503 lines
61 KiB
XML
503 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document id="9E3D83EA69CEA03F01F82D7B3D41025F" ID-CLB-Dataset="21681" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4792.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dd8ef826-0c0f-4261-b127-1d1afa7f5601" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3895976" ID-ZooBank="326F6A15-216E-439A-AD59-3CDF7551D3F6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1592306202477" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Trietsch, Carolyn, Mikó, István, Ezray, Briana & Deans, Andrew R." docDate="2020" docId="039687D1FF10659D9FA4FF0D476FC4EF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4792.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4792 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Conostigmus Dahlbom 1858" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="147" masterDocId="FFAFFFA9FF82650E9F33FFEC4445C438" masterDocTitle="A Taxonomic Revision of Nearctic Conostigmus (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea: Megaspilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="155" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="147" updateTime="1698842444354" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="A5153EC9D1E25A1BE4AD37AF29BDC7B4" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A7F8F881DCEB1FE6F151CB1D7D16636D">
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<mods:title id="BCE37DC4A47278AC44CA58F1D730A4A5">A Taxonomic Revision of Nearctic Conostigmus (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea: Megaspilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5193BC37AA55220C7D1DEF1B3C267C12" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="7D81CAED2247525A3F4E8C82C2782877">Trietsch, Carolyn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="EB297CBAF8F276764C88CB8D04B4B733">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E35A5735A72AAE70527BD2A12323DD5B">Mikó, István</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B4E0DA9EEBB609F8A66F7B63658A901D">Ezray, Briana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8AB61D9438805A57E47B572A6ED74035">Deans, Andrew R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2CB2CCA4E2C92F6AF9B1F61BD7CD641D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="00753AF64CFB34246A8BD6CBD785A1B3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5195C8AC0FD147EC6D7B4B43BBD1FA0D">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="127C0B0FBB48C2F47B93E4AEEAD38037">2020-06-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="99B93DAB42F4AED98F8DDBF1FE3EF019">4792</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="3AF1B750BB17C7FB6DDED252137976F1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4792.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039687D1FF10659D9FA4FF0D476FC4EF" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164612389" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687D1FF10659D9FA4FF0D476FC4EF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687D1FF10659D9FA4FF0D476FC4EF" lastPageId="147" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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<subSubSection id="C325654CFF10659C9FA4FF0D4722C4C4" box="[151,871,225,252]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8036C7FF10659C9FA4FF0D4722C4C4" blockId="146.[151,1437,225,2016]" box="[151,871,225,252]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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<heading id="D0C881ABFF10659C9FA4FF0D4722C4C4" bold="true" box="[151,871,225,252]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9FA4FF0D4722C4C4" bold="true" box="[151,871,225,252]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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Distinguishing Male
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9EBCFF0D4663C4C3" ID-CoL="62MYC" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[399,550,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9EBCFF0D4663C4C3" bold="true" box="[399,550,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9D52FF0D46B3C4C4" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[609,758,225,252]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9D52FF0D46B3C4C4" bold="true" box="[609,758,225,252]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<tableCitation id="C6BD037CFF10659C9C37FF0D471BC4C4" box="[772,862,225,252]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="147.[151,239,262,286]" captionText="TABLE 3. A table listing all of the morphological differences between male and female Conostigmus and Dendrocerus." pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Table 3</tableCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C325654CFF10659C9FA4FEE946D1C6E8" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8036C7FF10659C9FA4FEE947C8C5EC" blockId="146.[151,1437,225,2016]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9FA4FEE9456DC527" ID-CoL="62PGW" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,296,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9FA4FEE9456DC527" box="[151,296,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9E6EFEEA45AAC518" ID-CoL="62MYC" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[349,495,262,288]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9E6EFEEA45AAC518" box="[349,495,262,288]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be incredibly difficult to distinguish (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FF10659C9CF3FEE940C0C527" author="Miko, I. & Yoder, M. J. & Deans, A. R." box="[960,1157,261,288]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="353 - 374" refId="ref102741" refString="Miko, I., Yoder, M. J. & Deans, A. R. (2011) Order Hymenoptera, Family Megaspilidae, Genus Dendrocerus. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE, 4, 353 - 374." type="journal article" year="2011">
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Mikó
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9B36FEEA4070C527" box="[1029,1077,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">et al</emphasis>
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., 2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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). There are both
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9A0DFEE94491C57B" ID-CoL="62PGW" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9A0DFEE94491C57B" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-like
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9E3EFEC645DAC57C" ID-CoL="62MYC" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[269,415,298,324]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9E3EFEC645DAC57C" box="[269,415,298,324]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species (including
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9D45FEC64695C57B" authorityName="Trietsch" authorityYear="2020" box="[630,720,297,324]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9D45FEC64695C57B" box="[630,720,297,324]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">C. lepus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9C36FEC647EEC57B" ID-CoL="XTMK" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[773,939,297,324]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangularis">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9C36FEC647EEC57B" box="[773,939,297,324]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">C. triangularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9CDAFEC6403EC57C" ID-CoL="62MYC" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[1001,1147,298,324]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9CDAFEC6403EC57C" box="[1001,1147,298,324]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-like
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9B87FEC54100C57B" ID-CoL="62PGW" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[1204,1349,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9B87FEC54100C57B" box="[1204,1349,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species (such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9FC9FEA245CDC55F" ID-CoL="6CJN9" baseAuthorityName="Boheman" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[250,392,334,359]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctipes">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9FC9FEA245CDC55F" box="[250,392,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">D. punctipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9EF3FEA24623C55F" ID-CoL="6CJNH" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[448,614,334,359]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penmaricus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9EF3FEA24623C55F" box="[448,614,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">D. penmaricus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). It is unclear to which genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9C8DFEA2403EC550" ID-CoL="XTJF" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1907" box="[958,1147,334,360]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatipennis">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9C8DFEA2403EC550" box="[958,1147,334,360]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">C. fasciatipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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belongs.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FF10659C9BDBFEA241D9C550" author="Dessart, P." box="[1256,1436,333,360]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="310" refId="ref99791" refString="Dessart, P. (1972 b) Revision des especes europeenes du genre Dendrocerus Ratzeburg, 1852 (Hymenoptera Ceraphronoidea). Memoires de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, 32, 310." type="journal article" year="1972">Dessart (1972b)</bibRefCitation>
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kept the species within the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9D3AFE9E46DEC5B4" ID-CoL="62MYC" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[521,667,370,396]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9D3AFE9E46DEC5B4" box="[521,667,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on the presence of the medioventral conjunctiva (medioventral conjunctiva always absent and parossiculi fused with the gonostipes in
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9C98FE794079C597" ID-CoL="62PGW" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[939,1084,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9C98FE794079C597" box="[939,1084,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FF10659C9B61FE7A4140C588" author="Dessart, P." box="[1106,1285,405,432]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="310" refId="ref99791" refString="Dessart, P. (1972 b) Revision des especes europeenes du genre Dendrocerus Ratzeburg, 1852 (Hymenoptera Ceraphronoidea). Memoires de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, 32, 310." type="journal article" year="1972">Dessart (1972b)</bibRefCitation>
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also noted its cylindrical male flagellomeres, which were typical of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9DC7FE5647C3C5EC" ID-CoL="62MYC" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[756,902,442,468]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9DC7FE5647C3C5EC" box="[756,902,442,468]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036C7FF10659C9FF4FE3246D1C6E8" blockId="146.[151,1437,225,2016]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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However, this species also lacks a facial pit (absent in most
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9C41FE314046C5CF" ID-CoL="62PGW" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[882,1027,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9C41FE314046C5CF" box="[882,1027,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and has a
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9BB4FE31415DC5CF" ID-CoL="62PGW" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[1159,1304,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9BB4FE31415DC5CF" box="[1159,1304,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-like obtuse ocellar triangle in males (POL greater than LOL), where the two posterior ocelli are closer to the compound eyes than to each other (POL greater than OOL). Molecular data has so far been unable to delimit
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9BAEFDCA416AC678" ID-CoL="62MYC" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[1181,1327,550,576]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9BAEFDCA416AC678" box="[1181,1327,550,576]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9A57FDCA44BFC65B" ID-CoL="62PGW" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9A57FDCA44BFC65B" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and determine the generic placement for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9DE2FDA647CBC65C" ID-CoL="XTJF" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1907" box="[721,910,586,612]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9DE2FDA647CBC65C" box="[721,910,586,612]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">C. fasciatipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on preliminary ultraconserved element (UCE) data,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9E18FD8245F8C6B0" ID-CoL="62MYC" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[299,445,622,648]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9E18FD8245F8C6B0" box="[299,445,622,648]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is paraphyletic and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9D9AFD81477FC6BF" ID-CoL="62PGW" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[681,826,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9D9AFD81477FC6BF" box="[681,826,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is polyphyletic, with a few
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9BB1FD814156C6BF" ID-CoL="62PGW" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[1154,1299,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9BB1FD814156C6BF" box="[1154,1299,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9AB2FD824549C693" ID-CoL="34P8L" baseAuthorityName="Curtis" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carpenteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9AB2FD824549C693" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">D. carpenteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9E71FD7E45AAC693" ID-CoL="34P8S" authorityName="Gahan" authorityYear="1919" box="[322,495,658,683]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conwentziae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9E71FD7E45AAC693" box="[322,495,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">D. conwentziae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) nested within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9DAFFD7E476BC694" ID-CoL="62MYC" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[668,814,658,684]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9DAFFD7E476BC694" box="[668,814,658,684]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9C56FD7E4067C694" ID-CoL="XTJF" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1907" box="[869,1058,658,684]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9C56FD7E4067C694" box="[869,1058,658,684]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">C. fasciatipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
separating those species from the rest of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9FD6FD594533C6F7" ID-CoL="62PGW" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[229,374,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9FD6FD594533C6F7" box="[229,374,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Blaimer
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9EDBFD5A465CC6F7" box="[488,537,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., in prep.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C325654CFF10659D9FF4FD35476FC4EF" lastPageId="147" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FF10659C9FF4FD354054C79F" blockId="146.[151,1437,225,2016]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Some commonly-used morphological characters for distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9CFBFD36401FC6CC" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[968,1114,730,756]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9CFBFD36401FC6CC" box="[968,1114,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9BA6FD354163C6CB" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[1173,1318,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9BA6FD354163C6CB" box="[1173,1318,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males are the ocellar ratios and the shape of the ocellar triangle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FF10659C9C32FD1147EAC720" author="Dessart, P." box="[769,943,765,792]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="203 - 208" refId="ref100341" refString="Dessart, P. (1995 b) 8.6 Megaspilidae. In: Hanson, P. & Gauld, I. D. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 203 - 208." type="book chapter" year="1995">Dessart, 1995b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FF10659C9C8FFD1240B2C72F" author="Dessart, P. & Cancemi, P." box="[956,1271,765,792]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="307 - 372" refId="ref100578" refString="Dessart, P. & Cancemi, P. (1987) Tableau dichotomique des genres de Ceraphronoidea (Hymenoptera) avec commentaries et nouvelles especes. Frustula Entomologie, 7 - 8, 307 - 372." type="journal article" year="1987">Dessart and Cancemi, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9A38FD1141D9C72F" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[1291,1436,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9A38FD1141D9C72F" box="[1291,1436,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males are usually distinguished as having an obtuse ocellar triangle (POL greater than LOL) where the two posterior ocelli are closer to the compound eyes than to each other (POL greater than OOL), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9BAAFCAA416EC758" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[1177,1323,838,864]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9BAAFCAA416EC758" box="[1177,1323,838,864]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males are usually thought to have an acute or equilateral ocellar triangle (POL equal to or less than LOL) where the posterior ocelli are closer to each other than to the compound eyes (POL less than OOL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FF10659C9FF4FC5E4173C063" blockId="146.[151,1437,225,2016]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
|
||
However, this does not hold true for all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9DBCFC5E4764C7F4" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[655,801,946,972]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9DBCFC5E4764C7F4" box="[655,801,946,972]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some species have more obtuse ocellar triangles (POL greater than LOL) in the males, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9D47FC3A474FC7C8" authorityName="Dessart" authorityYear="1997" box="[628,778,982,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrorufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9D47FC3A474FC7C8" box="[628,778,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">C. nigrorufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9C2BFC3A47D1C7D7" authorityName="Trietsch" authorityYear="2020" box="[792,916,981,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duncani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9C2BFC3A47D1C7D7" box="[792,916,981,1008]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">C. duncani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9CE1FC3A4032C7D7" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1907" box="[978,1143,981,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9CE1FC3A4032C7D7" box="[978,1143,981,1008]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">C. bipunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9A39FC3A41D9C7C8" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[1290,1436,982,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9A39FC3A41D9C7C8" box="[1290,1436,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
even have the posterior ocelli closer to the compound eyes than to each other (POL greater than OOL), including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9AB0FC164497C00F" authorityName="Trietsch" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9AB0FC164497C00F" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">C. lepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9E34FBF245E8C00F" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[263,429,1053,1080]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9E34FBF245E8C00F" box="[263,429,1053,1080]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">C. triangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As of now, there are no known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9C21FBF147E6C00F" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[786,931,1053,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9C21FBF147E6C00F" box="[786,931,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9B0AFBF2408EC000" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[1081,1227,1054,1080]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9B0AFBF2408EC000" box="[1081,1227,1054,1080]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like ocellar ratios, but more revisionary work on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9ED8FBAD4639C063" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[491,636,1089,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9ED8FBAD4639C063" box="[491,636,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is needed to investigate this before a conclusion can be made.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FF10659C9FF4FB89413DC137" blockId="146.[151,1437,225,2016]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Male antennal characters are also commonly used for distinguishing between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9B0CFB894095C047" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[1087,1232,1125,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9B0CFB894095C047" box="[1087,1232,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9A39FB8A41D9C0B8" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[1290,1436,1126,1152]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9A39FB8A41D9C0B8" box="[1290,1436,1126,1152]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FF10659C9FACFB654508C09C" author="Dessart, P." box="[159,333,1161,1188]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="203 - 208" refId="ref100341" refString="Dessart, P. (1995 b) 8.6 Megaspilidae. In: Hanson, P. & Gauld, I. D. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 203 - 208." type="book chapter" year="1995">Dessart, 1995b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FF10659C9E6AFB6646D6C09B" author="Dessart, P. & Cancemi, P." box="[345,659,1161,1188]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="307 - 372" refId="ref100578" refString="Dessart, P. & Cancemi, P. (1987) Tableau dichotomique des genres de Ceraphronoidea (Hymenoptera) avec commentaries et nouvelles especes. Frustula Entomologie, 7 - 8, 307 - 372." type="journal article" year="1987">Dessart and Cancemi, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Female antennae are indistinguishable between the two genera, but male antennae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9E52FB4245B6C0F0" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[353,499,1198,1224]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9E52FB4245B6C0F0" box="[353,499,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are symmetrical and cylindrical in shape, whereas the male flagellomeres of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9A57FB4244BFC0D3" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9A57FB4244BFC0D3" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are usually asymmetrical and can be serrate or trapezoidal. Some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9CEDFB3D402AC0D3" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[990,1135,1233,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9CEDFB3D402AC0D3" box="[990,1135,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have branched flagellomeres (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9E33FB1A45C4C137" authorityName="Dessart" authorityYear="1999" box="[256,385,1269,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9E33FB1A45C4C137" box="[256,385,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">D. mexicali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group), a state which is never found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9C0DFB1A4795C128" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[830,976,1270,1296]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9C0DFB1A4795C128" box="[830,976,1270,1296]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FF10659C9CECFB1940CFC128" author="Dessart, P." box="[991,1162,1269,1296]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="349 - 382" refId="ref100295" refString="Dessart, P. (1995 a) A propos du genre Dendrocerus Ratzeburg, 1852. Les especes du group " penmaricus " (Hymenoptera Ceraphronoidea Megaspilidae). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie, 131, 349 - 382." type="journal article" year="1995">Dessart, 1995a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FF10659C9BA6FB19409BC128" author="Dessart, P." box="[1173,1246,1269,1296]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="203 - 208" refId="ref100341" refString="Dessart, P. (1995 b) 8.6 Megaspilidae. In: Hanson, P. & Gauld, I. D. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 203 - 208." type="book chapter" year="1995">1995b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FF10659C9BDAFB194161C137" author="Dessart, P." box="[1257,1316,1269,1295]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="169 - 275" refId="ref100502" refString="Dessart, P. (1999) Revision des Dendrocerus du groupe " halidayi " (Hym. Ceraphronoidea Megaspilidae). Belgian Journal of Entomology, 1, 169 - 275." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FF10659C9A1CFB19412EC137" author="Dessart, P." box="[1327,1387,1269,1295]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="3 - 124" refId="ref100535" refString="Dessart, P. (2001) Les Megaspilinae ni europeens, ni americains 2. Les Dendrocerus Ratzeburg, 1852, a males non flabellicornes (Hymenoptera Ceraphronoidea Megaspilidae). Belgian Journal of Entomology, 3, 3 - 124." type="journal article" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FF10659C9FF4FAF547DBC234" blockId="146.[151,1437,225,2016]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Of course, there are some exceptions in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9DBFFAF54758C10B" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[652,797,1305,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9DBFFAF54758C10B" box="[652,797,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9CA0FAF6407DC10B" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[915,1080,1306,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penmaricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9CA0FAF6407DC10B" box="[915,1080,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">D. penmaricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9A09FAF64489C16F" baseAuthorityName="Boheman" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9A09FAF64489C16F" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">D. punctipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group have symmetrical, cylindrical male flagellomeres that resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9BACFAD24174C160" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[1183,1329,1342,1368]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9BACFAD24174C160" box="[1183,1329,1342,1368]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FF10659C9A73FAD144A5C143" author="Dessart, P." pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="222 - 226" refId="ref100131" refString="Dessart, P. (1983 b) Dendrocerus psyllarum n. sp. (Hym. Ceraphronoidea Megaspilidae) parasite ou hyperparasite de psylles (Hom. Psyllidae) en France et en Belgique. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie, 119, 222 - 226." type="journal article" year="1983">Dessart, 1983b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FF10659C9FDDFA8D4573C144" author="Dessart, P." box="[238,310,1377,1404]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="349 - 382" refId="ref100295" refString="Dessart, P. (1995 a) A propos du genre Dendrocerus Ratzeburg, 1852. Les especes du group " penmaricus " (Hymenoptera Ceraphronoidea Megaspilidae). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie, 131, 349 - 382." type="journal article" year="1995">1995a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9D3FFA8E46F1C143" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[524,692,1378,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penmaricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9D3FFA8E46F1C143" box="[524,692,1378,1403]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">D. penmaricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group can be differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9B0EFA8E408AC144" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[1085,1231,1378,1404]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9B0EFA8E408AC144" box="[1085,1231,1378,1404]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the maximum scape width, which is greater than the pedicel length in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9C2BFA6A47FAC1A7" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[792,959,1414,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penmaricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9C2BFA6A47FAC1A7" box="[792,959,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">D. penmaricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group members (maximum scape width less than pedicel length in all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9D10FA4646F0C1FC" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[547,693,1450,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9D10FA4646F0C1FC" box="[547,693,1450,1476]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FF10659C9DFFFA454732C1FC" author="Dessart, P." box="[716,887,1449,1476]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="349 - 382" refId="ref100295" refString="Dessart, P. (1995 a) A propos du genre Dendrocerus Ratzeburg, 1852. Les especes du group " penmaricus " (Hymenoptera Ceraphronoidea Megaspilidae). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie, 131, 349 - 382." type="journal article" year="1995">Dessart, 1995a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9C89FA464003C1FB" baseAuthorityName="Boheman" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[954,1094,1450,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9C89FA464003C1FB" box="[954,1094,1450,1475]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">D. punctipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group is more difficult to distinguish from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9E46FA224642C1D0" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[373,519,1486,1512]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9E46FA224642C1D0" box="[373,519,1486,1512]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but can be differentiated by the combination of the fused parossiculi, absence of the facial pit, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9E52FA1D45B7C233" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[353,498,1521,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9E52FA1D45B7C233" box="[353,498,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like ocellar triangle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FF10659C9DD0FA1D47D4C234" author="Dessart, P." box="[739,913,1521,1548]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="222 - 226" refId="ref100131" refString="Dessart, P. (1983 b) Dendrocerus psyllarum n. sp. (Hym. Ceraphronoidea Megaspilidae) parasite ou hyperparasite de psylles (Hom. Psyllidae) en France et en Belgique. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie, 119, 222 - 226." type="journal article" year="1983">Dessart, 1983b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FF10659D9FF4F9F9476FC4EF" blockId="146.[151,1437,225,2016]" lastBlockId="147.[151,1436,153,215]" lastPageId="147" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Though the characters discussed above can be useful for distinguishing male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9B0DF9FA4095C208" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[1086,1232,1558,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9B0DF9FA4095C208" box="[1086,1232,1558,1584]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9A38F9F941D9C217" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[1291,1436,1557,1583]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9A38F9F941D9C217" box="[1291,1436,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens, they should not be used individually to make an identification. We recommend using a combination of characters to distinguish genera due to the numerous exceptions and overlap between these two genera. In addition to the characters above, some useful characters include the presence of the sternaulus (always absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9A0DF96D4491C287" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9A0DF96D4491C287" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but present or absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9ED9F94A4639C2F8" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[490,636,1702,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9ED9F94A4639C2F8" box="[490,636,1702,1728]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), wing presence (wings never absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9B08F9494089C287" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[1083,1228,1701,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9B08F9494089C287" box="[1083,1228,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but present or absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9FDBF926453FC2DC" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[232,378,1738,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9FDBF926453FC2DC" box="[232,378,1738,1764]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), notauli posterior end (always adjacent to the transscutal articulation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9B9EF926417AC2DC" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[1197,1343,1738,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9B9EF926417AC2DC" box="[1197,1343,1738,1764]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but not adjacent in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9E6FF90145A8C33F" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[348,493,1773,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9E6FF90145A8C33F" box="[348,493,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and male genitalia characters including the presence of the parossiculi (parossiculi fused with the gonostipes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9EE6F8FD4623C313" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[469,614,1809,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9EE6F8FD4623C313" box="[469,614,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but never in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9DCBF8FE47CFC314" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[760,906,1810,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9DCBF8FE47CFC314" box="[760,906,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the medioventral conjunctiva of the gono-style–volsella complex (parossiculi never independent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9C2DF8D947EAC377" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[798,943,1845,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9C2DF8D947EAC377" box="[798,943,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but independent or fused in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9BC9F8DA41C9C368" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[1274,1420,1846,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9BC9F8DA41C9C368" box="[1274,1420,1846,1872]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FF10659C9FACF8B5457BC34C" author="Dessart, P." box="[159,318,1881,1908]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="409 - 458" refId="ref100183" refString="Dessart, P. (1985) Les Dendrocerus a notaulices incompletes (Hymenoptera Ceraphronoidea Megaspilidae). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie, 121, 409 - 458." type="journal article" year="1985">Dessart, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FF10659C9E7AF8B545D4C34C" author="Dessart, P." box="[329,401,1881,1908]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="349 - 382" refId="ref100295" refString="Dessart, P. (1995 a) A propos du genre Dendrocerus Ratzeburg, 1852. Les especes du group " penmaricus " (Hymenoptera Ceraphronoidea Megaspilidae). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie, 131, 349 - 382." type="journal article" year="1995">1995a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FF10659C9EAFF8B545A0C34C" author="Dessart, P." box="[412,485,1881,1908]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="203 - 208" refId="ref100341" refString="Dessart, P. (1995 b) 8.6 Megaspilidae. In: Hanson, P. & Gauld, I. D. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 203 - 208." type="book chapter" year="1995">1995b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FF10659C9EC2F8B54669C34B" author="Dessart, P." box="[497,556,1881,1907]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="169 - 275" refId="ref100502" refString="Dessart, P. (1999) Revision des Dendrocerus du groupe " halidayi " (Hym. Ceraphronoidea Megaspilidae). Belgian Journal of Entomology, 1, 169 - 275." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FF10659C9D04F8B54637C34B" author="Dessart, P." box="[567,626,1881,1907]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="3 - 124" refId="ref100535" refString="Dessart, P. (2001) Les Megaspilinae ni europeens, ni americains 2. Les Dendrocerus Ratzeburg, 1852, a males non flabellicornes (Hymenoptera Ceraphronoidea Megaspilidae). Belgian Journal of Entomology, 3, 3 - 124." type="journal article" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FF10659C9D4CF8B54701C34B" author="Miko, I. & Yoder, M. J. & Deans, A. R." box="[639,836,1881,1908]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="353 - 374" refId="ref102741" refString="Miko, I., Yoder, M. J. & Deans, A. R. (2011) Order Hymenoptera, Family Megaspilidae, Genus Dendrocerus. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE, 4, 353 - 374." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Mikó
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9DF0F8B646B1C34B" box="[707,756,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FF10659C9C7CF8B547C9C34B" author="Miko, I. & Masner, L. & Johannes, E. & Yoder, M. J. & Deans, A. R." box="[847,908,1881,1907]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="261 - 347" refId="ref102783" refString="Miko, I., Masner, L., Johannes, E., Yoder, M. J. & Deans, A. R. (2013) Male terminalia of Ceraphronoidea: morphological diversity in an otherwise monotonous taxon. Insect Systematics and Evolution, 44, 261 - 347. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 1876312 X- 04402002" type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The facial pit is present in most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9A39F8B641D9C34C" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[1290,1436,1882,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9A39F8B641D9C34C" box="[1290,1436,1882,1908]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(exceptions include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9E4EF8924653C3AF" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[381,534,1917,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9E4EF8924653C3AF" box="[381,534,1917,1944]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">C. dimidiatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9D62F8924748C3AF" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[593,781,1917,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythrothorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9D62F8924748C3AF" box="[593,781,1917,1944]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">C. erythrothorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and absent in most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9B32F89140D7C3AF" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[1025,1170,1917,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9B32F89140D7C3AF" box="[1025,1170,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(exceptions include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9AB2F8924549C383" baseAuthorityName="Curtis" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carpenteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9AB2F8924549C383" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">D. carpenteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9E28F84E45D3C383" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1907" box="[283,406,1953,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9E28F84E45D3C383" box="[283,406,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">D. flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9EE3F84E46CFC383" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[464,650,1953,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rectangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9EE3F84E46CFC383" box="[464,650,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">D. rectangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Other characters that can be useful but are more subjective include metapleural sulcus shape (usually curved in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9DBAF829475FC3E7" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[649,794,1989,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9DBAF829475FC3E7" box="[649,794,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and straight in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF10659C9CF9F82A4019C3D8" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[970,1116,1990,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF10659C9CF9F82A4019C3D8" box="[970,1116,1990,2016]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, though it appears curved in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF11659D9FEBFF75452CC48B" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[216,361,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF11659D9FEBFF75452CC48B" box="[216,361,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF11659D9E90FF754670C48B" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[419,565,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF11659D9E90FF754670C48B" box="[419,565,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF11659D9DA1FF7546A8C48B" authorityName="Trietsch" authorityYear="2020" box="[658,749,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF11659D9DA1FF7546A8C48B" box="[658,749,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">C. lepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF11659D9C12FF754782C48B" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[801,967,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF11659D9C12FF754782C48B" box="[801,967,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">C. triangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), as well as head shape (usually triangular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF11659D9F87FF514500C4EF" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[180,325,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF11659D9F87FF514500C4EF" box="[180,325,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">Dendrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and globulose or circular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FF11659D9DB4FF51475CC4EF" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[647,793,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FF11659D9DB4FF51475CC4EF" box="[647,793,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |