treatments-xml/data/03/96/87/039687D1FFB2653B9FA4F98340E4C703.xml
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<document id="7086C3DB2411AEEEFE8AF6318BAFCCC0" ID-CLB-Dataset="21681" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4792.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dd8ef826-0c0f-4261-b127-1d1afa7f5601" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3895976" ID-ZooBank="326F6A15-216E-439A-AD59-3CDF7551D3F6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1592306202477" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Trietsch, Carolyn, Mikó, István, Ezray, Briana &amp; Deans, Andrew R." docDate="2020" docId="039687D1FFB2653B9FA4F98340E4C703" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4792.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4792 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Conostigmus laeviceps" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="54" masterDocId="FFAFFFA9FF82650E9F33FFEC4445C438" masterDocTitle="A Taxonomic Revision of Nearctic Conostigmus (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea: Megaspilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="155" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1698842444354" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A52411EA3958DAB316B5CF72ABA451A6">A Taxonomic Revision of Nearctic Conostigmus (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea: Megaspilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6357CB3AC7321781C231D704987862E8">Trietsch, Carolyn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6ECF878FA5CD7C29371E9AFAB75CBC47">Mikó, István</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E8851F45C759A0ADF7AD84020988A80D">Ezray, Briana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A0FB09A9012160674FC499AADF8ED170">Deans, Andrew R.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C325654CFFB2653E9FA4F98346C6C2B1" box="[151,643,1646,1673]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFB2653E9FA4F98346C6C2B1" blockId="48.[151,643,1646,1709]" box="[151,643,1646,1673]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<heading id="D0C881ABFFB2653E9FA4F98346C6C2B1" bold="true" box="[151,643,1646,1673]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB2653E9FA4F98346C6C2B1" ID-CoL="XTK7" authority="(Ashmead, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[151,643,1646,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviceps">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB2653E9FA4F98346C6C2B1" bold="true" box="[151,643,1646,1673]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB2653E9FA4F98345EFC2B1" bold="true" box="[151,426,1646,1673]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Conostigmus laeviceps</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FFB2653E9E8AF983463EC2B1" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[441,635,1647,1673]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 472" refId="ref99024" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1893) A monograph of the North American Proctotrypidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 45, 1 - 472. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.45.1" type="journal article" year="1893">Ashmead, 1893</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325654CFFB2653F9FA4F97F45C9C6D3" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFB2653E9FA4F97F455EC295" blockId="48.[151,643,1646,1709]" box="[151,283,1683,1709]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<figureCitation id="13042A42FFB2653E9FA4F97F44B6C295" box="[151,243,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[151,1436,417,1874]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 28. Conostigmus laeviceps (Ashmead, 1893) male lectotype (USNMENT01339759). A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3896032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3896032/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figs. 28</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13042A42FFB2653E9FCCF97F455EC295" box="[255,283,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1147,1172]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1121]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[151,1436,181,1121]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 29. Conostigmus laeviceps (Ashmead, 1893) male genitalia. A. Ventral view (PSUC_FEM 8795). B. Lateral view (PSUC_FEM 50136). C. Dorsal view (PSUC_FEM 8795).Abbreviation: medioventral ridge of the gonostylevolsella complex (mgv)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3896034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3896034/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">29</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFB2653E9FA4F9364784C3F5" blockId="48.[151,1437,1754,2033]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB2653E9FA4F9364654C2CD" bold="true" box="[151,529,1754,1781]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Species Comments and History.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FFB2653E9D2BF9374696C2CD" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[536,723,1755,1781]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 472" refId="ref99024" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1893) A monograph of the North American Proctotrypidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 45, 1 - 472. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.45.1" type="journal article" year="1893">Ashmead (1893)</bibRefCitation>
described this species from an unknown number of male specimens. One specimen was collected by E. A. Schwarz in Bladensburg,
<collectingRegion id="49FBF825FFB2653E9CE0F9134001C321" box="[979,1092,1791,1817]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Maryland</collectingRegion>
; the others were collected by Ashmead along the bank of the Potomac River in Arlington,
<collectingRegion id="49FBF825FFB2653E9C6FF8CF47FFC305" box="[860,954,1827,1853]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Virginia</collectingRegion>
, and in the outskirts of
<collectingRegion id="49FBF825FFB2653E9BE2F8CF411CC305" box="[1233,1369,1827,1853]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Washington</collectingRegion>
, D.C. (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FFB2653E9FACF8AB4511C359" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[159,340,1863,1889]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 472" refId="ref99024" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1893) A monograph of the North American Proctotrypidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 45, 1 - 472. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.45.1" type="journal article" year="1893">Ashmead, 1893</bibRefCitation>
). There are four male specimens present at the USNM representing these localities, with one from
<collectingRegion id="49FBF825FFB2653E9FA4F8874542C3BD" box="[151,263,1899,1925]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Maryland</collectingRegion>
, one from
<collectingRegion id="49FBF825FFB2653E9EB3F887459BC3BD" box="[384,478,1899,1925]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Virginia</collectingRegion>
, and two from
<collectingRegion id="49FBF825FFB2653E9DBAF8874754C3BD" box="[649,785,1899,1925]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Washington</collectingRegion>
, D.C. We also found an additional male specimen present at the MCZC bearing an identification label from Ashmead, but this specimen does not have a locality label, so it is not possible to verify whether it was also part of the original
<typeStatus id="54848865FFB2653E9C71F85F4737C3F5" box="[834,882,1971,1997]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
series.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFB2653F9FF4F83B410BC57A" blockId="48.[151,1437,1754,2033]" lastBlockId="49.[151,1437,153,2025]" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<materialsCitation id="3B573C9AFFB2653F9FF4F83B410FC57A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2636226397" collectingDate="2996-01-21" collectingDateMax="2998-01-21" collectingDateMin="2996-01-21" collectionCode="USNM" county="This" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" location="Both" municipality="The" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Maryland" typeStatus="lectotype">
At the
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE02FFB2653E9E23F83B4521C3C9" box="[272,356,2007,2033]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
, the male
<typeStatus id="54848865FFB2653E9EE3F83B4672C3C9" box="[464,567,2007,2033]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
from
<collectingRegion id="49FBF825FFB2653E9D4BF83B46A0C3C9" box="[632,741,2007,2033]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Maryland</collectingRegion>
(USNMENT01339759) is in relatively good condition, though the left antenna is missing flagellomeres 7, 8 and 9, and the right antenna is missing flagellomeres 8 and 9.
<collectingCounty id="62E14E4BFFB3653F9A59FF7541D9C48B" box="[1386,1436,153,179]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">This</collectingCounty>
specimen damage was not mentioned in
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FFB3653F9D59FF51478EC4E0" author="Masner, L. &amp; Muesebeck, C. F. W." box="[618,971,189,216]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref102493" refString="Masner, L. &amp; Muesebeck, C. F. W. (1968) The types of Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera) in the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 143 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.270" type="book" year="1968">Masner and Muesebeck (1968)</bibRefCitation>
and must have occurred since then.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE4ACBDFFB3653F9A42FF5141D8C4EF" box="[1393,1437,189,215]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">The</collectingMunicipality>
male
<typeStatus id="54848865FFB3653F9FE7FF0C452EC4C2" box="[212,363,224,250]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
from
<collectingRegion id="49FBF825FFB3653F9E9DFF0C464CC4C2" box="[430,521,224,250]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Virginia</collectingRegion>
(USNMENT
<date id="FF811007FFB3653F9D92FF0C4757C4C2" box="[673,786,224,250]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2998-01-21">
<collectingDate id="EFC5E9EFFFB3653F9D92FF0C4757C4C2" box="[673,786,224,250]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2998-01-21">01212998</collectingDate>
</date>
) is in better condition than the type and is not missing any pieces.
<location id="8EE0601CFFB3653F9FDFFEE84567C526" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687D1FFB2653B9FA4F98340E4C703:8EE0601CFFB3653F9FDFFEE84567C526" box="[236,290,260,286]" county="This" municipality="The" name="Both" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" stateProvince="Maryland">Both</location>
of the
<typeStatus id="54848865FFB3653F9E41FEE84651C526" box="[370,532,260,286]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
from
<collectingRegion id="49FBF825FFB3653F9D6BFEE846A5C526" box="[600,736,260,286]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Washington</collectingRegion>
, D.C., are in poor condition, with one (USNMENT
<date id="FF811007FFB3653F9A10FEE841D0C527" box="[1315,1429,260,287]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2996-01-21">
<collectingDate id="EFC5E9EFFFB3653F9A10FEE841D0C527" box="[1315,1429,260,287]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2996-01-21">01212996</collectingDate>
</date>
) missing the antennae and metasoma, and the other (USNMENT
<date id="FF811007FFB3653F9C51FECB4796C579" box="[866,979,295,321]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2997-01-21">
<collectingDate id="EFC5E9EFFFB3653F9C51FECB4796C579" box="[866,979,295,321]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2997-01-21">01212997</collectingDate>
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) missing the head and metasoma
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFB3653F9FF4FEA7452AC601" blockId="49.[151,1437,153,2025]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
We were not able to dissect the male genitalia from the type specimens, but we obtained permission to dissect the MZCU specimen and recognized the genitalia immediately by its fused parossiculi and the unique harpe. This species is widespread and common across the
<collectingCountry id="F3287657FFB3653F9D96FE7E477AC594" box="[677,831,402,428]" name="United States of America" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">United States</collectingCountry>
, with one specimen known from
<collectingCountry id="F3287657FFB3653F9B89FE7E4157C594" box="[1210,1298,402,428]" name="Canada" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Canada</collectingCountry>
. Though we were not able to dissect the type specimens, the
<typeStatus id="54848865FFB3653F9D80FE59475FC5F7" box="[691,794,437,463]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
and the
<typeStatus id="54848865FFB3653F9C49FE5A479FC5E8" box="[890,986,438,464]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
from Virginia have enough of the harpe protruding from the metasoma to see the unique harpe shape and confirm the species. The two additional
<typeStatus id="54848865FFB3653F9A02FE3541D9C5CB" box="[1329,1436,473,499]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
from Washington, D.C., were too damaged to confirm the species, though we still include them below with the material examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFB3653F9FF4FDAE45C9C6D3" blockId="49.[151,1437,153,2025]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9FF4FDAE4508C665" bold="true" box="[199,333,578,605]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Variability.</emphasis>
The median process of the intertorular carina extends down across the intertorular area towards the dorsal margin of the clypeus, but in some specimens it reaches the clypeus (PSUC_FEM 8993, PSUC_FEM 50076), whereas in others it does not (CMNHENT0022709, PSUC_FEM 16645). The distoventral margin of the harpe is usually straight, but can appear more convex in some specimens (PSUC_FEM 8795) and more concave in others (PSUC_FEM 50136).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325654CFFB3653F9FF4FD184765C2BD" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFB3653F9FF4FD184726C012" blockId="49.[151,1437,153,2025]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9FF4FD184507C737" bold="true" box="[199,322,756,783]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species is distinguished by the following combination of characters: facial pit present; preoccipital furrow present; postocellar furrow present; median process on intertorular carina present and acute; sternaulus smooth (not crenulate), present and elongate, exceeding 3/4 of the mesopleuron length at the level of the sternaulus; ventral projection of the metapleural carina present; medioventral conjunctiva absent and parossiculi fused; medioventral ridge of the gonostylevolsella complex present; gonossiculus with one spine more than 2× as long as the others; proximodorsal notch of cupula absent; gonocondyle present and acute; dorsomedian projection of the gonostylevolsella complex present and simple (not bilobed); dorsomedian conjunctiva extending equal to or less than 1/3 of the length of the gonostylevolsella complex in dorsal view; and proximal end of the dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostylevolsella complex blunt or straight.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFB3653F9FF4FBDF4639C075" blockId="49.[151,1437,153,2025]" box="[199,636,1075,1101]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">The female of this species is unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFB3653F9FF4FBBB4508C152" blockId="49.[151,1437,153,2025]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
The harpe of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9E57FBB445B5C049" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[356,496,1111,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviceps">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9E57FBB445B5C049" box="[356,496,1111,1138]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. laeviceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9D18FBB446E2C049" authorityName="Trietsch &amp; Miko" authorityYear="2020" box="[555,679,1111,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dessarti">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9D18FBB446E2C049" box="[555,679,1111,1138]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. dessarti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can appear very similar to each other in lateral view, in that they both have harpe with the distal margin pointed or acute, the distodorsal setae of sensillar ring longer than the harpe width (sometimes 2× as long or greater), and the distoventral margin of the harpe in lateral view straight, though it can appear more convex or concave in some specimens. These species can easily be distinguished by the proximal end of the dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostylevolsella complex (acute in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9B10FB0940D8C0C7" authorityName="Trietsch &amp; Miko" authorityYear="2020" box="[1059,1181,1253,1279]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dessarti">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9B10FB0940D8C0C7" box="[1059,1181,1253,1279]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. dessarti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, blunt or straight in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9AB0FB0944BAC11A" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviceps">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9AB0FB0944BAC11A" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. laeviceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and the dorsomedian projection of the gonostylevolsella complex (absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9BB1FAE540B8C11A" authorityName="Trietsch &amp; Miko" authorityYear="2020" box="[1154,1277,1288,1315]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dessarti">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9BB1FAE540B8C11A" box="[1154,1277,1288,1315]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. dessarti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, present in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9AB0FAE544BAC17E" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviceps">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9AB0FAE544BAC17E" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. laeviceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9E24FAC045D4C17E" authorityName="Trietsch &amp; Miko" authorityYear="2020" box="[279,401,1324,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dessarti">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9E24FAC045D4C17E" box="[279,401,1324,1350]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. dessarti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9D6AFAC046A7C17E" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[601,738,1324,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviceps">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9D6AFAC046A7C17E" box="[601,738,1324,1350]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. laeviceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that the scape is more than 5.5× as long as the pedicel (less in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9F87FABC4578C151" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[180,317,1359,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviceps">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9F87FABC4578C151" box="[180,317,1359,1386]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. laeviceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFB3653F9FF4FA9F4765C2BD" blockId="49.[151,1437,153,2025]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9FF4FA9F4517C1B5" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[199,338,1395,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviceps">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9FF4FA9F4517C1B5" box="[199,338,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. laeviceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also shares many somatic characters and even some genitalia characters in common with
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9A68FA9F4541C188" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctatus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9A68FA9F4541C188" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. bipunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9E22FA7B45CAC188" authorityName="Trietsch &amp; Miko" authorityYear="2020" box="[273,399,1431,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9E22FA7B45CAC188" box="[273,399,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. minimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9EA8FA7B4663C188" authorityName="Trietsch &amp; Miko" authorityYear="2020" box="[411,550,1431,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="musettiae">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9EA8FA7B4663C188" box="[411,550,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. musettiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9D52FA7B469AC188" authorityName="Trietsch &amp; Miko" authorityYear="2020" box="[609,735,1430,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franzinii">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9D52FA7B469AC188" box="[609,735,1430,1457]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. franzinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Male genitalia characters are almost always necessary to separate these species.
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9E5AFA564627C1EC" authorityName="Trietsch &amp; Miko" authorityYear="2020" box="[361,610,1466,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9E5AFA564627C1EC" box="[361,610,1466,1492]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Conostigmus minimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9DAAFA564760C1EC" authorityName="Trietsch &amp; Miko" authorityYear="2020" box="[665,805,1466,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="musettiae">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9DAAFA564760C1EC" box="[665,805,1466,1492]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. musettiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9C83FA56407FC1EC" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[944,1082,1466,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviceps">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9C83FA56407FC1EC" box="[944,1082,1466,1492]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. laeviceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that they have a dense patch of setae on the distoventral edge of the harpe (absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9C2AFA3247E6C1CF" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[793,931,1501,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviceps">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9C2AFA3247E6C1CF" box="[793,931,1501,1528]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. laeviceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and lack the dorsomedian projection of the gonostylevolsella complex (present in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9D64F9ED46A5C223" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[599,736,1537,1563]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviceps">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9D64F9ED46A5C223" box="[599,736,1537,1563]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. laeviceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9DCBF9ED47B4C223" authorityName="Trietsch &amp; Miko" authorityYear="2020" box="[760,1009,1537,1563]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franzinii">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9DCBF9ED47B4C223" box="[760,1009,1537,1563]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Conostigmus franzinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has a dense patch of setae on the distoventral edge of the harpe as well as the proximodorsal notch of the cupula (absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9BBEF9C94153C206" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[1165,1302,1572,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviceps">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9BBEF9C94153C206" box="[1165,1302,1572,1599]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. laeviceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9A1DF9C9450BC25A" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctatus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9A1DF9C9450BC25A" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Conostigmus bipunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB3653F9ED2F9A4462FC25A" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[481,618,1608,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviceps">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9ED2F9A4462FC25A" box="[481,618,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. laeviceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that it has curved or sickle-shaped harpe in lateral view; it also has the dense patch of setae on the distoventral edge of the harpe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325654CFFB3653B9FF4F9624590C597" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFB3653F9FF4F9624134C362" blockId="49.[151,1437,153,2025]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9FF4F962451CC291" bold="true" box="[199,345,1678,1705]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Description.</emphasis>
Body length:
<quantity id="4CC79B22FFB3653F9EC6F96246F3C291" box="[501,694,1678,1705]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.725" metricValueMax="1.825" metricValueMin="1.625" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="1.725" valueMax="1.825" valueMin="1.625">
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B5000FFB3653F9EC6F9624676C291" box="[501,563,1678,1705]" degrees="1.625" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="55" value="1.625">1.625</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B5000FFB3653F9D07F96246C4C291" box="[564,641,1678,1705]" degrees="1.825" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="55" value="-1.825">1.825</geoCoordinate>
mm
</quantity>
. Color hue pattern in male: cranium and mesosoma reddishbrown to black; flagellomeres light brown; legs, scape, pedicel, neck of petiole and anterior portion of metasoma yellow; posterior portion of metasoma reddishbrown. Color intensity pattern in male: cranium darker than mesosoma. Col- or intensity dorsal and ventral to the site of the sternaulus: concolorous. Color intensity pattern of syntergite: petiole neck and anterior region of syntergite lighter in coloration than the posterior region of the syntergite. Foveolate sculpture on body count: absent. Rugose sculpturing count: absent. Rugose region on upper face count: absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFB3653F9FF4F88E4680C3D0" blockId="49.[151,1437,153,2025]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB3653F9FF4F88E4501C345" bold="true" box="[199,324,1890,1917]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Antennae:</emphasis>
Male scape length vs. pedicel length: 3.75.4. Male scape length vs. F1 length: 1.01.3. Male F1 length vs. pedicel length: 3.24.8. Male F1 length vs. male F2 length: 1.31.5. Longest male flagellomere: F1. Length of setae on male flagellomere vs. male flagellomere width: setae shorter than width of flagellomeres. Sensillar patch of the male flagellomere pattern: F5F9.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFB0653C9FF4FF754630C7D7" blockId="50.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB0653C9FF4FF754555C48B" bold="true" box="[199,272,153,179]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Head:</emphasis>
Head width, dorsal view: equal to or only slightly wider than mesosoma (less than 1.3× wider than mesosoma). Head height (HH, lateral view) vs. eye height (EHf, anterior view): HH:EHf=1.52.0. Head height (HH) vs. head length (HL): HH:HL=1.11.3. Head width (HW) vs. interorbital space (IOS): HW:IOS=1.61.8. Head width (HW) vs. head height (HH): HW:HH=1.11.4. Cephalic size (csb): Mean: 335480 μm. Maximum eye diameter vs. minimum eye diameter: 1.21.4. POL:OOL: POL equal to or shorter than OOL and ocellar triangle with short base. Male ocular ocellar line (OOL) vs. lateral ocellar line (LOL): OOL:LOL=1.62.5. Male ocular ocellar line (OOL) vs. posterior ocellar line (POL): OOL:POL=1.42.0. Male ocular ocellar line (OOL): posterior ocellar line (POL): lateral ocellar line (LOL): 1.62.5:0.81.8:1.0. Head shape (anterior view): circular or triangular. Preoccipital lunula count: present. Preoccipital carina count: absent. Occipital carina structure: occipital carina complete. Occipital carina sculpture: crenulate. Preoccipital furrow count: present. Preoccipital furrow anterior end: preoccipital furrow ends inside ocellar triangle, but ends posterior to the anterior ocellus. Preoccipital furrow sculpture: crenulate. Postocellar carina count: present. Dorsal margin of occipital carina vs. dorsal margin of lateral ocellus in lateral view: occipital carina ventral to lateral ocellus in lateral view. Transverse scutes on upper face count: absent. Transverse frontal carina count: absent. Randomly sized areolae around setal pits on upper face count: absent. Setal pit on vertex size: smaller than diameter of scutes. Ventromedian setiferous patch and ventrolateral setiferous patch count: absent. White, thick setae on upper face count: absent. Antennal scrobe count: absent. Facial structure count: facial pit present. Facial pit count: present. Facial sulcus count: absent. Median facial keel count: absent. Supraclypeal depression count: present. Supraclypeal depression structure: present medially, inverted U-shaped. Intertorular area count: present. Intertorular carina count: present. Median process on intertorular carina count: present. Median process on intertorular carina shape: acute. Median process of intertorular carina structure: process extends across intertorular area towards dorsal margin of clypeus; process does not extend across intertorular area to dorsal margin of clypeus. Median region of intertorular area shape: convex. Ventral margin of antennal rim vs. dorsal margin of clypeus: not adjacent. Toruloclypeal carina count: present. Subtorular carina count: absent. Mandibular tooth count: 2. Mandibular lancea count: absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFB0653C9FF4FC1546E0C33F" blockId="50.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB0653C9FF4FC15450AC02B" bold="true" box="[199,335,1017,1043]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Mesosoma:</emphasis>
Weber length: WL=480690 μm. Anterior mesoscutal width (AscW) vs. posterior mesoscutal width (PscW): AscW/PscW=0.60.8. Mesoscutal length (MscL) vs. anterior mesoscutal width (AscW): MscL/ AscW=1.21.7. Mesoscutal length (MscL) vs. mesoscutellar length (MscIL): MscL:MscIL= 0.81.0. Wing count: present. Fore wing size: wings present and macropterous with apex extending past petiole. Pronotum median length: less than longest median anatomical line of the mesoscutum. Notaulus count: present. Crenulae of notaulus width: width of the crenulae does not increase more than 2× anteriorly. Notaulus posterior end location: adjacent to transscutal articulation. Posterior region of notaulus orientation: posterior end of notaulus does not curve and is not adjacent to median mesoscutal sulcus. Median mesoscutal sulcus count: present. Median mesoscutal sulcus posterior end: adjacent to transscutal articulation. Scutoscutellar sulcus vs. transscutal articulation location: adjacent. Axillular carinae count: present. Axillular carinae shape: the left and right carinae are separated posteromedially. Speculum ventral limit: not extending ventrally of pleural pit line. Metapleural sulcus shape: straight. Mesometapleural sulcus count: present. Ventrolateral invagination of the pronotum count: present. Sternaulus count: present. Sternaulus length: elongate and exceeding 3/4 of mesopleuron length at level of sternaulus. Sternaulus sculpture: smooth. Epicnemial carina count: complete. Epicnemium posterior margin shape: anterior discrimenal pit present; epicnemial carina curved. Transverse striations on the ventral metapleural area count: absent. Scutes on posterior region of mesoscutum and dorsal region of mesoscutellum convexity: flat. Ventral projection of the metapleural carina count: present. Ventral projection of the metapleural carina length: less than 2× as long as wide. Lateral propodeal carina count: present. Lateral propodeal carina shape: inverted “Y” (left and right lateral propodeal are adjacent medially posterior to antecostal sulcus of the first abdominal tergum, and connected to the antecostal sulcus by a median carina representing the median branch of the inverted “Y”). Mesopostscutellum count: absent (scutellum flat). Anteromedian projection of the metanotopropodeometapectomesopectal complex count: absent. Posterior margin of nucha in dorsal view shape: straight.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFB0653D9FF4F8FD4602C5B3" blockId="50.[151,1437,153,2015]" lastBlockId="51.[151,1437,153,395]" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB0653C9FF4F8FD4508C313" bold="true" box="[199,333,1809,1835]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Metasoma:</emphasis>
Transverse carina on petiole shape: concave. Paired blue iridescent ovoid patches on the syntergite count: absent. Shortest width of petiole neck vs. syntergal translucent patch maximum width: 1.32.4. Shortest width of petiole neck vs. synsternal translucent patch maximum width: 2.13.2. Syntergal translucent patch maximum width vs. minimum width: 1.73.0. Synsternal translucent patch maximum width vs. minimum width: 1.2 2.0. Syntergal translucent patch maximum width orientation: anterolaterally. Synsternal translucent patch maximum width orientation: anterolaterally. Synsternal setiferous patch shape: linear, with a patch of setae lateral or posterior to the synsternal translucent patch. Synsternal setiferous patch structure: comprised of a single row of setae anterior to the synsternal translucent patch, with a patch of setae posterior to the synsternal translucent patch. Synsternal setiferous patch anterior end: synsternal setiferous patch begins anterior to the synsternal translucent patch anterior margin. Synsternal setiferous patch posterior end: synsternal setiferous patch ends posterior to the synsternal translucent patch posterior margin. Synsternal setiferous patch length vs. synsternal translucent patch maximum width: synsternal setiferous patch at least 2× as long as the maximum width of the synsternal translucent patch. S1 length vs. shortest width: S1 wider than long.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF40664FFFB1653D9FA4F887448BC390" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3896032" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3896032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3896032/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" startId="51.[151,250,1899,1924]" targetBox="[151,1436,417,1874]" targetPageId="51">
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFB1653D9FA4F887448BC390" blockId="51.[151,1437,1899,1960]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB1653D9FA4F8874561C3BC" bold="true" box="[151,292,1899,1924]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 28.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB1653D9E1EF8804692C3BC" authority="(Ashmead, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[301,727,1899,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviceps">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB1653D9E1EF880465FC3BC" box="[301,538,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Conostigmus laeviceps</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FFB1653D9D18F8874695C3BC" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[555,720,1899,1924]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 472" refId="ref99024" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1893) A monograph of the North American Proctotrypidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 45, 1 - 472. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.45.1" type="journal article" year="1893">Ashmead, 1893</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
male lectotype (USNMENT01339759). A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF40664FFFB6653A9FA4FB974499C0E3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3896034" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3896034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3896034/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" startId="52.[151,250,1147,1172]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1121]" targetPageId="52">
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFB6653A9FA4FB974499C0E3" blockId="52.[151,1436,1147,1243]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB6653A9FA4FB974567C0AC" bold="true" box="[151,290,1147,1172]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 29.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFB6653A9E19FB90468AC0AB" authority="(Ashmead, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[298,719,1147,1172]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviceps">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB6653A9E19FB904650C0AB" box="[298,533,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Conostigmus laeviceps</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FFB6653A9D17FB97468DC0AB" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[548,712,1147,1172]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 472" refId="ref99024" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1893) A monograph of the North American Proctotrypidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 45, 1 - 472. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.45.1" type="journal article" year="1893">Ashmead, 1893</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
male genitalia. A. Ventral view (PSUC_FEM 8795). B. Lateral view (PSUC_FEM 50136). C. Dorsal view (PSUC_FEM 8795).Abbreviation: medioventral ridge of the gonostylevolsella complex (mgv).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFB6653B9FF4FAE64590C597" blockId="52.[151,1437,1289,2036]" lastBlockId="53.[151,1437,153,827]" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB6653A9FF4FAE645C7C11C" bold="true" box="[199,386,1289,1316]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Male Genitalia:</emphasis>
Distal margin of male S9 shape: convex. Proximolateral corner of male S9 shape: acute. Male S9 distal setal line/setal patch count: distal setae composing transverse setiferous line or lines. Male S9 distal setal line / setal patch structure: single transverse row of setae occurring medially with additional distal setae below it, sometimes organized in one or two additional transverse rows. Distomedian hairless area interrupting transverse row of setae or patch on male S9 count: absent with distal setiferous patch/line continuous medially. Submedial projections on proximal margin of S9 count: absent. Cupula length vs. gonostylevolsella complex length: cupula less than 1/2 the length of gonostylevolsella complex in lateral view. Proximodorsal notch of cupula count: absent. Proximolateral projection of the cupula shape: blunt. Gonocondyle count: present. Gonocondyle shape: acute. Distodorsal margin of cupula shape: straight. Dorsomedian projection of the gonostylevolsella complex count: present. Dorsomedian projection of the gonostylevolsella complex shape: simple (not bilobed). Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostylevolsella complex count: present. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostylevolsella complex length relative to length of gonostylevolsella complex: dorsomedian conjunctiva extending equal to or less than 1/3 of length of gonostylevolsella complex in dorsal view. Dorsomedial margin of gonostylevolsella complex shape: straight with a median projection. Proximal end of dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostylevolsella complex shape: blunt or straight. Parossiculus count or parossiculus and gonostipes fusion: present and parossiculi not fused with the gonostipes. Medioventral conjunctiva of the gonostylevolsella complex count or fusion of parossiculi: medioventral conjunctiva absent and parossiculi fused. Medioventral ridge of the gonostylevolsella complex count (only applicable if medioventral conjunctiva of the gonostylevolsella complex absent): present. Apical parossicular setae count: one. Distal projection of the parossiculus count: present. Distal projection of the penisvalva count: absent. Gonossiculus spine count: 2. Gonossiculus spine length: one spine more than 2× as long as the other(s). Harpe length: harpe shorter than gonostipes in lateral view. Harpe shape: simple and not bilobed. Harpe orientation: medial. Lateral margin of harpe shape: widest point of harpe is at its articulation site with gonostylevolsella complex. Distal margin of harpe in lateral view: acute or pointed. Lateral setae of harpe count: absent. Lateral setae on harpe density: setae sparse. Dense patch of setae on the distoventral edge of the harpe count: absent. Distal setae on harpe length: setae not of equal length, longer setae present on distodorsal point of harpe. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe length vs. harpe width in lateral view: setae as long as or shorter than harpe width. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe orientation: distoventrally. Sensillar ring area of harpe orientation: medioventrally. Sensillar ring shape: elongate. Distoventral margin of harpe in lateral view: straight but can be more convex or concave in some specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325654CFFB7653B9FF4FE54458BC5EB" box="[199,462,440,467]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFB7653B9FF4FE54458BC5EB" blockId="53.[151,1437,153,827]" box="[199,462,440,467]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB7653B9FF4FE544524C5EB" bold="true" box="[199,353,440,467]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Distribution.</emphasis>
Nearctic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325654CFFB7653B9FF4FE3040E4C703" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFB7653B9FF4FE304102C623" blockId="53.[151,1437,153,827]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFB7653B9FF4FE3045F3C5CF" bold="true" box="[199,438,476,503]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Material Examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B573C9AFFB7653B9E8FFE314065C5CF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2636226359" box="[444,1056,476,503]" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States of America" location="USA" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="54848865FFB7653B9E8FFE314669C5CF" box="[444,556,477,503]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
male:
<collectingCountry id="F3287657FFB7653B9D45FE3146F7C5CF" box="[630,690,477,503]" name="United States of America" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">USA</collectingCountry>
: USNMENT01339759 (
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE02FFB7653B9CF2FE31405DC5CF" box="[961,1048,477,503]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="54848865FFB7653B9B1AFE314089C5CF" box="[1065,1228,477,503]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="9D39FD4EFFB7653B9BEFFE314172C5C0" box="[1244,1335,477,504]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
):
<materialsCitation id="3B573C9AFFB7653B9A7BFE31468FC623" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2636226334" collectingDate="01212996, 01212997" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States of America" location="USA" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<collectingCountry id="F3287657FFB7653B9A7BFE3141C1C5CF" box="[1352,1412,477,503]" name="United States of America" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="9D39FD4EFFB7653B9ABDFE314499C623" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
. USNMENT
<collectingDate id="EFC5E9EFFFB7653B9E5CFDED4619C623" box="[367,604,513,539]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<date id="FF811007FFB7653B9E5CFDED45A5C623" box="[367,480,513,539]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2996-01-21">01212996</date>
,
<date id="FF811007FFB7653B9EDFFDED4619C623" box="[492,604,513,539]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2997-01-21">01212997</date>
</collectingDate>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE02FFB7653B9D58FDED4687C623" box="[619,706,513,539]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B573C9AFFB7653B9DE7FDED4101C623" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2636226412" box="[724,1348,513,539]" collectingDate="2998-01-21" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States of America" location="Virginia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Virginia" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<collectingCountry id="F3287657FFB7653B9DE7FDED4755C623" box="[724,784,513,539]" name="United States of America" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49FBF825FFB7653B9C28FDED473EC623" box="[795,891,513,539]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Virginia</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D39FD4EFFB7653B9CB6FDED4791C623" box="[901,980,513,539]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
. USNMENT
<date id="FF811007FFB7653B9B55FDED4093C623" box="[1126,1238,513,539]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2998-01-21">
<collectingDate id="EFC5E9EFFFB7653B9B55FDED4093C623" box="[1126,1238,513,539]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2998-01-21">01212998</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE02FFB7653B9BD7FDED417EC623" box="[1252,1339,513,539]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFB7653B9FF4FDC940E4C703" blockId="53.[151,1437,153,827]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
Non-type material (
<specimenCount id="9D39FD4EFFB7653B9EAEFDC94643C678" box="[413,518,549,576]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="male">49 males</specimenCount>
):
<materialsCitation id="3B573C9AFFB7653B9D26FDC940D7C607" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2636226307" box="[533,1170,548,575]" collectionCode="PSUC, ROME" country="Canada" location="Ontario" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Ontario">
<collectingCountry id="F3287657FFB7653B9D26FDC946D4C607" box="[533,657,549,575]" name="Canada" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">CANADA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49FBF825FFB7653B9DAAFDC946B6C607" box="[665,755,549,575]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Ontario</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D39FD4EFFB7653B9DC9FDC94702C607" box="[762,839,549,575]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
.
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE02FFB7653B9C7DFDC947D1C607" box="[846,916,549,575]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/29fv-ztxs" name="Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State University" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">PSUC</collectionCode>
_FEM 16445 (
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE02FFB7653B9B01FDC940CCC607" box="[1074,1161,549,575]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2yxb-9en0" name="Royal Ontario Museum - Entomology" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">ROME</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B573C9AFFB7653B9BAAFDC94767C65B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2636226420" collectionCode="PSUC, OSUC" country="United States of America" location="Arizona" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCode="FEM 8795, 8799, 8826, 8905, 9077, 9549" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-male="6" stateProvince="Arizona">
<collectingCountry id="F3287657FFB7653B9BAAFDC94090C607" box="[1177,1237,549,575]" name="United States of America" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49FBF825FFB7653B9BE8FDC9417FC607" box="[1243,1338,549,575]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Arizona</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D39FD4EFFB7653B9A71FDC941DCC607" box="[1346,1433,549,575]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
.
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE02FFB7653B9FA4FDA54498C65B" box="[151,221,585,611]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/29fv-ztxs" name="Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State University" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">PSUC</collectionCode>
_
<specimenCode id="DB999EBCFFB7653B9FD8FDA54523C65B" box="[235,358,584,611]" collectionCode="PSUC" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/29fv-ztxs" name="Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State University" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">FEM 8795</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB999EBCFFB7653B9E43FDA545EEC65B" box="[368,427,585,611]" collectionCode="PSUC" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/29fv-ztxs" name="Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State University" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">8799</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB999EBCFFB7653B9E87FDA545AAC65B" box="[436,495,585,611]" collectionCode="PSUC" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/29fv-ztxs" name="Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State University" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">8826</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB999EBCFFB7653B9ECAFDA44671C65B" box="[505,564,584,611]" collectionCode="PSUC" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/29fv-ztxs" name="Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State University" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">8905</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB999EBCFFB7653B9D0DFDA5463CC65B" box="[574,633,585,611]" collectionCode="PSUC" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/29fv-ztxs" name="Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State University" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">9077</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB999EBCFFB7653B9DB0FDA446FEC65B" box="[643,699,584,611]" collectionCode="PSUC" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/29fv-ztxs" name="Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State University" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">9549</specimenCode>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE02FFB7653B9DFAFDA5475FC65B" box="[713,794,585,611]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x820-3v0f" name="Oregon State University" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">OSUC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B573C9AFFB7653B9C18FDA541DCC65B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2636226356" box="[811,1433,584,611]" collectionCode="PSUC" country="United States of America" location="Connecticut" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Connecticut">
<collectingCountry id="F3287657FFB7653B9C18FDA54722C65B" box="[811,871,585,611]" name="United States of America" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49FBF825FFB7653B9C42FDA547B8C65B" box="[881,1021,585,611]" country="United States of America" name="Connecticut" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Connecticut</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D39FD4EFFB7653B9B35FDA54011C65B" box="[1030,1108,585,611]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
.
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE02FFB7653B9B6EFDA540E6C65B" box="[1117,1187,585,611]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/29fv-ztxs" name="Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State University" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">PSUC</collectionCode>
_FEM 15253 (
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE02FFB7653B9A77FDA541D5C65B" box="[1348,1424,585,611]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/29fv-ztxs" name="Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State University" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">PSUC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B573C9AFFB7653B9FA4FD8140D7C6BF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2636226367" box="[151,1170,620,647]" collectionCode="PSUC, HIC" country="United States of America" location="Kentucky" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCode="86309" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Kentucky">
<collectingCountry id="F3287657FFB7653B9FA4FD814496C6BF" box="[151,211,621,647]" name="United States of America" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49FBF825FFB7653B9FD3FD814514C6BF" box="[224,337,621,647]" country="United States of America" name="Kentucky" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Kentucky</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D39FD4EFFB7653B9E6EFD8145FCC6BF" box="[349,441,621,647]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
.
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE02FFB7653B9EF7FD81464FC6BF" box="[452,522,621,647]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/29fv-ztxs" name="Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State University" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">PSUC</collectionCode>
_FEM 50136 (
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE02FFB7653B9D81FD8146ADC6BF" box="[690,744,621,647]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2agb-3d98" name="Hymenoptera Institute Collection, University of Kentucky" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="University or college">HIC</collectionCode>
);
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE02FFB7653B9DCEFD814706C6BF" box="[765,835,621,647]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/29fv-ztxs" name="Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State University" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">PSUC</collectionCode>
_FEM 86114,
<specimenCode id="DB999EBCFFB7653B9CD4FD814068C6BF" box="[999,1069,621,647]" collectionCode="PSUC" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/29fv-ztxs" name="Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State University" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">86309</specimenCode>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE02FFB7653B9B0DFD8140CFC6BF" box="[1086,1162,621,647]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/29fv-ztxs" name="Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State University" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">PSUC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B573C9AFFB7653B9BADFD814709C6CB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2636226438" collectionCode="CLEV, PSUC, OSUC" country="United States of America" location="Ohio" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCode="FEM 6652, 8772, 8889, 8993, 9044, 9458, 9465, 9560, 9666, 26604, 26672, 26708, 26747, 26753, 26788, 26793, 26867, 26907, 26917, 26960, 27136, 27174, 27203, 27218, 27290, 28746, 28910, 50076, 68554" specimenCount="33" specimenCount-male="33" stateProvince="Ohio">
<collectingCountry id="F3287657FFB7653B9BADFD81409FC6BF" box="[1182,1242,621,647]" name="United States of America" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49FBF825FFB7653B9BD4FD814166C6BF" box="[1255,1315,621,647]" country="United States of America" name="Ohio" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Ohio</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D39FD4EFFB7653B9A1CFD8141DCC6BF" box="[1327,1433,621,647]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="male">33 males</specimenCount>
. CMNHENT0022689, 0022709, 0022785, 0022790 (
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE02FFB7653B9DC3FD7D477AC693" box="[752,831,657,683]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33121" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33121" name="Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">CLEV</collectionCode>
);
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE02FFB7653B9C65FD7D47D9C693" box="[854,924,657,683]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/29fv-ztxs" name="Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State University" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">PSUC</collectionCode>
_
<specimenCode id="DB999EBCFFB7653B9C99FD7D406CC693" box="[938,1065,656,683]" collectionCode="PSUC" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/29fv-ztxs" name="Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State University" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">FEM 6652</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB999EBCFFB7653B9B0BFD7D4036C693" box="[1080,1139,657,683]" collectionCode="PSUC" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/29fv-ztxs" name="Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State University" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">8772</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB999EBCFFB7653B9BB2FD7D40F9C693" box="[1153,1212,657,683]" collectionCode="PSUC" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/29fv-ztxs" name="Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State University" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">8889</specimenCode>
,
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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