379 lines
45 KiB
XML
379 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document id="D1C8A31A535B03CC77BCF6DEF6B1E6BA" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3626.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="135b7553-b75c-4020-b1a6-c689a05b7e66" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="218625" ID-ZooBank="58AD6857-8CDD-4423-88D0-619CD8D793AC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460581053656" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Joshi, Jahnavi & Edgecombe, Gregory D." docDate="2013" docId="4F7A87F2FFD0FFBBFF0BFA97FADCFEC3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03626p145.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3626 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Digitipes Attems 1930" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="101" masterDocId="B343FF8AFFD1FFB8FF9CFFBFFFE3FFFC" masterDocTitle="Revision of the scolopendrid centipede Digitipes Attems, 1930, from India (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): reconciling molecular and morphological estimates of species diversity" masterLastPageNumber="145" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="100" updateTime="1698324300789" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="9AFD6C47BCDF34E09BCE6DEC47876F7A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="36310817AD27A59ACFED3D909CE0A164">
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<mods:title id="08795A145483EBA933E18CCC66E9BE3D">Revision of the scolopendrid centipede Digitipes Attems, 1930, from India (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): reconciling molecular and morphological estimates of species diversity</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="051003BF7E9C19730539FB529AB4D42E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="803BF9793BA071CF18215C307E896EE7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="29ABCBBA25611DDD102048CC79EE6F97">Joshi, Jahnavi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="449869C9C046EEABC68220FC3520D9FA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9D13912010FE46AE2351509B5D568D3E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D082D7C94BD9C86D85AECC7AD7E127DA">Edgecombe, Gregory D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C5709BF4C0B2D13EC7610ED22D0B31E0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="13622D9EB175F687F02C65A6AEF029E8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="70951344A79F69D4E231EDEECB3A4C58">
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<mods:date id="B7192B36308DA995C88A8A4720E0D328">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="99D43B261BA0E54F82227530D968ECB2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="25A63DBF47DE2156B8120C013BAAA314">3626</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="44494A538E1F78999CD81BFCA0AE7551" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="AFC0B7FB1BDBA75E1B3A4B91F153F283">1</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="199753F31A59BBB7F980EB0FEBA94087" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3626.1.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="83E3BCFF4B3129AA33D87838E0B7876D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4F7A87F2FFD0FFBBFF0BFA97FADCFEC3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6154112" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119563410" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6154112" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F7A87F2FFD0FFBBFF0BFA97FADCFEC3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F7A87F2FFD0FFBBFF0BFA97FADCFEC3" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">
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<subSubSection id="8FC9656FFFD0FFB9FF0BFA97FDE7FABE" box="[151,516,1320,1347]" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFD0FFB9FF0BFA97FDE7FABE" blockId="1.[151,516,1320,1347]" box="[151,516,1320,1347]" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">
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<heading id="9C248188FFD0FFB9FF0BFA97FDE7FABE" bold="true" box="[151,516,1320,1347]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD0FFB9FF0BFA97FDE7FABE" bold="true" box="[151,516,1320,1347]" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD0FFB9FF72FA96FDE7FABE" ID-CoL="45DM" ID-ENA="1096233" authority="Attems, 1930" authorityName="Attems" authorityYear="1930" box="[238,516,1320,1347]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD0FFB9FF72FA96FEB9FABF" bold="true" box="[238,346,1321,1347]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Digitipes</emphasis>
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Attems, 1930
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FC9656FFFD0FFB9FF0BFACFFC8BFA74" box="[151,872,1391,1416]" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFD0FFB9FF0BFACFFC8BFA74" blockId="1.[151,1437,1391,2032]" box="[151,872,1391,1416]" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD0FFB9FF0BFACFFED1FA74" bold="true" box="[151,306,1391,1416]" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">
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<typeStatus id="18688846FFD0FFB9FF0BFACFFF31FA74" box="[151,210,1392,1416]" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD0FFB9FEA5FACEFD20FA7B" authority="Attems, 1930" authorityName="Attems" authorityYear="1930" box="[313,707,1391,1416]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verdascens">
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<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD0FFB9FEA5FACEFDC1FA74" box="[313,546,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Digitipes verdascens</emphasis>
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Attems, 1930
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FC9656FFFD0FFB9FF55FA2CFD64F9E4" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFD0FFB9FF55FA2CFD64F9E4" blockId="1.[151,1437,1391,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD0FFB9FF55FA2CFEA0FA50" bold="true" box="[201,323,1427,1452]" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Otostigmini lacking spiracle on segment 7. Forcipular tooth plates with four teeth, the inner two grouped. Coxopleural process with two apical spines, no dorsal spines, single lateral spine present or absent. Conical to subcyclindrical distomedial process on femur of ultimate leg in male, longitudinal furrow along medial surface of femur terminating on the process.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FC9656FFFD0FFBBFF55F99CFADCFEC3" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFD0FFB9FF55F99CFAA7F8C4" blockId="1.[151,1437,1391,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD0FFB9FF55F99CFEADF9C0" bold="true" box="[201,334,1571,1596]" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Discussion.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD0FFB9FEC8F99AFE58F9C0" box="[340,443,1573,1596]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD0FFB9FEC8F99AFE58F9C0" box="[340,443,1573,1596]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Digitipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was erected as a monotypic genus to accommodate
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<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD0FFB9FB9FF99AFB42F9C0" box="[1027,1185,1572,1596]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verdascens">
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<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD0FFB9FB9FF99AFB42F9C0" box="[1027,1185,1572,1596]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">D. verdascens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the then
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<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFD0FFB9FAD9F99BFF01F9A3" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Belgian Congo</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFD0FFB9FF6DF9F8FDBAF9A3" box="[241,601,1607,1631]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
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). Attems (1930a) noted that it was easily distinguished from other genera of Otostigmini by the process on the femur of the ultimate legs of the male. Two additional species with
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<typeStatus id="18688846FFD0FFB9FAB8F9D2FABCF979" box="[1316,1375,1645,1669]" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">types</typeStatus>
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from the
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<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFD0FFB9FF5DF930FDC2F95B" box="[193,545,1679,1703]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
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were subsequently attributed to the genus:
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<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD0FFB9FB96F92EFAA6F95B" authority="Kraus, 1957" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="1957" box="[1034,1349,1679,1704]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katangensis">
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<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD0FFB9FB96F92EFB52F954" box="[1034,1201,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">D. katangensis</emphasis>
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Kraus, 1957
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD0FFB9FA1DF92EFE45F930" authority="Dobroruka, 1968" authorityName="Dobroruka" authorityYear="1968" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krausi">
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<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD0FFB9FA1DF92EFF3EF930" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">D. krausi</emphasis>
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Dobroruka, 1968
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</taxonomicName>
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. The former at least demonstrably has the distomedial process on the ultimate leg femur in the male (Kraus, 1957: figs. 8–10), whereas the latter is known only from the female.
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<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD0FFB9FBE8F966FA84F90C" box="[1140,1383,1752,1776]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katangensis">
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<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD0FFB9FBE8F966FA84F90C" box="[1140,1383,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Digitipes katangensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was placed in synonymy with
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<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD0FFB9FE26F942FC8DF8E8" authority="Kraepelin, 1903" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1903" box="[442,878,1788,1812]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reichardti">
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<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD0FFB9FE26F942FD4CF8E8" box="[442,687,1788,1812]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Otostigmus reichardti</emphasis>
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Kraepelin, 1903
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</taxonomicName>
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, by Lewis (2004), extending its geographic range to
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<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFD0FFB9FF28F89FFEFAF8C4" box="[180,281,1824,1848]" name="Tanzania" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFD0FFB9FED3F89FFE46F8C4" box="[335,421,1824,1848]" name="Angola" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Angola</collectingCountry>
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. The current combination for this species is
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<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD0FFB9FC08F89EFAA3F8C4" authority="Kraepelin, 1903" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1903" box="[916,1344,1824,1848]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reichardti">
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<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD0FFB9FC08F89EFB8CF8C4" box="[916,1135,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Digitipes reichardti</emphasis>
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(Kraepelin, 1903)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFD0FFBAFF55F8FBFA98FF28" blockId="1.[151,1437,1391,2032]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">
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The first attribution of non-African species to
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<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD0FFB9FD52F8FAFCD6F8A0" box="[718,821,1861,1884]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD0FFB9FD52F8FAFCD6F8A0" box="[718,821,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Digitipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was made by Jangi and Dass (1984), who assigned six new species from peninsular
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<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFD0FFB9FE7DF8D7FDF9F87C" box="[481,538,1896,1920]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">India</collectingCountry>
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to the genus. Their justification for this assignment was the shared presence of two characters in these species that separated
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<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD0FFB9FD05F832FD1CF858" box="[665,767,1933,1956]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD0FFB9FD05F832FD1CF858" box="[665,767,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Digitipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD0FFB9FCD9F832FC26F858" box="[837,965,1933,1956]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD0FFB9FCD9F832FC26F858" box="[837,965,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Otostigmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in their key: the femur of the ultimate leg in the male bears a distomedial process and “claw of 2nd maxilla without spur”. The latter refers to a lack of accessory spurs on the pretarsus, and was also listed by Attems (1930a, b) as diagnostic of
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<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD0FFB9FB54F867FACCF813" box="[1224,1327,2008,2031]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD0FFB9FB54F867FACCF813" box="[1224,1327,2008,2031]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Digitipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Another second maxillary character was also regarded as diagnostic of the genus by Attems (1930a, b), the lack of a spine on article 2 of the telopodite (presence of a spine in this position being widespread throughout
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<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFB27FF03FA8CFF28" box="[1211,1391,188,212]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scolopendridae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFD3FFBAFF5BFF60FDF6FD30" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">
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Lewis (2004) cautioned that
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<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFD96FF5EFD92FF04" box="[522,625,225,248]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFD96FF5EFD92FF04" box="[522,625,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Digitipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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could prove to be a junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFBB1FF5FFADBFF0B" authority="Porat, 1876" authorityName="Porat" authorityYear="1876" box="[1069,1336,223,247]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFBB1FF5FFB4EFF0B" box="[1069,1197,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Otostigmus</emphasis>
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Porat, 1876
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</taxonomicName>
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, because its only reliable diagnostic character (the process on the ultimate leg femur) is confined to males. Lewis (2004) pointed out instances within
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<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFE78FE97FD87FEC3" box="[484,612,296,319]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFE78FE97FD87FEC3" box="[484,612,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Otostigmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in which an absence of a spine on article 2 of the telopodite had been recorded, e.g., in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFEC0FEF2FD57FE98" authority="Schileyko, 1995" authorityName="Schileyko" authorityYear="1995" box="[348,692,332,356]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reservatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFEC0FEF2FE10FE98" box="[348,499,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFD3FFBAFEC0FEF2FE90FE98" box="[348,371,333,356]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. reservatus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Schileyko, 1995
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such that this character would not consistently separate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFAA9FEF2FA7FFE98" box="[1333,1436,333,356]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFAA9FEF2FA7FFE98" box="[1333,1436,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Digitipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFF45FECFFEBAFE7B" box="[217,345,368,391]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFF45FECFFEBAFE7B" box="[217,345,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Otostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The absence of this spine has also been recorded in various South American species of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFD3FFBAFA1DFECFFA76FE7B" box="[1409,1429,368,391]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFA1DFECFFA76FE7B" box="[1409,1429,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">O</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFF3CFE2AFEA1FE50" box="[160,322,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Parotostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
) by Chagas-Jr.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFE6FFE2AFDC7FE50" box="[499,548,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2007), who likewise questioned the separation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFBF6FE2AFB32FE50" box="[1130,1233,405,428]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFBF6FE2AFB32FE50" box="[1130,1233,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Digitipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFA89FE2AFA77FE50" box="[1301,1428,405,428]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFA89FE2AFA77FE50" box="[1301,1428,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Otostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. An even more serious defect of this character as regards the assignment of Indian species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFB3AFE06FAEEFE2C" box="[1190,1293,441,464]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFB3AFE06FAEEFE2C" box="[1190,1293,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Digitipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, is that all of them in fact have a slender, pigmented spine on segment 2, such that its absence may be restricted to African species alone. Lewis (2004) was likewise critical of the utility of the pretarsal accessory spurs on the second maxilla as a diagnostic character of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFD1CFD9AFD04FDC0" box="[640,743,549,572]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFD1CFD9AFD04FDC0" box="[640,743,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Digitipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because the size of these spurs is so variable between species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFF29FDF7FED7FDA3" box="[181,308,584,607]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFF29FDF7FED7FDA3" box="[181,308,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Otostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ranging to rudimentary expression in some species. Within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFC42FDF6FBA6FD9C" box="[990,1093,585,608]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFC42FDF6FBA6FD9C" box="[990,1093,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Digitipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
an absence of accessory spurs also appears to be confined to African species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFD3BFDD2FCA7FD78" box="[679,836,620,644]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verdascens">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFD3BFDD2FCA7FD78" box="[679,836,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">D. verdascens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFCE7FDD2FBE8FD78" box="[891,1035,620,644]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reichardti">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFCE7FDD2FBE8FD78" box="[891,1035,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">D. reichardti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) because we observe their presence in the three Indian species assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFDD5FD2EFD53FD54" box="[585,688,657,680]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFDD5FD2EFD53FD54" box="[585,688,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Digitipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Jangi and Dass (1984) that we have examined as well as in the two new species described herein.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFD3FFBAFF5BFD68FB54FACC" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">
|
||
Thus we agree with Lewis (2004) and Chagas
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFD56FD66FD18FD0C" box="[714,763,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2007) that the two peculiarities of the second maxilla cited by Attems (1930a, b) as diagnostic for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFDD0FD42FD50FCE8" box="[588,691,765,788]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFDD0FD42FD50FCE8" box="[588,691,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Digitipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are of no value for the generic concept if it is meant to encompass Indian species. However, we maintain that the shared presence of a distomedial process on the femur of the ultimate leg in males is a strong argument that most of the Indian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFB94FCFAFB8CFCA0" box="[1032,1135,837,860]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFB94FCFAFB8CFCA0" box="[1032,1135,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Digitipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
named by Jangi and Dass (1984) together with new species erected here are most closely related to tropical African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFB2AFCD6FAFEFC7C" box="[1206,1309,873,896]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFB2AFCD6FAFEFC7C" box="[1206,1309,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Digitipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Though a similar process is present on the tibia of males in the Brazilian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFCE5FC32FF31FC3B" authority="Brolemann, 1902" authorityName="Brolemann" authorityYear="1902" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis" subGenus="Parotostigmus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFCE5FC32FC1AFC58" box="[889,1017,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Otostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFB90FC32FB4DFC58" box="[1036,1198,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Parotostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFB5DFC33FAECFC58" box="[1217,1295,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">tibialis</emphasis>
|
||
Brölemann, 1902
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a potentially homologous process on the femur is not known in any other member of Otostigmini. This peculiarity is, in the absence of any other competing hypothesis of relationship (i.e., better support for separate sister groups of African and Indian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFDD5FC46FD53FBEC" box="[585,688,1017,1040]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFDD5FC46FD53FBEC" box="[585,688,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Digitipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFC8DFC47FC72FBF3" box="[785,913,1016,1039]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFC8DFC47FC72FBF3" box="[785,913,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Otostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), indicative of affinity. In Indian species, a longitudinal furrow on the distal half of the medial surface of the femur terminates on the process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5FE82A61FFD3FFBAFB6BFBA3FAA2FBC8" box="[1271,1345,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Digitipes barnabasi Jangi and Dass, 1984. 7. Ultimate leg prefemur, ventral view, CES 091355 (female), scale = 1 mm, 8. Ultimate leg femur, dorsal view, CES 091033 (male), scale = 1 mm. 9. Ultimate leg femur, medial view, CES 091033, scale = 1 mm. 10. TT 18 – 20, dorsal view, CES 091033, scale = 1 mm. 11. TT 18 – 20, dorsal view, CES 091355, scale = 1 mm. 12. Coxopleuron, lateral view, CES 091017, scale = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218627/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Figs 9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="5FE82A61FFD3FFBAFAD2FBA3FA8FFBC8" box="[1358,1388,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,859,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,859,1804]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 23. Digitipes coonoorensis Jangi and Dass, 1984. 19. Ultimate leg prefemur, ventral view, CES 08960 (female), scale = 0.5 mm. 20. Ultimate leg femur, dorsal view, CES 091088 (male), scale = 0.5 mm. 21. Ultimate leg femur, medial view, CES 091088, scale = 0.5 mm. 22. TT 18 – 20, dorsal view, CES 08960, scale = 1 mm. 23. Spiracle on segment 3, CES 07125, scale = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218629/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">21</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="5FE82A61FFD3FFBAFAE5FBA3FF55FBAB" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 45" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 45. Digitipes jonesii (Verhoeff, 1938). 36 – 40, CES 091062 (male); 41 – 45, CES 091090 (male). 36. Ultimate leg prefemur, ventral view, scale = 1 mm. 37. Ultimate leg femur, dorsal view, scale = 1 mm. 38. Ultimate leg femur, medial view, scale = 1 mm. 39. TT 18 – 19, dorsal view, scale = 1 mm. 40. Spiracle on segment 3, lateral view, scale = 0.5 mm. 41. Ultimate leg prefemur, ventral view, scale = 0.5 mm. 42. Ultimate leg femur, medial view, scale = 0.5 mm. 43. Ultimate leg femur, ventral view, scale = 1 mm. 44. TT 18 – 20, dorsal view, scale = 1 mm. 45. Spiracle on segment 3, lateral view, scale = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218632/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">38, 42</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="5FE82A61FFD3FFBAFF5DFB80FF03FBAB" box="[193,224,1087,1111]" captionStart="FIGURES 52 – 56" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1116,1139]" captionTargetBox="[165,1408,185,1098]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[165,1409,185,1099]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 52 – 56. Digitipes jangii n. sp. CES 08912 (holotype male) except Fig. 56, CES 08915 (paratype male). 52. Ultimate leg prefemur, ventral view, scale = 0.5 mm. 53. Ultimate leg femur, dorsal view, scale = 0.5 mm. 54. Ultimate leg femur, medial view, scale = 0.5 mm. 55. TT 18 – 20, dorsal view, scale = 0.5 mm. 56. Spiracle on segment 3, scale = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218634/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">54</figureCitation>
|
||
), and a corresponding furrow was depicted in the African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFCEFFBFEFBE0FBA4" box="[883,1027,1088,1112]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reichardti">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFCEFFBFEFBE0FBA4" box="[883,1027,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">D. reichardti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFBBCFBFEFB24FBA4" box="[1056,1223,1088,1112]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFBBCFBFEFB24FBA4" box="[1056,1223,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">D. katangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”) by Kraus (1957: figs 8, 9). The association of the furrow and process strengthens the basis for homology. In Indian species, the flattened medial surface of the femur bears a dense field of fine pores that we infer to be the openings of epidermal glands. The alternative to recognising the Indian species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFCDDFB12FC4BFB38" box="[833,936,1197,1220]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFCDDFB12FC4BFB38" box="[833,936,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Digitipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be to relegate them to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFA9CFB12FA9CFB38" box="[1280,1407,1197,1220]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFA9CFB12FA9CFB38" box="[1280,1407,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Otostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a genus that already includes some 120 species. We consider that this would create more rather than less taxonomic confusion because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFEF3FB4AFE0CFAF0" box="[367,495,1269,1292]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFEF3FB4AFE0CFAF0" box="[367,495,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Otostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is demonstrably non-monophyletic (Vahtera
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFC6CFB4AFBC0FAF0" box="[1008,1059,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012): molecular data resolve it as polyphyletic, and none of its putatively diagnostic morphological characters is apomorphic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFD3FFBAFF5BFA82FD40F988" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">
|
||
We are left with a situation in which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFDF5FA82FD33FAA8" box="[617,720,1341,1364]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFDF5FA82FD33FAA8" box="[617,720,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Digitipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically diagnosed by a character that is confined to one sex, an uncommon practice in centipede taxonomy but of course one that is commonplace in spiders and millipedes, where the male palps and gonopods, respectively, are often necessary for taxonomic diagnoses. Specimens that possess the femoral process make up a small percentage of our total sample of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFB50FA16FAD1FA3C" box="[1228,1330,1449,1472]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFB50FA16FAD1FA3C" box="[1228,1330,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Digitipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, they are consistently large, and we have not detected incipient stages of its development in small specimens. Accordingly we consider it likely that it is a structure that emerges with sexual maturity. Despite these limitations in applying this character to the diagnosis of the genus, access to molecular tools makes it possible to associate females to males from the same collection, and the monophyly of the Indian radiation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFC66F986FB82F9AC" box="[1018,1121,1593,1616]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFC66F986FB82F9AC" box="[1018,1121,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Digitipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is robustly supported by the sequence data (Joshi and Karanth 2011, 2012).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFD3FFBBFF5BF93FFADCFEC3" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFD3FFBAFF5BF93FFF05F964" box="[199,230,1664,1688]" name="American Samoa" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
noted under discussion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFDBAF93FFCEEF964" box="[550,781,1664,1688]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gravelyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFDBAF93FFCEEF964" box="[550,781,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Otostigmus gravelyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
below, Indian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFC22F93EFBC6F964" box="[958,1061,1665,1688]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFC22F93EFBC6F964" box="[958,1061,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Digitipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the exclusion of that species (originally assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFE3FF91AFDE9F940" box="[419,522,1701,1724]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFE3FF91AFDE9F940" box="[419,522,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Digitipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but transferred herein to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFCAAF91AFC55F940" box="[822,950,1701,1724]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFCAAF91AFC55F940" box="[822,950,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Otostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) share a suite of characters that is highly conserved and is shared by African congeners. Forcipular tooth plates with 4+4 teeth are shared by all specimens of Indian and African species apart from one specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFC87F952FC36F8F8" box="[795,981,1773,1796]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coonoorensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFC87F952FC36F8F8" box="[795,981,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">D. coonoorensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with five teeth on one tooth plate. The arrangement of the teeth shows a consistent pattern of the inner pair being grouped, the second tooth being the largest and having an asymmetrical outline, its outer margin less steeply sloping than its inner margin, a seta being situated behind the outer edge of the second tooth, and the outer tooth being the smallest and distinctly posterior to the other three. Indian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFE05F8C2FDE3F868" box="[409,512,1917,1940]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFE05F8C2FDE3F868" box="[409,512,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Digitipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a highly conserved number of 17 antennal articles, fixed in all species apart from a single specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFE55F81EFD62F844" box="[457,641,1953,1976]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coonoorensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFE55F81EFE3EF844" box="[457,477,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFE71F81EFD62F844" box="[493,641,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">coonoorensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with 18 articles on one antenna and two specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFB67F81EFA8AF844" box="[1275,1385,1953,1976]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jonesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFB67F81EFA8AF844" box="[1275,1385,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">D. jonesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that have 18 or 18/19 articles. African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFDBCF87AFD64F820" box="[544,647,1989,2012]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFDBCF87AFD64F820" box="[544,647,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Digitipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have 16–17 antennal articles. Unlike most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD3FFBAFBE4F87AFB14F820" box="[1144,1271,1989,2012]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD3FFBAFBE4F87AFB14F820" box="[1144,1271,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Otostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the transition from glabrous to densely setose antennal articles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD2FFBBFD7CFF26FCA5FF4C" box="[736,838,153,176]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD2FFBBFD7CFF26FCA5FF4C" box="[736,838,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Digitipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
apart from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD2FFBBFC50FF26FBBAFF4C" box="[972,1113,152,176]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chhotanii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD2FFBBFC50FF26FBBAFF4C" box="[972,1113,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">D. chhotanii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
corresponds precisely to the boundaries of articles (i.e., two or three glabrous articles rather than 2.25, 2.33, 2.5, etc.). All Indian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD2FFBBFB66FF02FA82FF28" box="[1274,1377,189,212]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD2FFBBFB66FF02FA82FF28" box="[1274,1377,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Digitipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have two apical spines on the coxopleural process and lack dorsal spines. These character states are shared by all African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD2FFBBFF0BFEBAFF1DFEE0" box="[151,254,261,284]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD2FFBBFF0BFEBAFF1DFEE0" box="[151,254,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Digitipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well. The transfer of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD2FFBBFD88FEBAFCE0FEE0" box="[532,771,260,284]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graveleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD2FFBBFD88FEBAFCE0FEE0" box="[532,771,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Otostigmus graveleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
allows these stable characters to be added to the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD2FFBBFF29FE96FEFFFEBC" box="[181,284,297,320]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD2FFBBFF29FE96FEFFFEBC" box="[181,284,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Digitipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, though it is recognised that all of them are observed in various species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFD2FFBBFBFEFE97FB01FEC3" box="[1122,1250,296,319]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFD2FFBBFBFEFE97FB01FEC3" box="[1122,1250,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Otostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |