671 lines
90 KiB
XML
671 lines
90 KiB
XML
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<paragraph id="C5578E3B0F299E3BFF2FFB716E174BD7" blockId="13.[151,1081,1194,1257]" box="[151,1081,1231,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">Kusuminda, B. Srinivasulu, Amarasinghe, A. Srinivasulu, C. Srinivasulu, and Yapa</paragraph>
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(
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)
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<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F299E3BFF2FFA8C68314A74" ID-CoL="3M373" authority="Blanford, 1888" authorityName="Blanford" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,543,1330,1354]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeritus">
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<emphasis id="F79C52290F299E3BFF2FFA8C6B514A74" box="[151,383,1330,1354]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">Hipposideros galeritus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="F79C52290F299E3BFF2FFAEE6BB84A56" box="[151,406,1360,1384]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">Hipposideros brachyotus</emphasis>
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Wroughton, 1913
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<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F299E3BFF2FFAD168494AB9" authority="Tate, 1941" authorityName="Tate" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,615,1391,1415]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="galeritus" subSpecies="brachyotus">
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<emphasis id="F79C52290F299E3BFF2FFAD16BD94AB9" box="[151,503,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">Hipposideros galeritus brachyotus</emphasis>
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|
||
<subSubSection id="8DF2DDB00F299E3BFF2FFA0B6B0C49BA" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="C5578E3B0F299E3BFF2FFA0B69654ACD" blockId="13.[151,1436,1461,1884]" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="758084660F299E3BFF2FFA0B69654ACD" collectingDate="2018-05-06" collectingDateMax="2023-08-01" collectingDateMin="2018-05-06" collectionCode="NMSL" collectorName="Tharaka Kusuminda & Sahan Siriwardana" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F299E3BFF2FFA0B6B234AF1" bold="true" box="[151,269,1461,1487]" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<typeStatus id="1A5330990F299E3BFF2FFA0B6B264AF1" box="[151,264,1461,1487]" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="A3F916FE0F299E3BFEAEFA0B6B4B4AF1" box="[278,357,1461,1487]" country="Sri Lanka" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9670-f832" name="National Museum of Sri Lanka" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">NMSL</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="B156A8FB0F299E3BFEDDFA0B6BCA4AF1" box="[357,484,1461,1487]" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" value="2023-08-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="A11251130F299E3BFEDDFA0B6BCA4AF1" box="[357,484,1461,1487]" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" value="2023-08-01">2023.08.01</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
NH, adult male preserved in alcohol with the skull removed and clean, collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="681DEBED0F299E3BFF2FFA676B554ACD" box="[151,379,1497,1523]" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">Tharaka Kusuminda</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="681DEBED0F299E3BFE09FA6768AA4ACD" box="[433,644,1497,1523]" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">Sahan Siriwardana</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="B156A8FB0F299E3BFD16FA6769664ACD" box="[686,840,1497,1524]" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" value="2018-05-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="A11251130F299E3BFD16FA6769664ACD" box="[686,840,1497,1524]" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" value="2018-05-06">06 May 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5578E3B0F299E3BFF7FFA436E5C4929" blockId="13.[151,1436,1461,1884]" box="[199,1138,1533,1560]" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F299E3BFF7FFA436B474929" bold="true" box="[199,361,1533,1559]" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">Type locality:</emphasis>
|
||
Makulella (Bandarawela), Badulla district,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="072C40D90F299E3BFCEDFA4069DF4929" box="[853,1009,1533,1560]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Uva" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">Uva Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BDFFCEAB0F299E3BFC45FA436E404929" box="[1021,1134,1533,1559]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5578E3B0F299E3BFF7FF99F6B0C49BA" blockId="13.[151,1436,1461,1884]" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F299E3BFF7FF99F6BAD4905" bold="true" box="[199,387,1569,1595]" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">Other material:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="758084660F299E3BFE32F99F682B4902" box="[394,517,1569,1596]" collectionCode="ZSI" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" specimenCode="ZSI 20553" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="954E26400F299E3BFE32F99F682B4902" box="[394,517,1569,1596]" collectionCode="ZSI" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">ZSI 20553</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="758084660F299E3BFDA8F99F68A44902" box="[528,650,1569,1596]" collectionCode="ZSI" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" specimenCode="ZSI 20554" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="954E26400F299E3BFDA8F99F68A44902" box="[528,650,1569,1596]" collectionCode="ZSI" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">ZSI 20554</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="758084660F299E3BFD2DF99F693E4902" box="[661,784,1569,1596]" collectionCode="ZSI" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" specimenCode="ZSI 20555" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="954E26400F299E3BFD2DF99F693E4902" box="[661,784,1569,1596]" collectionCode="ZSI" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">ZSI 20555</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="758084660F299E3BFCA2F99F69BB4902" box="[794,917,1569,1596]" collectionCode="ZSI" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" specimenCode="ZSI 20556" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="954E26400F299E3BFCA2F99F69BB4902" box="[794,917,1569,1596]" collectionCode="ZSI" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">ZSI 20556</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="758084660F299E3BFC18F99F6E024905" box="[928,1068,1569,1595]" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" specimenCode="BNHS 3687" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="954E26400F299E3BFC18F99F6E024905" box="[928,1068,1569,1595]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">BNHS 3687</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="758084660F299E3BFB80F99C6EF24905" box="[1080,1244,1569,1596]" collectionCode="HZM" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" specimenCode="HZM 9.28779" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="954E26400F299E3BFB80F99C6EF24905" box="[1080,1244,1569,1596]" collectionCode="HZM" country="Croatia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/wyia-rmhq" name="Museum of Natural History (Hrvatski Zooloski Muzej)" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">HZM 9.28779</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="758084660F299E3BFB5EF99C6FB64905" box="[1254,1432,1569,1596]" collectionCode="HZM" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" specimenCode="HZM 10.28780" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="954E26400F299E3BFB5EF99C6FB64905" box="[1254,1432,1569,1596]" collectionCode="HZM" country="Croatia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/wyia-rmhq" name="Museum of Natural History (Hrvatski Zooloski Muzej)" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">HZM 10.28780</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="758084660F299E3BFF2FF9F86B67495E" box="[151,329,1605,1632]" collectionCode="HZM" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" specimenCode="HZM 12.30955" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="954E26400F299E3BFF2FF9F86B67495E" box="[151,329,1605,1632]" collectionCode="HZM" country="Croatia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/wyia-rmhq" name="Museum of Natural History (Hrvatski Zooloski Muzej)" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">HZM 12.30955</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="758084660F299E3BFEECF9F868284961" box="[340,518,1605,1632]" collectionCode="HZM" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" specimenCode="HZM 13.31080" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="954E26400F299E3BFEECF9F868284961" box="[340,518,1605,1632]" collectionCode="HZM" country="Croatia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/wyia-rmhq" name="Museum of Natural History (Hrvatski Zooloski Muzej)" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">HZM 13.31080</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="758084660F299E3BFDA9F9F868EC495E" box="[529,706,1605,1632]" collectionCode="HZM" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" specimenCode="HZM 15.40112" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="954E26400F299E3BFDA9F9F868EC495E" box="[529,706,1605,1632]" collectionCode="HZM" country="Croatia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/wyia-rmhq" name="Museum of Natural History (Hrvatski Zooloski Muzej)" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">HZM 15.40112</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="758084660F299E3BFD75F9FB6B0C49BA" collectionCode="NMSL" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" specimenCode="NMSL 15" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="954E26400F299E3BFD75F9FB6913495E" box="[717,829,1605,1632]" collectionCode="NMSL" country="Sri Lanka" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9670-f832" name="National Museum of Sri Lanka" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">NMSL 15</specimenCode>
|
||
A,
|
||
<specimenCode id="954E26400F299E3BFCE7F9FB69E0495E" box="[863,974,1605,1632]" collectionCode="NMSL" country="Sri Lanka" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9670-f832" name="National Museum of Sri Lanka" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">NMSL 15</specimenCode>
|
||
O,
|
||
<specimenCode id="954E26400F299E3BFC49F9FB6E4E495E" box="[1009,1120,1605,1632]" collectionCode="NMSL" country="Sri Lanka" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9670-f832" name="National Museum of Sri Lanka" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">NMSL 15</specimenCode>
|
||
L,
|
||
<specimenCode id="954E26400F299E3BFBC7F9FB6EC1495E" box="[1151,1263,1605,1632]" collectionCode="NMSL" country="Sri Lanka" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9670-f832" name="National Museum of Sri Lanka" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">NMSL 15</specimenCode>
|
||
H,
|
||
<specimenCode id="954E26400F299E3BFAA9F9FB6FAF495E" box="[1297,1409,1605,1632]" collectionCode="NMSL" country="Sri Lanka" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9670-f832" name="National Museum of Sri Lanka" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">NMSL 15</specimenCode>
|
||
K,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A3F916FE0F299E3BFF2FF9D76ACA49BD" box="[151,228,1641,1667]" country="Sri Lanka" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9670-f832" name="National Museum of Sri Lanka" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">NMSL</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCount id="D3EE45B20F299E3BFF53F9D76B0C49BA" box="[235,290,1641,1668]" count="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" type="generic">15N.</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8DF2DDB00F299E26FF7FF93368934C9B" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="523" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="C5578E3B0F299E3BFF7FF93369D54865" blockId="13.[151,1436,1461,1884]" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F299E3BFF7FF9336B6A4999" bold="true" box="[199,324,1677,1703]" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Medium-sized bat with forearm length ranging between
|
||
<quantity id="021023DE0F299E3BFBB1F9336EE84996" box="[1033,1222,1677,1704]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9085" metricValueMax="5.31" metricValueMin="4.507" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" unit="mm" value="49.085" valueMax="53.1" valueMin="45.07">45.07–53.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Ears tall, broad, with moderately developed antitragus. Tragus absent. Noseleaf broad, covering the whole muzzle; two pairs of supplementary leaflets. Posterior leaf with three septa clearly dividing it into four cells. Skull narrow, long, condylocanine length 15.66 ±
|
||
<quantity id="021023DE0F299E3BFE4BF9476872482A" box="[499,604,1785,1812]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" unit="mm" value="0.45">0.45 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Maxillary toothrow (CM
|
||
<superScript id="329D23730F299E3BFC3CF94769A24839" attach="right" box="[900,908,1785,1799]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">3</superScript>
|
||
) 6.05 ±
|
||
<quantity id="021023DE0F299E3BFC49F9476E77482A" box="[1009,1113,1785,1812]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="520" unit="mm" value="0.11">0.11 mm</quantity>
|
||
. First upper premolar (PM
|
||
<superScript id="329D23730F299E3BFA33F9476FBD4839" attach="left" box="[1419,1427,1785,1799]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">2</superScript>
|
||
) small but within toothrow. First lower premolar (PM
|
||
<subScript id="596C8C7E0F299E3BFD6EF88E68F04800" attach="left" box="[726,734,1840,1854]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">2</subScript>
|
||
) half the height of PM
|
||
<subScript id="596C8C7E0F299E3BFC6CF88E69F24800" attach="left" box="[980,988,1840,1854]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="520">4</subScript>
|
||
, one-third the height of canine. Baculum small, base and apex trilobed with straight parallel-sided shaft in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="9197DEB30F2A9E38FF20F9CD6BFC49ED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953503" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14953503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953503/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="521" startId="14.[152,255,1651,1675]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1627]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="C5578E3B0F2A9E38FF20F9CD6BFC49ED" blockId="14.[151,1436,1651,1747]" pageId="14" pageNumber="521">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F2A9E38FF20F9CD6B3649B5" bold="true" box="[152,280,1651,1675]" pageId="14" pageNumber="521">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
External features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F2A9E38FE55F9CD692C49B5" authorityName="Srinivasulu & Kusuminda & Srinivasulu & Ukuwela & Amarasinghe & Siriwardana & Kaur & Mannakkara & Soisook & Kamalakannan & Yapa & Srinivasulu" authorityYear="2025" box="[493,770,1651,1675]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="521" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="srilankaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F2A9E38FE55F9CD692C49B5" box="[493,770,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="521">Hipposideros srilankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F2A9E38FCB0F9CD697649B5" bold="true" box="[776,856,1651,1675]" pageId="14" pageNumber="521">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ECAFEF520F2A9E38FCB0F9CD697649B5" box="[776,856,1651,1675]" pageId="14" pageNumber="521" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Specimen not collected) [A—view of the head showing facial features; B—Noseleaf structure; C—Shape of the ear; D—Lateral view of the penis; E—Hindfoot showing attachment of patagium and uropatagium].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5578E3B0F2A9E39FF7FF89B69884D03" blockId="14.[151,1437,1829,2036]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="522" pageId="14" pageNumber="521">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F2A9E38FF7FF89B689E4801" bold="true" box="[199,688,1829,1855]" pageId="14" pageNumber="521">
|
||
External characters (based on
|
||
<typeStatus id="1A5330990F2A9E38FD8FF89B688D4801" box="[567,675,1829,1855]" pageId="14" pageNumber="521" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A medium-sized hipposiderid with a forearm length of
|
||
<quantity id="021023DE0F2A9E38FA9BF89B6FB7487E" box="[1315,1433,1829,1856]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.999" pageId="14" pageNumber="521" unit="mm" value="49.99">49.99 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Ear moderately tall (
|
||
<quantity id="021023DE0F2A9E38FEC7F8F76BDA485D" box="[383,500,1865,1892]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.657" pageId="14" pageNumber="521" unit="mm" value="16.57">16.57 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and broad, ending with a pointed tip; antitragus is moderately developed, roughly rectangular, one-third the height of the pinna; tragus absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DD392BE0F2A9E38FCF9F8D369F448B9" box="[833,986,1901,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-22@14.[151,1436,181,1627]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. External features of Hipposideros srilankaensis sp. nov. (Specimen not collected) [A—view of the head showing facial features; B—Noseleaf structure; C—Shape of the ear; D—Lateral view of the penis; E—Hindfoot showing attachment of patagium and uropatagium]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953503/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="521">Figure 8A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The outer border of the pinna narrows gradually to a narrowly rounded tip, with slight concavity just before the tip of the pinna. The outer border with nine transverse sparsely-haired ridges, inner border of pinna hairy. The noseleaf is broad covering the whole of the muzzle; anterior leaf is as broad as the posterior leaf; two pairs of supplementary leaflets are seen immediately beneath the anterior leaf; first pair of supplementary leaflets are longer than the second, almost touching near the median margin of the anterior leaf; second pair of supplementary leaflets three-quarter the length of first pair (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DD392BE0F2B9E39FAE9FF056A954FC7" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-22@14.[151,1436,181,1627]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. External features of Hipposideros srilankaensis sp. nov. (Specimen not collected) [A—view of the head showing facial features; B—Noseleaf structure; C—Shape of the ear; D—Lateral view of the penis; E—Hindfoot showing attachment of patagium and uropatagium]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953503/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="522">Figure 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anterior leaf, supplementary leaflets, and the posterior leaf are greyish black. The internarial septum is greyish black, parallel-sided, long, tapers to a point, touching the intermediate leaf, and lower than the margin of nares (unlike in other hipposiderids wherein the internarial septum is slightly raised from the rest of the noseleaf). Nares are long and transverse; narial lappets are well developed, and located on the sides of nares. The intermediate leaf is heart-shaped with a concave median superior border; and is slightly smaller than the anterior leaf. The posterior leaf has a slight median projection at the same position as the concavity in the intermediate leaf. Three septa divide the posterior leaf into four distinct cells. The wing is attached to the base of the toe, and the interfemoral membrane is attached to the ankle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DD392BE0F2B9E39FD93FE6568AD4ECB" box="[555,643,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-22@14.[151,1436,181,1627]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. External features of Hipposideros srilankaensis sp. nov. (Specimen not collected) [A—view of the head showing facial features; B—Noseleaf structure; C—Shape of the ear; D—Lateral view of the penis; E—Hindfoot showing attachment of patagium and uropatagium]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953503/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="522">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fourth metacarpal longest, while the fifth metacarpal is the shortest. The first and the second phalanges are 40.50% and 48.86% of the third metacarpal respectively. The shaft of the penis is straight, cylindrical, and tapering towards the tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DD392BE0F2B9E39FC9AFD9D69B44D03" box="[802,922,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-22@14.[151,1436,181,1627]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. External features of Hipposideros srilankaensis sp. nov. (Specimen not collected) [A—view of the head showing facial features; B—Noseleaf structure; C—Shape of the ear; D—Lateral view of the penis; E—Hindfoot showing attachment of patagium and uropatagium]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953503/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="522">Figure 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="9197DEB30F2B9E39FF20F8B56EBD4852" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953505" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14953505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953505/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="522" startId="15.[152,255,1803,1827]" targetBox="[151,1436,597,1780]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="C5578E3B0F2B9E39FF20F8B56EBD4852" blockId="15.[151,1437,1803,1900]" pageId="15" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F2B9E39FF20F8B56B34481A" bold="true" box="[152,282,1803,1828]" pageId="15" pageNumber="522">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Skull and mandible of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F2B9E39FDABF8B26907481A" authorityName="Srinivasulu & Kusuminda & Srinivasulu & Ukuwela & Amarasinghe & Siriwardana & Kaur & Mannakkara & Soisook & Kamalakannan & Yapa & Srinivasulu" authorityYear="2025" box="[531,809,1804,1828]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="srilankaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F2B9E39FDABF8B26907481A" box="[531,809,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="522">Hipposideros srilankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F2B9E39FC8AF8B269AA481A" bold="true" box="[818,900,1804,1828]" pageId="15" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ECAFEF520F2B9E39FC8AF8B269AA481A" box="[818,900,1804,1828]" pageId="15" pageNumber="522" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Holotype, NMSL2023.08.01NH, male, Makulella, Bandarawela, Uva Province, Sri Lanka) Scale: 5mm. [A—lateral view of skull; B—dorsal view of skull; C—lateral view of mandible; D—dorsal view of mandible; E—frontal view of skull; and F—frontal view of mandible].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5578E3B0F349E26FF7FFF286BE44DBB" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FF7FFF286BDB4F8F" bold="true" box="[199,501,150,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Craniodental characters:</emphasis>
|
||
The skull is narrow and delicate (GTL:
|
||
<quantity id="021023DE0F349E26FC03FF296E1F4F8F" box="[955,1073,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.918" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="19.18">19.18 mm</quantity>
|
||
). The sagittal crest is visible but not pronounced, extending up to the parietal region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DD392BE0F349E26FD63FF05697F4FEB" box="[731,849,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-232@15.[151,1436,597,1780]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Skull and mandible of Hipposideros srilankaensis sp. nov. (Holotype, NMSL2023.08.01NH, male, Makulella, Bandarawela, Uva Province, Sri Lanka) Scale: 5mm. [A—lateral view of skull; B—dorsal view of skull; C—lateral view of mandible; D—dorsal view of mandible; E—frontal view of skull; and F—frontal view of mandible]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953505/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Figure 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The interorbital region is broad. Rostrum is bulged, with three well-developed nasal inflations; the bottommost one is the largest, and the median one the smallest, and round; kidney-shaped nasal inflations are located on either side of the rostrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DD392BE0F349E26FBBDFEBD6E544E23" box="[1029,1146,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-232@15.[151,1436,597,1780]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Skull and mandible of Hipposideros srilankaensis sp. nov. (Holotype, NMSL2023.08.01NH, male, Makulella, Bandarawela, Uva Province, Sri Lanka) Scale: 5mm. [A—lateral view of skull; B—dorsal view of skull; C—lateral view of mandible; D—dorsal view of mandible; E—frontal view of skull; and F—frontal view of mandible]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953505/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Figure 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The zygoma are delicate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DD392BE0F349E26FF27FE996B3B4E7F" box="[159,277,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-232@15.[151,1436,597,1780]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Skull and mandible of Hipposideros srilankaensis sp. nov. (Holotype, NMSL2023.08.01NH, male, Makulella, Bandarawela, Uva Province, Sri Lanka) Scale: 5mm. [A—lateral view of skull; B—dorsal view of skull; C—lateral view of mandible; D—dorsal view of mandible; E—frontal view of skull; and F—frontal view of mandible]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953505/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Figure 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Upper incisors are simple, small, and bicuspid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DD392BE0F349E26FC8DFE9969874E7F" box="[821,937,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-232@15.[151,1436,597,1780]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Skull and mandible of Hipposideros srilankaensis sp. nov. (Holotype, NMSL2023.08.01NH, male, Makulella, Bandarawela, Uva Province, Sri Lanka) Scale: 5mm. [A—lateral view of skull; B—dorsal view of skull; C—lateral view of mandible; D—dorsal view of mandible; E—frontal view of skull; and F—frontal view of mandible]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953505/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Figure 9E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Canines are delicate and tall; the first upper premolar (PM
|
||
<superScript id="329D23730F349E26FE8DFEF46B134E66" attach="right" box="[309,317,330,344]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">2</superScript>
|
||
) is small, within the toothrow, located between the second upper premolar (PM
|
||
<superScript id="329D23730F349E26FB0BFEF46E954E66" attach="left" box="[1203,1211,330,344]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">4</superScript>
|
||
) and canine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DD392BE0F349E26FAE9FEF56A934EB7" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-232@15.[151,1436,597,1780]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Skull and mandible of Hipposideros srilankaensis sp. nov. (Holotype, NMSL2023.08.01NH, male, Makulella, Bandarawela, Uva Province, Sri Lanka) Scale: 5mm. [A—lateral view of skull; B—dorsal view of skull; C—lateral view of mandible; D—dorsal view of mandible; E—frontal view of skull; and F—frontal view of mandible]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953505/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Figure 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The parastyle of the first and second upper molars (M
|
||
<superScript id="329D23730F349E26FC99FED069074E42" attach="left" box="[801,809,366,380]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">1</superScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<superScript id="329D23730F349E26FCCFFED069514E42" attach="left" box="[887,895,366,380]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">2</superScript>
|
||
) is well developed; the metacone of M
|
||
<superScript id="329D23730F349E26FA96FED06F184E42" attach="left" box="[1326,1334,366,380]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">1</superScript>
|
||
is longer than the paracone; the paracone of M
|
||
<superScript id="329D23730F349E26FD8DFE2C68134E9E" attach="left" box="[565,573,402,416]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">2</superScript>
|
||
is slightly longer than the metacone. The hypoconal flange is well-developed in M
|
||
<superScript id="329D23730F349E26FF77FE086AF94EFA" attach="left" box="[207,215,438,452]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">1</superScript>
|
||
, both toward PM
|
||
<superScript id="329D23730F349E26FE1AFE086B844EFA" attach="left" box="[418,426,438,452]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">4</superScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<superScript id="329D23730F349E26FE46FE0868284EFA" attach="left" box="[510,518,438,452]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">2</superScript>
|
||
, which is why the hypoconal flange of M
|
||
<superScript id="329D23730F349E26FC54FE0869DA4EFA" attach="left" box="[1004,1012,438,452]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">2</superScript>
|
||
is in contact with the mesostyle; the commissures are thick. Metastyle of protocone of all three molars well-developed. The metacone and paracone of M
|
||
<superScript id="329D23730F349E26FF08FE406A964D32" attach="left" box="[176,184,510,524]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">3</superScript>
|
||
are well developed but lack metastyle and hypoconal flange. The canine of the lower toothrow is narrow and tall. The first and second lower premolars (PM
|
||
<subScript id="596C8C7E0F349E26FDCCFD8B68524D7D" attach="left" box="[628,636,565,579]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">2</subScript>
|
||
and PM
|
||
<subScript id="596C8C7E0F349E26FD64FD8B68CA4D7D" attach="left" box="[732,740,565,579]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">4</subScript>
|
||
) are in contact (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DD392BE0F349E26FC24FD9D6E3D4D03" box="[924,1043,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-232@15.[151,1436,597,1780]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Skull and mandible of Hipposideros srilankaensis sp. nov. (Holotype, NMSL2023.08.01NH, male, Makulella, Bandarawela, Uva Province, Sri Lanka) Scale: 5mm. [A—lateral view of skull; B—dorsal view of skull; C—lateral view of mandible; D—dorsal view of mandible; E—frontal view of skull; and F—frontal view of mandible]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953505/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Figure 9C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The second premolar is one-third the height of the canine, and half the height of the fourth premolar. Two pairs of tricuspidate lower incisors present in a single line (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DD392BE0F349E26FEF2FDD56B934DBB" box="[330,445,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-232@15.[151,1436,597,1780]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Skull and mandible of Hipposideros srilankaensis sp. nov. (Holotype, NMSL2023.08.01NH, male, Makulella, Bandarawela, Uva Province, Sri Lanka) Scale: 5mm. [A—lateral view of skull; B—dorsal view of skull; C—lateral view of mandible; D—dorsal view of mandible; E—frontal view of skull; and F—frontal view of mandible]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953505/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Figure 9F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5578E3B0F349E26FF7FFD3169794C2B" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FF7FFD316B4B4D97" bold="true" box="[199,357,655,681]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Pelage color:</emphasis>
|
||
Fur dark brown to fawn on the dorsal surface. Around the muzzle, the fur is darker, colored similar to the dorsal surface. On the head, hairs have pale bases with fawn tips. The area under the face is similarly colored as the head, while belly hairs are off-white. Wing and interfemoral membranes are dark, hairless with the fur of the body not extending onto the interfemoral membrane.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5578E3B0F349E26FF7FFCA16B334CBF" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FF7FFCA16B9E4C07" bold="true" box="[199,432,799,825]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Baculum structure:</emphasis>
|
||
The baculum is small (
|
||
<quantity id="021023DE0F349E26FD08FCA069394C07" box="[688,791,798,825]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="0.85">0.85 mm</quantity>
|
||
, N= 1), with a parallel-sided shaft. The proximal end has a median rounded portion with two projections on either side, and the distal end has two prongs with space in between (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DD392BE0F349E26FF27FCD96B3E4CBF" box="[159,272,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[152,255,782,806]" captionTargetBox="[160,1435,182,751]" captionTargetId="figure-22@8.[152,1436,181,758]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Baculum (dorsal view) of A—H. brachyotus (NHMOU.CHI.7.2014), B—H. srilankaensis sp. nov. (NMSL2023.08.01NH), and C—H. galeritus (PSUZC-MM2005.66). Scale: 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953493" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953493/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Figure 4b</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5578E3B0F349E26FF7FFC3468934C9B" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1293]" box="[199,701,906,933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FF7FFC346BA94C9B" bold="true" box="[199,391,906,933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Common name:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="072C40D90F349E26FE36FC356B814C9B" box="[398,431,907,933]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Sri</collectingRegion>
|
||
Lankan Leaf-nosed Bat
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8DF2DDB00F349E26FF7FFC1168364B0B" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C5578E3B0F349E26FF7FFC1168364B0B" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FF7FFC116B014CF7" bold="true" box="[199,303,943,969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Ecology:</emphasis>
|
||
This species has been recorded to roost in small colonies comprising a male, a few females and young, in small caves, old houses, churches, beneath overhanging rocks, and among boulders (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A179F3CA0F349E26FBCCFC6D6F204CD3" author="Phillips, W. W. A." box="[1140,1294,979,1005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" pagination="154 - 156" refId="ref14837" refString="Phillips, W. W. A. (1923) Further notes on some Ceylon bats. Journal Bombay Natural History Society, 29, 154-156." type="journal article" year="1923">Phillips 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A179F3CA0F349E26FAA3FC6D6B314B2F" author="Kusuminda, T. & Mannakkara, A. & Gamage, R. & Patterson, B. D. & Yapa, W. B." pageId="16" pageNumber="523" pagination="134 - 143" refId="ref14060" refString="Kusuminda, T., Mannakkara, A., Gamage, R., Patterson, B. D. & Yapa, W. B. (2022 a). Roosting ecology of insectivorous bats in a tropical agricultural landscape. Mammalia, 86 (2), 134-143. https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2021-0056" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Kusuminda
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FF2FFC496AE64B2F" box="[151,200,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has been known to frequent open areas for foraging and is found from the low country to elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="021023DE0F349E26FF0EFBA56B2A4B0B" box="[182,260,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.067" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" unit="m" value="1067.0">1067m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="021023DE0F349E26FEAAFBA46B464B0B" box="[274,360,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0668" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" unit="ft" value="3500.0">3500 ft</quantity>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A179F3CA0F349E26FECBFBA568254B0B" author="Phillips, W. W. A." box="[371,523,1051,1077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" pagination="154 - 156" refId="ref14837" refString="Phillips, W. W. A. (1923) Further notes on some Ceylon bats. Journal Bombay Natural History Society, 29, 154-156." type="journal article" year="1923">Phillips 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8DF2DDB00F349E27FF7FFB806F784B2F" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="524" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="C5578E3B0F349E26FF7FFB806E834A33" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FF7FFB806B4D4B66" bold="true" box="[199,355,1086,1112]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="072C40D90F349E26FF7FFB806B704B66" box="[199,350,1086,1112]" name="Distribution" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Distribution</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This species is endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BDFFCEAB0F349E26FD1CFB8169394B67" box="[676,791,1087,1113]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and has been recorded from
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FBD5FB816FB24B66" bold="true" box="[1133,1436,1086,1113]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="072C40D90F349E26FBD5FB816FB64B66" box="[1133,1432,1086,1113]" country="Sri Lanka" name="North Western" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">North Western Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Kala Oya, Puttalam, Wilpattu National Park and Kurunegala.
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FCE5FBDC6E1A4B42" bold="true" box="[861,1076,1122,1148]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="072C40D90F349E26FCE5FBDC6E1E4B42" box="[861,1072,1122,1148]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Central Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Gammaduwa, Kumbalgamuwa and Ginigathhena.
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FECFFB3968774B9E" bold="true" box="[375,601,1158,1185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="072C40D90F349E26FECFFB39687B4B9E" box="[375,597,1158,1185]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Western Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Bulathsinghala, Anasigalla, Kalutara, Labugama and Pilikuttuwa.
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FAD4FB396B244BFA" bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="072C40D90F349E26FAD4FB396B2B4BFA" country="Sri Lanka" name="Uva" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Uva Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Makulella (Bandarawela), Walhaputenna and Passara.
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FC3DFB156E5F4BFA" bold="true" box="[901,1137,1194,1221]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="072C40D90F349E26FC3DFB156E434BFA" box="[901,1133,1194,1221]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Northern" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Northern Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Mannar.
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FB5AFB146B244BD6" bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="072C40D90F349E26FB5AFB146B2B4BD6" country="Sri Lanka" name="Sabaragamuwa" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Sabaragamuwa Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Balangoda, Kitulgala, Kegalle, Deraniyagala and Wavulpane.
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FC7DFB706E824BD6" bold="true" box="[965,1196,1230,1256]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="072C40D90F349E26FC7DFB706E864BD6" box="[965,1192,1230,1256]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Southern" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Southern Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pitabeddera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A179F3CA0F349E26FAFDFB716AFC4A33" author="Phillips, W. W. A." pageId="16" pageNumber="523" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref14867" refString="Phillips, W. W. A. (1980) Manual of the mammals of Sri Lanka. Part I. Wildlife and Nature Protection Society of Sri Lanka, 1980, 1-116." type="journal article" year="1980">Phillips 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A179F3CA0F349E26FF66FB4D6BCA4A33" author="Bates, P. J. J. & Harrison, D. L." box="[222,484,1267,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" refId="ref11558" refString="Bates, P. J. J. & Harrison, D. L. (1997) The Bats of the Indian Subcontinent. Harrison Zoological Museum Publications, Sevenoaks, 258 pp." type="book" year="1997">Bates & Harrison 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A179F3CA0F349E26FE57FB4D68474A33" author="Yapa, W. B." box="[495,617,1267,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" refId="ref16314" refString="Yapa, W. B. (2017) A field guide to the bats of Sri Lanka. Dilmah Ceylon Tea Company PLC, Colombo, 142 pp." type="book" year="2017">Yapa 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A179F3CA0F349E26FDCDFB4D69AD4A33" author="Kusuminda, T. & Mannakkara, A. & Gamage, R. & Patterson, B. D. & Yapa, W. B." box="[629,899,1267,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" pagination="134 - 143" refId="ref14060" refString="Kusuminda, T., Mannakkara, A., Gamage, R., Patterson, B. D. & Yapa, W. B. (2022 a). Roosting ecology of insectivorous bats in a tropical agricultural landscape. Mammalia, 86 (2), 134-143. https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2021-0056" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Kusuminda
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FD45FB4D69004A33" box="[765,814,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Present study) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DD392BE0F349E26FB85FB4D6EB24A33" box="[1085,1180,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,921,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-331@1.[151,1436,921,1836]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution range of H. galeritus sensu lato depicting the range of H. brachyotus (in light blue) and the type locality (blue circle), the range of H. srilankaensis sp. nov. (in light red) and the type locality (red circle), and the range of H. galeritus (grey) and the type locality (black circle)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953485" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953485/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="9197DEB30F349E26FF20F9C368A649E3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953507" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14953507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953507/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" startId="16.[152,255,1661,1685]" targetBox="[151,1435,1317,1638]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="C5578E3B0F349E26FF20F9C368A649E3" blockId="16.[151,1437,1661,1757]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FF20F9C36B0A49AB" bold="true" box="[152,292,1661,1685]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Frontal profile depicting the characteristic noseleaf and distinct internarial septum in A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F349E26FB26F9C36FB349AB" authorityName="Wroughton" authorityYear="1913" box="[1182,1437,1661,1685]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FB26F9C36FB349AB" box="[1182,1437,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Hipposideros brachyotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NHMOU.CHI.35.2014), B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F349E26FE04F91C684F4987" authorityName="Srinivasulu & Kusuminda & Srinivasulu & Ukuwela & Amarasinghe & Siriwardana & Kaur & Mannakkara & Soisook & Kamalakannan & Yapa & Srinivasulu" authorityYear="2025" box="[444,609,1697,1721]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="srilankaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FE04F91C684F4987" box="[444,609,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">H. srilankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FDDFF91C68994984" bold="true" box="[615,695,1698,1722]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ECAFEF520F349E26FDDFF91C68994984" box="[615,695,1698,1722]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(specimen not collected), C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F349E26FC58F91C6E764987" authorityName="Blanford" authorityYear="1888" box="[992,1112,1697,1721]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FC58F91C6E764987" box="[992,1112,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">H. galeritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from S Thailand (PS200128.4), and D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F349E26FF59F9786BAC49E3" authority="NE" authorityName="NE" box="[225,386,1733,1757]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FF59F9786B7449E3" box="[225,346,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">H. galeritus</emphasis>
|
||
NE
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Thailand (PS1905005.1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5578E3B0F349E27FF7FF8916F784B2F" blockId="16.[151,1437,1839,2010]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,1041]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="524" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FF7FF8916B414877" bold="true" box="[199,367,1839,1865]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Comparisons:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A179F3CA0F349E26FECBF88E68204877" author="Cantor, T." box="[371,526,1839,1866]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" pagination="171 - 203" refId="ref12176" refString="Cantor, T. (1846) Catalogue of Mammalia inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 15 (171), 171-203." type="journal article" year="1846">Cantor (1846)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the noseleaf to be large in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F349E26FC20F88E6E324874" box="[920,1052,1840,1866]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FC20F88E6E324874" box="[920,1052,1840,1866]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">H. galeritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the transverse leaf (=posterior leaf) being as broad as the anterior leaf and almost in contact with the ears.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A179F3CA0F349E26FC58F8EA6EAC4850" author="Dobson, G. E." box="[992,1154,1876,1902]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" pagination="237 - 238" refId="ref12559" refString="Dobson, G. E. (1874) Descriptions of new species of Chiroptera from India and Yunnan. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 63, Pt. 2 (4), 237-238." type="journal article" year="1874">Dobson (1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A179F3CA0F349E26FB35F8ED6EE74853" author="Dobson, G. E." box="[1165,1225,1875,1901]" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" refId="ref12600" refString="Dobson, G. E. (1876) Monograph of the Asiatic Chiroptera and catalogue of the species of bats in the collection of the Indian Museum Calcutta. Printed by Order of the Trustees of the Indian Museum, London, 228 pp." type="book" year="1876">1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in his description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F349E26FF01F8C66B9248AC" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1874" box="[185,444,1912,1938]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Phyllorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyota">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FF01F8C66B9248AC" box="[185,444,1912,1938]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">Phyllorhina brachyota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F349E26FE67F8C668AF48AC" authorityName="Wroughton" authorityYear="1913" box="[479,641,1912,1938]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FE67F8C668AF48AC" box="[479,641,1912,1938]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">H. brachyotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) mentioned that the transverse leaf is rectangular, with the superior margin being less convex, and with a concave front portion with three prominent vertical ridges. In fresh specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F349E26FF0FF87E6B7948E4" authorityName="Wroughton" authorityYear="1913" box="[183,343,1984,2010]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="523" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F349E26FF0FF87E6B7948E4" box="[183,343,1984,2010]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="523">H. brachyotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the posterior leaf is rectangular, divided into three ridges but does not show any concavity. The intermediate leaf shows a slight concavity and a slight projection in the median area and does not exceed the width of the anterior leaf (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DD392BE0F359E27FEC6FF0568284FEB" box="[382,518,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1661,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1317,1638]" captionTargetId="figure-548@16.[151,1435,1317,1638]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Frontal profile depicting the characteristic noseleaf and distinct internarial septum in A. Hipposideros brachyotus (NHMOU.CHI.35.2014), B. H. srilankaensis sp. nov. (specimen not collected), C. H. galeritus from S Thailand (PS200128.4), and D. H. galeritus NE Thailand (PS1905005.1)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953507/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">Figure 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The noseleaf of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FD6EFF0569A14FEB" authorityName="Srinivasulu & Kusuminda & Srinivasulu & Ukuwela & Amarasinghe & Siriwardana & Kaur & Mannakkara & Soisook & Kamalakannan & Yapa & Srinivasulu" authorityYear="2025" box="[726,911,187,213]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="srilankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FD6EFF0569A14FEB" box="[726,911,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. srilankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is broad and large, covering the whole of the muzzle and is almost in contact with the broad ears. The posterior leaf shows a well-developed medial projection while being divided by three ridges, while the intermediate leaf shows a pronounced “V” shaped concavity in the median region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DD392BE0F359E27FEF1FE996BE04E7F" box="[329,462,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1661,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1317,1638]" captionTargetId="figure-548@16.[151,1435,1317,1638]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Frontal profile depicting the characteristic noseleaf and distinct internarial septum in A. Hipposideros brachyotus (NHMOU.CHI.35.2014), B. H. srilankaensis sp. nov. (specimen not collected), C. H. galeritus from S Thailand (PS200128.4), and D. H. galeritus NE Thailand (PS1905005.1)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953507/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">Figure 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The frontal pore was mentioned to be small and indistinct by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A179F3CA0F359E27FB27FE996F654E7F" author="Dobson, G. E." box="[1183,1355,295,321]" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" pagination="237 - 238" refId="ref12559" refString="Dobson, G. E. (1874) Descriptions of new species of Chiroptera from India and Yunnan. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 63, Pt. 2 (4), 237-238." type="journal article" year="1874">Dobson (1874)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which is so in fresh specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FE72FEF568474E5B" authorityName="Wroughton" authorityYear="1913" box="[458,617,331,357]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FE72FEF568474E5B" box="[458,617,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. brachyotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FD2FFEF569604E5B" authorityName="Srinivasulu & Kusuminda & Srinivasulu & Ukuwela & Amarasinghe & Siriwardana & Kaur & Mannakkara & Soisook & Kamalakannan & Yapa & Srinivasulu" authorityYear="2025" box="[663,846,331,357]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="srilankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FD2FFEF569604E5B" box="[663,846,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. srilankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, the frontal pore is clearly evident, though it is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FE83FED1685B4EB7" authority="(Cantor, 1846)" baseAuthorityName="Cantor" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[315,629,367,393]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FE83FED16BEA4EB7" box="[315,452,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. galeritus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A179F3CA0F359E27FE6CFED168434EB7" author="Cantor, T." box="[468,621,367,393]" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" pagination="171 - 203" refId="ref12176" refString="Cantor, T. (1846) Catalogue of Mammalia inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 15 (171), 171-203." type="journal article" year="1846">Cantor, 1846</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The noseleaf of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FC85FED169E84EB7" baseAuthorityName="Cantor" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[829,966,367,393]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FC85FED169E84EB7" box="[829,966,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. galeritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BDFFCEAB0F359E27FBE0FED16E924EB7" box="[1112,1212,367,393]" name="Thailand" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
is as broad as long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DD392BE0F359E27FF27FE2D6B0A4E93" box="[159,292,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1661,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1317,1638]" captionTargetId="figure-548@16.[151,1435,1317,1638]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Frontal profile depicting the characteristic noseleaf and distinct internarial septum in A. Hipposideros brachyotus (NHMOU.CHI.35.2014), B. H. srilankaensis sp. nov. (specimen not collected), C. H. galeritus from S Thailand (PS200128.4), and D. H. galeritus NE Thailand (PS1905005.1)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953507/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">Figure 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The posterior leaf is tall, similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FCA0FE2D69E14E93" authorityName="Srinivasulu & Kusuminda & Srinivasulu & Ukuwela & Amarasinghe & Siriwardana & Kaur & Mannakkara & Soisook & Kamalakannan & Yapa & Srinivasulu" authorityYear="2025" box="[792,975,403,429]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="srilankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FCA0FE2D69E14E93" box="[792,975,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. srilankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the noseleaf of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FB13FE2D6F1F4E93" baseAuthorityName="Cantor" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1195,1329,403,429]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FB13FE2D6F1F4E93" box="[1195,1329,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. galeritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from NE
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BDFFCEAB0F359E27FF2FFE096AD54EEF" box="[151,251,439,465]" name="Thailand" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
the internarial septum is short, parallel-sided, and ends with a bluntly rounded tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DD392BE0F359E27FB12FE096F1E4EEF" box="[1194,1328,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1661,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1317,1638]" captionTargetId="figure-548@16.[151,1435,1317,1638]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Frontal profile depicting the characteristic noseleaf and distinct internarial septum in A. Hipposideros brachyotus (NHMOU.CHI.35.2014), B. H. srilankaensis sp. nov. (specimen not collected), C. H. galeritus from S Thailand (PS200128.4), and D. H. galeritus NE Thailand (PS1905005.1)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953507/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">Figure 10D</figureCitation>
|
||
), rounder than that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FE99FE656BEE4ECB" authorityName="Wroughton" authorityYear="1913" box="[289,448,475,501]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FE99FE656BEE4ECB" box="[289,448,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. brachyotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The internarial septum is spindle-shaped in the South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BDFFCEAB0F359E27FB8FFE656EB54ECB" box="[1079,1179,475,501]" name="Thailand" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimen, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FA39FE656B054D27" authorityName="Srinivasulu & Kusuminda & Srinivasulu & Ukuwela & Amarasinghe & Siriwardana & Kaur & Mannakkara & Soisook & Kamalakannan & Yapa & Srinivasulu" authorityYear="2025" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="srilankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FA39FE656B054D27" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. srilankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the internarial septum has a broad base and tapers to a point, touching the intermediate leaf. The ears of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FF0FFD9D6B794D03" authorityName="Wroughton" authorityYear="1913" box="[183,343,547,573]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FF0FFD9D6B794D03" box="[183,343,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. brachyotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very small, as broad as long, with the anterior margin notably convex and the outer margin slightly concave beneath the tip (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A179F3CA0F359E27FDA9FDF968814D5F" author="Dobson, G. E." box="[529,687,583,609]" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" pagination="237 - 238" refId="ref12559" refString="Dobson, G. E. (1874) Descriptions of new species of Chiroptera from India and Yunnan. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 63, Pt. 2 (4), 237-238." type="journal article" year="1874">Dobson 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In live specimens, the ears are evidently broader than long. The ears of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FF50FDD56B404DBB" baseAuthorityName="Cantor" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[232,366,619,645]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FF50FDD56B404DBB" box="[232,366,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. galeritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were mentioned to be sub-erect, broader than long, their breadth equaling the length of the head (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A179F3CA0F359E27FF27FD316B1E4D97" author="Cantor, T." box="[159,304,655,681]" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" pagination="171 - 203" refId="ref12176" refString="Cantor, T. (1846) Catalogue of Mammalia inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 15 (171), 171-203." type="journal article" year="1846">Cantor 1846</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FEDBFD3168374D97" authorityName="Srinivasulu & Kusuminda & Srinivasulu & Ukuwela & Amarasinghe & Siriwardana & Kaur & Mannakkara & Soisook & Kamalakannan & Yapa & Srinivasulu" authorityYear="2025" box="[355,537,655,681]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="srilankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FEDBFD3168374D97" box="[355,537,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. srilankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the ears are broad and erect. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FC32FD316E3F4D97" baseAuthorityName="Cantor" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[906,1041,655,681]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FC32FD316E3F4D97" box="[906,1041,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. galeritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
more than two-third of the back of the ear is covered with fur, with only a narrow hairless line along the external margin of the ear (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A179F3CA0F359E27FB51FD0D6F554DF3" author="Cantor, T." box="[1257,1403,691,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" pagination="171 - 203" refId="ref12176" refString="Cantor, T. (1846) Catalogue of Mammalia inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 15 (171), 171-203." type="journal article" year="1846">Cantor 1846</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a character which is present in both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FDA5FD6968924DCF" box="[541,700,727,753]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barchyotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FDA5FD6968924DCF" box="[541,700,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. barchyotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FD4CFD6969824DCF" authorityName="Srinivasulu & Kusuminda & Srinivasulu & Ukuwela & Amarasinghe & Siriwardana & Kaur & Mannakkara & Soisook & Kamalakannan & Yapa & Srinivasulu" authorityYear="2025" box="[756,940,727,753]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="srilankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FD4CFD6969824DCF" box="[756,940,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. srilankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The zygoma are robust and lack the dorsal process in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FEB5FD456B844C2B" authorityName="Wroughton" authorityYear="1913" box="[269,426,763,789]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FEB5FD456B844C2B" box="[269,426,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. brachyotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DD392BE0F359E27FE00FD4568144C2B" box="[440,570,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[152,255,1393,1417]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1065,1370]" captionTargetId="figure-512@17.[151,1436,1065,1370]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Comparison of skulls of A. Hipposideros brachyotus (NHMOU.CHI.7.2014, Donkarai, East Godavari Dist., Andhra Pradesh, India), B. H. srilankaensis sp. nov. (NMSL2023.08.01NH, Makulella, Bandarawela, Uva Province, Sri Lanka) and C. H. galeritus (PSUZC-MM2005.66, Ao Son, Tarutao Is., Satun, Thailand). Scale: 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953509/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">Figure 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FD73FD4569AE4C2B" authorityName="Srinivasulu & Kusuminda & Srinivasulu & Ukuwela & Amarasinghe & Siriwardana & Kaur & Mannakkara & Soisook & Kamalakannan & Yapa & Srinivasulu" authorityYear="2025" box="[715,896,763,789]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="srilankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FD73FD4569AE4C2B" box="[715,896,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. srilankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are slender and delicate, and lack the dorsal process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DD392BE0F359E27FF41FCA16B574C07" box="[249,377,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[152,255,1393,1417]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1065,1370]" captionTargetId="figure-512@17.[151,1436,1065,1370]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Comparison of skulls of A. Hipposideros brachyotus (NHMOU.CHI.7.2014, Donkarai, East Godavari Dist., Andhra Pradesh, India), B. H. srilankaensis sp. nov. (NMSL2023.08.01NH, Makulella, Bandarawela, Uva Province, Sri Lanka) and C. H. galeritus (PSUZC-MM2005.66, Ao Son, Tarutao Is., Satun, Thailand). Scale: 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953509/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">Figure 11B</figureCitation>
|
||
), while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FE55FCA1685D4C07" baseAuthorityName="Cantor" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[493,627,799,825]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FE55FCA1685D4C07" box="[493,627,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. galeritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Tarutalos, South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BDFFCEAB0F359E27FCC8FCA169FA4C07" box="[880,980,799,825]" name="Thailand" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
the zygoma are slender with a prominent dorsal process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DD392BE0F359E27FEFDFCFD6BE64C63" box="[325,456,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[152,255,1393,1417]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1065,1370]" captionTargetId="figure-512@17.[151,1436,1065,1370]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Comparison of skulls of A. Hipposideros brachyotus (NHMOU.CHI.7.2014, Donkarai, East Godavari Dist., Andhra Pradesh, India), B. H. srilankaensis sp. nov. (NMSL2023.08.01NH, Makulella, Bandarawela, Uva Province, Sri Lanka) and C. H. galeritus (PSUZC-MM2005.66, Ao Son, Tarutao Is., Satun, Thailand). Scale: 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953509/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">Figure 11C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The sagittal crest is slightly pronounced in the frontal region in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FB1DFCFD6F6D4C63" authorityName="Wroughton" authorityYear="1913" box="[1189,1347,835,861]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FB1DFCFD6F6D4C63" box="[1189,1347,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. brachyotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, visible but not pronounced in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FE2AFCD968694CBF" authorityName="Srinivasulu & Kusuminda & Srinivasulu & Ukuwela & Amarasinghe & Siriwardana & Kaur & Mannakkara & Soisook & Kamalakannan & Yapa & Srinivasulu" authorityYear="2025" box="[402,583,871,897]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="srilankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FE2AFCD968694CBF" box="[402,583,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. srilankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and slightly pronounced in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FC3CFCD96E274CBF" baseAuthorityName="Cantor" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[900,1033,871,897]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FC3CFCD96E274CBF" box="[900,1033,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. galeritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The skull is comparatively bulbous in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FF0CFC356B444C9B" authorityName="Srinivasulu & Kusuminda & Srinivasulu & Ukuwela & Amarasinghe & Siriwardana & Kaur & Mannakkara & Soisook & Kamalakannan & Yapa & Srinivasulu" authorityYear="2025" box="[180,362,907,933]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="srilankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FF0CFC356B444C9B" box="[180,362,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. srilankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, more than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FDB2FC3568864C9B" authorityName="Wroughton" authorityYear="1913" box="[522,680,907,933]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FDB2FC3568864C9B" box="[522,680,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. brachyotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FD67FC35694A4C9B" baseAuthorityName="Cantor" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[735,868,907,933]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FD67FC35694A4C9B" box="[735,868,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. galeritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DD392BE0F359E27FCCAFC356E194C9B" box="[882,1079,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[152,255,1393,1417]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1065,1370]" captionTargetId="figure-512@17.[151,1436,1065,1370]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Comparison of skulls of A. Hipposideros brachyotus (NHMOU.CHI.7.2014, Donkarai, East Godavari Dist., Andhra Pradesh, India), B. H. srilankaensis sp. nov. (NMSL2023.08.01NH, Makulella, Bandarawela, Uva Province, Sri Lanka) and C. H. galeritus (PSUZC-MM2005.66, Ao Son, Tarutao Is., Satun, Thailand). Scale: 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953509/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">Figure 11A, B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The palate is wider and longer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FF0AFC116B494CF7" authorityName="Srinivasulu & Kusuminda & Srinivasulu & Ukuwela & Amarasinghe & Siriwardana & Kaur & Mannakkara & Soisook & Kamalakannan & Yapa & Srinivasulu" authorityYear="2025" box="[178,359,943,969]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="srilankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FF0AFC116B494CF7" box="[178,359,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. srilankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in comparison to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FD92FC1168E94CF7" authorityName="Wroughton" authorityYear="1913" box="[554,711,943,969]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FD92FC1168E94CF7" box="[554,711,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. brachyotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The mesopterygoid space in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FBB6FC116E844CF7" authorityName="Wroughton" authorityYear="1913" box="[1038,1194,943,969]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FBB6FC116E844CF7" box="[1038,1194,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. brachyotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an almost O-shape, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FF43FC6D6B9C4CD3" authorityName="Srinivasulu & Kusuminda & Srinivasulu & Ukuwela & Amarasinghe & Siriwardana & Kaur & Mannakkara & Soisook & Kamalakannan & Yapa & Srinivasulu" authorityYear="2025" box="[251,434,979,1005]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="srilankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FF43FC6D6B9C4CD3" box="[251,434,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. srilankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is a blunt V-shape. The canine of the lower jaw is tall and slender in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FB66FC6D6FBB4CD3" authorityName="Srinivasulu & Kusuminda & Srinivasulu & Ukuwela & Amarasinghe & Siriwardana & Kaur & Mannakkara & Soisook & Kamalakannan & Yapa & Srinivasulu" authorityYear="2025" box="[1246,1429,979,1005]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="srilankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FB66FC6D6FBB4CD3" box="[1246,1429,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. srilankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E8F5B80F359E27FF41FC496BB94B2F" authorityName="Wroughton" authorityYear="1913" box="[249,407,1015,1041]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79C52290F359E27FF41FC496BB94B2F" box="[249,407,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">H. brachyotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is not as tall, while the 2
|
||
<superScript id="329D23730F359E27FD7EFC4868F84B3A" attach="left" box="[710,726,1014,1028]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="524">nd</superScript>
|
||
premolar reaches three-quarters the height of the canine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |