316 lines
42 KiB
XML
316 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="EB69C69745E44B3D4C05C20F50438C33" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5085.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5802920" ID-ZooBank="12FC3342-F2A0-4EE1-9853-9C5855076A10" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1640331575322" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Calder, Dale R. & Faucci, Anuschka" docDate="2021" docId="039687B70D2DE06B7DA02412664DF961" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5085.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5085 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Eudendrium merulum Watson 1985" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFAFFFCF0D24E0617D3727506411FFF0" masterDocTitle="Shallow water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the 2002 NOWRAMP cruise to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1699444236123" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="78B62D85FB195B55720AEF699D17DA11">Shallow water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the 2002 NOWRAMP cruise to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="059F826BAF0D45795CD31B163E930780" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="02D57DA4C70614F6BBFBCB282BF2D072">Calder, Dale R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D32FB3CDA6C9BD5044A9B97A07012B09">Faucci, Anuschka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D454C7E9C328B2AC6FFFB24D45B003BA" type="email">anuschka@hawaii.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="AB321C948F12F38577A4AEE4036E8DC4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F5650A9BC4FC4C4F0A0CD27B720036B8">
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<mods:date id="C448B831A82FEF6199500B45B27B9529">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8C2443271BE9E359C33AD15270EA7589">2021-12-24</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="4EFACDC85772BBD7D7C66F2DBAC691E0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="31F855B8A02C699129716DD4E2C7FB5A">5085</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="ABE67FA9CD36446AE82AFFC6D7C6E242" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5085.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4A0A765EF87628B071C642E7DFE0D85D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039687B70D2DE06B7DA02412664DF961" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5802958" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5802958" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687B70D2DE06B7DA02412664DF961" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687B70D2DE06B7DA02412664DF961" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="C325652A0D2DE0687DA024126647FCAC" box="[151,598,834,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2DE0687DA024126647FCAC" blockId="9.[151,598,834,897]" box="[151,598,834,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="D0C881CD0D2DE0687DA024126647FCAC" bold="true" box="[151,598,834,861]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2DE0687DA024126647FCAC" ID-CoL="6GV3J" authority="Watson, 1985" authorityName="Watson" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,598,834,861]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="merulum">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2DE0687DA024126647FCAC" bold="true" box="[151,598,834,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2DE0687DA0241265B6FCAD" bold="true" box="[151,423,834,861]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Eudendrium merulum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2DE0687C9924136647FCAC" author="Watson, J. E." box="[430,598,834,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="179 - 221" refId="ref70882" refString="Watson, J. E. (1985) The genus Eudendrium (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 97, 179 - 221." type="journal article" year="1985">Watson, 1985</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C325652A0D2DE0687DA02437650EFC71" box="[151,287,871,897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2DE0687DA02437650EFC71" blockId="9.[151,598,834,897]" box="[151,287,871,897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<figureCitation id="13042A240D2DE0687DA024376517FC71" box="[151,262,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,683,1641]" captionTargetId="figure-294@7.[151,1436,669,1650]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pennariidae, Oceaniidae, Eudendriidae, and Phialellidae. a, Pennaria disticha Goldfuss, 1820, hydranth with a medusa bud and part of pedicel, Pearl & Hermes Atoll, ROMIZ B5404. Scale equals 0.2 mm. b, Turritopsis sp., hydrocaulus with two hydranths, Midway Atoll, ROMIZ B5490. Scale equals 0.2 mm. c, Eudendrium merulum Watson, 1985, hydranth and part of pedicel, Nihoa, ROMIZ B5405. Scale equals 0.1 mm. d, Eudendrium merulum Watson, 1985, hydrocaulus and proximal ends of three branches, Nihoa, ROMIZ B5405. Scale equals 0.2 mm. e, Eudendrium merulum Watson, 1985, female gonophores, Nihoa Island, ROMIZ B5405. Scale equals 0.1 mm. f. Phialellidae (undetermined), three hydrothecae, Gardner Pinnacles, ROMIZ B5406. Scales equal 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5802924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5802924/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 2c–e</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13042A240D2DE0687C262437650EFC71" box="[273,287,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,829,853]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,381,806]" captionTargetId="figure-107@10.[152,1436,381,806]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Eudendriidae. Eudendrium merulum Watson, 1985, nematocysts, material from Nihoa, ROMIZ B5405. a, microbasic eurytele, small, undischarged. b, microbasic eurytele, large, undischarged. c, microbasic eurytele, large, discharged." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5802926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5802926/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C325652A0D2DE0687DA024FB66A8FC33" box="[151,697,939,963]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2DE0687DA024FB66A8FC33" blockId="9.[151,697,939,963]" box="[151,697,939,963]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2F118F0D2DE0687DA024FB66A8FC33" box="[151,697,939,963]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D2DE0687DA024FB662AFC33" author="Watson, J. E." box="[151,571,939,963]" page="200" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1985">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2DE0687DA024FB662AFC33" ID-CoL="6GV3J" authority="Watson, 1985: 200" authorityName="Watson" authorityPageNumber="200" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,571,939,963]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="merulum">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2DE0687DA024FB6564FC33" box="[151,373,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Eudendrium merulum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2DE0687C4C24FC662AFC33" author="Watson, J. E." box="[379,571,939,963]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="179 - 221" refId="ref70882" refString="Watson, J. E. (1985) The genus Eudendrium (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 97, 179 - 221." type="journal article" year="1985">Watson, 1985: 200</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, figs 53–58.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C325652A0D2DE0687DA024A16131FAF8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2DE0687DA024A16649FBC0" blockId="9.[151,1436,1009,1072]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<materialsCitation id="3B573CFC0D2DE0687DA024A16645FBC0" country="Australia" elevation="6" latitude="-38.75" location="Blackbird" longLatPrecision="1173" longitude="146.71666" municipality="Bass Strait" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Victoria" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2DE0687DA024A16528FBFB" bold="true" box="[151,313,1009,1035]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<typeStatus id="548488030D2DE0687DA024A164C3FBFB" box="[151,210,1009,1035]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F32876310D2DE0687C7424A165BFFBFB" box="[323,430,1009,1035]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Australia</collectingCountry>
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:
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||
<collectingRegion id="49FBF8430D2DE0687C8C24A16609FBFB" box="[443,536,1009,1035]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Victoria</collectingRegion>
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,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE4ACDB0D2DE0687F1124A266B7FBFB" box="[550,678,1009,1036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bass Strait</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<locationDeviation id="9A322F830D2DE0687F8324A167EDFBFB" box="[692,1020,1009,1036]" location="Clonmel Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<quantity id="4CC79B440D2DE0687F8324A16714FBFB" box="[692,773,1009,1036]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="0.5">0.5 km</quantity>
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S of Clonmel Island
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</locationDeviation>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0B50660D2DE068793C24A1607BFBFC" box="[1035,1130,1009,1036]" degrees="38" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="-38.75">38°45’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0B50660D2DE068794F24A160F6FBFB" box="[1144,1255,1009,1035]" degrees="146" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="146.71666">146°43’E</geoCoordinate>
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, from wreck of streamer
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2DE0687DC82345657DFBDF" box="[255,364,1045,1071]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<location id="8EE0607A0D2DE0687DC82345657DFBDF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687B70D2DE06B7DA02412664DF961:8EE0607A0D2DE0687DC82345657DFBDF" box="[255,364,1045,1071]" country="Australia" latitude="-38.75" longLatPrecision="1173" longitude="146.71666" municipality="Bass Strait" name="Blackbird" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Victoria">Blackbird</location>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<quantity id="4CC79B440D2DE0687C4D234565B4FBC0" box="[378,421,1045,1072]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="6.0">
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<elevation id="0012D1920D2DE0687C4D234565B4FBC0" box="[378,421,1045,1072]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2DE0687C842345665AFBC0" author="Watson, J. E." box="[435,587,1045,1072]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="179 - 221" refId="ref70882" refString="Watson, J. E. (1985) The genus Eudendrium (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 97, 179 - 221." type="journal article" year="1985">Watson 1985</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2DE0687DA0230D6049FB30" blockId="9.[151,1437,1117,2008]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2DE0687DA0230D657FFB87" bold="true" box="[151,366,1117,1143]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Voucher material.</emphasis>
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Nihoa,
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<date id="FF8110610D2DE0687CF0230D6628FB87" box="[455,569,1117,1143]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2002-10-06">06.x.2002</date>
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, three branched colonies or colony fragments, to
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<quantity id="4CC79B440D2DE0687956230D60B3FB88" box="[1121,1186,1117,1144]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
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high, one with female gonophores, coll. A. Faucci,
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<collectionCode id="ED2EAE640D2DE0687CEC23D16624FB6B" box="[475,565,1153,1179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
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||
B5405.
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||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2DE0687FB823D266B9FB6B" box="[655,680,1154,1179]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">—</emphasis>
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Kure Atoll, on algae and calcareous rubble,
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<date id="FF8110610D2DE06879AF23D16103FB6C" box="[1176,1298,1153,1180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2002-09-25">25.ix.2002</date>
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||
, two mostly stolonal colonies, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D2DE0687C4823F565D1FB30" box="[383,448,1189,1216]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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high, without gonophores, coll. A. Faucci,
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<collectionCode id="ED2EAE640D2DE0687E9223F567EEFB4F" box="[933,1023,1189,1215]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
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||
B5476.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2DE0687DF023996131FAF8" blockId="9.[151,1437,1117,2008]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2DE0687DF02399652AFB13" bold="true" box="[199,315,1225,1251]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cnidome.</emphasis>
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Microbasic euryteles, small (
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<figureCitation id="13042A240D2DE0687FB1239966C6FB13" box="[646,727,1225,1251]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,829,853]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,381,806]" captionTargetId="figure-107@10.[152,1436,381,806]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Eudendriidae. Eudendrium merulum Watson, 1985, nematocysts, material from Nihoa, ROMIZ B5405. a, microbasic eurytele, small, undischarged. b, microbasic eurytele, large, undischarged. c, microbasic eurytele, large, discharged." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5802926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5802926/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
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), (n=10): 6.4–7.0 µm long × 2.4–2.7 µm wide (undischarged) Microbasic euryteles, large (
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<figureCitation id="13042A240D2DE0687CE123BD6653FAF8" box="[470,578,1261,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,829,853]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,381,806]" captionTargetId="figure-107@10.[152,1436,381,806]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Eudendriidae. Eudendrium merulum Watson, 1985, nematocysts, material from Nihoa, ROMIZ B5405. a, microbasic eurytele, small, undischarged. b, microbasic eurytele, large, undischarged. c, microbasic eurytele, large, discharged." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5802926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5802926/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3b, c</figureCitation>
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), (n=6): 19.0–20.8 µm long × 10.0–11.3 µm wide (undischarged)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C325652A0D2DE06B7DF02241664DF961" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2DE0687DF022416001FA10" blockId="9.[151,1437,1117,2008]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2DE0687DF02241652AFADB" bold="true" box="[199,315,1297,1323]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Approximately 80 species are currently recognized worldwide in the genus
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2DE06879A7224164C3FABF" authority="Ehrenberg, 1834" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1834" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2DE06879A72241610BFADB" box="[1168,1306,1297,1323]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Eudendrium</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2DE0687816224164C3FABF" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="225 - 380" refId="ref56063" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1834) Beitrage zur physiologischen Kenntniss der Corallenthiere im allgemeinen, und besonders des rothen Meeres, nebst einem Versuche zur physiologischen Systematik derselben. Abhandlung der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, 1, 225 - 380." type="journal article" year="1834">Ehrenberg, 1834</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Hydroids of the group are easily distinguished in having monopodial growth, perisarc reaching to a groove at the base of relatively large, naked, urn-shaped hydranths, a typically flared or knob-shaped hypostome, and solid, filiform tentacles arranged more or less in a single whorl. Their gonophores are also distinctive, arising in a whorl around bases of the hydranths. Those of the male usually comprise a linear series of oval to nearly round chambers, while those of the female initially possess a spadix curving over a single ovum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2DE0687DF022B964E1F99F" blockId="9.[151,1437,1117,2008]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
While hydroids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2DE0687CA122B96631F9F3" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1834" box="[406,544,1513,1539]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2DE0687CA122B96631F9F3" box="[406,544,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Eudendrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinctive, identification of species assigned to the genus can be particularly troublesome. Within the last few decades, the nematocyst complement and morphology of the gonophores, particularly those of the female, have been emphasized as characters of particular value in the morphological distinction of species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2DE0687DF0212A64CAF8D3" blockId="9.[151,1437,1117,2008]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
In terms of the cnidome, all known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2DE0687FE52129674DF963" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1834" box="[722,860,1657,1683]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2DE0687FE52129674DF963" box="[722,860,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Eudendrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have small microbasic euryteles. Most, but not all, of the others also have additional “complementary nematocysts”. While these often comprise nematocysts of an entirely different category, they may simply be microbasic euryteles of a noticeably larger size. The locations of the complementary nematocysts, and the shapes that aggregations of them sometimes create, are also of taxonomic value.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2DE0687DF0207D6054F843" blockId="9.[151,1437,1117,2008]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Complementary nematocysts in hydroids examined here consisted solely of large microbasic euryteles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A240D2DE0687858207D64C1F89B" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,829,853]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,381,806]" captionTargetId="figure-107@10.[152,1436,381,806]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Eudendriidae. Eudendrium merulum Watson, 1985, nematocysts, material from Nihoa, ROMIZ B5405. a, microbasic eurytele, small, undischarged. b, microbasic eurytele, large, undischarged. c, microbasic eurytele, large, discharged." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5802926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5802926/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3a–c</figureCitation>
|
||
). On hydranths, these were scattered around the base above the perisarc groove and around the rim of the hypostome. In this overall character, they align with some 20 of the known species of the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2DE068799A20256181F860" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1197,1424,1909,1936]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref52751" refString="Calder, D. R. (2017) Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Bay of Fundy, northeastern North America, with a checklist of species reported from the region. Zootaxa, 4256 (1), 1 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4256.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Calder 2017: 34–36</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and they conform with a so-called “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2DE0687F1F20C967F9F844" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[552,1000,1945,1972]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2DE0687F1F20C96733F843" box="[552,802,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Eudendrium ramosum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2DE0687E0620C967F1F844" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[817,992,1945,1972]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref62101" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 823 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2DE06B7DF020ED6582FE95" blockId="9.[151,1437,1117,2008]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Colonies from the present collection were small (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D2DE0687E0B20ED676FF828" box="[828,894,1981,2008]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
high) and stolonal to alternately branched. One of the specimens nevertheless had female gonophores, indicative of a species having small colonies. Developing female gonophores, with unbranched spadices, were observed on a nearly atrophied hydranth. Fully mature gonophores were present on a blastostyle, lacking tentacles and with expanded and wrinkled pedicel perisarc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A240D2EE06B780B278F619EFF09" box="[1340,1423,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,683,1641]" captionTargetId="figure-294@7.[151,1436,669,1650]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pennariidae, Oceaniidae, Eudendriidae, and Phialellidae. a, Pennaria disticha Goldfuss, 1820, hydranth with a medusa bud and part of pedicel, Pearl & Hermes Atoll, ROMIZ B5404. Scale equals 0.2 mm. b, Turritopsis sp., hydrocaulus with two hydranths, Midway Atoll, ROMIZ B5490. Scale equals 0.2 mm. c, Eudendrium merulum Watson, 1985, hydranth and part of pedicel, Nihoa, ROMIZ B5405. Scale equals 0.1 mm. d, Eudendrium merulum Watson, 1985, hydrocaulus and proximal ends of three branches, Nihoa, ROMIZ B5405. Scale equals 0.2 mm. e, Eudendrium merulum Watson, 1985, female gonophores, Nihoa Island, ROMIZ B5405. Scale equals 0.1 mm. f. Phialellidae (undetermined), three hydrothecae, Gardner Pinnacles, ROMIZ B5406. Scales equal 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5802924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5802924/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2e</figureCitation>
|
||
). The perisarc of the hydrocaulus and branches was smooth, except for a few annulations basally and with occasional irregular ones elsewhere. Although hydranths were mostly in poor condition, the best ones bore a single whorl of about 20–23 tentacles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4066290D2EE06B7DA0246D6196FC89" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5802926" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5802926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5802926/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[151,250,829,853]" targetBox="[152,1436,381,806]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2EE06B7DA0246D6196FC89" blockId="10.[151,1436,829,890]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2EE06B7DA0246D6757FCA5" bold="true" box="[151,838,829,854]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
FIGURE 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2EE06B7C2C246D65A0FCA5" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[283,433,829,853]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Eudendriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2EE06B7C8B246D6750FCA5" authority="Watson, 1985" authorityName="Watson" authorityYear="1985" box="[444,833,829,854]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="merulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2EE06B7C8B246D66B6FCA5" bold="true" box="[444,679,829,853]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Eudendrium merulum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2EE06B7F99246E6750FCA5" author="Watson, J. E." box="[686,833,829,854]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="179 - 221" refId="ref70882" refString="Watson, J. E. (1985) The genus Eudendrium (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 97, 179 - 221." type="journal article" year="1985">Watson, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
nematocysts, material from Nihoa, ROMIZ B5405.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2EE06B7868246E6163FCA6" bold="true" box="[1375,1394,830,854]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">a,</emphasis>
|
||
microbasic eurytele, small, undischarged.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2EE06B7F102432662AFC8A" bold="true" box="[551,571,866,890]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">b,</emphasis>
|
||
microbasic eurytele, large, undischarged.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2EE06B7EDF243267EBFC8A" bold="true" box="[1000,1018,866,890]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">c,</emphasis>
|
||
microbasic eurytele, large, discharged.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2EE06B7DF024F8612BFABE" blockId="10.[151,1437,936,1574]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
The characters of these hydroids, together with the presence of large euryteles as complementary nematocysts, most closely resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2EE06B7CAC249C66D7FC16" authority="Watson, 1985" authorityName="Watson" authorityYear="1985" box="[411,710,971,998]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="merulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2EE06B7CAC249C6631FC16" box="[411,544,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. merulum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2EE06B7F1F249C66D7FC16" author="Watson, J. E." box="[552,710,971,998]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="179 - 221" refId="ref70882" refString="Watson, J. E. (1985) The genus Eudendrium (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 97, 179 - 221." type="journal article" year="1985">Watson, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. While the trophosomes also resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2EE06B79D0249C6570FBFA" authority="von Lendenfeld, 1885" authorityName="von Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1885" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="generale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2EE06B79D0249C617BFC16" box="[1255,1386,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. generale</emphasis>
|
||
von
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2EE06B7DA024A06570FBFA" author="Lendenfeld, R. von" box="[151,353,1007,1034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="401 - 420" refId="ref61892" refString="Lendenfeld, R. von (1885) The Australian hydromedusae. Part III. Plates VII and VIII. The 1 st subordo Hydropolypinae. The Blastopolypidae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 9, 401 - 420." type="journal article" year="1885">Lendenfeld, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female gonophores occur on atrophied rather than fully developed hydranths, as in that species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2EE06B7DA923446529FBDE" author="Watson, J. E." box="[158,312,1043,1070]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="179 - 221" refId="ref70882" refString="Watson, J. E. (1985) The genus Eudendrium (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 97, 179 - 221." type="journal article" year="1985">Watson 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, complementary euryteles tend to be larger and their shafts are spinier in material examined here. Also similar in morphology are hydroids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2EE06B7E1D236860E9FBA2" authority="Hargitt, 1927" authorityName="Hargitt" authorityYear="1927" box="[810,1272,1080,1106]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="pusillum" variety="amoyicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2EE06B7E1D236867BAFBA2" box="[810,939,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. pusillum</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2EE06B7ED123686048FBA1" box="[998,1113,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">amoyicum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2EE06B7956236860E9FBA2" author="Hargitt, C. W." box="[1121,1272,1080,1106]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="491 - 520" refId="ref59183" refString="Hargitt, C. W. (1927) Some hydroids of south China. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 67, 491 - 520." type="journal article" year="1927">Hargitt, 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2EE06B782D2368651BFB85" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="generale" subSpecies="amoyicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2EE06B782D2368651BFB85" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. generale amoyicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2EE06B7C62230C66B1FB86" authority="Watson, 1985" authorityName="Watson" authorityYear="1985" box="[341,672,1115,1142]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kirkpatricki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2EE06B7C62230C65EBFB86" box="[341,506,1116,1142]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. kirkpatricki</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2EE06B7F35230C66B1FB86" author="Watson, J. E." box="[514,672,1115,1142]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="179 - 221" refId="ref70882" refString="Watson, J. E. (1985) The genus Eudendrium (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 97, 179 - 221." type="journal article" year="1985">Watson, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Colonies of the first of these species appear to be more profusely branched (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2EE06B7C3923D06599FB6A" author="Ling, S. - W." box="[270,392,1152,1178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref62063" refString="Ling, S. - W. (1938) Studies on Chinese Hydrozoa, Π. Report on some common hydroids from the East Saddle Island. Lingnan Science Journal, 17, 175 - 184." type="journal article" year="1938">Ling 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2EE06B7CA223D0665BFB6A" author="Xu, Z. - Z. & Huang, J. - Q. & Lin, M. & Guo, D. - H. & Wang, C. - G." box="[405,586,1152,1178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 456" refId="ref71529" refString="Xu, Z. - Z., Huang, J. - Q., Lin, M., Guo, D. - H. & Wang, C. - G. (2014 a) The superclass Hydrozoa of the phylum Cnidaria in China. Vol. I. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 1 - 456. [in Chinese]" type="book chapter" year="2014">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2EE06B7CF723D065E3FB6A" box="[448,498,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while complementary nematocysts of the second are larger and possess a longer, less spiny shaft (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2EE06B7C9123F4662EFB4E" author="Watson, J. E." box="[422,575,1187,1214]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="179 - 221" refId="ref70882" refString="Watson, J. E. (1985) The genus Eudendrium (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 97, 179 - 221." type="journal article" year="1985">Watson 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hydroids from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D2EE06B7E3723F46736FB4E" box="[768,807,1188,1214]" name="Fiji" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
having a similar colony form were identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2EE06B787C23F46510FB12" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2EE06B787C23F464CBFB12" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Eudendrium</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2EE06B7C1B23986645FB12" author="Gibbons, M. J. & Ryland, J. S." box="[300,596,1224,1250]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="377 - 432" refId="ref57779" refString="Gibbons, M. J. & Ryland, J. S. (1989) Intertidal and shallow water hydroids from Fiji. I. Athecata to Sertulariidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 27, 377 - 432." type="journal article" year="1989">Gibbons & Ryland (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Finally, stolonal colonies of this hydroid resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2EE06B79AD23986189FB12" authority="Fraser, 1938 a" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1938" box="[1178,1432,1224,1250]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="breve">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2EE06B79AD239860E7FB12" box="[1178,1270,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. breve</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2EE06B79C92398619AFB12" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[1278,1419,1224,1250]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref56646" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1938) Hydroids of the 1934 Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 4 (1), 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1938">Fraser, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
a
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the complementary microbasic euryteles were much larger than even the largest of those reported in that species (13.0–14.6 × 5.8–6.8 µm) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2EE06B7CF022406684FADA" author="Calder, D. R. & Carlton, J. T. & Keith, I. & Larson, K. & McCann, L. & Geller, J. & Wheelock, M. & Choong, H. H. C. & Ruiz, G. M." box="[455,661,1296,1322]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="208 - 252" refId="ref52972" refString="Calder, D. R., Carlton, J. T., Keith, I., Larson, K., McCann, L., Geller, J., Wheelock, M., Choong, H. H. C. & Ruiz, G. M. (2021) Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of marine fouling communities on the mainland of Ecuador and in the Galapagos Islands. Aquatic Invasions, 16, 208 - 252. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2021.16.2.02" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Calder
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2EE06B7F2D2240665AFADA" box="[538,587,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). While specimens from this collection have been assigned here to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2EE06B78B322406555FABE" authority=", DNA" authorityName="DNA" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="merulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2EE06B78B3224064EAFABE" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. merulum</emphasis>
|
||
, DNA
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
analyses are needed to sort out the taxonomy of this and related species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2EE06B794E2264613EFABE" author="Schuchert, P." box="[1145,1327,1332,1358]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="677 - 757" refId="ref68311" refString="Schuchert, P. (2008) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 115, 677 - 757. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80453" type="journal article" year="2008">Schuchert 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2EE06B7DF022086795FA4A" blockId="10.[151,1437,936,1574]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Hydroids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2EE06B7C64220865C4FA82" box="[339,469,1368,1394]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="merulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2EE06B7C64220865C4FA82" box="[339,469,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. merulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be restricted to the Pacific Ocean.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2EE06B7EBC2208605DFA82" author="Schuchert, P." box="[907,1100,1368,1394]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="677 - 757" refId="ref68311" refString="Schuchert, P. (2008) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 115, 677 - 757. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80453" type="journal article" year="2008">Schuchert (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that hydroids identified as this species from the eastern Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and Black Sea all represented distinct genetic lineages, and that they likely differ from the Australian population.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2EE06B7DF02294677AFA2E" blockId="10.[151,1437,936,1574]" box="[199,875,1475,1502]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2EE06B7DF0229465C9FA2D" bold="true" box="[199,472,1475,1502]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Reported Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Hawaiian archipelago. First record.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2EE06B7DF022B867FFF9D6" blockId="10.[151,1437,936,1574]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Elsewhere.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D2EE06B7C7F22B865BEF9F2" box="[328,431,1512,1538]" name="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2EE06B7C8B22B86642F9F2" author="Watson, J. E." box="[444,595,1511,1538]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="179 - 221" refId="ref70882" refString="Watson, J. E. (1985) The genus Eudendrium (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 97, 179 - 221." type="journal article" year="1985">Watson 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D2EE06B7F5122B866A5F9F2" box="[614,692,1512,1538]" name="Yemen" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Marques
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2EE06B7E1C22B8674DF9F2" box="[811,860,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2000). As noted above, records of the species from the eastern Atlantic and adjacent seas are likely erroneous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2EE06B7E1B215C67F3F9D6" author="Schuchert, P." box="[812,994,1548,1574]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="677 - 757" refId="ref68311" refString="Schuchert, P. (2008) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 115, 677 - 757. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80453" type="journal article" year="2008">Schuchert 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2EE06B7DA02127664DF961" blockId="10.[151,604,1655,1682]" box="[151,604,1655,1682]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2EE06B7DA02127664DF961" bold="true" box="[151,604,1655,1682]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FBF8430D2EE06B7DA0212764F4F961" box="[151,229,1655,1681]" country="American Samoa" name="order" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Order</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2EE06B7DDB2128664DF961" authority="Cornelius, 1992" authorityName="Cornelius" authorityYear="1992" box="[236,604,1655,1682]" class="Hydrozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="order">
|
||
Leptothecata
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2EE06B7CAF2127664DF961" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[408,604,1655,1681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="245 - 261" refId="ref54885" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1992) Medusa loss in leptolid Hydrozoa (Cnidaria), hydroid rafting, and abbreviated life-cycles among their remote-island faunae: an interim review. Scientia Marina, 56, 245 - 261." type="journal article" year="1992">Cornelius, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |