treatments-xml/data/03/96/87/039687DCFFC991328DEBC097FB94AEA2.xml

<document id="1CDC2768AB70283C4AA793C98E2A01CD" ID-DOI="10.5252/adansonia2023v45a12" ID-ISSN="1639-4798" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8006364" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1685974026623" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pace, Marcelo R., Marcati, Carmen R., Lohmann, Lúcia G. &amp; Angyalossy, Veronica" docDate="2023" docId="039687DCFFC991328DEBC097FB94AEA2" docLanguage="en" docName="Adansonia.45.12.167-210.pdf" docOrigin="Adansonia (3) 45 (12)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2FE19AC740987067EC2A6C89A85F9648.8:Adansonia.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="2FE19AC740987067EC2A6C89A85F9648" docStyleName="Adansonia.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Stizophyllum" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="180" masterDocId="FFAFFFA4FFC7913D8E1CC261FFBBA94E" masterDocTitle="Bark anatomy of lianescent Bignoniaceae: a generic synopsis" masterLastPageNumber="210" masterPageNumber="167" pageNumber="179" updateTime="1686164729893" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="4FE44A6DBFB7993B28B00060ECBDE82A">Bark anatomy of lianescent Bignoniaceae: a generic synopsis</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="92CC38C4BC304DD8D53F05BE229F63D7">Pace, Marcelo R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="94C28BA006C5E95FBCFA773E9D35D825">Marcati, Carmen R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E24B823FB5BCF0ADED858A7F5228A528">Adansonia</mods:title>
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<treatment id="039687DCFFC991328DEBC097FB94AEA2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687DCFFC991328DEBC097FB94AEA2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687DCFFC991328DEBC097FB94AEA2" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="180" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">
<subSubSection id="C3256541FFC991338DEBC097FB5EAA5E" box="[1015,1253,758,784]" pageId="14" pageNumber="179" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFC991338DEBC097FB5EAA5E" blockId="14.[1015,1253,758,784]" box="[1015,1253,758,784]" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">
II. 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFC991338A05C097FB1EAA5E" ID-CoL="99CX5" box="[1049,1189,758,784]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Stizophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="179" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC991338A05C097FB1EAA5E" box="[1049,1189,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Stizophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3256541FFC991328D31C14EFB94AEA2" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="180" pageId="14" pageNumber="179" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFC991338D31C14EFC04AA32" blockId="14.[813,1455,815,1066]" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">
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. — This clade contains a single genus, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFC991338D43C128FC66AA2F" box="[863,989,841,865]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Stizophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="179" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC991338D43C128FC66AA2F" box="[863,989,841,865]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Stizophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with four phloem wedges in transversal section (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFC991338D79C105FC08AA32" box="[869,947,868,892]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1611,1628]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-205@10.[698,1267,755,1298]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Overall stem architecture of Bignoniaceae lianas: A, Stizophyllum riparium, transverse section (TS), stem with four phloem wedges. Hollow stem. Note phloem wedge with lateral steps; B, Tanaecium pyramidatum, TS, Phloem wedge devoid of lateral steps. Extremely wide rays limit the phloem wedges; C, Tynanthus cognatus, TS, Narrow lateral steps forming an almost perfect V pattern; D, Mansoa difficilis, wide steps, not forming a perfect V pattern. Scale bars: A, 0.5 cm; B, 1 mm; C, 400 μm; D, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006374/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFC991338D31C1F5FBF8AA8B" blockId="14.[813,1455,815,1066]" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">
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<collectionCode id="ED2EAE0FFFC991338DC1C1F8FC4CAAE4" box="[989,1015,921,938]" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">OF</collectionCode>
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. — Three species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B3BFFC991338D29C1CFFB8DAA88" author="LOHMANN L. G. &amp; TAYLOR C. M." box="[821,1078,942,966]" pageId="14" pageNumber="179" pagination="348 - 489" refId="ref30238" refString="LOHMANN L. G. &amp; TAYLOR C. M. 2014. - A new generic classification of tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 99: 348 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.3417 / 2003187" type="journal article" year="2014">Lohmann &amp; Taylor 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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. — Three species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFC991338A89C1BCFBBAAD5E" authority="Bureau &amp; K. Schum." authorityName="Bureau &amp; K. Schum." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Stizophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="179" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inaequilaterum">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC991338A89C1BCFA14AABB" box="[1173,1455,989,1013]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Stizophyllum inaequilaterum</emphasis>
Bureau &amp; K.Schum.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFC991338A0DC199FA84AD5E" authority="(Cham.) Miers" authorityName="Miers" baseAuthorityName="Cham." box="[1041,1343,1016,1040]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Stizophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="179" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perforatum">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC991338A0DC199FB22AD5E" box="[1041,1177,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">S. perforatum</emphasis>
(Cham.) Miers
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFC991338B61C199FB80AD64" authority="(Kunth) Sandwith." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Stizophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="179" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="riparium">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC991338B61C199FCCFAD64" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">S. riparium</emphasis>
(Kunth) Sandwith.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFC991338D31C634FC69AD21" blockId="14.[813,1455,1109,1167]" box="[813,978,1109,1135]" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">
<heading id="D0C881A6FFC991338D31C634FC69AD21" box="[813,978,1109,1135]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="179" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC991338D31C634FC69AD21" box="[813,978,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Regular phloem</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFC991338D31C615FA14ADC1" blockId="14.[813,1455,1109,1167]" box="[813,1455,1140,1167]" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">
Thick fiber bands (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFC991338DE7C615FBF5ADC1" box="[1019,1102,1140,1167]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1827,1844]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,215,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[746,1307,770,1328]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Secondary phloem of Stizophyllum and Martinella: A-E, G-I, transverse sections: F, longitudinal radial section; A-F, Stizophyllum riparium; A, overall view of the phloem wedge, with a fibrous phloem, with alternating parenchymatic bands; B, regular phloem. Thick fiber bands, multisseriate rays; C, detail of the regular conducting phloem, showing narrow sieve tubes (arrowheads) and assemblages (arrow); D, variant phloem, fibrous, with sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples, parenchyma band present; E, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one to three companion cells, lying on the same side of the sieve tube (yellow arrowhead). Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric incomplete;F, heterocellular mixed rays, sieve tubes with compound sieve plates (arrowheads), radial sieve element present (arrow); G-I, Martinella obovata; G, regular phloem. Thin fiber bands, multisseriate rays; H, overall view of the phloem wedge, non-fibrous phloem; I, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples. Fiber bands thin. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber bands; iw, interwedge;lr, limiting ray; pw, phloem wegde; rp, regular phloem; se, sieve element; x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A, H, 1 mm; B, D, 200 μm; C, E, 50 μm; F, I, 100 μm; G, 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006386/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
), assemblages present (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFC991338B50C615FA1AADC1" box="[1356,1441,1140,1167]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1827,1844]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,215,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[746,1307,770,1328]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Secondary phloem of Stizophyllum and Martinella: A-E, G-I, transverse sections: F, longitudinal radial section; A-F, Stizophyllum riparium; A, overall view of the phloem wedge, with a fibrous phloem, with alternating parenchymatic bands; B, regular phloem. Thick fiber bands, multisseriate rays; C, detail of the regular conducting phloem, showing narrow sieve tubes (arrowheads) and assemblages (arrow); D, variant phloem, fibrous, with sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples, parenchyma band present; E, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one to three companion cells, lying on the same side of the sieve tube (yellow arrowhead). Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric incomplete;F, heterocellular mixed rays, sieve tubes with compound sieve plates (arrowheads), radial sieve element present (arrow); G-I, Martinella obovata; G, regular phloem. Thin fiber bands, multisseriate rays; H, overall view of the phloem wedge, non-fibrous phloem; I, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples. Fiber bands thin. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber bands; iw, interwedge;lr, limiting ray; pw, phloem wegde; rp, regular phloem; se, sieve element; x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A, H, 1 mm; B, D, 200 μm; C, E, 50 μm; F, I, 100 μm; G, 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006386/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFC991338D31C6D4FC69AD80" blockId="14.[811,1455,1204,1358]" box="[813,978,1204,1230]" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">
<heading id="D0C881A6FFC991338D31C6D4FC69AD80" box="[813,978,1204,1230]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="179" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC991338D31C6D4FC69AD80" box="[813,978,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Variant phloem</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFC991338D31C6B5FBCCAC00" blockId="14.[811,1455,1204,1358]" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC991338D31C6B5FB95ADA0" bold="true" box="[813,1070,1236,1262]" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">General configuration.</emphasis>
Fibrous phloem (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFC991338AEEC6B5FAD3ADA0" box="[1266,1384,1236,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1827,1844]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,215,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[746,1307,770,1328]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Secondary phloem of Stizophyllum and Martinella: A-E, G-I, transverse sections: F, longitudinal radial section; A-F, Stizophyllum riparium; A, overall view of the phloem wedge, with a fibrous phloem, with alternating parenchymatic bands; B, regular phloem. Thick fiber bands, multisseriate rays; C, detail of the regular conducting phloem, showing narrow sieve tubes (arrowheads) and assemblages (arrow); D, variant phloem, fibrous, with sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples, parenchyma band present; E, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one to three companion cells, lying on the same side of the sieve tube (yellow arrowhead). Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric incomplete;F, heterocellular mixed rays, sieve tubes with compound sieve plates (arrowheads), radial sieve element present (arrow); G-I, Martinella obovata; G, regular phloem. Thin fiber bands, multisseriate rays; H, overall view of the phloem wedge, non-fibrous phloem; I, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples. Fiber bands thin. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber bands; iw, interwedge;lr, limiting ray; pw, phloem wegde; rp, regular phloem; se, sieve element; x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A, H, 1 mm; B, D, 200 μm; C, E, 50 μm; F, I, 100 μm; G, 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006386/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Fig. 8A, D</figureCitation>
), with some non-fibrous, parenchyma bands in alternation (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFC991338B47C695FCFDAC60" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1827,1844]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,215,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[746,1307,770,1328]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Secondary phloem of Stizophyllum and Martinella: A-E, G-I, transverse sections: F, longitudinal radial section; A-F, Stizophyllum riparium; A, overall view of the phloem wedge, with a fibrous phloem, with alternating parenchymatic bands; B, regular phloem. Thick fiber bands, multisseriate rays; C, detail of the regular conducting phloem, showing narrow sieve tubes (arrowheads) and assemblages (arrow); D, variant phloem, fibrous, with sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples, parenchyma band present; E, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one to three companion cells, lying on the same side of the sieve tube (yellow arrowhead). Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric incomplete;F, heterocellular mixed rays, sieve tubes with compound sieve plates (arrowheads), radial sieve element present (arrow); G-I, Martinella obovata; G, regular phloem. Thin fiber bands, multisseriate rays; H, overall view of the phloem wedge, non-fibrous phloem; I, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples. Fiber bands thin. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber bands; iw, interwedge;lr, limiting ray; pw, phloem wegde; rp, regular phloem; se, sieve element; x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A, H, 1 mm; B, D, 200 μm; C, E, 50 μm; F, I, 100 μm; G, 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006386/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Fig. 8A, D</figureCitation>
). Axial elements with either a tangential (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFC991338B03C775FACFAC60" box="[1311,1396,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1827,1844]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,215,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[746,1307,770,1328]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Secondary phloem of Stizophyllum and Martinella: A-E, G-I, transverse sections: F, longitudinal radial section; A-F, Stizophyllum riparium; A, overall view of the phloem wedge, with a fibrous phloem, with alternating parenchymatic bands; B, regular phloem. Thick fiber bands, multisseriate rays; C, detail of the regular conducting phloem, showing narrow sieve tubes (arrowheads) and assemblages (arrow); D, variant phloem, fibrous, with sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples, parenchyma band present; E, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one to three companion cells, lying on the same side of the sieve tube (yellow arrowhead). Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric incomplete;F, heterocellular mixed rays, sieve tubes with compound sieve plates (arrowheads), radial sieve element present (arrow); G-I, Martinella obovata; G, regular phloem. Thin fiber bands, multisseriate rays; H, overall view of the phloem wedge, non-fibrous phloem; I, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples. Fiber bands thin. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber bands; iw, interwedge;lr, limiting ray; pw, phloem wegde; rp, regular phloem; se, sieve element; x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A, H, 1 mm; B, D, 200 μm; C, E, 50 μm; F, I, 100 μm; G, 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006386/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
) or a radial arrangement (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFC991338A0CC755FBD2AC00" box="[1040,1129,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1827,1844]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,215,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[746,1307,770,1328]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Secondary phloem of Stizophyllum and Martinella: A-E, G-I, transverse sections: F, longitudinal radial section; A-F, Stizophyllum riparium; A, overall view of the phloem wedge, with a fibrous phloem, with alternating parenchymatic bands; B, regular phloem. Thick fiber bands, multisseriate rays; C, detail of the regular conducting phloem, showing narrow sieve tubes (arrowheads) and assemblages (arrow); D, variant phloem, fibrous, with sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples, parenchyma band present; E, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one to three companion cells, lying on the same side of the sieve tube (yellow arrowhead). Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric incomplete;F, heterocellular mixed rays, sieve tubes with compound sieve plates (arrowheads), radial sieve element present (arrow); G-I, Martinella obovata; G, regular phloem. Thin fiber bands, multisseriate rays; H, overall view of the phloem wedge, non-fibrous phloem; I, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples. Fiber bands thin. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber bands; iw, interwedge;lr, limiting ray; pw, phloem wegde; rp, regular phloem; se, sieve element; x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A, H, 1 mm; B, D, 200 μm; C, E, 50 μm; F, I, 100 μm; G, 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006386/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFC991338D31C712FBBAAFA3" blockId="14.[811,1457,1395,1773]" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC991338D31C712FBB0ACC0" bold="true" box="[813,1035,1395,1422]" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Sieve tube elements.</emphasis>
As seen in transverse section, each sieve element is associated with 1-3 companion cells (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFC991338B51C7F2FA19ACE0" box="[1357,1442,1427,1454]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1827,1844]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,215,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[746,1307,770,1328]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Secondary phloem of Stizophyllum and Martinella: A-E, G-I, transverse sections: F, longitudinal radial section; A-F, Stizophyllum riparium; A, overall view of the phloem wedge, with a fibrous phloem, with alternating parenchymatic bands; B, regular phloem. Thick fiber bands, multisseriate rays; C, detail of the regular conducting phloem, showing narrow sieve tubes (arrowheads) and assemblages (arrow); D, variant phloem, fibrous, with sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples, parenchyma band present; E, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one to three companion cells, lying on the same side of the sieve tube (yellow arrowhead). Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric incomplete;F, heterocellular mixed rays, sieve tubes with compound sieve plates (arrowheads), radial sieve element present (arrow); G-I, Martinella obovata; G, regular phloem. Thin fiber bands, multisseriate rays; H, overall view of the phloem wedge, non-fibrous phloem; I, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples. Fiber bands thin. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber bands; iw, interwedge;lr, limiting ray; pw, phloem wegde; rp, regular phloem; se, sieve element; x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A, H, 1 mm; B, D, 200 μm; C, E, 50 μm; F, I, 100 μm; G, 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006386/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
), lying on the same corner of the sieve tube (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFC991338B06C7D2FACBAC80" box="[1306,1392,1459,1486]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1827,1844]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,215,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[746,1307,770,1328]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Secondary phloem of Stizophyllum and Martinella: A-E, G-I, transverse sections: F, longitudinal radial section; A-F, Stizophyllum riparium; A, overall view of the phloem wedge, with a fibrous phloem, with alternating parenchymatic bands; B, regular phloem. Thick fiber bands, multisseriate rays; C, detail of the regular conducting phloem, showing narrow sieve tubes (arrowheads) and assemblages (arrow); D, variant phloem, fibrous, with sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples, parenchyma band present; E, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one to three companion cells, lying on the same side of the sieve tube (yellow arrowhead). Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric incomplete;F, heterocellular mixed rays, sieve tubes with compound sieve plates (arrowheads), radial sieve element present (arrow); G-I, Martinella obovata; G, regular phloem. Thin fiber bands, multisseriate rays; H, overall view of the phloem wedge, non-fibrous phloem; I, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples. Fiber bands thin. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber bands; iw, interwedge;lr, limiting ray; pw, phloem wegde; rp, regular phloem; se, sieve element; x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A, H, 1 mm; B, D, 200 μm; C, E, 50 μm; F, I, 100 μm; G, 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006386/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
). The sieve elements are generally arranged in multiples of 
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a radial or tangential disposition, sometimes in clusters (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFC991338D2AC472FC37AF63" box="[822,908,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1827,1844]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,215,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[746,1307,770,1328]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Secondary phloem of Stizophyllum and Martinella: A-E, G-I, transverse sections: F, longitudinal radial section; A-F, Stizophyllum riparium; A, overall view of the phloem wedge, with a fibrous phloem, with alternating parenchymatic bands; B, regular phloem. Thick fiber bands, multisseriate rays; C, detail of the regular conducting phloem, showing narrow sieve tubes (arrowheads) and assemblages (arrow); D, variant phloem, fibrous, with sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples, parenchyma band present; E, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one to three companion cells, lying on the same side of the sieve tube (yellow arrowhead). Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric incomplete;F, heterocellular mixed rays, sieve tubes with compound sieve plates (arrowheads), radial sieve element present (arrow); G-I, Martinella obovata; G, regular phloem. Thin fiber bands, multisseriate rays; H, overall view of the phloem wedge, non-fibrous phloem; I, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples. Fiber bands thin. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber bands; iw, interwedge;lr, limiting ray; pw, phloem wegde; rp, regular phloem; se, sieve element; x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A, H, 1 mm; B, D, 200 μm; C, E, 50 μm; F, I, 100 μm; G, 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006386/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
). Sieve tubes of narrower radial diameter can be found associated with a parenchyma band (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFC991338B10C452FADFAF03" box="[1292,1380,1587,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1827,1844]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,215,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[746,1307,770,1328]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Secondary phloem of Stizophyllum and Martinella: A-E, G-I, transverse sections: F, longitudinal radial section; A-F, Stizophyllum riparium; A, overall view of the phloem wedge, with a fibrous phloem, with alternating parenchymatic bands; B, regular phloem. Thick fiber bands, multisseriate rays; C, detail of the regular conducting phloem, showing narrow sieve tubes (arrowheads) and assemblages (arrow); D, variant phloem, fibrous, with sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples, parenchyma band present; E, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one to three companion cells, lying on the same side of the sieve tube (yellow arrowhead). Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric incomplete;F, heterocellular mixed rays, sieve tubes with compound sieve plates (arrowheads), radial sieve element present (arrow); G-I, Martinella obovata; G, regular phloem. Thin fiber bands, multisseriate rays; H, overall view of the phloem wedge, non-fibrous phloem; I, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples. Fiber bands thin. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber bands; iw, interwedge;lr, limiting ray; pw, phloem wegde; rp, regular phloem; se, sieve element; x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A, H, 1 mm; B, D, 200 μm; C, E, 50 μm; F, I, 100 μm; G, 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006386/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
). Such sieve tubes are found in radial multiples of 2-4 cells. As seen in longitudinal section, the sieve elements are thinner than 
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, with end walls inclined, bearing sieve plates with 6-10 sieve areas (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFC991338A02C4D3FBD4AF83" box="[1054,1135,1714,1741]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1827,1844]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,215,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[746,1307,770,1328]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Secondary phloem of Stizophyllum and Martinella: A-E, G-I, transverse sections: F, longitudinal radial section; A-F, Stizophyllum riparium; A, overall view of the phloem wedge, with a fibrous phloem, with alternating parenchymatic bands; B, regular phloem. Thick fiber bands, multisseriate rays; C, detail of the regular conducting phloem, showing narrow sieve tubes (arrowheads) and assemblages (arrow); D, variant phloem, fibrous, with sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples, parenchyma band present; E, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one to three companion cells, lying on the same side of the sieve tube (yellow arrowhead). Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric incomplete;F, heterocellular mixed rays, sieve tubes with compound sieve plates (arrowheads), radial sieve element present (arrow); G-I, Martinella obovata; G, regular phloem. Thin fiber bands, multisseriate rays; H, overall view of the phloem wedge, non-fibrous phloem; I, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples. Fiber bands thin. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber bands; iw, interwedge;lr, limiting ray; pw, phloem wegde; rp, regular phloem; se, sieve element; x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A, H, 1 mm; B, D, 200 μm; C, E, 50 μm; F, I, 100 μm; G, 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006386/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
). Ray sieve-tube elements are common (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFC991338DBDC4B3FC4FAFA3" box="[929,1012,1746,1773]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1827,1844]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,215,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[746,1307,770,1328]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Secondary phloem of Stizophyllum and Martinella: A-E, G-I, transverse sections: F, longitudinal radial section; A-F, Stizophyllum riparium; A, overall view of the phloem wedge, with a fibrous phloem, with alternating parenchymatic bands; B, regular phloem. Thick fiber bands, multisseriate rays; C, detail of the regular conducting phloem, showing narrow sieve tubes (arrowheads) and assemblages (arrow); D, variant phloem, fibrous, with sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples, parenchyma band present; E, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one to three companion cells, lying on the same side of the sieve tube (yellow arrowhead). Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric incomplete;F, heterocellular mixed rays, sieve tubes with compound sieve plates (arrowheads), radial sieve element present (arrow); G-I, Martinella obovata; G, regular phloem. Thin fiber bands, multisseriate rays; H, overall view of the phloem wedge, non-fibrous phloem; I, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples. Fiber bands thin. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber bands; iw, interwedge;lr, limiting ray; pw, phloem wegde; rp, regular phloem; se, sieve element; x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A, H, 1 mm; B, D, 200 μm; C, E, 50 μm; F, I, 100 μm; G, 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006386/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFC991338D31C573FAABAEA5" blockId="14.[811,1457,1810,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC991338D31C573FC44AE62" bold="true" box="[813,1023,1810,1836]" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Axial parenchyma.</emphasis>
The phloem parenchyma is sieve-tube-centric incomplete (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFC991338A1BC553FBC7AE02" box="[1031,1148,1842,1869]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1827,1844]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,215,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[746,1307,770,1328]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Secondary phloem of Stizophyllum and Martinella: A-E, G-I, transverse sections: F, longitudinal radial section; A-F, Stizophyllum riparium; A, overall view of the phloem wedge, with a fibrous phloem, with alternating parenchymatic bands; B, regular phloem. Thick fiber bands, multisseriate rays; C, detail of the regular conducting phloem, showing narrow sieve tubes (arrowheads) and assemblages (arrow); D, variant phloem, fibrous, with sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples, parenchyma band present; E, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one to three companion cells, lying on the same side of the sieve tube (yellow arrowhead). Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric incomplete;F, heterocellular mixed rays, sieve tubes with compound sieve plates (arrowheads), radial sieve element present (arrow); G-I, Martinella obovata; G, regular phloem. Thin fiber bands, multisseriate rays; H, overall view of the phloem wedge, non-fibrous phloem; I, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples. Fiber bands thin. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber bands; iw, interwedge;lr, limiting ray; pw, phloem wegde; rp, regular phloem; se, sieve element; x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A, H, 1 mm; B, D, 200 μm; C, E, 50 μm; F, I, 100 μm; G, 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006386/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Fig. 8D, E</figureCitation>
), not surrounding the entire sieve tube or sieve tube group, and commonly lignified (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFC991338D2AC513FC33AEC2" box="[822,904,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1827,1844]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,215,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[746,1307,770,1328]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Secondary phloem of Stizophyllum and Martinella: A-E, G-I, transverse sections: F, longitudinal radial section; A-F, Stizophyllum riparium; A, overall view of the phloem wedge, with a fibrous phloem, with alternating parenchymatic bands; B, regular phloem. Thick fiber bands, multisseriate rays; C, detail of the regular conducting phloem, showing narrow sieve tubes (arrowheads) and assemblages (arrow); D, variant phloem, fibrous, with sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples, parenchyma band present; E, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one to three companion cells, lying on the same side of the sieve tube (yellow arrowhead). Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric incomplete;F, heterocellular mixed rays, sieve tubes with compound sieve plates (arrowheads), radial sieve element present (arrow); G-I, Martinella obovata; G, regular phloem. Thin fiber bands, multisseriate rays; H, overall view of the phloem wedge, non-fibrous phloem; I, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples. Fiber bands thin. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber bands; iw, interwedge;lr, limiting ray; pw, phloem wegde; rp, regular phloem; se, sieve element; x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A, H, 1 mm; B, D, 200 μm; C, E, 50 μm; F, I, 100 μm; G, 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006386/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
). 
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE0FFFC991338D86C513FC10AEC2" box="[922,939,1906,1932]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="14" pageNumber="179" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
parenchyma band of 3-4 rows of cells is present (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFC991338D2AC5F3FC09AEE2" box="[822,946,1938,1964]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1827,1844]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,215,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[746,1307,770,1328]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Secondary phloem of Stizophyllum and Martinella: A-E, G-I, transverse sections: F, longitudinal radial section; A-F, Stizophyllum riparium; A, overall view of the phloem wedge, with a fibrous phloem, with alternating parenchymatic bands; B, regular phloem. Thick fiber bands, multisseriate rays; C, detail of the regular conducting phloem, showing narrow sieve tubes (arrowheads) and assemblages (arrow); D, variant phloem, fibrous, with sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples, parenchyma band present; E, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one to three companion cells, lying on the same side of the sieve tube (yellow arrowhead). Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric incomplete;F, heterocellular mixed rays, sieve tubes with compound sieve plates (arrowheads), radial sieve element present (arrow); G-I, Martinella obovata; G, regular phloem. Thin fiber bands, multisseriate rays; H, overall view of the phloem wedge, non-fibrous phloem; I, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples. Fiber bands thin. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber bands; iw, interwedge;lr, limiting ray; pw, phloem wegde; rp, regular phloem; se, sieve element; x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A, H, 1 mm; B, D, 200 μm; C, E, 50 μm; F, I, 100 μm; G, 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006386/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="179">Fig. 8A, D</figureCitation>
) associated with narrower sieve elements. In addition, radial rows of axial parenchyma cells are present in some places, sometimes entirely lignified
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF406642FFC891328E98C7FFFE01AFDF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006384" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8006384" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006384/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="180" startId="15.[132,143,1438,1455]" targetBox="[133,1454,215,1395]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFC891328E98C7FFFE01AFDF" blockId="15.[132,1456,1438,1681]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">
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. 7. — Secondary phloem of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFC891328F91C7FFFDF5ACE1" box="[397,590,1438,1455]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Perianthomega" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vellozoi">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328F91C7FFFDF5ACE1" box="[397,590,1438,1455]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">Perianthomega vellozoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328C44C7FFFDDEACE1" bold="true" box="[600,613,1438,1455]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">A</emphasis>
, regular phloem, transverse section (
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328D87C7FFFC08ACE1" bold="true" box="[923,947,1438,1455]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">TS</emphasis>
). Stratified phloem, with thin to thick fiber bands, interrupted only by rays, and alternating with axial parenchyma and sieve tubes. Rays not lignified, not even when crossing the fiber bands; 
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328AD8C7D5FB6AAC8B" bold="true" box="[1220,1233,1460,1477]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">B</emphasis>
, Variant phloem, TS, nonfibrous, stratified phloem, with mostly thick fiber bands, interrupted only by rays, and alternating with axial parenchyma and sieve tubes. Rays not lignified, not even when crossing the fiber bands; 
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328FA8C783FE79ACBD" bold="true" box="[436,450,1506,1523]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">C</emphasis>
, detail of the secondary phloem,TS, Sieve tubes solitary or in multiples of two-three, with one companion cell lying on the corner. Crystalliferous parenchyma with acicular crystals around the fibers. Acicular crystals also present in other axial and ray parenchyma cells. When sieve tubes touch a ray,their companion cells stay next to the ray; 
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328C6EC46EFD3BAF6E" bold="true" box="[626,640,1551,1568]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">D</emphasis>
, portion of the cambium showing a storying tendency for the fusiform initials,longitudinal tangential section (
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328ED6C447FF5AAF79" bold="true" box="[202,225,1574,1591]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">LS</emphasis>
). Part of the developing xylem showing two maturing sieve tube elements (
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328D57C447FCE8AF79" bold="true" box="[843,851,1574,1591]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">*</emphasis>
), and the developing xylem, with some cells with pits already; 
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328B48C447FADBAF79" bold="true" box="[1364,1376,1574,1591]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">E</emphasis>
, secondary phloem, LS, sieve tubes smaller than 500 μm (
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328C34C45DFDDDAF03" bold="true" box="[552,614,1596,1613]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">arrows</emphasis>
). P-protein accumulated in their sieve plates. Rays very tall, higher than 1 mm. Storied tendency not lost; 
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328EB2C432FF02AF2A" bold="true" box="[174,185,1619,1636]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">F</emphasis>
, periderm, TS, phellogen (
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328F84C432FE77AF2A" bold="true" box="[408,460,1619,1636]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">arrow</emphasis>
) produces a thin phelloderm and evenly thin walled phellem cells. Abbreviations: 
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328A60C432FB2AAF2A" bold="true" box="[1148,1169,1619,1636]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">se</emphasis>
, sieve element; 
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328B06C432FA8BAF2A" bold="true" box="[1306,1328,1619,1636]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">cp</emphasis>
, crystalliferous parenchyma; 
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328EEAC40BFEB1AF35" bold="true" box="[246,266,1642,1659]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">cz</emphasis>
, cambial zone; 
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328F93C40BFE1DAF35" bold="true" box="[399,422,1642,1659]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">dp</emphasis>
, developing phloem; 
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328C46C40BFDD4AF35" bold="true" box="[602,623,1642,1659]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">dx</emphasis>
, developing xylem; 
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328D0BC40BFC99AF35" bold="true" box="[791,802,1642,1659]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">p</emphasis>
, axial parenchyma; 
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328DD7C40BFC59AF35" bold="true" box="[971,994,1642,1659]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">pd</emphasis>
, periderm; 
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328A5EC40BFBE9AF35" bold="true" box="[1090,1106,1642,1659]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">pl</emphasis>
, phellem; 
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328AB5C40BFB0BAF35" bold="true" box="[1193,1200,1642,1659]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">r</emphasis>
, rays. Scale bars: A, B, E, 200 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 150 μm; F, 100 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFC891328E98C493FE94AE62" blockId="15.[130,776,1778,1837]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328E98C493FF76AE42" bold="true" box="[132,205,1778,1804]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">Fibers.</emphasis>
Fibers form a matrix where all other cells can be found (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFC891328E91C573FE99AE62" box="[141,290,1810,1837]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1827,1844]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,215,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[746,1307,770,1328]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Secondary phloem of Stizophyllum and Martinella: A-E, G-I, transverse sections: F, longitudinal radial section; A-F, Stizophyllum riparium; A, overall view of the phloem wedge, with a fibrous phloem, with alternating parenchymatic bands; B, regular phloem. Thick fiber bands, multisseriate rays; C, detail of the regular conducting phloem, showing narrow sieve tubes (arrowheads) and assemblages (arrow); D, variant phloem, fibrous, with sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples, parenchyma band present; E, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one to three companion cells, lying on the same side of the sieve tube (yellow arrowhead). Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric incomplete;F, heterocellular mixed rays, sieve tubes with compound sieve plates (arrowheads), radial sieve element present (arrow); G-I, Martinella obovata; G, regular phloem. Thin fiber bands, multisseriate rays; H, overall view of the phloem wedge, non-fibrous phloem; I, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples. Fiber bands thin. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber bands; iw, interwedge;lr, limiting ray; pw, phloem wegde; rp, regular phloem; se, sieve element; x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A, H, 1 mm; B, D, 200 μm; C, E, 50 μm; F, I, 100 μm; G, 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006386/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">Fig. 8A, D, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFC891328E98C533FEADAEA2" blockId="15.[132,776,1874,2028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328E98C533FF78AE22" bold="true" box="[132,195,1874,1900]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">Rays.</emphasis>
The limiting rays are lignified to both xylem and phloem sides, with a radial row of non-lignified cells between them (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFC891328F2BC5F3FE2AAEE2" box="[311,401,1938,1964]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1827,1844]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,215,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[746,1307,770,1328]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Secondary phloem of Stizophyllum and Martinella: A-E, G-I, transverse sections: F, longitudinal radial section; A-F, Stizophyllum riparium; A, overall view of the phloem wedge, with a fibrous phloem, with alternating parenchymatic bands; B, regular phloem. Thick fiber bands, multisseriate rays; C, detail of the regular conducting phloem, showing narrow sieve tubes (arrowheads) and assemblages (arrow); D, variant phloem, fibrous, with sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples, parenchyma band present; E, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one to three companion cells, lying on the same side of the sieve tube (yellow arrowhead). Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric incomplete;F, heterocellular mixed rays, sieve tubes with compound sieve plates (arrowheads), radial sieve element present (arrow); G-I, Martinella obovata; G, regular phloem. Thin fiber bands, multisseriate rays; H, overall view of the phloem wedge, non-fibrous phloem; I, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples. Fiber bands thin. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber bands; iw, interwedge;lr, limiting ray; pw, phloem wegde; rp, regular phloem; se, sieve element; x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A, H, 1 mm; B, D, 200 μm; C, E, 50 μm; F, I, 100 μm; G, 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006386/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
). The wedge rays have randomly alternating portions that can be lignified or non-lignified (
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFC891328E92C5B0FEB3AEA2" box="[142,264,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1827,1844]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,215,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[746,1307,770,1328]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Secondary phloem of Stizophyllum and Martinella: A-E, G-I, transverse sections: F, longitudinal radial section; A-F, Stizophyllum riparium; A, overall view of the phloem wedge, with a fibrous phloem, with alternating parenchymatic bands; B, regular phloem. Thick fiber bands, multisseriate rays; C, detail of the regular conducting phloem, showing narrow sieve tubes (arrowheads) and assemblages (arrow); D, variant phloem, fibrous, with sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples, parenchyma band present; E, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one to three companion cells, lying on the same side of the sieve tube (yellow arrowhead). Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric incomplete;F, heterocellular mixed rays, sieve tubes with compound sieve plates (arrowheads), radial sieve element present (arrow); G-I, Martinella obovata; G, regular phloem. Thin fiber bands, multisseriate rays; H, overall view of the phloem wedge, non-fibrous phloem; I, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes solitary or in radial multiples. Fiber bands thin. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber bands; iw, interwedge;lr, limiting ray; pw, phloem wegde; rp, regular phloem; se, sieve element; x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A, H, 1 mm; B, D, 200 μm; C, E, 50 μm; F, I, 100 μm; G, 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006386/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">Fig. 8D, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFC891328D31C493FBF8AE62" blockId="15.[812,1455,1778,1837]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328D31C493FC36AE42" bold="true" box="[813,909,1778,1804]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">Crystals.</emphasis>
Acicular crystals are present in most of the phloem and ray parenchyma cells.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFC891328D31C533FC30AE22" blockId="15.[811,1456,1874,2028]" box="[813,907,1874,1900]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">
<heading id="D0C881A6FFC891328D31C533FC30AE22" box="[813,907,1874,1900]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="180" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFC891328D31C533FC30AE22" box="[813,907,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">Periderm</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFC891328D31C513FB94AEA2" blockId="15.[811,1456,1874,2028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="180">
Only one periderm is present. The phellem is stratified, composed of thin and thick-walled cells disposed in alternation. The phelloderm is thick, with more than three layers of cells, non-stratified (
<tableCitation id="C6BD0371FFC891328DD3C5B0FBA4AEA2" box="[975,1055,2001,2028]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="6.[506,517,219,236]" captionTargetId="graphics-35@6.[132,1455,651,2022]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. — Description of the periderm of the lianas of Bignoniaceae." pageId="15" pageNumber="180">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>