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<document id="D1AFB5DDDC2A9B0A42B76F6EA503D99B" ID-CLB-Dataset="46928" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276516" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc559380-c662-45b3-8e4e-6f63e11d9c90" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276516" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460349393132" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vieira, Leandro M., Gordon, Dennis P., Souza, Facelucia B. C. &amp; Haddad, Maria Angélica" docDate="2010" docId="039687C7FFCEFFEFFAEF2054FEC6FECB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02722p053.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2722" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cigclisula arborescens" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FFAFFFBFFFD2FFF0FA78230BFFAAFFA7" masterDocTitle="New and little-known cheilostomatous Bryozoa from the south and southeastern Brazilian continental shelf and slope" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1698293647417" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="9A15EE0F71C65BF9C9866FF289C36CE7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="5F0B3BC6D2CEFAC6911F49CD9848BE4D">
<mods:title id="DB60A8C6A2301471B3400AE192688A34">New and little-known cheilostomatous Bryozoa from the south and southeastern Brazilian continental shelf and slope</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B64C9B0BBC71E389FD715AD7E62A827A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7E36930E674F794F9A921417127EF313">
<mods:roleTerm id="45A412AEAD1C093D3502182148F6D48B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="86B5054C0ACE64AB52EEDF24A43F1AD5">Vieira, Leandro M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2B10D3942814C08122CEC908C6C67F84" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FDDAD3841CAAE62AFA5C11C6E88278C5">
<mods:roleTerm id="AD7AF046D80D2FDB9AE7D8B84B292121">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8FF7E3EFDD5976F96BA8950DA743710C">Gordon, Dennis P.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7CD3016EFF0FD8532846E982349FDDD7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A6BE93DAC806527A107295A658533644">
<mods:roleTerm id="C2EF2B82716DF0F6F3612EE850DCAA21">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="041FE7FB46675F67DE2C14F80522999C">Souza, Facelucia B. C.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="171120FAC79A37C05E9A0E76C5674F9F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6FAF7802046AE0FE410DE719E46530AC">
<mods:roleTerm id="9CCACE2BD5F75C8BCA3CC186FE30255B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="42F1B4DD9D607CBBCE189ACE9FC66097">Haddad, Maria Angélica</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="090806666208BBB7B297A8679EF273A5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="DF8CD129CE8BF4DE130066ECC7944A22" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="354258D5254DEA1861DB72D3C14DFB93">
<mods:title id="CD779ED725F5C8770D1735404EFC7FA0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="E18367AD2B425283AFF5D205A307D482">
<mods:date id="2533355B89075D67F38F54FC8283594D">2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="23C8D0DC3611730B2F778882D13A2853" type="volume">
<mods:number id="91F976C67D60A28BC281DAA74AB4B759">2722</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="11C37F46B9C07BDDB88F2F2D669E5EDD">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="F6F7D59E8E936AB340A6D5677EA7C0A0">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6C9D71C8FA864AF9F1B4D94001CB3E23" type="CLB-Dataset">46928</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D38DC578CFBC53A94F1F1A0C7B42BDB7" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.276516</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="25BADA1A844AE2FE69AC7A54556C5F13" type="GBIF-Dataset">bc559380-c662-45b3-8e4e-6f63e11d9c90</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F13B630CB1CB3178A60D482A3E0E2FF8" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5D3048A10443494123F07B445BF14852" type="Zenodo-Dep">276516</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039687C7FFCEFFEFFAEF2054FEC6FECB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6206068" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119407781" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6206068" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687C7FFCEFFEFFAEF2054FEC6FECB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687C7FFCEFFEFFAEF2054FEC6FECB" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<subSubSection id="C325655AFFCEFFECFAEF2054FE6DFC3B" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8036D1FFCEFFECFAEF2054FCFBFCDE" blockId="28.[151,849,863,924]" box="[151,849,863,889]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="D0C881BDFFCEFFECFAEF2054FCFBFCDE" bold="true" box="[151,849,863,889]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCEFFECFAEF2054FCFBFCDE" bold="true" box="[151,849,863,889]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCEFFECFAEF2054FE03FCDE" box="[151,425,863,889]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Cigclisula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="arborescens">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCEFFECFAEF2054FE03FCDE" bold="true" box="[151,425,863,889]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cigclisula arborescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCEFFECFBC02054FD72FCDE" author="Canu" box="[440,728,863,889]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1928 a) Bryozoaires du Bresil. Bulletin de la Societe des Seine-et-Oise, 9 (5), 58 - 100, 9 pls." type="journal article" year="1928" yearSuffix="a">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928a</bibRefCitation>
) n. comb.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036D1FFCEFFECFAEF2089FE6DFC3B" blockId="28.[151,849,863,924]" box="[151,455,898,924]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
(
<figureCitation id="13042A54FFCEFFECFAE72089FEE6FC3B" box="[159,332,898,924]" captionStart="FIGURES 67 – 72" captionStartId="30.[151,270,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,595,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,595,1880]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 67 – 72. Cigclisula arborescens (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928 a) n. comb. 67 – 69, USNM 8565 (lectotype specimen of Rhynchozoon arborescens), off Bahia, Brazil. 67, Distal end of colony; 68, close-up of ovicelled zooid with small avicularia; 69, close-up of orifice. 70 – 72, MZUSP 0 315 (part of specimen), off São Paulo, Brazil. 70, Distal end of colony; 71, distal view of autozooids; 72, close-up of ovicelled autozooid with two small avicularia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276532/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figures 67–72</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6BD036AFFCEFFECFB202089FE14FC3B" box="[344,446,898,924]" captionStart="TABLE 14" captionStartId="29.[151,239,482,506]" captionTargetBox="[151,1370,533,897]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="TABLE 14. Measurements (in mm) of Cigclisula arborescens (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928 a) n. comb." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF406659FFCFFFEDFAEF22E9FB0CFE5D" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" tableUuid="DF406659FFCFFFEDFAEF22E9FB0CFE5D">Table 14</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325655AFFCEFFECFAEF20C3FC41FC58" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8036D1FFCEFFECFAEF20C3FC07FC78" blockId="28.[151,1003,968,1023]" box="[151,941,968,991]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2F11FFFFCEFFECFAEF20C3FC07FC78" box="[151,941,968,991]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCEFFECFAEF20C3FE8DFC78" ID-CoL="84T8S" box="[151,295,968,991]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCEFFECFAEF20C3FE8DFC78" box="[151,295,968,991]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Rhynchozoon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(?)
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCEFFECFB2920C3FD50FC78" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928a: 89" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityPageNumber="89" authorityYear="1928" box="[337,762,968,991]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Cigclisula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="arborescens">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCEFFECFB2920C3FE79FC78" box="[337,467,968,991]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">arborescens</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10C0FFCEFFECFBA120C3FD50FC78" author="Canu" box="[473,762,968,991]" page="89" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1928">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCEFFECFBA120C3FD79FC78" author="Canu" box="[473,723,968,991]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1928 a) Bryozoaires du Bresil. Bulletin de la Societe des Seine-et-Oise, 9 (5), 58 - 100, 9 pls." type="journal article" year="1928" yearSuffix="a">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928a</bibRefCitation>
: 89
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 7, figs 4–10.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036D1FFCEFFECFAEF20E3FC41FC58" blockId="28.[151,1003,968,1023]" box="[151,1003,1000,1023]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2F11FFFFCEFFECFAEF20E3FC41FC58" box="[151,1003,1000,1023]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCEFFECFAEF20E3FDD3FC58" authority="Souza, 1989: 502" authorityName="Souza" authorityPageNumber="502" authorityYear="1989" box="[151,633,1000,1023]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="arborescens">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCEFFECFAEF20E3FE04FC58" box="[151,430,1000,1023]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Rhynchozoon arborescens</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10C0FFCEFFECFBC420E3FDD3FC58" author="Souza" box="[444,633,1000,1023]" page="502" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCEFFECFBC420E3FDEEFC58" author="Souza" box="[444,580,1000,1023]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Souza, F. B. C. (1989) Especies de briozoarios da Bahia. Anais do XI Congresso Brasileiro de Paleontologia, 1, 493 - 507." type="journal article" year="1989">Souza, 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 502
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10C0FFCEFFECF8FC20E3FCC7FC58" author="Vieira" box="[644,877,1000,1023]" page="33" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCEFFECF8FC20E3FCE2FC58" author="Vieira" box="[644,840,1000,1023]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Vieira, L. M., Migotto, A. E. &amp; Winston, J. E. (2008) Synopsis and annotated checklist of Recent marine Bryozoa from Brazil. Zootaxa, 1810, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="2008">
Vieira
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCEFFECF8B420E3FD51FC58" box="[716,763,1000,1023]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
., 2008
</bibRefCitation>
: 33
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325655AFFCEFFECFAEF2726FA98FB35" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8036D1FFCEFFECFAEF2726FA98FB35" blockId="28.[151,1437,1069,2028]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCEFFECFAEF2726FE3DFBE0" bold="true" box="[151,407,1069,1095]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Material examined.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCEFFECFBD82726FDB2FBE1" box="[416,536,1069,1094]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<typeStatus id="54848873FFCEFFECFBD82726FDB2FBE1" box="[416,536,1069,1094]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(chosen here).
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE14FFCEFFECF8A12726FC9AFBE0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[729,816,1069,1095]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">USNM</collectionCode>
8565, Bahia,
<collectingCountry id="F3287641FFCEFFECF9982726FB9AFBE0" box="[992,1072,1069,1095]" name="Brazil" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
<typeStatus id="54848873FFCEFFECFE442726FB4EFBE0" box="[1084,1252,1069,1095]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
(chosen here).
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE14FFCEFFECFAEF2759FF46FBCB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,236,1106,1132]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">USNM</collectionCode>
542389, Bahia,
<collectingCountry id="F3287641FFCEFFECFBC82759FE56FBCB" box="[432,508,1106,1132]" name="Brazil" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCEFFECF8702758FD5AFBCB" box="[520,752,1107,1132]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Additional material</emphasis>
.
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE14FFCEFFECF9782759FCC8FBCB" box="[768,866,1106,1132]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MZUSP</collectionCode>
0 315,
<collectingCountry id="F3287641FFCEFFECF9CD2759FBAAFBCB" box="[949,1024,1106,1132]" name="Brazil" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, project REVIZEE South
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE14FFCEFFECFF4E2759FA32FBCB" box="[1334,1432,1106,1132]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">SCORE</collectionCode>
, RV ‘Prof. Wladimir Besnard’, station 6662.
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE14FFCEFFECF8E62773FCAAFB35" box="[670,768,1144,1170]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MZUSP</collectionCode>
0 316, station 6674
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE14FFCEFFECF9902773FBE0FB35" box="[1000,1098,1144,1170]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MZUSP</collectionCode>
0 317, station 6678.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325655AFFCEFFECFABD2796FC44F8F0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8036D1FFCEFFECFABD2796FC44F8F0" blockId="28.[151,1437,1069,2028]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCEFFECFABD2796FED5FB10" bold="true" box="[197,383,1181,1207]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Redescription.</emphasis>
Colony robust, erect, bilaminar, with stout base, dichotomously branching, yellowishbrown in colour; mostly in one plane, with occasional short branches developing at right angles frontally from a branch surface. Zooids recumbent with subterminal orifice at branch tips but becoming suberect with a central orifice owing to secondary calcification proximal to branch tips. Shape oval to diamond-shaped or irregularly polygonal, separated by deep furrows in which there is an inconspicuous raised wall. Frontal shield convex, the surface smooth to granular, typically centrally imperforate with several areolar septular pores along each lateral margin, these sometimes branching within the wall calcification to appear more frontal in position. Orifice relatively large, subcircular with a deep round poster that is nearly as large as the anter; the two parts of the orifice separated by a pair of stout, inwardly projecting round-tipped condyles. Secondary calcification of the frontal shield around the primary orifice results in its partial concealment by a peristome and sometimes by associated tubercles. No oral spines. A suboral avicularium with crossbar occurs transversely within the peristome of some zooids, frontally concealed, with the D-shaped rostrum and palate facing into the peristomial shaft; 1–3 very small circular
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCEFFECF9422556FC04F9D0" box="[826,942,1629,1655]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Candidae" genus="Amastigia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="avicularia">avicularia</taxonomicName>
may occur frontolaterally in some zooids and on ovicells, with crossbar complete. Large spatulate vicarious
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCEFFECF9E42589FBA5F93B" box="[924,1039,1666,1692]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Candidae" genus="Amastigia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="avicularia">avicularia</taxonomicName>
rarely found between autozooids; crossbar complete. Ovicelled zooids larger than ordinary autozooids, the ovicell a flattened hood; developing ovicells cucullate at growing margin, becoming incorporated in secondary calcification in mature zooids, the frontal surface smooth; ovicell opening into the peristome above the level of the operculum, with skeletal processes partly blocking the entrance; proximal rim of peristome of maternal zooid with a stout tubercle. Interzooidal communication via mural septular pores; no pore-chambers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325655AFFCEFFEFFABE2469FACCFE85" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8036D1FFCEFFEDFABE2469FBD7FE10" blockId="28.[151,1437,1069,2028]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1437,152,439]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCEFFECFABE2469FE95F8DB" bold="true" box="[198,319,1890,1916]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Remarks.</emphasis>
The characters of this species have necessitated transfer from
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCEFFECFE282468FECBF805" authority="Hincks, 1895" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1895" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCEFFECFE282468FB44F8DB" box="[1104,1262,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Rhynchozoon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCEFFECFE822469FA36F8DB" author="Hincks" box="[1274,1436,1890,1916]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Hincks, T. (1895) Index [to &quot; Marine Polyzoa: contributions towards a general history &quot;]. London, 6 pp." type="book" year="1895">Hincks, 1895</bibRefCitation>
(Phidoloporidae)
</taxonomicName>
, from which it differs in characters of the frontal shield, peristomial complex, and ovicell, to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCEFFECFAEF24A6FEB9F861" box="[151,275,1965,1990]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Cigclisula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCEFFECFAEF24A6FEB9F861" box="[151,275,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cigclisula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This genus was established by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCEFFECF8E624A6FC12F860" author="Canu" box="[670,952,1965,1991]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1927) Classification of the cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, 69 (14), 1 - 42, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1927">Canu &amp; Bassler (1927)</bibRefCitation>
monotypically for
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCEFFECFEDB24A6FE8BF84B" authority="Busk, 1884" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1884" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Exochellidae" genus="Escharoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="occlusa">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCEFFECFEDB24A6FA36F861" box="[1187,1436,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Escharoides occlusa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCEFFECFAEF24D9FE8BF84B" author="Busk" box="[151,289,2002,2028]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Busk, G. (1884) Report on the Polyzoa collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I, The Cheilostomata. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 10 (30), xxiv 1 - 216, 36 pls." type="journal article" year="1884">Busk, 1884</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54848873FFCEFFECFB4A24D9FEC2F84B" box="[306,360,2002,2028]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
locality Zamboanga,
<collectingCountry id="F3287641FFCEFFECF80824D9FD51F84B" box="[624,763,2002,2028]" name="Philippines" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, c.
<quantity id="4CC79B34FFCEFFECF95E24D9FCCEF84B" box="[806,868,2002,2028]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
depth; pers. comm. Mary Spencer Jones). The precise number of additional Recent species attributable to the genus is uncertain, perhaps six, comprising five Indo-Pacific and one recently described from
<collectingCountry id="F3287641FFCFFFEDF88523B6FCC5FF70" box="[765,879,189,215]" name="Barbados" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Barbados</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDF9E623B6FA8AFF70" author="Winston" box="[926,1312,189,215]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Winston, J. E. &amp; Woollacott, R. M. (2009) Scientific results of the Hassler Expedition. Bryozoa. No. 1. Barbados. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 159, 239 - 300." type="journal article" year="2009">Winston and Woollacott (2009)</bibRefCitation>
. An erect, bilamellar colony form, whether branched or unbranched, is normal. During development, the ovicell becomes cucullate, sometimes with a median fissure that, depending on the species, becomes completely or partially closed (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDFBE92226FD9EFEE0" author="Harmer" box="[401,564,301,327]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1957) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition. Part 4. Cheilostomata Ascophora. II. Siboga Expeditie, 28 d, xv 641 - 1147, pls 42 - 74." type="journal article" year="1957">Harmer 1957</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 69). Hence, following
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDF9022226FB38FEE0" author="Canu" box="[890,1170,301,327]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1927) Classification of the cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, 69 (14), 1 - 42, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1927">Canu &amp; Bassler (1927)</bibRefCitation>
who coined the name from “Greek:
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDFB302259FE30FECC" box="[328,410,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">cigclis</emphasis>
, grating”, alluding to the ovicell,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDF9332259FBBFFECB" author="Hastings" box="[843,1045,338,364]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Hastings, A. B. (1932) The Polyzoa with a note on an associated hydroid. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 4 (12), 399 - 458, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1932">Hastings (1932)</bibRefCitation>
noted the “fissured ovicell” as characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDFB252273FE7DFE36" box="[349,471,376,401]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Cigclisula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDFB252273FE7DFE36" box="[349,471,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cigclisula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[see
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDF86E2273FCFCFE35" authority="Hastings, 1932" authorityName="Hastings" authorityYear="1932" box="[534,854,376,402]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Cigclisula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cautium">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDF86E2273FD33FE36" box="[534,665,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. cautium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDF8D92273FCFCFE35" author="Hastings" box="[673,854,376,402]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Hastings, A. B. (1932) The Polyzoa with a note on an associated hydroid. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 4 (12), 399 - 458, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1932">Hastings, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, illustrated by Livingstone 1926, pl. 8 as
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDFF3C2273FF53FE11" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bryocryptellidae" genus="Porella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="areolata">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDFF3C2273FF53FE11" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Porella areolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] and also reported that a peristomial avicularium is found in several species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF406659FFCFFFEDFAEF22E9FB0CFE5D" ID-Table-UUID="DF406659FFCFFFEDFAEF22E9FB0CFE5D" box="[151,1190,482,506]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF406659FFCFFFEDFAEF22E9FB0CFE5D" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" targetBox="[151,1370,533,897]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="8B8036D1FFCFFFEDFAEF22E9FB0CFE5D" blockId="29.[151,1190,482,506]" box="[151,1190,482,506]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDFAEF22E9FEBDFE5D" bold="true" box="[151,279,482,506]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">TABLE 14.</emphasis>
Measurements (in mm) of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDF84222E9FC85FE5E" box="[570,815,482,505]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Cigclisula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="arborescens">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDF84222E9FC85FE5E" box="[570,815,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cigclisula arborescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928a) n. comb.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8036D1FFCFFFEDF815211EFAF3FC26" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<table id="F93FC471FFCF000FFAEF211EFAF0FC26" box="[151,1370,533,897]" gridcols="3" gridrows="9" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<tr id="350F3493FFCF000FFAEF211EFAF0FD8B" box="[151,1370,533,556]" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FF815211EFCE3FD8B" box="[621,841,533,556]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">n min–max</th>
<th id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FFE3F211EFAF0FD8B" box="[1095,1370,533,556]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">mean SD</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350F3493FFCF000FFAEF214BFAF0FDF0" box="[151,1370,576,599]" gridrow="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<th id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FFAEF214BFEC7FDF0" box="[151,365,576,599]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Autozooid length</th>
<td id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FF815214BFCE3FDF0" box="[621,841,576,599]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">20 0.618–0.716</td>
<td id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FFE3F214BFAF0FDF0" box="[1095,1370,576,599]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">0.664 0.034</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350F3493FFCF000FFAEF2161FAF0FD26" box="[151,1370,618,641]" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<th id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FFAEF2161FEC7FD26" box="[151,365,618,641]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Autozooid width</th>
<td id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FF8152161FCE3FD26" box="[621,841,618,641]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">20 0.395–0.543</td>
<td id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FFE3F2161FAF0FD26" box="[1095,1370,618,641]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">0.468 0.037</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350F3493FFCF000FFAEF219EFAF0FD0B" box="[151,1370,661,684]" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<th id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FFAEF219EFEC7FD0B" box="[151,365,661,684]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Orifice length</th>
<td id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FF815219EFCE3FD0B" box="[621,841,661,684]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">20 0.130–0.161</td>
<td id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FFE3F219EFAF0FD0B" box="[1095,1370,661,684]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">0.147 0.009</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350F3493FFCF000FFAEF21CBFAF0FD70" box="[151,1370,704,727]" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<th id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FFAEF21CBFEC7FD70" box="[151,365,704,727]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Orifice width</th>
<td id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FF81521CBFCE3FD70" box="[621,841,704,727]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">20 0.130–0.161</td>
<td id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FFE3F21CBFAF0FD70" box="[1095,1370,704,727]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">0.144 0.008</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350F3493FFCF000FFAEF21E1FAF0FCA6" box="[151,1370,746,769]" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<th id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FFAEF21E1FEC7FCA6" box="[151,365,746,769]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Avicularium length</th>
<td id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FF81521E1FCE3FCA6" box="[621,841,746,769]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">20 0.371–0.432</td>
<td id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FFE3F21E1FAF0FCA6" box="[1095,1370,746,769]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">0.391 0.029</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350F3493FFCF000FFAEF201EFAF0FC8B" box="[151,1370,789,812]" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<th id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FFAEF201EFEC7FC8B" box="[151,365,789,812]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Avicularium width</th>
<td id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FF815201EFCE3FC8B" box="[621,841,789,812]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">20 0.358–0.494</td>
<td id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FFE3F201EFAF0FC8B" box="[1095,1370,789,812]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">0.408 0.061</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350F3493FFCF000FFAEF204BFAF0FCF0" box="[151,1370,832,855]" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<th id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FFAEF204BFEC7FCF0" box="[151,365,832,855]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ovicell length</th>
<td id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FF815204BFCE3FCF0" box="[621,841,832,855]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">3 0.062–0.099</td>
<td id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FFE3F204BFAF0FCF0" box="[1095,1370,832,855]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">0.089 0.011</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350F3493FFCF000FFAEF2061FAF0FC26" box="[151,1370,874,897]" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<th id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FFAEF2061FEC7FC26" box="[151,365,874,897]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ovicell width</th>
<td id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FF8152061FCE3FC26" box="[621,841,874,897]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">3 0.049–0.086</td>
<td id="76DE5DEFFFCF000FFE3F2061FAF0FC26" box="[1095,1370,874,897]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">0.068 0.011</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036D1FFCFFFEDFABE20C9FCC2F9F0" blockId="29.[151,1436,962,2034]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Although Sir Sidney Harmer died in 1950, work on what would become his 1957 monograph was nearly completed and printing of the plates already underway much earlier. According to Anna Hastings who saw the volume through to completion (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDF86A2706FCA7FB80" author="Harmer" box="[530,781,1037,1063]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1957) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition. Part 4. Cheilostomata Ascophora. II. Siboga Expeditie, 28 d, xv 641 - 1147, pls 42 - 74." type="journal article" year="1957" yearSuffix="p">Harmer 1957, p. xiii</bibRefCitation>
), Harmer’s oversight of it was interrupted first by “the
<collectingCountry id="F3287641FFCFFFEDFAEF2739FF52FBEB" box="[151,248,1074,1100]" name="Germany" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">German</collectingCountry>
invasion of
<collectingCountry id="F3287641FFCFFFEDFBEA2739FE5DFBEB" box="[402,503,1074,1100]" name="Netherlands" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Holland</collectingCountry>
” (
<date id="FF811011FFCFFFEDF86B2739FD12FBEB" box="[531,696,1074,1100]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1940-05-10">10 May 1940</date>
) and then by Harmer’s failing health. This explains why the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDFA9A2753FD80FBD5" authority="Osburn, 1940" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1940" box="[226,554,1112,1138]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Trematooecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDFA9A2753FE2AFBD6" box="[226,384,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Trematooecia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDFBF02753FD80FBD5" author="Osburn" box="[392,554,1112,1138]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1940) Bryozoa of Porto Rico with a resume of the West Indian bryozoan fauna. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 6, 321 - 486." type="journal article" year="1940">Osburn, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, with
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDF8082753FC1DFBD5" authority="Smitt, 1873" authorityName="Smitt" authorityYear="1873" box="[624,951,1112,1138]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bryocryptellidae" genus="Lepralia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="turrita">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDF8082753FC82FBD6" box="[624,808,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Lepralia turrita</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDF9572753FC1DFBD5" author="Smitt" box="[815,951,1112,1138]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1873) Floridan Bryozoa, collected by Count L. F. de Pourtales. Part II. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps- Akademiens Handlingar, 11 (4), 1 - 83, pls 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1873">Smitt, 1873</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as
<typeStatus id="54848873FFCFFFEDF9A52753FBA5FBD5" box="[989,1039,1112,1138]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
species, was not mentioned in the volume.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDFA862776FE07FB30" author="Harmer" box="[254,429,1149,1175]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1957) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition. Part 4. Cheilostomata Ascophora. II. Siboga Expeditie, 28 d, xv 641 - 1147, pls 42 - 74." type="journal article" year="1957">Harmer (1957)</bibRefCitation>
included
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDF85B2776FD3AFB31" box="[547,656,1149,1174]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bryocryptellidae" genus="Lepralia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="turrita">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDF85B2776FD3AFB31" box="[547,656,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">L. turrita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDF8CE2776FC85FB31" box="[694,815,1149,1174]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Cigclisula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDF8CE2776FC85FB31" box="[694,815,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cigclisula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(cf. also
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDF9E62776FBECFB30" author="Winston" box="[926,1094,1149,1175]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Winston, J. E. (1982) Marine bryozoans (Ectoprocta) of the Indian River area (Florida). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 173, 99 - 176" type="journal article" year="1982">Winston 1982</bibRefCitation>
; d’Hondt &amp; Mascarell 2004) which is not surprising as the two genera overlap in zooidal, peristomial, and ovicellular characters.
<collectingCountry id="F3287641FFCFFFEDFF2327A9FAD6FB1B" box="[1371,1404,1186,1212]" name="American Samoa" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">As</collectingCountry>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDFAEF27C3FEDBFB46" box="[151,369,1224,1249]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Cigclisula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="occlusa">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDFAEF27C3FEDBFB46" box="[151,369,1224,1249]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cigclisula occlusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the ovicells have a distinctive porous area, but the pores are smaller and more numerous. Unlike
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDFA9727E6FEC1FAA1" box="[239,363,1261,1286]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Cigclisula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="occlusa">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDFA9727E6FEC1FAA1" box="[239,363,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. occlusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has an erect branching colony,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDF94427E6FC0CFAA1" box="[828,934,1261,1286]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bryocryptellidae" genus="Lepralia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="turrita">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDF94427E6FC0CFAA1" box="[828,934,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">T. turrita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has tiny spot-like colonies (unilamellar to multilamellar) that do not exceed more than a few millimetres in diameter. Additionally, orificial peristomes are surrounded by robust peristomial tubercles. The frontal shield has tiny pores, but it is not clear if these are pseudopores or derived from areolar septular pores. Because of these differences, especially that of colony morphology, species attributed to the two genera have been consistently placed in different families ―
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDFAEF26A3FEB9FA66" box="[151,275,1448,1473]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Cigclisula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDFAEF26A3FEB9FA66" box="[151,275,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cigclisula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDFB4326A3FD8EFA65" box="[315,548,1448,1474]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Stomachetosellidae</taxonomicName>
(e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDF81226A3FCDAFA65" author="Canu" box="[618,880,1448,1474]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1927) Classification of the cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, 69 (14), 1 - 42, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1927">Canu &amp; Bassler 1927</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDF90626A3FBB4FA65" author="Bassler" box="[894,1054,1448,1474]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Bassler, R. S. (1934) Notes on fossil and Recent Bryozoa. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 24, 404 - 408." type="journal article" year="1934">Bassler 1934</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDFE5326A3FBC0FA65" author="Bassler" box="[1067,1130,1448,1474]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Bassler, R. S. (1953) Bryozoa. In: Moore, R. C. (Ed.), Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Pt. G. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 1 - 253." type="book chapter" year="1953">1953</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDFE0F26A3FAB0FA65" author="Harmer" box="[1143,1306,1448,1474]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1957) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition. Part 4. Cheilostomata Ascophora. II. Siboga Expeditie, 28 d, xv 641 - 1147, pls 42 - 74." type="journal article" year="1957">Harmer 1957</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDFF5026A3FEE2FA40" author="Ryland" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Ryland, J. S. &amp; Hayward, P. J. (1992) Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 32, 223 - 301." type="journal article" year="1992">Ryland &amp; Hayward 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDFB2D26C6FDD5FA40" author="Hayward" box="[341,639,1485,1511]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Hayward, P. J. &amp; Ryland, J. S. (1995) Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. 2. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 38, 533 - 573." type="journal article" year="1995">Hayward &amp; Ryland 1995</bibRefCitation>
) or
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDF8C826C6FCECFA40" box="[688,838,1485,1511]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Celleporidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDF92E26C6FB2CFA40" author="Zabala" box="[854,1158,1485,1511]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Zabala, M. &amp; Maluquer, P. (1988) Illustrated keys for the classification of Mediterranean Bryozoa. Treballs del Museu de Zoologia, 4, 1 - 294." type="journal article" year="1988">Zabala &amp; Maluquer 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDFEEB26C6FF7CF9AB" author="Winston" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Winston, J. E. &amp; Woollacott, R. M. (2009) Scientific results of the Hassler Expedition. Bryozoa. No. 1. Barbados. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 159, 239 - 300." type="journal article" year="2009">Winston &amp; Woollacott 2009</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDFA9326F8FE21F9AB" box="[235,395,1523,1548]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Trematooecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDFA9326F8FE21F9AB" box="[235,395,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Trematooecia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDFBC926F9FDEDF9AB" box="[433,583,1522,1548]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Celleporidae</taxonomicName>
(e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDF8F326F9FC8DF9AB" author="Osburn" box="[651,807,1522,1548]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1940) Bryozoa of Porto Rico with a resume of the West Indian bryozoan fauna. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 6, 321 - 486." type="journal article" year="1940">Osburn 1940</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDF94C26F9FC7AF9AB" author="Bassler" box="[820,976,1522,1548]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Bassler, R. S. (1953) Bryozoa. In: Moore, R. C. (Ed.), Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Pt. G. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 1 - 253." type="book chapter" year="1953">Bassler 1953</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDF9A526F9FA87F9AB" author="Winston" box="[989,1325,1522,1548]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Winston, J. E. &amp; Hakansson, E. (1986) The interstitial bryozoan fauna from Capron Shoal, Florida. American Museum Novitates, 2869, 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1986">Winston &amp; Håkansson 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDFF4226F9FF79F995" author="Winston" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Winston, J. E (2005) Re-description and revision of Smitt's &quot; Floridan Bryozoa &quot; in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 7, ix 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="2005">Winston 2005</bibRefCitation>
[as
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDFB7E2513FE14F995" box="[262,446,1560,1586]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Celleporinidae</taxonomicName>
];
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDFBAA2513FC83F995" author="Winston" box="[466,809,1560,1586]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Winston, J. E. &amp; Woollacott, R. M. (2009) Scientific results of the Hassler Expedition. Bryozoa. No. 1. Barbados. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 159, 239 - 300." type="journal article" year="2009">Winston &amp; Woollacott 2009</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDF9462513FC5DF995" box="[830,1015,1560,1586]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporariidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Celleporariidae</taxonomicName>
(d’Hondt 1979;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDFEBA2513FF7FF9F0" author="Ristedt" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Ristedt, H. &amp; Hillmer, G. (1985) The cheilostomate bryozoan fauna from shallow waters of the Hilutangan Channel, Cebu, Philippines: Part I. The Philippine Scientist, 22, 133 - 143." type="journal article" year="1985">Ristedt &amp; Hillmer 1985</bibRefCitation>
), or
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDFB722536FE66F9F0" box="[266,460,1597,1623]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippoporidridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Hippoporidridae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDFBA22536FD2DF9F0" author="Tilbrook" box="[474,647,1597,1623]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Tilbrook, K. J. (2006) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Monographs, 4 (Studies in Biodiversity 3), 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDF8EB2536FCF6F9F0" author="Ayari" box="[659,860,1597,1623]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Ayari, R., Taylor, P. D., Afli, A. &amp; Aissa, P. (2008) A new species of the cheilostome bryozoan Trematooecia Osburn, 1940 from the Mediterranean Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 49, 261 - 267." type="journal article" year="2008">
Ayari
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDF8A32536FCA4F9F1" box="[731,782,1597,1622]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036D1FFCFFFEEFABE2569FDFCFD80" blockId="29.[151,1436,962,2034]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1437,152,551]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
The
<typeStatus id="54848873FFCFFFEDFB782569FE99F9DB" box="[256,307,1634,1660]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDFBBB2568FD28F9DB" box="[451,642,1635,1660]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Stomachetosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDFBBB2568FD28F9DB" box="[451,642,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Stomachetosella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an evenly pseudoporous lepralioid shield and an ovicellular skeletal surface that resembles the frontal shield. The
<typeStatus id="54848873FFCFFFEDF9762583FCEBF905" box="[782,833,1672,1698]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
and other genera of the family
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDFEC92583FA3DF905" box="[1201,1431,1672,1698]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Stomachetosellidae</taxonomicName>
, except
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDFA9325A6FECEF961" box="[235,356,1709,1734]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Cigclisula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDFA9325A6FECEF961" box="[235,356,1709,1734]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cigclisula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are appropriately placed in the Schizoporelloidea.
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDF9BD25A6FB97F961" box="[965,1085,1709,1734]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Cigclisula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDF9BD25A6FB97F961" box="[965,1085,1709,1734]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cigclisula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDFE0025A6FAB2F961" box="[1144,1304,1709,1734]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Trematooecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDFE0025A6FAB2F961" box="[1144,1304,1709,1734]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Trematooecia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are clearly very closely related and perhaps only a molecular study will clarify the inter-relationships of their respective species, but it is obvious from the taxonomic history of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDF94225F3FC74F8B6" box="[826,990,1784,1809]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Trematooecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDF94225F3FC74F8B6" box="[826,990,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Trematooecia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that this genus has been consistently included in families belonging to the superfamily Celleporoidea. We agree with this placement but would argue that the ovicellular and other characters of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDF8902448FC21F8FB" box="[744,907,1859,1884]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Trematooecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDF8902448FC21F8FB" box="[744,907,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Trematooecia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDF9BF2448FBE8F8FB" box="[967,1090,1859,1884]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Cigclisula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDF9BF2448FBE8F8FB" box="[967,1090,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cigclisula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mediate against inclusion in any of the celleporoidean families suggested by previous authors. Instead, we choose to ally these two genera with
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDFAAF2486FD99F800" authority="Winston, 2005" authorityName="Winston" authorityYear="2005" box="[215,563,1933,1959]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Colatooecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDFAAF2486FEC5F801" box="[215,367,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Colatooecia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDFB002486FD99F800" author="Winston" box="[376,563,1933,1959]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Winston, J. E (2005) Re-description and revision of Smitt's &quot; Floridan Bryozoa &quot; in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 7, ix 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="2005">Winston, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The
<typeStatus id="54848873FFCFFFEDF8002486FD04F800" box="[632,686,1933,1959]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCFFFEDF95A2486FB38F800" authority="Smitt, 1873" authorityName="Smitt" authorityYear="1873" box="[802,1170,1933,1959]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Porinidae" genus="Porina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="serrulata">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCFFFEDF95A2486FC5EF801" box="[802,1012,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Porina serrulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCFFFEDF9852486FB38F800" author="Smitt" box="[1021,1170,1933,1959]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1873) Floridan Bryozoa, collected by Count L. F. de Pourtales. Part II. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps- Akademiens Handlingar, 11 (4), 1 - 83, pls 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1873">Smitt, 1873</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, has erect, branching bilamellar colonies. Zooids have coarse frontal perforations that are not small like conventional pseudopores but appear to be areolar in origin [the interior of the frontal shield has not been examined so their exact nature is not certain], a peristomial spiramen, and the ovicell has a perforated frontal area that, while much more uniformly cribriform in structure than ovicells in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCCFFEEF8AC23B6FCE7FF71" box="[724,845,189,214]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Cigclisula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEF8AC23B6FCE7FF71" box="[724,845,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Cigclisula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCCFFEEF9FC23B6FB8EFF71" box="[900,1060,189,214]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Trematooecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEF9FC23B6FB8EFF71" box="[900,1060,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Trematooecia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, at least conforms to the “grating-like” ovicell remarked upon by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCCFFEEF8FA23E9FC36FF5B" author="Canu" box="[642,924,226,252]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1927) Classification of the cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, 69 (14), 1 - 42, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1927">Canu &amp; Bassler (1927)</bibRefCitation>
. Indeed, these authors actually included
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCCFFEEFFFE23E9FEA1FE86" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Porinidae" genus="Porina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="serrulata">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEFFFE23E9FEA1FE86" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. serrulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCCFFEEFB4E2203FE13FE86" box="[310,441,264,289]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Cigclisula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEFB4E2203FE13FE86" box="[310,441,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Cigclisula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCCFFEEFB852203FC89FE85" author="Canu" box="[509,803,264,290]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1928 b) Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico region. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, 72 (14), 1 - 199, 34 pls." type="journal article" year="1928" yearSuffix="b">Canu &amp; Bassler 1928b</bibRefCitation>
). Accordingly, we would expand the definition of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCCFFEEFAEF2226FEEDFEE0" box="[151,327,301,327]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Colatooeciidae</taxonomicName>
(superfamily Celleporoidea) to comprise
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCCFFEEF94B2226FC68FEE1" box="[819,962,301,326]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Colatooecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEF94B2226FC68FEE1" box="[819,962,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Colatooecia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCCFFEEF9A92226FBE3FEE1" box="[977,1097,301,326]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Cigclisula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEF9A92226FBE3FEE1" box="[977,1097,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Cigclisula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCCFFEEFEF32226FA80FEE1" box="[1163,1322,301,326]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Trematooecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEFEF32226FA80FEE1" box="[1163,1322,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Trematooecia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCCFFEEFF412226FF4CFECB" author="Winston" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Winston, J. E (2005) Re-description and revision of Smitt's &quot; Floridan Bryozoa &quot; in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 7, ix 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="2005">Winston (2005)</bibRefCitation>
also included the Early Miocene species
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCCFFEEF8A02259FB37FECB" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1919" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1919" box="[728,1181,338,364]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonidae" genus="Adeona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porosa">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEF8A02259FC26FECC" box="[728,908,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Adeona porosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCCFFEEF9ED2259FB37FECB" author="Canu" box="[917,1181,338,364]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1919) Fossil Bryozoa from the West Indies. Publications of the Carnegie Institution, 291, 75 - 102, 6 pls." type="journal article" year="1919">
Canu &amp; Bassler,
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</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCCFFEEFEBC2259FAFFFECC" box="[1220,1365,338,363]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Colatooecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEFEBC2259FAFFFECC" box="[1220,1365,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Colatooecia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; inter alia, the authors described the ovicell as having symmetrical “areolar pores”. Although a number of species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCCFFEEFAEF2296FEFBFE10" box="[151,337,413,439]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Colatooeciidae</taxonomicName>
, as here redefined, have porous frontal shields, it is clear that the Celleporoidea has to be expanded in concept to accommodate them. This has been demonstrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCCFFEEFE6D22C9FB66FE7B" author="Winston" box="[1045,1228,450,476]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Winston, J. E (2005) Re-description and revision of Smitt's &quot; Floridan Bryozoa &quot; in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 7, ix 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="2005">Winston (2005)</bibRefCitation>
for
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCCFFEEFE8622C9FA36FE7C" box="[1278,1436,450,475]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Pourtalesella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEFE8622C9FA36FE7C" box="[1278,1436,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pourtalesella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCCFFEEFA8822E3FDF0FDA5" author="Berning" box="[240,602,488,514]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Berning, B. &amp; Kuklinski, P. (2008) North-east Atlantic and Mediterranean species of the genus Buffonellaria (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata): implications for biodiversity and biogeography. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 152, 537 - 566." type="journal article" year="2008">Berning and Kuklinski (2008)</bibRefCitation>
for some species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCCFFEEF92C22E3FAACFDA5" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1917" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1917" box="[852,1286,488,514]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Buffonellaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEF92C22E3FC5EFDA6" box="[852,1012,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Buffonellaria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCCFFEEF98422E3FAACFDA5" author="Canu" box="[1020,1286,488,514]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1917) A synopsis of American Early Tertiary Cheilostome Bryozoa. United States National Museum Bulletin, 96, 1 - 87, 6 pls." type="journal article" year="1917">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1917</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(which may include
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCCFFEEFA8C2106FDE0FD80" authority="Winston, 2005" authorityName="Winston" authorityYear="2005" box="[244,586,525,551]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Pourtalesella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEFA8C2106FE38FD81" box="[244,402,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pourtalesella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCCFFEEFBE22106FDE0FD80" author="Winston" box="[410,586,525,551]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Winston, J. E (2005) Re-description and revision of Smitt's &quot; Floridan Bryozoa &quot; in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 7, ix 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="2005">Winston, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF406659FFCCFFEEFAEF2465FB69F848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276532/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" targetBox="[151,1436,595,1880]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="8B8036D1FFCCFFEEFAEF2465FB69F848" blockId="30.[151,1436,1902,2031]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEFAEF2465FEF5F821" bold="true" box="[151,351,1902,1926]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">FIGURES 67–72.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCCFFEEFB1E2465FDF4F822" box="[358,606,1902,1925]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Cigclisula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="arborescens">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEFB1E2465FDF4F822" box="[358,606,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Cigclisula arborescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928a)
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEF9002465FB8EF821" bold="true" box="[888,1060,1902,1926]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">n. comb. 67–69</emphasis>
, USNM 8565 (lectotype specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCCFFEEFACD249AFE7EF80F" box="[181,468,1937,1960]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="arborescens">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEFACD249AFE7EF80F" box="[181,468,1937,1960]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Rhynchozoon arborescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), off Bahia, Brazil.
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEF8CA249BFD67F80F" bold="true" box="[690,717,1936,1960]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">67</emphasis>
, Distal end of colony;
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEF9B4249BFC4DF80F" bold="true" box="[972,999,1936,1960]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">68</emphasis>
, close-up of ovicelled zooid with small
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCCFFEEFAEF24BFFEA2F86C" box="[151,264,1972,1995]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Candidae" genus="Amastigia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="avicularia">avicularia</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEFB6C24B8FE9AF86C" bold="true" box="[276,304,1971,1995]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">69</emphasis>
, close-up of orifice.
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEF86124B8FDF4F86C" bold="true" box="[537,606,1971,1995]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">70–72</emphasis>
, MZUSP 0 315 (part of specimen), off São Paulo, Brazil.
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEFE9A24B8FB54F86C" bold="true" box="[1250,1278,1971,1995]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">70</emphasis>
, Distal end of colony;
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEFA9524DCFEA2F848" bold="true" box="[237,264,2007,2031]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">71</emphasis>
, distal view of autozooids;
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCCFFEEF85724DCFDE0F848" bold="true" box="[559,586,2007,2031]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">72</emphasis>
, close-up of ovicelled autozooid with two small
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCCFFEEFE2A24D3FB15F848" box="[1106,1215,2008,2031]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Candidae" genus="Amastigia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="avicularia">avicularia</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8036D1FFCDFFEFFABE2393FACCFE85" blockId="31.[151,1436,152,364]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
The sole known species from Atlantic waters,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCDFFEFF96E2393FADCFF15" authority="Winston &amp; Woollacott, 2009" authorityName="Winston &amp; Woollacott" authorityYear="2009" box="[790,1398,152,178]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Cigclisula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="gemmea">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCDFFEFF96E2393FC55FF16" box="[790,1023,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Cigclisula gemmea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCDFFEFFE752393FADCFF15" author="Winston" box="[1037,1398,152,178]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Winston, J. E. &amp; Woollacott, R. M. (2009) Scientific results of the Hassler Expedition. Bryozoa. No. 1. Barbados. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 159, 239 - 300." type="journal article" year="2009">Winston &amp; Woollacott, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, is characterized by large interzooecial
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCDFFEFF82A23B6FD60FF70" box="[594,714,189,215]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Candidae" genus="Amastigia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="avicularia">avicularia</taxonomicName>
on the outer edges of branches, a hoof-shaped orifice with shallow poster, and ovicells with a shallow sinus. Brazilian
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCDFFEFF91C23E9FBDCFF5C" box="[868,1142,226,251]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Colatooeciidae" genus="Cigclisula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="arborescens">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCDFFEFF91C23E9FBDCFF5C" box="[868,1142,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Cigclisula arborescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in its subcircular orifice with deeper poster, a peristome with 4–7 rounded tubercles, and only 1–3 small frontal
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D52FFCDFFEFFE922203FACBFE85" box="[1258,1377,264,290]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Candidae" genus="Amastigia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="avicularia">avicularia</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325655AFFCDFFEFFABE2226FEC6FECB" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8036D1FFCDFFEFFABE2226FEC6FECB" blockId="31.[151,1436,152,364]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B94BEAC3FFCDFFEFFABE2226FECDFEE0" bold="true" box="[198,359,301,327]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3287641FFCDFFEFFB092226FE17FEE0" box="[369,445,301,327]" name="Brazil" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: off Bahia (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B20FFCDFFEFF8372226FCCDFEE0" author="Canu" box="[591,871,301,327]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1928 a) Bryozoaires du Bresil. Bulletin de la Societe des Seine-et-Oise, 9 (5), 58 - 100, 9 pls." type="journal article" year="1928" yearSuffix="a">Canu &amp; Bassler 1928a</bibRefCitation>
), Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states (present study),
<quantity id="4CC79B34FFCDFFEFFA972259FEC3FECB" box="[239,361,338,364]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" metricValueMax="13.5" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="92.0" valueMax="135.0" valueMin="49.0">
49–
<specimenCount id="9D39FD58FFCDFFEFFB652259FEC3FECB" box="[285,361,338,364]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="generic">135 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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