45 (12)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2FE19AC740987067EC2A6C89A85F9648.8:Adansonia.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="2FE19AC740987067EC2A6C89A85F9648" docStyleName="Adansonia.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Tanaecium" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="190" masterDocId="FFAFFFA4FFC7913D8E1CC261FFBBA94E" masterDocTitle="Bark anatomy of lianescent Bignoniaceae: a generic synopsis" masterLastPageNumber="210" masterPageNumber="167" pageNumber="189" updateTime="1686164729893" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="2FD22C4EDFD1F1C721667FACD03DBEB1">Bark anatomy of lianescent Bignoniaceae: a generic synopsis</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A3264B59FDC8280E06303DB7DAC24D86">Pace, Marcelo R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="31667E57D89C641CF467F8344009F3DC">Marcati, Carmen R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ED3444FD226B94CB5EE3AF382401D0AB">Lohmann, Lúcia G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FA36E95F4A26D79EF4ECB8601E0E2074">Angyalossy, Veronica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C6AA2F1BCC73F502A2E4F6A576090323">Adansonia</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9032F0FD8641DB81D1343BF71D854B1C">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4DEA571103BC8C19218479A2E79667E9">2023-05-30</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039687DCFFDF91248F42C455FE7CADA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687DCFFDF91248F42C455FE7CADA0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687DCFFDF91248F42C455FE7CADA0" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">
<subSubSection id="C3256541FFDF91258F42C455FD95AF03" box="[350,558,1587,1614]" pageId="24" pageNumber="189" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFDF91258F42C455FD95AF03" blockId="24.[350,558,1587,1614]" box="[350,558,1587,1614]" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">
X.
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDF91258F62C455FE4BAF03" ID-CoL="99K7P" box="[382,496,1588,1613]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tanaecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDF91258F62C455FE4BAF03" box="[382,496,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Tanaecium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3256541FFDF91248E98C40DFE7CADA0" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="24" pageNumber="189" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFDF91258E98C40DFD77AE73" blockId="24.[131,777,1644,2027]" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">
<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFDF91258E98C40DFF44AFCC" baselines="1661,1662" box="[132,255,1644,1667]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Taxonomic" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">TAXONOMIC</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFDF91258F19C410FE35AFCC" baselines="1662" box="[261,398,1649,1666]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="information" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">INFORMATION</smallCapsWord>
. — This clade contains a single genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDF91258E98C4E6FF56AFD0" box="[132,237,1671,1694]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tanaecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDF91258E98C4E6FF56AFD0" box="[132,237,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Tanaecium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with four phloem wedges in transversal section and a single species,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDF91258F35C4C0FEADAF9D" authority="(A. H. Gentry) Zuntini &amp; L. G. Lohmann" authorityName="Zuntini &amp; L. G. Lohmann" baseAuthorityName="A. H. Gentry" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tanaecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetramerum">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDF91258F35C4C0FDBCAFF6" box="[297,519,1697,1720]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Tanaecium tetramerum</emphasis>
(A.H.Gentry) Zuntini &amp; L.G.Lohmann
</taxonomicName>
, that lacks phloem wedges and only shows a regular phloem.
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDF91258EC3C4B7FEF3AFA3" box="[223,328,1750,1773]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tanaecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDF91258EC3C4B7FEF3AFA3" box="[223,328,1750,1773]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Tanaecium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently includes species from seven previously recognized genera (
<tableCitation id="C6BD0371FFDF91258F6FC491FE0CAE46" box="[371,439,1776,1800]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="4.[132,143,220,237]" captionTargetId="graphics-462@4.[132,1455,417,1315]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. — Past and present taxonomic circunscription of the genera in Bignonieae according to Lohmann (2006). *, Species segregated from Tanaecium to a monophyletic Bignonia; **, species segregrated from Pyrostegia to a monophyletic Cuspidaria." pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Table 1</tableCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDF91258FD0C491FD8FAE46" box="[460,564,1776,1800]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Arrabidaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDF91258FD0C491FD8FAE46" box="[460,564,1776,1800]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Arrabidaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDF91258C22C491FCB8AE46" authority="Pittier" authorityName="Pittier" box="[574,771,1776,1800]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Ceratophytum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDF91258C22C491FD7AAE46" box="[574,705,1776,1800]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Ceratophytum</emphasis>
Pittier
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDF91258E98C56AFE36AE6D" authority="A. H. Gentry" authorityName="A. H. Gentry" box="[132,397,1803,1827]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Pseudocatalpa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDF91258E98C56AFEB1AE6D" box="[132,266,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Pseudocatalpa</emphasis>
A.H.Gentry
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDF91258F85C56AFF40AE73" authority="J. C. Gomes, Sphingiphila A. H. Gentry" authorityName="J. C. Gomes, Sphingiphila A. H. Gentry" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Spathicalyx" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDF91258F85C56AFDBDAE6D" box="[409,518,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Spathicalyx</emphasis>
J.C.Gomes,
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDF91258C90C56AFCBDAE6D" box="[652,774,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Sphingiphila</emphasis>
A.H.Gentry
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDF91258F1AC547FE09AE73" authority="Bureau" authorityName="Bureau" box="[262,434,1830,1853]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Paragonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDF91258F1AC547FEDFAE73" box="[262,356,1830,1853]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Paragonia</emphasis>
Bureau
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDF91258FFBC544FD77AE73" authority="A. Samp." box="[487,716,1829,1853]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Periarrabidaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDF91258FFBC544FDCAAE73" box="[487,625,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Periarrabidaea</emphasis>
A.Samp.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFDF91258E98C534FE97AEC8" blockId="24.[131,777,1644,2027]" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">
<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFDF91258E98C534FF7CAE25" baselines="1894,1895" box="[132,199,1877,1900]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Total" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">TOTAL</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFDF91258ED0C53BFEA6AE24" baselines="1894" box="[204,285,1882,1898]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="number" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">NUMBER</smallCapsWord>
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<collectionCode id="ED2EAE0FFFDF91258F3FC53BFE87AE25" box="[291,316,1882,1899]" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">OF</collectionCode>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFDF91258F5DC53BFE33AE25" baselines="1895" box="[321,392,1882,1899]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="species" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">SPECIES</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFDF91258F91C53BFE19AE24" baselines="1894" box="[397,418,1882,1898]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="in" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">IN</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFDF91258FB4C53BFE6FAE25" baselines="1895" box="[424,468,1882,1899]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="this" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">THIS</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFDF91258FC4C53BFDAEAE25" baselines="1895" box="[472,533,1882,1899]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="clade" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">CLADE</smallCapsWord>
. — 21 species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B3BFFDF91258CB1C534FEA4AEC9" author="FRAZAO A. &amp; LOHMANN L. G." pageId="24" pageNumber="189" pagination="31 - 52" refId="ref28821" refString="FRAZAO A. &amp; LOHMANN L. G. 2019. - An updated synopsis of Tanaecium (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae). PhytoKeys 132: 31 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / phytokeys. 132.37538" type="journal article" year="2019">Frazão &amp; Lohmann 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFDF91258E98C5FEFDC6AEA5" blockId="24.[131,777,1644,2027]" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">
<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFDF91258E98C5FEFF61AEFA" baselines="1969,1968" box="[132,218,1951,1975]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Studied" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">STUDIED</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFDF91258EC2C5C5FE9FAEFB" baselines="1969" box="[222,292,1956,1973]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="species" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">SPECIES</smallCapsWord>
. — Three species,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDF91258FCEC5FEFEAFAE9F" authority="(Sprague) L. G. Lohmann" authorityName="L. G. Lohmann" baseAuthorityName="Sprague" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tanaecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bilabiatum">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDF91258FCEC5FEFD1FAEF8" box="[466,676,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Tanaecium bilabiatum</emphasis>
(Sprague) L.G.Lohmann
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDF91258F3CC5DBFD20AE9F" authority="(Rich.) L. G. Lohmann" authorityName="L. G. Lohmann" baseAuthorityName="Rich." box="[288,667,1977,2001]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tanaecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyramidatum">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDF91258F3CC5DBFE02AE9F" box="[288,441,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">T. pyramidatum</emphasis>
(Rich.) L.G.Lohmann
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDF91258CC8C5DBFDC6AEA5" authority="(A. H. Gentry) Zuntini &amp; L. G. Lohmann." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tanaecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetramerum">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDF91258CC8C5DBFF5AAEA5" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">T. tetramerum</emphasis>
(A.H. Gentry) Zuntini &amp; L.G.Lohmann.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFDF91258D31C452FC77AF03" blockId="24.[811,1455,1587,1741]" box="[813,972,1587,1613]" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">
<heading id="D0C881A6FFDF91258D31C452FC77AF03" box="[813,972,1587,1613]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="189" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDF91258D31C452FC77AF03" box="[813,972,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Regular phloem</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFDF91258D31C432FC1CAF83" blockId="24.[811,1455,1587,1741]" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">
Thin to thick fiber bands, assemblages generally present (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFDF91258D2AC412FC27AFC3" box="[822,924,1651,1677]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,1331,1348]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-254@24.[132,1456,215,1289]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 13. — Secondary phloem of Tanaecium and Callichlamys: A-E, transverse sections: A-C, Tanaecium pyramidatum; A, regular phloem. Tiny sieve tubes (arrows) mostly in assemblages with parenchyma cells. Thin fiber band of up to 3 cells; B, variant phloem to the same scale as the previous photo. Semi-fibrous phloem. Note sieve tubes (arrows) much wider. Rays lignified or not in random portions; C, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes (*) with one to two companion cells (yellow arrows) lying in the same corner of the sieve tube. Sieve-tube-centric axial parenchyma; D, Tanaecium tetramerum, thin fiber bands. Sieve tubes with one companion cell each (insert); E, F, Callichlamys latifolia; E, variant phloem. Sieve tubes (arrows) solitary or in short multiples. Non-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin; F, longitudinal tangential section. Sieve tubes (arrows) with inclined, compound sieve plates. Rays uni- to biseriate. Scale bars: A-C 100 μm; D-F, 200 μm; insert, 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006400/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
), but absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDF91258A4FC415FB56AFC3" box="[1107,1261,1652,1677]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tanaecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetramerum">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDF91258A4FC415FB56AFC3" box="[1107,1261,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">T. tetramerum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Exclusively thin fiber bands occur in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDF91258A1CC4F2FB52AFE3" box="[1024,1257,1683,1709]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tanaecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bilabiatum">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDF91258A1CC4F2FB52AFE3" box="[1024,1257,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Tanaecium bilabiatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDF91258B01C4F2FA14AFE2" box="[1309,1455,1683,1708]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tanaecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetramerum">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDF91258B01C4F2FA14AFE2" box="[1309,1455,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">T. tetramerum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFDF91258D2AC4D3FC22AF83" box="[822,921,1714,1741]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,1331,1348]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-254@24.[132,1456,215,1289]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 13. — Secondary phloem of Tanaecium and Callichlamys: A-E, transverse sections: A-C, Tanaecium pyramidatum; A, regular phloem. Tiny sieve tubes (arrows) mostly in assemblages with parenchyma cells. Thin fiber band of up to 3 cells; B, variant phloem to the same scale as the previous photo. Semi-fibrous phloem. Note sieve tubes (arrows) much wider. Rays lignified or not in random portions; C, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes (*) with one to two companion cells (yellow arrows) lying in the same corner of the sieve tube. Sieve-tube-centric axial parenchyma; D, Tanaecium tetramerum, thin fiber bands. Sieve tubes with one companion cell each (insert); E, F, Callichlamys latifolia; E, variant phloem. Sieve tubes (arrows) solitary or in short multiples. Non-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin; F, longitudinal tangential section. Sieve tubes (arrows) with inclined, compound sieve plates. Rays uni- to biseriate. Scale bars: A-C 100 μm; D-F, 200 μm; insert, 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006400/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFDF91258D31C492FC76AE42" blockId="24.[811,1456,1778,2028]" box="[813,973,1778,1804]" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">
<heading id="D0C881A6FFDF91258D31C492FC76AE42" box="[813,973,1778,1804]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="189" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDF91258D31C492FC76AE42" box="[813,973,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Variant phloem</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFDF91258D31C573FB59AEA2" blockId="24.[811,1456,1778,2028]" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDF91258D31C573FB99AE62" bold="true" box="[813,1058,1810,1836]" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">General configuration.</emphasis>
Semi-fibrous (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFDF91258AA1C573FA8DAE62" box="[1213,1334,1810,1837]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,1331,1348]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-254@24.[132,1456,215,1289]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 13. — Secondary phloem of Tanaecium and Callichlamys: A-E, transverse sections: A-C, Tanaecium pyramidatum; A, regular phloem. Tiny sieve tubes (arrows) mostly in assemblages with parenchyma cells. Thin fiber band of up to 3 cells; B, variant phloem to the same scale as the previous photo. Semi-fibrous phloem. Note sieve tubes (arrows) much wider. Rays lignified or not in random portions; C, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes (*) with one to two companion cells (yellow arrows) lying in the same corner of the sieve tube. Sieve-tube-centric axial parenchyma; D, Tanaecium tetramerum, thin fiber bands. Sieve tubes with one companion cell each (insert); E, F, Callichlamys latifolia; E, variant phloem. Sieve tubes (arrows) solitary or in short multiples. Non-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin; F, longitudinal tangential section. Sieve tubes (arrows) with inclined, compound sieve plates. Rays uni- to biseriate. Scale bars: A-C 100 μm; D-F, 200 μm; insert, 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006400/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Fig. 13B, C</figureCitation>
) to fibrous, with semi-fibrous species (
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDF91258A54C552FAF7AE02" box="[1096,1356,1842,1868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tanaecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyramidatum">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDF91258A54C552FAF7AE02" box="[1096,1356,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Tanaecium pyramidatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) exhibiting fiber bands alternating with 4-8 rows of sieve elements and phloem parenchyma (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFDF91258A57C513FB76AEC2" box="[1099,1229,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,1331,1348]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-254@24.[132,1456,215,1289]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 13. — Secondary phloem of Tanaecium and Callichlamys: A-E, transverse sections: A-C, Tanaecium pyramidatum; A, regular phloem. Tiny sieve tubes (arrows) mostly in assemblages with parenchyma cells. Thin fiber band of up to 3 cells; B, variant phloem to the same scale as the previous photo. Semi-fibrous phloem. Note sieve tubes (arrows) much wider. Rays lignified or not in random portions; C, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes (*) with one to two companion cells (yellow arrows) lying in the same corner of the sieve tube. Sieve-tube-centric axial parenchyma; D, Tanaecium tetramerum, thin fiber bands. Sieve tubes with one companion cell each (insert); E, F, Callichlamys latifolia; E, variant phloem. Sieve tubes (arrows) solitary or in short multiples. Non-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin; F, longitudinal tangential section. Sieve tubes (arrows) with inclined, compound sieve plates. Rays uni- to biseriate. Scale bars: A-C 100 μm; D-F, 200 μm; insert, 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006400/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Fig. 13B, C</figureCitation>
), and fibrous species (
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDF91258D2AC5F2FB9EAEE2" box="[822,1061,1938,1964]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tanaecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bilabiatum">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDF91258D2AC5F2FB9EAEE2" box="[822,1061,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Tanaecium bilabiatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) showing a matrix of fibers that intermingle all other cells. The axial elements exhibit a diffuse to tangential arrangement (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFDF91258A48C5B0FB6FAEA2" box="[1108,1236,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,1331,1348]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-254@24.[132,1456,215,1289]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 13. — Secondary phloem of Tanaecium and Callichlamys: A-E, transverse sections: A-C, Tanaecium pyramidatum; A, regular phloem. Tiny sieve tubes (arrows) mostly in assemblages with parenchyma cells. Thin fiber band of up to 3 cells; B, variant phloem to the same scale as the previous photo. Semi-fibrous phloem. Note sieve tubes (arrows) much wider. Rays lignified or not in random portions; C, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes (*) with one to two companion cells (yellow arrows) lying in the same corner of the sieve tube. Sieve-tube-centric axial parenchyma; D, Tanaecium tetramerum, thin fiber bands. Sieve tubes with one companion cell each (insert); E, F, Callichlamys latifolia; E, variant phloem. Sieve tubes (arrows) solitary or in short multiples. Non-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin; F, longitudinal tangential section. Sieve tubes (arrows) with inclined, compound sieve plates. Rays uni- to biseriate. Scale bars: A-C 100 μm; D-F, 200 μm; insert, 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006400/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="189">Fig. 13B, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFDE91248E98C2B6FD72A8DC" blockId="25.[130,776,215,402]" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDE91248E98C2B6FED8A9BC" bold="true" box="[132,355,215,242]" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">Sieve-tube elements.</emphasis>
As seen in transversal section, each sieve element is associated with 1-2 companion cells (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFDE91248C8AC299FD42A85C" box="[662,761,248,274]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,1331,1348]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-254@24.[132,1456,215,1289]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 13. — Secondary phloem of Tanaecium and Callichlamys: A-E, transverse sections: A-C, Tanaecium pyramidatum; A, regular phloem. Tiny sieve tubes (arrows) mostly in assemblages with parenchyma cells. Thin fiber band of up to 3 cells; B, variant phloem to the same scale as the previous photo. Semi-fibrous phloem. Note sieve tubes (arrows) much wider. Rays lignified or not in random portions; C, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes (*) with one to two companion cells (yellow arrows) lying in the same corner of the sieve tube. Sieve-tube-centric axial parenchyma; D, Tanaecium tetramerum, thin fiber bands. Sieve tubes with one companion cell each (insert); E, F, Callichlamys latifolia; E, variant phloem. Sieve tubes (arrows) solitary or in short multiples. Non-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin; F, longitudinal tangential section. Sieve tubes (arrows) with inclined, compound sieve plates. Rays uni- to biseriate. Scale bars: A-C 100 μm; D-F, 200 μm; insert, 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006400/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
). The sieve elements are generally solitary or in multiples of 2-3 cells (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFDE91248EF3C356FEE9A81C" box="[239,338,311,338]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,1331,1348]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-254@24.[132,1456,215,1289]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 13. — Secondary phloem of Tanaecium and Callichlamys: A-E, transverse sections: A-C, Tanaecium pyramidatum; A, regular phloem. Tiny sieve tubes (arrows) mostly in assemblages with parenchyma cells. Thin fiber band of up to 3 cells; B, variant phloem to the same scale as the previous photo. Semi-fibrous phloem. Note sieve tubes (arrows) much wider. Rays lignified or not in random portions; C, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes (*) with one to two companion cells (yellow arrows) lying in the same corner of the sieve tube. Sieve-tube-centric axial parenchyma; D, Tanaecium tetramerum, thin fiber bands. Sieve tubes with one companion cell each (insert); E, F, Callichlamys latifolia; E, variant phloem. Sieve tubes (arrows) solitary or in short multiples. Non-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin; F, longitudinal tangential section. Sieve tubes (arrows) with inclined, compound sieve plates. Rays uni- to biseriate. Scale bars: A-C 100 μm; D-F, 200 μm; insert, 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006400/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
). As seen in tangential section, the sieve elements are short (&lt;
<quantity id="4CC79B2FFFDE91248F74C336FE12A83F" box="[360,425,343,369]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
) and their end walls are inclined, bearing compound sieve plates with 16-18 sieve areas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFDE91248E98C3D6FE57ABDE" blockId="25.[132,775,439,657]" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDE91248E98C3D6FEEFA89F" bold="true" box="[132,340,439,465]" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">Axial parenchyma.</emphasis>
The phloem parenchyma is sieve-tube-centric incomplete. In
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDE91248F65C3B9FDC5A8BF" box="[377,638,471,497]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tanaecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyramidatum">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDE91248F65C3B9FDC5A8BF" box="[377,638,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">Tanaecium pyramidatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the phloem parenchyma is much more abundant, also forming radial rows (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFDE91248ED4C076FEF7AB7F" box="[200,332,535,561]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,1331,1348]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-254@24.[132,1456,215,1289]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 13. — Secondary phloem of Tanaecium and Callichlamys: A-E, transverse sections: A-C, Tanaecium pyramidatum; A, regular phloem. Tiny sieve tubes (arrows) mostly in assemblages with parenchyma cells. Thin fiber band of up to 3 cells; B, variant phloem to the same scale as the previous photo. Semi-fibrous phloem. Note sieve tubes (arrows) much wider. Rays lignified or not in random portions; C, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes (*) with one to two companion cells (yellow arrows) lying in the same corner of the sieve tube. Sieve-tube-centric axial parenchyma; D, Tanaecium tetramerum, thin fiber bands. Sieve tubes with one companion cell each (insert); E, F, Callichlamys latifolia; E, variant phloem. Sieve tubes (arrows) solitary or in short multiples. Non-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin; F, longitudinal tangential section. Sieve tubes (arrows) with inclined, compound sieve plates. Rays uni- to biseriate. Scale bars: A-C 100 μm; D-F, 200 μm; insert, 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006400/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">Fig. 13B, C</figureCitation>
) that may be lignified in some portions (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFDE91248E92C057FEAEAB1F" box="[142,277,566,593]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,1331,1348]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-254@24.[132,1456,215,1289]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 13. — Secondary phloem of Tanaecium and Callichlamys: A-E, transverse sections: A-C, Tanaecium pyramidatum; A, regular phloem. Tiny sieve tubes (arrows) mostly in assemblages with parenchyma cells. Thin fiber band of up to 3 cells; B, variant phloem to the same scale as the previous photo. Semi-fibrous phloem. Note sieve tubes (arrows) much wider. Rays lignified or not in random portions; C, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes (*) with one to two companion cells (yellow arrows) lying in the same corner of the sieve tube. Sieve-tube-centric axial parenchyma; D, Tanaecium tetramerum, thin fiber bands. Sieve tubes with one companion cell each (insert); E, F, Callichlamys latifolia; E, variant phloem. Sieve tubes (arrows) solitary or in short multiples. Non-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin; F, longitudinal tangential section. Sieve tubes (arrows) with inclined, compound sieve plates. Rays uni- to biseriate. Scale bars: A-C 100 μm; D-F, 200 μm; insert, 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006400/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">Fig. 13B, C</figureCitation>
), completely lignified in the nonconducting phloem. In
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDE91248F15C036FE22AB3E" box="[265,409,598,624]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tanaecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bilabiatum">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDE91248F15C036FE22AB3E" box="[265,409,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">T. bilabiatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, incomplete tangential rows may be found near the sieve elements.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFDE91248E98C0D7FE75AA5E" blockId="25.[131,775,694,784]" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDE91248E98C0D7FF75AB9E" bold="true" box="[132,206,694,720]" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">Fibers.</emphasis>
In
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDE91248EF3C0D6FE2DAB9E" box="[239,406,694,720]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tanaecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyramidatum">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDE91248EF3C0D6FE2DAB9E" box="[239,406,694,720]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">T. pyramidatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the fiber band has 1-2 rows of cells (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFDE91248E91C0B7FEB1ABBE" box="[141,266,726,752]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,1331,1348]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-254@24.[132,1456,215,1289]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 13. — Secondary phloem of Tanaecium and Callichlamys: A-E, transverse sections: A-C, Tanaecium pyramidatum; A, regular phloem. Tiny sieve tubes (arrows) mostly in assemblages with parenchyma cells. Thin fiber band of up to 3 cells; B, variant phloem to the same scale as the previous photo. Semi-fibrous phloem. Note sieve tubes (arrows) much wider. Rays lignified or not in random portions; C, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes (*) with one to two companion cells (yellow arrows) lying in the same corner of the sieve tube. Sieve-tube-centric axial parenchyma; D, Tanaecium tetramerum, thin fiber bands. Sieve tubes with one companion cell each (insert); E, F, Callichlamys latifolia; E, variant phloem. Sieve tubes (arrows) solitary or in short multiples. Non-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin; F, longitudinal tangential section. Sieve tubes (arrows) with inclined, compound sieve plates. Rays uni- to biseriate. Scale bars: A-C 100 μm; D-F, 200 μm; insert, 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006400/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">Fig. 13B, C</figureCitation>
), while in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDE91248F64C0B6FDBCABBE" box="[376,519,726,752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tanaecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bilabiatum">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDE91248F64C0B6FDBCABBE" box="[376,519,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">T. bilabiatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the fibers form a matrix that intermingle all other cells.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFDE91248E98C157FE36AAE1" blockId="25.[130,777,822,943]" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDE91248E98C157FF05AA1E" bold="true" box="[132,190,822,848]" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">Rays.</emphasis>
The limiting rays are lignified to both xylem and phloem faces, with a radial row non-lignified between them. The wedge rays have randomly alternating portions lignified and non-lignified (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFDE91248F3DC1F4FE3BAAE1" box="[289,384,917,943]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,1331,1348]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-254@24.[132,1456,215,1289]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 13. — Secondary phloem of Tanaecium and Callichlamys: A-E, transverse sections: A-C, Tanaecium pyramidatum; A, regular phloem. Tiny sieve tubes (arrows) mostly in assemblages with parenchyma cells. Thin fiber band of up to 3 cells; B, variant phloem to the same scale as the previous photo. Semi-fibrous phloem. Note sieve tubes (arrows) much wider. Rays lignified or not in random portions; C, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes (*) with one to two companion cells (yellow arrows) lying in the same corner of the sieve tube. Sieve-tube-centric axial parenchyma; D, Tanaecium tetramerum, thin fiber bands. Sieve tubes with one companion cell each (insert); E, F, Callichlamys latifolia; E, variant phloem. Sieve tubes (arrows) solitary or in short multiples. Non-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin; F, longitudinal tangential section. Sieve tubes (arrows) with inclined, compound sieve plates. Rays uni- to biseriate. Scale bars: A-C 100 μm; D-F, 200 μm; insert, 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006400/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFDE91248E98C1B4FE85AAA1" blockId="25.[132,318,981,1007]" box="[132,318,981,1007]" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">
<heading id="D0C881A6FFDE91248E98C1B4FE85AAA1" box="[132,318,981,1007]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="190" reason="7">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDE91248E98C1B4FF5FAAA1" bold="true" box="[132,228,981,1007]" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">Crystals.</emphasis>
Absent.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFDE91248E98C674FF59AD61" blockId="25.[132,776,1045,1262]" box="[132,226,1045,1071]" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">
<heading id="D0C881A6FFDE91248E98C674FF59AD61" box="[132,226,1045,1071]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="190" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDE91248E98C674FF59AD61" box="[132,226,1045,1071]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">Periderm</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFDE91248E98C654FE7CADA0" blockId="25.[132,776,1045,1262]" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE0FFFDE91248E98C654FF2EAD01" box="[132,149,1077,1103]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="25" pageNumber="190" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
single periderm is formed. The phellem is stratified in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDE91248CC8C657FED8AD21" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tanaecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyramidatum">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDE91248CC8C657FED8AD21" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">Tanaecium pyramidatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDE91248F81C634FD8FAD20" box="[413,564,1109,1134]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tanaecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetramerum">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDE91248F81C634FD8FAD20" box="[413,564,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">T. tetramerum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, non-stratified and thin-walled in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDE91248F30C614FE7BADC0" box="[300,448,1140,1166]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tanaecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bilabiatum">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDE91248F30C614FE7BADC0" box="[300,448,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">T. bilabiatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C6BD0371FFDE91248FCDC615FD98ADC1" box="[465,547,1140,1167]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="6.[506,517,219,236]" captionTargetId="graphics-35@6.[132,1455,651,2022]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. — Description of the periderm of the lianas of Bignoniaceae." pageId="25" pageNumber="190">Table 2</tableCitation>
). The phelloderm is thick, with over three layers of cells, non-stratified. Lenticels were only observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFDE91248F61C6D4FD9EAD80" box="[381,549,1204,1230]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tanaecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyramidatum">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFDE91248F61C6D4FD9EAD80" box="[381,549,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="190">T. pyramidatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, non-stratified, with lignified filling cells (
<tableCitation id="C6BD0371FFDE91248F7BC6B5FE0CADA0" box="[359,439,1236,1262]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="6.[506,517,219,236]" captionTargetId="graphics-35@6.[132,1455,651,2022]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. — Description of the periderm of the lianas of Bignoniaceae." pageId="25" pageNumber="190">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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